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61

3.

#wwi8nwik1 (Meaning)

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--T-lstops asp.vl. ph asp.vd. unasp.vl. bh P

th dh

kh gh

t ig/ UnasplYLL-YL -Id LI 395

Ik I ?

71

dr:lnnaa4liar

bilabial

labiodental

Interdental

alveolar

palatal

velar

glottal

Affricates asp.vl. unasp.vl asp.vd.

I----- - ----!Fricatives

/I VI-

I j _~ .Yd: ..__...-. I
INasals I jiiauids I IGlIdes I

. 1 -I -.I-

F
C Y j

f
V --.-.

0 a --

S i! - - - -

v S V z -__

n 1

7-i

r Y --

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73

The Arlu,latory Apparatus.

74

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Cl)(2)--

( 1) .___--_-

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75

B a phonemics b twaiutiin 4~

c Acoustic phonetics d phonetic symbols e L&l~Ldim

f place of articulation g glottis h labio-dental i lateral j uvula k t&~&u&d

76.

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77

~J,o~~u~w~qaw~&lwnl~l~~q~~a~u~
/P/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /9/ pin &in kin bin din give pat tap cat bat day slot etc. pack

tack
car back do9 90

/-PI m a p

seep

/-t/ m a t
/-k/ M a c /-b/ c a b /-d/ m a d

cut
seek rib had

/-g/ dig etc.

dog

1ham1n%4ii1 dww8qaw:aaunET L did /bl-/

/br-/ /dr-/ blank bring blood brand

drive drag etc.

w&@u~aaun~iti~o~i

L $94 wa 1 ked baked

/-kt/
/-pt/ /-ks/

wrapped stopped cakes likes etc.

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Front
HiPI -

Central na7-a

Back
Ui%

(high);\8

i(beat) I(bit)

(boot) ( good ) (boat) (bought) (god)

(mid)naw

e(bait) (bet)

(1ow)h-l

(bat)

2) ~~~~~Wasdau _____

(allophone)

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79

pet-m,(t

(ayql@)

80

00 y o u l i k e I t ?

L I 395

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83

2.

nani4aanLfls~un=nilj7u w"nn,la7d76~~n~U~i?4Sm (Generative Linguists) 'lb%wm

flGn?7xins?Iw7%

3 obJ(5) Ao

I) ngn7-&tAwquwti?u (Segment redundancy rules) 2) ngn7#?~&~~o~b~ (Sequence redundancy rules) 3) nGutiw~!u~uosMti?uRi (Morphophonemic rules)

84

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Jesperson

#70i7~R~~r#Su~n~was7nn~~~U~~~l~~~~~~~~u~~~~ ay-i divine - divinity line - linear ey-a profane - profanity iy-e serene - serenity

explane - explanatory obscene - obscenity

derive - derivative grateful - gratitude meter - metric collide - collision opaque - opacity receive reception

won97n~~~~n75rU~uu,,U~~~~n~~~~n,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~u,~~~~~n n7TlU~uMMuA~ua~causd~~~~~~~~~~U~~n~~~~~~~~~ 4

s-k

criticism - critige medicine - medi_cal

- critical -,medicate

allege - ellegation rigid - rigor regal regicide

analogous - analougize

86

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LI 3 9 5

87

1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a.

get/get/l%d/ket/ van/van/ " /wan/ think,/eink/ this/%is/ "/sink/,/tink/ "/dis/

zip/zip/ " /sip/ hip/gip/" pleasure/ple&" June/juwn/" /chip/ /pleecha/ /cuwn/,/yuwn/

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a. 9.

beg have with bath breeze wish rich rouge ridge

/-9/
/-V/

/k/
/P/

/-8/ /-iv
/-2/

b-3 A/ /-a i-j/

it/

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I hJ.4a7~i~

thd4ll~a~.

rnt~i&dar~rCiua~&~4t11-1
bee
q

/iy/ r5M /ii/ /ey/ a914 /ee/

/biy/

a& /bii/ 11% /bee/ Lii1d /mxxn/ raw /duu/ lih /goo/

bey = /hey/ man = /mxn/ do = /duw/ 90 = /gow/

/an/ a%4 Aat/ /uw/ /ow/ /aw/ L&d /uu/ Liild /oo/ L41d /33/

law = /law/ 1%~ /lDD/

89

/-l,-m,-st,sk/

pal, home, fast, desk

(1)

n7soonlflust&wdn n. n~~~ibwQn?us?

(Stress) (Word stress) (Sentence stress) the idea

u. n7rrGuwQn?wfl~=4us 3iaodw _ _ a pe/rfect

day, to perf&t

a new pe/rmit, (2) ~%~9$~~07

to permit him to go n'ow.

(Intonation) &ri I am he/re

-pitch (s-#u~%a) -juncture (frx+~rn&as~~) 1. fading juncture He lift. 2. rising juncture (L%+a&) He lift ? 3. Sustained juncture (I%J~FN%~~~) "He left," I said. /+/ /F/
(L&JJ~WHIU)/!J/

4. Blending or Linking of sounds (r&~snaun8u) We are here. (We';re h;e) /wi:r hiar/

90

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Endnotes

1.

Tlw~ssw uihtpdui, n7~7tuwrwmaw+

(t-q+ Lnwi : WI

%w7#kmwd7d&, 2521), 5 9 - 6 0 . 2. 3. ?~FI?T'~N Ronald

afiv~iwwd,

Ibid, 65. Introduction to Linguistics.

Wardhaugh,

(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 3. 4. 5. Reading," nR?TTO uiiug1uwvf, op.cit., 97-98.

Anna Fay and Vaugh Cooke, "Phonological Rules and in Linguistic Theory: What Can It Say About Reading?

(Newark, Delaware: Internl. Reading ASSn., 1977), 58-77. 6. (n=jQLm?: 7. a. @itt iiw& LIA=L~%@ um%wii%~iwi~Mwa, %ftfmp, ~w-ini~+n&nnw~&~&d

2531), 150-152.

Fay and Cooke, op. cit., 66-72. John R. Beech, Learning to Read: A Cognitive Approach

to Reading and Poor Reading (London: Croom Helm, 1985), 45-46.

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