ASSIGNMENT PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

Dosen: Drs. Imam Ghozali, Msc

Yuniarti

29 002 120

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2012

A. Background

In our daily live, all of people need to communicate each other. Communication activities can be done through language because language is an important way to make communication. People communication use language. The child is born with language acquisition divide (LAD) which is preprogrammed wit principles of language. The child born in the world cannot to use correct language. The children learn to speak from his/ her parents. They speak what they heard from their parent, they can hear from their environment. The parents to try understand what their child speaks. If the child makes a mistake in language, the parents will correct it. In process learning language has many factors that influence their communication, such as age, gender, family, and social background. In theory nativism, human is an innate mental capacity for language. This is a special language mechanism in which individuals are hard- wired with syntactic principles, or grammatical rules. As the nature of language is universal, anybody can learn any language they are exposed to with comparable ease. In this paper, the writer analyzes the differences of utterance that the writer found in the difference background. The differences of utterance will analyze use phonological, morphological and syntactic level. The writer got the data from interview the child one by one. The writer record what they said or their conversation uses cellular phone.

B. Context

The writer analyzes four subjects. They are two girls and two boys. They have different age, gender, family and social background.
2

Context is defined as the quality language input that the child is exposed to or experience to cover the scaffolding, care giver, and mothers talk.

Name

Gender

Family

Social background

Economic Background Her parents are in the middle class.

Education Backgroun d Her parents are graduated from senior high school.

1. Eka Lestari (3 years 2 months )

female

She lives with her parents. She is the first child in her family. The father name is Tukijo, the mother name is Istikomah. He lives with his parents. He has two sisters. The father names is Sutarno, the Suminten. He lives with his parents. He has one brother. Father

She uses Javanese language. Her father is a farmer and her mother is a house wife.

2. Wahyu Dwi Irawan (2 years 7 months ) 3. Yudha Setyaw an

male

He uses Javanese father is a farmer and his mother is

Her parents are in the low

His parents are graduated from junior high school.

language. His class.

mother name is a house wife. male He uses Javanese father is a Her parents are in the low His parents are graduated from junior

language. His class.

(3 years 5 months ) 4. Reni Citra Nirmal a (1 years 7 months ) female

name is Dul ghani. Mother name is Surip. She lives with his parents. She is the first child in her father. The father name is Roni, the Sumaryati.

farmer and his mother is a seller. She uses Javanese language. Her father is an employee in the factory and her house wife. Her parents are in the middle class.

high school.

Her father is graduated from D1. Her mother is graduated from junior high school.

mother name is mother is a

C. Data and Data Analysis

The writer interviews the children one by one in the conversation. The writer records what they said the conversation. The writer tries to understand what they say.

Subject A : Eka (3 years 2 months) No 1. 2. 3. 4. Token/ data Ngomah (make neng ngomah) Uwes (aku uwes maem) Karo jajanan (aku maem karo jajanan) Le tumbas neng gok adoh (aku le tumbas neng warung 5. sek adoh) Wingi sore (aku tumbas jajanan wingi 6. 7. sore) Uwes pakpung (aku uwes pakpung) Neng gok ngomah (bapak neng ngomah) [ uwes], [ pakpung] vs true [ gk] vs [ gn] [kn ] None {gok} vs {gon} [ wingi], [ sore] vs true None Phonological [ ngomah] vs true [ uwes] vs true [ karo], [ jajanan] vs true [ gk] vs [ gn] [k n ] Morphological level None None None {gok} vs {gon} Syntactic level . . ngomah S? P adv . uwes S? P O .. .. karo jajanan S? P O le tumbas neng gok adoh S? P pre adv

. . .. wingi sore S? P O adv

..... uwes pakpung S? adv . neng gok ngomah S? adv

Subject B : Wahyu ( 2 years 7 months)

No 1. 2.

Token/data Neng ngayas (Make neng ngalas) Maem ne mbah sudi (aku maem go ne mbah sudi) Dewe (aku neng ngomah dewe) Lolo (aku ditinggali duit loro) Uwes (aku uwes jajan) Neng nyomah ( jajane neng ngomah)

Phonological level [ ngys] vs [ngls] [y l] [n] vs [ go n] [go ]

Morphological level {ngayas} vs {ngalas} {ngayas} {ngalas} {ne} vs {go ne} {ne} {go ne}

Syntactic level .. neng ngayas S? P adv .. maem ne mbah sudi S? P pre adv

3. 4. 5. 6.

[dewe] vs true [lolo] vs [loro] [l r] [uwes] vs true [nyomah] vs [ ngomah] [y g]

None {lolo} vs {loro} {lolo} {loro} None {nyomah} vs {ngomah} {nyomah} {ngomah}

. Dewe S? P O adv . . lolo S? P O adv uwes . S? P O .. neng ngomah P Pre adv

Subject C : Yudha (3 years 5 month) No 1. 2. Token/data Uwes (aku uwes maem) Sop Phonological level [uwes] vs true [sop] vs true Morphological level None None Syntactic level . uwes . S? P O . . sop

3. 4. 5. 6.

(aku maem sop) Urung (aku durung adus) Emoh (aku emoh) Neng ngomah (mas fajar neng ngomah ) Goreng tempe ( make lagi goreng tempe)

[u:rung] vs [du: rung] [d ] [emoh] vs true [Neng], [ngomah] vs true [goreng], [tempe] vs true

{u:rung} vs {du:rung} {u:rung} {du:rung} None None None

S? P O .. urung . S? P . emoh O

S? P . . neng ngomah S? P adv . . goreng tempe S? P O

Subject D : Reni (1 year 7 months) No 1. 2. Token/data Make jajan (make aku jajan) Iyok uwit (aku jaluk duit) Phonological level [mak], [jajan] vs true [iyk] vs [jaluk] [j ] [ia] [yl] [u] Morphological level None {iyok} vs {jaluk} {iyok} {jaluk} Syntactic level Make . jajan ij S? P . iyok uwit S? P O

[uwit] vs [du:it] [ud] 3. Jajan uwak yeye (aku arep jajan iwak lele) [yy] vs [ll] [y l] [wu] [uwak] vs [iwak] [u i]

{uwit} vs {duit} {uwit} {duit} {uwak} vs {iwak} {uwak} {iwak} {yeye} vs {lele} {yeye} {lele} . jajan uwak yeye S? P O

After the writer analyzes the data, the writer knows that difference age make influence in children language. The younger children have many mistakes when they produce utterance. They have little vocabulary. The older children can produce correctly. Because they have many vocabularies and they always hear from the other people in their environment. In phonological, there is no mistake from the older, for example neng ngomah. But the younger still have mistaken when they pronoun, for example uwak yeye the correct is iwak lele. The first children learn from their parents, then the parents will correct if they make a mistake when they pronoun. After children know with their friends, they will get many vocabularies when they play together. They can learn in with friends in their environment. They listen what people say around them, then they try to say the word. They have difficult when they say the word that they hear for the first time. It because they still young and their age is very young. The older children have good pronoun. It is because they have more vocabulary. They usually talk with their friends, so they learn with their friends in their environment. The writer analyzed four children. Most of them use Javanese language, because they live in Javanese environment. Their parents teach them use Javanese language not Indonesian language. They will get Indonesian language when they school.

D. Conclusion

Based on the data, the writer have conclusion. They are:

1. The younger children have many mistakes when the say the word or something, it because their age still young and

their knowledge is limit.

2. The older children have good pronoun, because they have more vocabulary and they to try correct the word when

they say after they know.

3. The children learn to say something with other in their environment. Their parents always correct when they made a

mistake.

People usually correct the wrong word from the children when people around them. Then the children will repeat what people say. The children always learn to say correctly, so they will speak clearly.

E. Source

www.eva.mpg.de/phyhco/child-language-aquisition.php

Ghozali,Imam. 2012. Slide show psycholinguistic. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa