SPREADSHEET PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THE

pH - COAGULANT DOSAGE RELATIONSHIP

Project :
Date :

EXAMPLE

Coagulant:

05/02/13

Alum

1. INPUT: INSERT INPUT IN DOUBLE-LINED CELLS

Raw Water Characteristics
Initial
pH

Specific
Conductance
(mho/cm)

Temp.
(C )

Alkalinity
(mg/L as
CaCO3)

8.2

100

20

100

Commercial Coagulant Solution Characteristics

Basicity
(%)

Sulfuric Acid
(%)

Metal
Content
(%)
4.3

Coagulant
Soln. Specific
Gravity
1.33

Type of Coagulant (For Fe put 0 in cell, for Al put 1)

Use the following concentration (mg metal per microlit

to determine the required volume when adding
commercial strength coagulant with a microdispenser
mg metal/L
0.0572
1

Calculated Effective Acid Content (EAC) of the Coagulant Solution

0.111

(meq/mg Al)

Flowrate of Water to be Treated

Flowrate (gallons per minute)
694

Target
pH
8.20
8.10
8.00
7.90
7.80
7.70
7.60

1 MGD = 694 gpm

<-----------------INITIAL pH
(1)
Enter interval between pH values, e.g., 0.1 units
(2)
0.1
(3)
Closed System pH (no exchange of CO2 with atmosphere)
(4)
(5)
8.5
(6)
8.0

(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)

8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
pH

7.50
7.40
7.30
7.20
7.10
7.00
6.90
6.80
6.70
6.60
6.50
6.40
6.30
6.20

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
0

Coagulant dosage (mg metal/L)

2. OUTPUT
Table 1: Coagulant Concentration in Treated Water and Coagulant Solution Feedrate
Target
pH
-------------8.20
8.10
8.00
7.90
7.80
7.70
7.60
7.50
7.40
7.30
7.20
7.10
7.00
6.90
6.80
6.70
6.60
6.50
6.40
6.30
6.20

Coagulant
Solution
Concentration
Feedrate
(meq/L)
(mg metal/L)
(mM)
(gal/min) (gal/MG)
------------------ ------------------------- -------------- -------------- --------------0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0
0.011
0.097
0.004
0.001
1.7
0.023
0.207
0.008
0.003
3.6
0.037
0.334
0.012
0.004
5.8
0.054
0.484
0.018
0.006
8.5
0.074
0.664
0.025
0.008
11.6
0.098
0.882
0.033
0.011
15.4
0.127
1.144
0.042
0.014
20.0
0.162
1.461
0.054
0.018
25.5
0.205
1.841
0.068
0.022
32.2
0.255
2.294
0.085
0.028
40.1
0.314
2.828
0.105
0.034
49.5
0.383
3.451
0.128
0.042
60.3
0.463
4.165
0.154
0.051
72.8
0.552
4.970
0.184
0.060
86.9
0.651
5.858
0.217
0.071
102.4
0.758
6.819
0.253
0.083
119.2
0.870
7.831
0.290
0.095
136.9
0.986
8.872
0.329
0.108
155.1
1.102
9.914
0.367
0.120
173.4
1.215
10.931
0.405
0.133
191.1

Table 2: Volume of Coagulant Solution

Operational period of:

Target
pH
------------------8.20
8.10
8.00
7.90
7.80
7.70
7.60
7.50
7.40
7.30
7.20
7.10
7.00
6.90
6.80
6.70
6.60
6.50
6.40
6.30
6.20

30

Volume in
Liters
------------------------0
193
411
663
961
1,318
1,749
2,270
2,899
3,653
4,552
5,612
6,847
8,264
9,861
11,624
13,530
15,539
17,604
19,672
21,690

days
Volume in
Gallons
-------------0.0
51.0
108.5
175.1
253.9
348.3
462.2
599.8
765.8
965.1
1,202.6
1,482.8
1,809.1
2,183.4
2,605.2
3,071.2
3,574.6
4,105.4
4,651.0
5,197.5
5,730.6

3. INTERMEDIATE OUTPUT - CHEMISTRY RESULTS

TABLES WITH HYDROGEN ION ACTIVITY {H+}, ESTIMATED IONIC STRENGTH (I),
ACTIVITY COEF. (R), HYDROGEN ION MOLAR CONCENTRATION [H+],
EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS (Kw, Ka1, Ka2), IONIZATION FRACTIONS (a1, a2), INITIAL
INORGANIC CARBON CONC. (CT), AND ACID CONCENTRATION NEEDED
TO REACH EACH TARGET pH.
+

{H+}

[H ]
Kw
I
R
-------------- ------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- -------------6.31E-09
0.0016
0.916
6.89E-09
6.76E-15
-------------- ------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- -------------Ka1

Ka2

CT (M)
a1
a2
-------------- ------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- -------------4.03E-07
4.19E-11
0.9782
0.0065
2.02E-03
-------------- ------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- -------------Acid
New Alk. Required

Acid
Required
(mg/L as

New {H }
-------------6.31E-09
7.94E-09
1.00E-08
1.26E-08
1.58E-08
2.00E-08
2.51E-08
3.16E-08
3.98E-08
5.01E-08
6.31E-08
7.94E-08
1.00E-07
1.26E-07
1.58E-07
2.00E-07
2.51E-07
3.16E-07
3.98E-07
5.01E-07
6.31E-07

New [H ]

CaCO3)
New a1
New a2
(eq/L)
(meq/L)
------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- -------------- -------------- --------------6.89E-09
0.9782
0.0065
2.00E-03
0.000
0.00
8.67E-09
0.9756
0.0051
1.99E-03
0.011
0.54
1.09E-08
0.9718
0.0041
1.98E-03
0.023
1.15
1.37E-08
0.9666
0.0032
1.96E-03
0.037
1.86
1.73E-08
0.9597
0.0025
1.95E-03
0.054
2.69
2.18E-08
0.9509
0.0020
1.93E-03
0.074
3.69
2.74E-08
0.9398
0.0016
1.90E-03
0.098
4.90
3.45E-08
0.9261
0.0012
1.87E-03
0.127
6.36
4.35E-08
0.9092
0.0010
1.84E-03
0.162
8.12
5.47E-08
0.8887
0.0007
1.80E-03
0.205
10.23
6.89E-08
0.8641
0.0006
1.75E-03
0.255
12.74
8.67E-08
0.8350
0.0004
1.69E-03
0.314
15.71
1.09E-07
0.8009
0.0003
1.62E-03
0.383
19.17
1.37E-07
0.7617
0.0003
1.54E-03
0.463
23.14
1.73E-07
0.7176
0.0002
1.45E-03
0.552
27.61
2.18E-07
0.6687
0.0001
1.35E-03
0.651
32.55
2.74E-07
0.6159
0.0001
1.24E-03
0.758
37.88
3.45E-07
0.5602
0.0001
1.13E-03
0.870
43.51
4.35E-07
0.5030
0.0001
1.01E-03
0.986
49.29
5.47E-07
0.4456
0.0000
8.98E-04
1.102
55.08
6.89E-07
0.3897
0.0000
7.85E-04
1.215
60.73

entration (mg metal per microliter)

red volume when adding
oagulant with a microdispenser
0.0572

with atmosphere)

10

12

sage (mg metal/L)

on Feedrate

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