Chapter 6

Isometric Projection Drawing

DZULKIFLI AWANG, PHD

Content
Overview
Pictorial projection Parallel projection Axonometric projection

Isometric projection
Axes and selection Isometric lines and planes Isometric scale Isometric projection & Isometric drawing

Producing Isometric sketches & drawing

Isometric lines & non-isometric lines Circles and arcs Irregular curves

Oblique projection drawing

3.1 Pictorial projection

Pictorial projection:
Not intended to give exact or true view. Not intended to transmit dimensions, although sometimes dimension is useful. Useful when the information and instructions to be given to nontechnical and untrained people. Hidden lines are not shown in isometric drawing.

3.1 Parallel projection technique

3.1 Axonometric projection

axon = axis; metric = measure, in Greek Axonometric projection is a parallel projection technique to create a pictorial drawing of an object by rotating the object on an axis relative to a projection or picture plane

3.1 Axonometric projection

Axonometric projection
Trimetric Dimetric Isometric

Axonometric Projections

3.1 Axonometric projection

3.2 Isometric projection

Isometric projection is a true representation of the isometric view of an object Isometric view is created by rotating the object 45 degree about vertical axis, and tilting it forward 35 deg 16

3.2 Isometric projection: axes

The 3 axis meet at A,B form equal angles of 120 deg and they are called Isometric Axes OA is vertical, OB is inclined at 30deg to the right, OC is inclined at 30deg to the left Any lines parallel to these Isometric Line Any planes parallel Isometric Planes

Selection of Isometric Axes

Main purpose of isometric view is to provide a pictorial view which reveals as much detail as possible Selection of principal edges is important Figure shows different isometric views of the same block

Isometric projection: scale

The tilt causes the edges & planes to become foreshortened The projected length is approximately 80% of the true length

Isometric projection & drawing

Isometric projection & Isometric drawing
Isometric projection: drawn at scale of 0.816 Isometric drawing: drawn at full scale

Isometric Projection vs. Sketch

Isometric projections are foreshortened because the object is tipped with respect to the viewing plane. Isometric sketches are not usually foreshortened because they still appear proportionate when showing the dimensions full size along isometric axis lines. It is easier just to sketch the full dimension.

Iso-lines & Iso-planes: examples

Non-isometric lines
Non-isometric lines are the lines that are not parallel to any of the iso-lines. They are drawn by transferring the distance of X or Y from multi-view to iso-view, not the actual length itself.

L is orthogonal not equal to L in isometric

Isometric angles & non-iso lines

Example of producing non-isometric lines. The position of point Z is obtained in the isometric view, by transferring the distance of X and Y.

Inclined Surfaces in Isometric

Inclined surfaces can not be measured along inclined lines in an isometric sketch. To locate inclined surfaces you must make measurements along the isometric axis lines.

Producing Isometric drawingInclined Surfaces in Isometric

Circles in Isometric
Circles appear as ellispses when drawn in an isometric sketch. To sketch an isometric circle, locate the center and then sketch the box that would enclose the circular shape. Draw the ellispse tangent to the lines of the box.

Iso-circles and arcs

Isometric circles or iso-circle cannot be simply drawn using compass. Any iso-circle may lie on either top plane, left (front) plane or right (profile) plane. Iso-circle looks slightly oval and skewed.

Ellipses can be in any plane

Producing isometric circle

Draw centre lines AOB and COD, O is centre of circle, AO=OB=CO=OD = radius of circle. Draw FCG and EDH parallel to AOB, draw FAE and GBH parallel to COD. Draw diagonal FOH, mark points J and K where FJ = HK = radius of circle. With centre G and rad. R1 = GA, draw an arc between GJ produced at L and GK produced at M. Similarly with centre E. With centres J and K and radius R2 = JL and KM, complete the figure.

Iso-circles and arcs:

Drawing isometric circles and arcs using four-centre method

Drawing iso-circles
5 2 1
6

4
To draw an iso-circle, on left plane, Diameter 20mm

(a) 5 2 5

(b)

(c)

7 (a) Draw centre lines, vertical & 30deg to left. (b) Draw (construction line) 6 8 4 20mm square box. (e) The centre lines should (d) divide each side by half. (c) Draw straight lines; 1-2 & 1-3 and 2-5 & 2-6. (d) Point 7 is the intersection between line 1-2 & 2-5, and similarly point 8, 1-3 & 2-6 on the other side. (e) Set your compass to the distance 7-2, draw an arc with centre at point 7, from point 2 to point 5. Do the same on the other side. (f) Set your compass to the distance 1-2, draw an arc with centre (1), from (2) to (3).

(f)

Iso-circles and arcs:

Drawing isometric circles using ordinate method.

Drawing isometric circles using ordinate method.

Arcs in Isometric Sketches

Arcs are usually sketched by locating their centers and then boxing in the enclosing parallelogram. Sketch the arc tangent to the enclosing box, which is drawn along isometric lines.

3.3 Irregular curves in isometric

Irregular curves in isometric are produced by transferring the coordinates from orthogonal view. A fixed distance is set, A, and the distance in B direction are obtained. These values are then transferred to the isometric view.

3.4 Producing Isometric Drawing

Producing Isometric drawing

Read the orthogonal drawing carefully, observe the scale, choose the best point where isometric axes meet to reveal as much detail as possible draw an 'isometric box' enclosing the object draw in light construction lines draw arc & curves in thick, remove excess.. line in 30 right lines line in 30 left lines line in vertical lines to complete the view

Producing Isometric drawing

Read multi-view dwg given. Observe scale, dimension, proj. angle Determine front, side & top view. Try to visualise how the object looks like. Start with sketching, do not draw straight away. If not sure, start with sketching an isometric box, enclosing the whole object. You can label points, lines and surfaces on multi-view to help visualisation.

Producing Isometric drawing

You can start drawing, once youre able to visualise how the object looks like, or finish sketching. Start with drawing construction line draw the iso-box, and fill up with other lines. Line in (darken) arcs & circles. Line in iso-lines. Line in all other lines.

Isometric dimensions Although isometric drawing is not intended to transmit dimension, sometimes dimensions are placed to indicate the size. Two types:

Hidden Lines
Hidden lines are not usually shown in isometric sketches unless they are needed to show a feature that would be unclear. Usually the orientation for the isometric drawing should be chosen so that hidden lines arent needed.
Holes are assumed to go completely through the object unless their depth is indicated with a note or with hidden lines.

Isometric features
Common feature shown in isometric drawing.
Screw thread (external) Fillet and rounds

Isometric section view

Isometric assembly: 3D render

Isometric exploded assembly

3.5 Oblique projection drawing

Oblique projection parallel projection where the projectors are parallel to each other but not perpendicular to the projection plane

Oblique projection drawing

The actual angle that the projectors make with the plane is not fixed, but preferably between 30deg 60deg Most common 45 degree

Oblique projection drawing

3 types:
Cavalier projection: true length along axis Cabinet projection: half true length General: any from half to full true length

Oblique projection drawing

Place complex surfaces (arcs, holes, irregular curve, etc.) parallel to front plane The longest dimension should be parallel to frontal plane

Producing oblique sketch

First, sketch the front face. Project 45 deg line to the back. For holes, determine the visibility. Line in all object lines.

End of Topic 3 ISOMETRIC

THANK YOU

Step by Step: Isometric Sketching

Isometric Drawing Exercise

Isometric Drawing Exercise

The following presentation will demonstrate how to draw isometric objects using the box method.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

When drafting objects freehand, care must be taken to draw accurately and neatly. Therefore, all lines should be drawn as a single linedo not shade any line.

Single line

Shaded line

Isometric Drawing Exercise

You will use two different lines to sketch objects:

Construction lines are light lines sketched in as you initially draw the object. Drawing lines are dark lines which may be used for the initial drawing or which may be created by neatly darkening a construction line.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

To draw an isometric object using the box method, perform the following steps: Step 1: Draw a box around the object you wish to draw.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 2: Draw a box on your paper, in the same proportions as the box you drew on the object, 1 to 2 times larger than the original box.
Proportional box Original box

Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 3: Look at the front side of the object. Which surface touches the outside of the box?

Step 4: Draw the surface on your box using drawing lines.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 5: Look at the top of the object. Which surface touches the outside of the box?

Step 6: Draw the surface on your box using drawing lines.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 7: Look at the right hand side of the object. Which surface touches the outside of the box?

Step 8: Draw the surface on your box using drawing lines.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 9: Complete the box by drawing in the third lines. You may wish to draw construction lines then neatly cover the construction lines with drawing lines.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

To complete the Isometric Drawing Exercise, return to the Sketching and Freehand Drawing Fundamentals page, open up the Isometric Drawing Exercise page and print a copy of the exercise. Your task will be to draw nine isometric objects freehand, using the box method as demonstrated in this presentation.

Isometric Drawing Exercise

To complete the exercise, you may divide a piece of plain white paper (8 x 11) into four equal quadrants by lightly creasing the paper in half horizontally and also in half vertically. Each object can be sketched into its own quadrant. You will need three pieces of paper to complete the exercise.

The Orthographic Views Sketch

68

The Isometric Grid

69

Box Object

70

Choose and Map a Surface

A Identify the Principal Surface A

71

Map Another Surface

Identify the Inclined Surface B

72

Map Surface

Identify Principal Surface C

73

Map Surface

D Identify Oblique Surface D

74

Map Surface

Identify Principal Surface

75

Map Surface

Identify Principal Surface

76

Map Surface

Identify Principal Surface

77

Notch

Q: What kind of surface has its characteristic shape in 2 views?

Inclined Surface This surface would show up as an edge in the 3rd view

78

Finished Example

79

Producing Isometric Sketches

Isometric drawing starts with isometric sketches. Begin with defining isometric axis. Begin sketch by extending axes vertical lines, 30deg left & right.

6.3 Producing Isometric Sketches

Sketch an isometric box. Sketch the view on each faces, starting with isometric lines. Add in non-iso lines and other details Darken all visible lines.

6.3 Iso-circles and arcs: sketch

Sketching iso-circle is simpler than drawing. Create isometric square, each side=diameter. Find the centre point and midpoints of each side. Use the construction lines and point to sketch each quarter of the circle.

6.3 Sketching isometric cylinder

Start by drawing the bounding box. The front end of the cylinder is sketched using the previous technique. The far end of the cylinder is a partial iso-circle. Sketch until meeting the tangent with the two straight lines.

Sketching an Isometric of a Hollow Pipe

Lect 4

P. 85

Step 1 - Creating the Base Box

Diameter

Diameter

Length

Lect 4

P. 86

Step 2 Ellipse on Front Face

- corner to corner to get center - lines to tangent points Tangent Points Lines to Tangent Points

Lect 4

P. 87

Step 3 Ellipse on Front Face

Sketch in Arcs

Tangent Points

Lect 4

P. 88

Step 4 Ellipse on Back Face Repeat for ellipse on rear face and Profile
Draw Tangent Lines for Profile Complete Visible Part of Back Ellipse

Lect 4

P. 89

Step 5 Ellipse for Hole on Front Face

Create Box for Hole Sketch Ellipse

Lect 4

P. 90

 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ANY QUESTIONS?