Psychology Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

First psychology experiment- Ancient Egypt Is a person born with an innate language?

Approaches
The first field of psychology was structuralism introduced by Wilhelm Wundt. Apply scientific principles to the study of the mind. Examining and measuring your own thoughts and activities. Ex. Place a rock in your hand and describe all the sensations stimulated by the rock. What is blue? The first American psychologist was William James who introduced functionalism. He was interested in the functions of the mind and the goal of our behavior. How our mind allows people to function in the real world. Sir Francis Galton believed our intelligence and good nature are inherited with his inheritable traits theory. Nature vs. Nurture. A group of German psychologists introduced Gestalt psychology. With the belief that, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Our mind seeks out patterns. Gestalt psychology used in therapy also, to focus on the here and now. Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud was a neurologist who studied the mind and he could not find a physical cause so he thought it must be a mental cause. Freud believed people repressed information from problems in their childhood and this information is in your unconscious mind. He wanted to study the unconscious mind and he would do this by dream analysis, hypnosis, free association, and personality tests. Behavioral Psychology was introduced by Skinner and Watson. The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only. Pavlov proved the concept of conditioning by ringing a bell and his dog salivating at the sound of a bell expecting food. Humanistic psychology was introduced by Maslow and Rogers. They believed each person is striving to reach their full potential. Look at the good characteristics of people instead of the negative. Sociocultural psychology is one of the newest fields which studies how ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence our behavior.

Occupations
Clinical- Work in clinics, hospitals, state wards, with people who have major disorders. Counseling- Work with people who are dealing with issues but still have control. Consumer-Help design ads and covers to attract the attention of buyers

Developmental-Study people from infancy to old age to see what changes occur. Educational-Work in schools to help students with ADHD and learning problems. Environmental-Study how our environment impacts our mentality Experimental-Study processes, such as; sensation, perception, learning, and motivation Forensic-Work with police to develop criminal profiles and help with witnesses Health-Study how our health affects our mind and behavior. Industrial/Organizational- Work with blue collar/ white collar employers to motivate. Sports-Work with athletes to help them achieve their full potential.

Research methods
Scientific Method: Question, Hypothesis, Test, Analyze, and Draw Conclusions Survey-Good: Ask a large # of questions to a large # of people. Bad: People lie or misunderstand the question. Case Study-Good: An in-depth study of a person or event Bad: It doesnt prove anything. Observation-Good: You can see the object in its natural environment. Bad: Behavior can change if they know they are being watched.

Problems with research

Single blind experiment: Only the participant is unaware of which treatment being received. Double blind experiment: Both participant and doctor are unaware of which treatment is being received. Placebo effect- A change in a patients health solely based on the patients belief that a treatment will have an effect. Self-fulfilling prophecy- A situation in which a researchers expectations influence their own behavior and thereby influence the participants behavior.

Experiments
Milgram experiment Baby Albert experiment