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Greetings, and thank you for visiting this website authored by Jim (J. E. D.) Cline, a "harmonizer-clarifier" (INFP) type man.
(This is not a commercial site)
This is a dual-use website, both a technical website, and for pictures etc for family and friends, click here to access them.

- ENERGY - RESOURCES - WHOLESOME ENVIRONMENTS - ROOM TO GROW - ADVENTUROUS PEACE - GO FOR IT NOW -
In these pages we can dream of interesting ways we could be going right now towards a fun, abundant future.

Diagram of the system enabled by the "Space Escalator Carousel" or "KESTS to GEO" including enabled space
applications
(From Cline, James E. D. "The Space Carousel's Unique Potentials" presented at the Space Exploration 2005 conference in Albuquerque, NM in 2005:
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/tupsec_j.swf and Space Engineering and Science Institute's 2005 Conference Proceedings, 2005, ISBN-0-9787787-0-7,
pp. 230-239)

The current status:

20080920 - By Jim Cline -

Stimulus: The ongoing crisis in America has been quite preventable; and the ways to solve the problems by creating opportunities have been growing alongside the growing
problems that led to the present state of affairs so grievous for the people of America. One possible major solution's story is written below.

That it no doubt will continue to be ignored, is almost certain; so, this is being written to help alleviate the frustration of this one person, of no doubt many who have put their
creative talents into solving the problems by creating the concepts for solution opportunities, only to see them methodically suppressed. And the fact that this has been
happening, indicates that probably Americans are not yet wise enough to take on these particular harmonious major solutions. Hopefully the following will be interesting enough
to start some new thought paths flowing in the reader.

Background: First, the need for civilization to have abundant energy to power civilization has long been apparent (perhaps even from ancient times when the energy of fire
was used to cook food and provide warmth in cold nights) civilization has progressed as powered by external forms of energy applied to do the work of man, instead of being
limited by the human resources of muscle and bone to do work. The burning of wood in air to provide energy for cooking and warmth and hollowing out tree trunks to form
canoes, expanded to the burning of coal in air to provide even more dense energy that allowed heat for smelting metals and powering steam engines to move rail
transportation systems. The use of animal oils for burning in air to provide light in lamps, was augmented by discovery of fossil fuels oils and natural gas,stored for hundreds
of millions of years under the surface of the earth, and this energy source of petrochemicals burned in air to provide heat to power internal combustion engines for
transportation and drive electric generators to more easily transfer energy to the household and factory points of need along wires.

Electrical energy then became the focus of applied energy that powers civilization; yet electrical energy had to be transformed from other forms of energy such as the burning
of fossil fuels in air. The power of falling river water was harnessed by creek mills and then hydroelectric dams, that provided electrical energy for civilization without the
burning of hydrocarbons in air, so the burning of fuel was not the only way to provide the very useful form of energy called electrical power. And the quest for new sources of
that electrical energy was linked to the potentials for civilization, including perhaps most of all here in America, for growth of prosperity for all. Back in the 1960's when man
was just thinking about going to the Moon for real, a concept was proposed by Peter Glaser - turbogeneration - and Gordon Woodcock - photovoltaic version (see
http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/75SummerStudy/Chapt4.html#SSPS ) that electrical energy could be supplied abundantly and cleanly without
burning hydrocarbon fuels in air, by beaming electrical energy down to receiving antennas on the ground from solar power plants in space; to have that beaming done
motionless these powerplants in space would need to be located in the orbit above the equator known as GEO, Geostationary Earth Orbit, a very special orbit described for
use in communication services by Dr Arthur C. Clarke in the 1940's. The 24 hour a day sunshine received by satellites in GEO (ref "...If this steady, ceaseless flux of solar
energy is tapped its value may be very large. If the Sun's energy is converted with 10 percent efficiency to electrical power which is sold at a rate of $.012/kW-hr, a square
kilometer of space would return more than $14,000,000 each year.... http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/75SummerStudy/Chapt.2.html ) could be
converted into an EMR power beam down precisely to receiving antennas on the surface of the earth anywhere, providing clean electrical power to enable civilization to thrive
without being limited by the limits of burning hydrocarbon fossil fuels in air, which already was being noticed having environmental effects such as eye burning and lung searing
smog in some cities, and acid rain in forests; global warming by the greenhouse gasses of carbon dioxide and methane were not so obvious then, but the contaminants in air
needed for other purposes such as breathing, were apparent. Clean electrical energy put into the worldwide electrical power grids for distribution to points of use, in homes and
factories, was a goal that appeared solvable by putting those Solar Power Satellites, abbreviated "SPS," into GEO.

However, the problem was how to economically lift them up into GEO from the ground, as these would be very immense and massive structures, to gather so much area of
solar energy; far more than the putting up of the relatively very tiny communication satellites into GEO, which was already pushing the limits of man's ability to access GEO
space, since the amount of rocket fuel needed to reach GEO was enormous because of the mechanics of having to lift the weight of the fuel from the ground and the weight
of the tanks and engines needed to lift and hold that fuel, nearly all of which was needed to just lift the weight of the rocket and only a very tiny fraction of the energy was
used to actually lift the communication satellites up into GEO from the ground. And the rockets were not reusable, they were destroyed during the lift process and so new
ones had to be built for each launch. An exceedingly wasteful inefficient technique; but remains the best available currently, due to business inertia of the past two decades.

For communication satellite emplacement purposes, this was economically feasible, but for putting SPS into GEO from the ground, the cost of the rockets and the enormous
fuel energy used was far more than the energy value that would be provided by the SPS in GEO. Although quite an interesting and adventurous concept was elaborately
proposed in the mid 1970's for building the SPS out of materials brought from the Moon and built in rotating wheel cities orbiting the Earth at the Lagrange libration points L-4
and L-5, the building of the components for SPS would be far more convenient if it could be done directly from the ground, as well as having the resulting powerplants orbiting

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in GEO to be conveniently serviced from the ground.

The concept of the Space Elevator had also been proposed starting in the 1960's; many individuals independently thought of by many individuals, including myself circa 1969;
but not widely advertised since some calculation showed that the strength of material needed to support the weight of the mass of its own tether structure was far greater
than any known material known to exist; the Space Elevator would be a continuous rope-like structure which is supported vertically by the rotation of the Earth in its 24 hour
day, the centrifugal force on mass out beyond the distance of GEO would be designed to be slightly greater than the upward centrifugal force to support the weight of the
rope like tether extending between the earth surface to the mass centrifugally pulling out beyond GEO. But again, no material was in sight that could provide that strength to
weight ratio, and so the idea was set aside by each of the independent idea people as impractical for the foreseeable future. (I did find application of the Space Elevator
concept in a different context in 1972, see http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/lunarspaceelevator.html )

Yet the lure of the vision still beckoned, of having abundant SPS in GEO beaming down continuous electrical power derived from solar energy received up there without
day-night or cloudy weather or slant angle, just directly continuously received up there, at seven times the average solar influx compared to an equal area of an average part
of the earth's surface, and converted to energy that passes through clouds and goes directly to special receiving rectifying antennas, abbreviated "rectennas" located floating
offshore or in fields and connected to the electrical power grid by converters into the form of alternating current used by the electrical power grid, usually 50 or 60 Hz,
depending on the convention of the various regions of the world.

Meanwhile, the burgeoning civilization was being powered by the burning of hydrocarbon fuels in air, at an ever increasing rate; and when the rest of the world caught on to the
virtues of a high energy way of life, they too joined in and so the rate of air's oxygen being burned with hydrocarbon fossil fuels to produce unbreathable carbon dioxide plus
contaminants, expanded ever faster; and the effects on the planetary ecosystem became increasingly obvious. Plus, the supply of fossil fuel was not omnipresent and was
always known to be a resource that was not replenishable and would eventually be all used up, was both a worry to the big-picture conceptual design folks, and an
opportunistic means for gaining wealth by a different kind of folks, a wealth that was used to control the opportunities of other folks without their consent, by the way. And
that wealth's selfish use to prevent other rival sources of energy from becoming possible, led to the current chaos in America and spreading abroad. Because, parallel to all
the means for supplying the energy used to augment the muscle power of man from the beginning of civilization, were the businesses of acquiring and providing the
hydrocarbon fuels to the users of the energy, probably beginning with those who went out to gather firewood from the forest litter, to bring back to be used in the campfires
for warmth and cooking; and continues with those who "own" the oil extraction sites and deliver oil to generating plants, all of which demand payment for their services and
consumption of their limited resources of hydrocarbons, such as wood, coal, natural gas and liquid crude oil from the ground, all demand wealth for their providing the energy
sources to the users out in civilization. And, like most businesses, they like to keep things just like they are, bringing in the easy money on and on, don't let any other rival
energy source horn in on the wealth system. Nuclear power suppliers and their advocates were also among those who did not want their source of income rivaled.

Nothing seemed possible to interfere with the wealth power business empires thus built to provide the means of civilization to power itself, except perhaps the aforementioned
Space Elevator; and that seemed unfeasible due to the aforementioned lack of suitable material from which to make it.

However, there were some efforts to find alternate ways for lifting payloads from the ground into space, beginning in the 1980's. Each had huge flaws but each also provided
potential ways to lift objects without use of rockets. there was the concept of the Launch Loop, proposed by Keith Lofstrom in 1982; the Launch Loop would use the
out-flinging of a belt moving between pulleys, to rise high into the sky, and be useful for reaching the fringes of the atmosphere along its outflung path between two pulleys on
the ground spaced far apart. The limitations of strength of materials and of pulley bearing surfaces needed to make the outflung belt and the pulleys tethered at the bending
points high up in the fringes of the atmosphere maybe 90 miles up, were the problems. Another concept called the "Starbridge" by Rod Hyde of LLNL and described to the L-5
Society-National Space Society space activists in 1984, would have created an electromagnetic fountain vertically, using high velocity magnetic field moving masses going
upward to inductively drag upward to support the weight of an air-excluding tube within which the magnetic object traveled up and down at high velocity, the energy would be
replenished by a u-shaped structure underground that turned around the high velocity masses when they came back down, sped them up with electromagnetic accelerators
and threw them back up again, their energy replenished by the accelerators; the tub structure was there for climbing up upon, and the upward moving electromagnetic energy
mass kinetic energy was there for also dragging along vehicles carrying payload. Rod Hyde had calculated that by just using the electrical energy equivalent to that used by the
City of Los Angeles, in two weeks the starbridge could lift the combined mass of every human on earth up into space in two weeks. However, there was no place for people
to go to stay 90 miles up in the fringes of the atmosphere, and the bending of the tube due to the rotation of the earth became increasingly a problem for the free-trajectory
high velocity mass streams inside the tube. However, if such a kinetic energy supported structure could be built somewhere on the Earth's equator and be made tall enough to
reach GEO, it seemed to have some potential for use in lifting the materials for building SPS in GEO to supply the world's electrical power needs. In 1985 briefly another
concept was proposed by Earl Smith, that of use of a continuous iron band extending from Texas up around the eccentrically encircling the planet to rejoin itself there in
Texas (why Texas I don't know but it was the undoing of the concept) moving at orbital trajectory velocity all along the way, and folding like an accordion as some of its
upward kinetic energy was lost to gravitational energy as it rose, and when past its high point would gradually unfold as it increased its velocity as gravitational energy was
returned to it as it headed back to the ground. However, the orbital mechanics are not viable for an orbital trajectory from a point not on the equator when the goal is GEO,
which is also on the equatorial plane of the earth, so earl Smith's concept, called "The Texas and Universe Railroad" quickly slipped into obscurity. each of these concepts -
the Launch Loop, the Starbridge, and the Texas Universe Railroad - seemed to me to have potential for stimulating related ways to build transportation structures to deliver
materials for building SPS in GEO, and I testified in their behalf to the National Commission on Space when they invited opinions of the public in 1985 (see
http://www.escalatorhi.com/GenieFilesH/gesp475.html ).

The turning point: The concepts were not mentioned, however, in the resulting NCS resulting report, however, and eventually I set out as a hobby personal endeavor to
find potentially viable ways to use stored kinetic energy in a structure to build a structure that could reach GEO from the ground, and lift materials up for building SPS in
GEO along itself economically. And in 1988 the idea came, of how to combine energy and transportation into a structure that would eccentrically encircle the planet,
connecting to the ground at its low point and reaching GEO at its high point, enabling materials lifted along itself into GEO orbit where it would stay without use of rockets to
do so; the structure seemed to also have potential for delivering energy kinetically along its downward path to be extracted at the ground terminal, so the beamed radio energy
technique would not be necessary to deliver solar-derived power to the ground. It would have to be connected only at the equator, however; although there seemed some
potential to build leaning structures that met at GEO, connected to mirroring points on the ground, such as between Maine in the USA for the north terminal and Argentina on
the south side; but that seemed more difficult for starters, so the equatorial sited ground terminal mode seemed much less complicated. My early college thrust to become a
physicist, combined with my career in electronics development, continued to mull over the basic idea. I put my insights on the one computer network I was able to connect
with - I always lived on the edge of poverty and had comparable resources - which was called the General Electric Information Network, "GEnie," which I had free
membership in use of its "Spaceport Space and Science Library" in courtesy of my membership in the National Space Society, which was a modem-linked computer network
library into which I eagerly put each new inspiration I had for building and utilizing such transportation structures, using my second-hand 300 baud modem hooked up to my
long obsolete Adam Coleco computer - which did the job anyway. ( reference my online copies of many of these files at
http://www.escalatorhi.com/GenieFilesH/geniesplistindex.html ) Another effort was opportunistically using my volunteer job at a magazine, getting my concept published as a
meditative vision (see Cline, J.E. David, “Treehouse Haven”, Meditation Magazine, 1989.)

The GEnie network was abandoned in the late 1990's, however, after the internet became available to the public, the internet being a vastly more expansive linking network
than such small networks as GEnie, Compuserve, and AOL; why GEnie was not incorporated into the internet, I don't know, but it vanished. fortunately i had been able to
save copies of my files I had put on GEnie network, and many of them are available at the aforementioned URL.

Meanwhile I continued to develop the details of my concept and made other attempts to communicate their tremendous potentials for lifting materials for building SPS into
GEO as well as building other facilities in GEO that had occurred to me as being of potentially great usefulness. I wrote the concepts up and submitted them to the RAND
project, along with my other concepts I had created by then, for example. I joined the Space studies Institute and in 1995 presented my first published technical paper, that
one on my Centristation concept for using teleoperated reusable launch vehicles to lift space station modules made of sections of pre-fitted modules built to serve as their own
fuel tanks during launch; they would be teleoperated docked to prior modules in Low earth Orbit, and eventually the mile-diameter wheel like structure of linked modules and a
hub structure would be completed into a circle up there, ready for the first humans to come up to finish making it habitable and to spin it up (reference my writings at
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/centristation.html and my science fiction novel including building such a structure "Building Up" at
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/building%20up.html starting in Chapter 4) (In 1996 I was able to finally connect to the internet via my first Macintosh computer and the
earthlink.net network, which hosted my first pages on the subject in their free web pages, see http://home.earthlink.net/~jedcline/ for how these web pages evolved from 1996
to 2005.

Meanwhile I had established my website http://www.kestsgeo.com/ which had up to 100 MB of room for my concept expansion; and later also my website
http://www.escalatorhi.com/ in which I continue to put as much of my thinking into this and other space transportation and utilization concepts I have created and expanded
upon, along with other aspects of possible interest even to friends and family, as I reach into my senior years and clearly nothing is going to happen physically on my concepts
while I am still alive; I do my best to preserve my creations to perhaps still help the future of civilization; plenty of room for my writings there on escalatorhi.com, just limited
by my ability to create web pages, now at age 72.)

And in 1997 at Princeton Space Studies Institute's space conference at Princeton I formally presented my concept for the structure to lift materials from the ground up to
GEO via a kinetically supported transportations structure build=t as a hoop around the planet, see my ill-fated paper at
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/mypaper1997ssi.html which was rejected for publication by the SSi folks who were still in shock at the early death of their great founder
Dr Gerard O'Neil yet they were carrying on the vision of building space colonies in L-5 to build SPS out of lunar raw materials; my concept would have eliminated the need for
their vision, in their specific format anyway, no wonder they rejected it. However, I did not understand those considerations at the time, I thought their goal was to enable man
to get into space in a bit way and to provide the abundant solar electric power via SPS in GEO along the way, which my concept too had those goals, just a different way of
doing it well, people-systems were not my intense focus as yet, and that was a crushing blow to me a the time, and to my mother who had put up the money to enable my
trip and presentation at Princeton; she gave up and passed away not long after that, I apparently a failure, her only child.

The goal of providing economical space access eventually revived me once again and by 1999 I had another paper on the concept accepted for presentation, this time at the
American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, space conference in 2000 in Albuquerque, new Mexico. And that paper ( Cline, James E. D. “Kinetically Strengthened
Transportation Structures.” Space 2000 Conference Proceedings, ASCE, 2000, 396-402) did get published, finally formally noticed. See
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/space%20escalators.html for a description of this and the subsequent papers on the subject I presented and were published in 2002,
2004 and 2005.

It seemed to me that people were not really getting the idea that it did not really take much energy to put material from the ground up into GEO - their vision no doubt

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clouded by the memory of immense rocket launches now needed to put communication satellites into GEO - by using equations I had struggled to derive for calculating the
work applied to mass in its lift between two levels of a varying gravitational field, originally in my effort to describe my "Mooncable: gravitational-electric Siphon in Space"
anchored Lunar tether balanced across the L-1 Earth-Moon point, for transporting material from the Moon toward the earth, i proposed to NASA in 1972 see
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/lunarspaceelevator.html ) so using essentially the same equations and concepts I showed that in a lossless system, there is only 7.2
KWh of energy given to payload during its lift from ground up into GEO; at a rate of 10 cents per KWh, that is 72 cents to lift a pound up into GEO. (see
http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/workenergy.html , http://home.earthlink.net/~jedcline/ets.html or http://www.kestsgeo.com/pages/workenergy.html ) $0.72 is very
different from the $20,000 currently needed to lift a pound up to GEO via conventional rocket launch! And at anywhere near 72 cents per pound, SPS could be built very
economically up in GEO, thereafter supplying the world's civilization with abundant clean electric energy to power its thriving life cleanly, with no greenhouse gasses being
produced, leaving the remaining petrochemicals for better purposes like fertilizers for agriculture and plastics for making things.

As the years went by I continued to develop the concepts, and eventually had grown from my 1989 version of the vision (see
http://www.kestsgeo.com/pages/geniefiles/g747.html or http://www.escalatorhi.com/GenieFilesH/gesp747.htmlfor my "Hwys to Earth GEO Ring") to a brief technical paper
on the subject written for presentation in a 2005 space conference http://www.escalatorhi.com/carousel1.html ) I had realized that besides the need for clean abundant
electrical energy for the world, there was a growing desperate need for recycling industrial wastes; and with the cheap lift to and from GEO by the transportation structure,
potentially one could build immense mass spectrometers in GEO to use solar energy to turn waste material of almost any kind into a plasma and then sort it out by bending a
constant velocity stream of the plasma around a magnet, each particle would bend differently according to its mass charge ratio and thus each element would be collected in
buckets spaced at appropriate locations around the magnet, thus using solar energy to de-entopy the toxic waste material back into pure materials for return to earth for
reuse - instead of it just becoming toxic waste material polluting the world environment. This seemed to me to be almost as important as the supply of plentiful cheap electric
power around the world.

And while plenty of access then would exist to GEO, might as well build spaceport facilities from which to conduct rocket-propelled space ventures; starting there cheaply
electrically lifted d up into GEO, spacecraft would be assembled there and starting from a point 91% up out of earth's gravitational well, and not having to cope with an
atmosphere for launch and return to earth, space missions to the Moon, Mars and elsewhere could be done on a far larger scale than anything possible using reaction powered
launch from the ground, even nuclear powered rockets from the ground could not match that potential.

And with cheap lift up into GEO, perhaps one or two research versions of the passively shielded rotating cities of 10,00 people in space, originally envisioned for construction
in L-5 in 1975 for example, (see http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/75SummerStudy/Table_of_Contents1.html ) could be build of materials lifted
from the ground, and use sawdust-reinforced water ice for the passive shield mass; if successful, much of subsequent ones could be built of material brought from the moon;
and the 10,000 people to populate each of these rotating cities in GEO, could be lifted up there from the ground at a cost less than a flight across the United states coast to
coast. Expanding on such a concept, if all of GEo were in-filled by such interconnected rotating cities in GEO, there would be room for three times the entire current world
population in each ring of them. So there seemed endless opportunity going in this transportation structure direction on into the far future. And, the technology to build the
transportation structure is but a step away from what is already being done; its complexity level quite analogous to that of a common disk drive in one's computer, with its
synchronous rotating electrical motors and track following systems. (for an entertaining technological poem about the workings of a disk drive which I wrote in 1984 when
working as an electronics design engineer at Shugart, see http://www.escalatorhi.com/JimDabblingH/poetrytech.html ) And for a slide presentation on the subject, several are
on my escalatorhi.com website including http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/carousel_f_wobkgndmod.swf in which one needs to click in the slide somewhere to advance to
the next slide.

All along the way, from my first posts on the GEnie network in 1988 on the subject, I have wondered, why are people not getting excited about this space transportation
concept's vast potentials and making it happen as soon as possible? I still am asking myself that question 20 years later as I watch the current energy and financial crisis
ongoing.

Understanding the people problems thus became another of my focus of attention along the way; grudgingly but necessarily.

The world of people and their activities and motives massively complex in their interactions, but some factors seem to have sifted out of the torrent of stuff. They seem to
boil down to the need to keep business as usual, since change means more work and maybe things will not be as good for oneself afterwards, who knows. A mixture of
lethargy along with power struggles to control as much wealth as possible, a game that seems to obsess some people. And much power and wealth comes nowadays from
control of the supply of hydrocarbons used for energy supply; the vision of people worldwide getting most of their electrical energy needs cheaply and cleanly delivered from
solar sources in GEO likely would have cut into the controllers of oil wealth dreams of everlasting rule of the world. Quite likely such wealthy game playing folks would have
begun the suppression of my concepts while quietly setting up a patent system of critical parts of the structure, so they would be in control of that energy source if it came to
be; that is the way such folks think and act, unfortunately for the rest of us. And the nuclear power folks, the space transportation structure around the earth up to GEO
would have cut into their livelihood plans for building more nuclear power plants and forcing the need for nuclear powered launch vehicles.

I dimly understood these "rival" potentials, but naively did not believe such petty interests could or would block the tremendous benefit to all of civilization, including ultimately
themselves too. But, ah, the power game players have their obsessions about grabbing rule over others through wealth, much as I have my obsessions about finding ways for
mankind to grow into nearby orbital space in my lifetime. Difference is, it is their visions, not mine, that are happening; probably because i did not have interest in the game
playing of power seekers who seem to me to be merely predatory on civilization instead of helping it. And now with every new massive chunk of the future's wealth being
taken out of the nation, such as the billions going into the wars in Iraq to the real estate collapse bank rescues to the major lenders themselves all being "rescued" by liens on
the American people's future, ever less money remains in the system for investing on the space transportation structure, which could have prevented us getting in these
messes. So starting with the first formally published peer-reviewed paper on the subject in 2000 at the ASCE space conference, looking back I can see the game was on; in
2002 my paper was overshadowed by the Space Elevator concept being dragged out of the closet and advertised in a big way, even financed by NASA; much of it seemed to
use mechanisms I had proposed way back in the early 1970's in my Mooncable concept (see http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/lunarspaceelevator.html .) I continued to do
my best to help the situation including pitching in on the Space Elevator concept again (see http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/earthspaceelevator.html and my slide
presentation http://www.escalatorhi.com/techscifi/elevator_carousel_emod.swf .) And quite a messy game it has become as of September 20, 2008, as I write this; whether
or not it was all planned to have the effect of keeping those who control oil to determine the future fate of civilization, it seems to have achieved that effect. I do hope that
the current desperate effort to create the infrastructure to efficiently gather wind, geothermal, wave, tide, and solar power and store it, will be adequate to the task of
powering America adequately.

- by James E D Cline, 20080920.

See UpDates for a list of recent additions and changes to these pages.
Usage Notes:
1. These pages have many linked words between them, making a quick side-trip to get more details about the underlined words easy with a click on the words. Can use your
browser's "back" button to return.
2. Use your browser's "Back" button to go back to the previous page after checking out a linked page.
3. Remember that a page can be accessed directly from the "Page Index" link in box at far upper left of each page; and in same location one can also find the link to go back
to this home page.
4. This website is mostly made using a cute software which automatically generates links between pages, with the curious name of "VoodooPad"

- Ever a Work In Progress - like life itself is -

Copyright © 2008 James E. D. Cline. Permission granted to reproduce providing inclusion of a link back to this site and acknowledgment of the
author and concept designer James E. D. Cline

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