CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTIMS

DEFINITION OF BULLYING

CHARACTERISTICS OF PERPETRATORS

Behaviour that is Aggressive or intended to harm Carried out repeatedly and over time Occurs in an interpersonal relationship where a power imbalance exists

Physically weaker and have few friends Gay, lesbian or bisexual adolescents been victimized by heterosexual peers Overweight and obese adolescents (particularly among girls)

Higher level s of overall conduct problems More likely involved in violence related behaviour ( weapon carrying, frequent fighting) Poor psychosocial (depression)
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BULLYING BEHAVIOUR

TYPES OF BULLYING Direct bullying - e.g : physical and verbal attacks or aggression Indirect bullying (relational bullying) ignoring, gossiping which often rely on third party

ARTICLE 1 : Journal Bullying and peer victimization : Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

CONSEQUENCES FOR VICTIMS : Aspects of :

Psychosocial - increased rates of depression , suicidal ideation , and loneliness Motivation- lower self-esteem ,higher depressive Academic-lower grades, disliking school & absenteeism Increased rates of violence related

General family characteristics low involvement with parents, low parental warmth , low family cohesion , single parent family Childhood experiences- spanking, physical discipline ,inconsistent punishment ,family violence , bullying and/or victimization by siblings, Peer influences Social context neighbourhood safety concerns

INTERVENTIONS

SOCIETY for ADOLESCENT MEDICINE (SAM) supports:

Publicizing school wide rules Training teachers to recognize & halt bullying Holding classroom discussions Implementing curricular activities Meeting individually with bullies, victims ,and their parents Model program

Adults and adolescents are encouraged to prevent bullying behaviour and change the perception that bully is normative Health care providers should be familiar with the characteristics of youth that may be involved in bullying and discussing interventions Community organizations that serve youth and their families should incorporate anti-bullying messages and promote non violent discipline Goal of campaign raise awareness about bullying, prevent and reduce bullying behaviours ,identify appropriate interventions for pre teens, foster links between education ,public health and other partners.

DEFINITION OF BULLYING
Bullying can be physical ,verbal or psychological aggression that occurs repeatedly and is marked by an imbalance of power ,intent to harm , threat of further aggression ,and creation of terror in the victim

ARTICLE 2 : Web Bullying in Schools: Pediatricians Role in Identification and Pevention

PEDIATRICANs ROLE
Detecting potential victims of bullying Identifying patients who may behave as both victims and bullies which is more troubled the pure victims (frequent targets of bullying ,respond aggressively and often bully children who are weaker Alert with the special students/disruptive disorder e.g : mental disabilities , ADHD Take preventive measures Counselling parents about resilience development and other strategies discussed ,assertiveness training. Diagnose as early as possible disorders such as ADHD (focusing on third and fourth groups)

TYPES OF BULLYING
Direct relatively open attack with verbal taunts, name calling, threatening gestures or physical contact Indirect(relational bullying)- takes the form of intentional exclusion from the group .Example: spreading rumours about the victim, ignoring , isolating the targeted child Tend to be more insidious , because it is hard for the teachers and parents to detect , Has higher impact on depression than direct bullying

WARNING SIGNS OF BULLYING

Present recurrent unexplained somatic symptoms Has physical injuries inconsistent with explanation Avoids school or refuses to go to school Abruptly lost interest in school Shows a drop grade Suddenly refuses to take lunch to school Starts stealing parents money Begins to derogatory language when talking about peers Stop talking about peers Becomes sad angry ,or scared after a phone call or email Withdraws from family and school activities

ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING
Pediactricians can review with parents to prevent the children from succumbing to the tactic of bullies by parents should strive to: Teach good social skills at play times during preschool Help develop positive self esteem while in elementary school Build confidence by reinforcing the childs unique strengths and abilities Teach their children to respond assertively to negative peer statements about themselves or others Teach the children Pediatricians can encourage parent to pay more attention to what children are talking casually

SCREENING FOR PROBLEMS WITH BULLYING

Ask general questions in third person.Exmple: asking about popular kids in school Then can probe further by inquiring about friends in school, whether they spend time with friends or alone when recess If a child has a chronic somatic symptom,as usual start from general question,then paediatrician can ask their personal experiences

REFFERAL
Referrral to a paediatric mental health professional for further assessment and intervention is recommended if screening uncovers that the child is being bullied Mental Health Professional will provideassertiveness training emotional counselling Mental Health Professional will engage with the school personnel and help implement solutions that involve the entire school milieu -

Pediatricians can also advise parents to trust their children when they mention being bothered by clasmates

Effects to the victims and bullies: Depression Suicidal thoughts Less likely to finish school Hold down a job

Pediatrics Role: Tell the parents of the patients that bullying can be prevented Suggest the parents to call the principal Give thought to the bullies , and what their lifetime prognosis might be Protecting children from intentional injury Bullying prevention When check up ask about school, friends, when recess what did they do.(important so that the victims and bystanders wont be afraid to speak up Need to be ready to talk to the principal Follow up with the children to make sure the situations get better,and to check their emotional health,and get them help if they need

Definition: Bullying involves repetition ; a child is repeatedly the target of taunts or physical attack -or,in the case of so-called indirect bullying (most common among girls) ARTICLE 3 : NEWS AT LAST FACING DOWN BULLIES ( AND THEIR ENABLERS )

INTERVENTION AT SCHOOL: Anti bullying program in school the school needs to survey the children and find out details Structural change can ddress those vulnerable places- the out sight of corner playground ,entrance hallway at dismissal time Activating the bystanders changing the culture of the school ; through class discussions, parent meeting and consistent responses to every incident

WHAT IS BULLYING? Behaviour that is Aggressive or intended to harm Carried out repeatedly and over time Occurs in an interpersonal relationship where a power imbalance exists

BULLYING IN SCHOOL

INTERVENTIIONS AT SCHOOL Publicizing school wide rules Training teachers to recognize & halt bullying Holding classroom discussions Implementing curricular activities Meeting individually with bullies, victims ,and their parents Model program

SIGNS OF BULLYING TYPES OF BULLYING.

Direct relatively open attack with verbal taunts, name calling, threatening gestures or physical contact Indirect(relational bullying)- takes the form of intentional exclusion from the group .
Present recurrent unexplained somatic symptoms Has physical injuries inconsistent with explanation Avoids school or refuses to go to school Abruptly lost interest in school Shows a drop grade Suddenly refuses to take lunch to school Starts stealing parents money Begins to derogatory language when talking about peers Stop talking about peers Becomes sad angry ,or scared after a phone call or email

EFFECTS TO THE BULLIES AND VICTIMS Depression Suicidal thoughts Less likely to finish school Hold down a job
.

Intervention by pediatrics SCREENING FOR PROBLEMS WITH BULLYING REFFERAL ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING