Intrebare "CONLINEBILL 2000" standard form has 3 boxes markes with (*).

By filling in those boxes A "clean" bill of lading is a A bareboat chartered ship is employed on a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter. Which of the below is the party res A bill of lading can accomplish his fuction of document of title if the carrier A bill of lading function as a receipt of the freight if A bill of lading issued "to order", without naming any other person or firm, has to be first indorsed by: A cargo can be considered delivered A charter-party is a document setting down rights and obligations of A loaded bulk carrier receives a call for assisance from a vessel that has suffered a major engine breakdown in mid Atlantic. W A loading or discharging port for a vessel employed on a voyage charter must be a safe port A master had inspected a parcel of iron rods in coils and found some rusty. Nonetheless, he negligently failed to instruct the the A notice of readiness indicating that the vessel will be ready to load in 2 hours from the moment it is tendered: A ship employed by a port charterparty can be considered an arrived ship: A ship employed on a berth charterparty can be considered an arrived ship: A ship has discharged a cargo of coal and is about to sail. If the shipowners are still owed freight, how can their lien on the carg A ship has on board two cargoes covered by two different charterparties and one of them is overstowing the other. On arrival a A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended be A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended be A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended be A ship needs some urgent spare parts and require help from a ship belonging to the same shipowner which is in the same regi A ship was due to load at two very sentitive cargoes: onion and chocolate, and due to limited space in holds she loaded both ca A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load ""min/max 10,000/11000 mts steel plates". Under th A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct molchop". Under thes A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct moloo". Under these A ship with cargo on board is drifting without engine power in mid ocean and master is requesting towage. Would this action be A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 32,800 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no cargo is available. Under th A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 35,000 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no further cargo is available. U A shipowner pay his expenses in EUROs and he enters into a time charter agreement with hire payable in USD. When do you A through bill of lading is A time charter for one single voyage is known as A valid notice of readiness is clearly mentioning that A veesel is employed to load a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port and that berth is not free on vessels arrival. If charterpart A veesel is entitled to tender NOR if: A vessel employed into a time charter contract is considered off-hire if A vessel employed on condition SSHEX EIU, arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening and laytime starts as from Monday A vessel employed to load 5000 metric tons steel plates 5 % molchop is described in a charter-party as having a DWCC of 525 A vessel is employed for loading a cargo from "one safe port Galatzi" and due to congestion port authorities order the vessel to A vessel is employed for loading, under the same charterparty, from two ports for discharging at three ports. If the charperparty A vessel is employed on a lumpsum basis and due to an excepted peril one third of the cargo is lost during the voyage. What is A vessel is employed under a voyage charter which clearly stipulates that only clean cargo is to be loaded. On arrival at loading A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time f A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time f A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 12000 metric tons and after com A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons and after com A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons and after com A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers slip A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers slip Abrevierea "1 GSPB AAAA" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire inseamna: According to Hague rules the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goo According to Hague rules"ship" means According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to deviate from the usual route

According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to According to Hamburg rules the carrier is able to limit his liability for delay in delivery of the cargo According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to carry cargo on deck According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to According to Hamburg rules, the signature on the bill of lading may be: According to VOYLAYRULES 93 "clear days" shall mean According to VOYLAYRULES 93 despatch for all time saved should mean that According to Voylayrules 93 the word "Demurrage" shall mean According to Voylayrules93 "reversible laytime" shall mean According to VOYLAYRULES93 "weather working days" shall mean According to VOYLAYRULES93 "working days, weather permiting" shall mean According with Cancelling Clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the owners anticipate that, despite the exercise of due di According with Cancelling clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the vessel not be ready to load (whether in berth or not) o According with deviation clause from GENCON 94 the vessel According with Gencon 94 standard form laytime shall commence According with Gencon 94 standard form the cargo shall be brought into holds, loaded, stowed and/or trimmed, tallied, lashed a According with Gencon 94 standard form the freight is paybale on According with Gencon 94 standard form, if the charterers do not reply within 48 runnig hours after the receipt of owners notice According with Hague Rules definition of "goods" includes ? According with Lien clause from Gencon 94 standard form the owners shall have a lien on cargo and on all subfreights payable According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "berth" shall mean According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "port" shall mean Acording to Hague Rules, the carrier is discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage to the cargo Acording to Hamburg rules, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability if it is proved that the loss, damage Acording with common law a vessel is seaworthy if she is Acreditivul se defineste ca: After one of the set of original bills of lading is presented to the master and delivery is made in exchange of this bill, what happe Although at common law oral Notice of Readiness is acceptable, almost always the charterparty privides for tendering NOR in w Andosarea unui conosament se poate face: Are the shipowners of a time chartered vessel entitled to put lien on a cargo carried by the vessel under a voyage charter for no Are the vessels required by law to be H&M or P&I insured? Armatorul este indreptatit sa primeasca navlu fara deduceri daca As a general rule, damages resulting from a collision between two ships are covered: As a general rule, the bill of lading has to be issued to Assessment of premium for a H&M insurance can iniatially be divided into below distinct two elements Assuming that a Notice of Readiness is accepted by a charterer or his agent, when will laytime commence if caharterparty cont Atunci cind intr-un contract de navlosire se inscrie cuvintul about cu privire la viteza navei: Atunci cind se vorbeste despre " starea si conditia aparenta" a marfurilor Banca nu accepta plata unui conosament care se prezinta la incasare mai tarziu de : Bancile accepta la plata conosamentele care mentioneaza ca "navlul a fost platit anticipat" ? Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are inscris un alt loc de preluare a marfurilor decat portul de incarcare ? Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are mentionat ca expeditor o alta persoana decat beneficiarul acreditivului ? Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are o data de emitere posterioara datei de valabilitate stipulata in acreditiv ? Based on how the box "consignee" of a bill of lading is filled in, bills of lading can be classified as: Before proceeding on a voyage, the master of a time chartered vessel decides to disregard charterers orders as to the specific Bunurile fungibile sunt acele bunuri care: By including a demurrage clause in a charterparty Can a time charterer have a master dismissed? Can there be General Average where a time chartered ship is in ballast? Can there be General Average where a voyage chartered ship is in ballast? Cand decade carausul din dreptul la limitarea raspunderii conform rregulilor de la Hamburg : Cand este indreptatit armatorul sa retraga o nava din "BARE BOAT"?

Cand este preferata modalitatea de plata prin credit documentar fata de incaso documentar? Cand o nava este in "time charter" si navlositorul este nemultumit de prestatia comandantului poate sa: Cand se admit "scrisori de garantie" in legatura cu cantitatea si/sau starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor incarcate? Cand se aplica Regulile York-Anvers? Cand se considera o nava sosita? Cand se poate exercita de catre armator "dreptul de retentie" pe marfa pentru neplata chiriei pentru o nava in "time-charter"? Cand sunt necesare operatiuni de amarare, asigurare, fardare, cine suporta costul lor in transportul de linie? Cand trebuie sa se semneze la nava ordinul de incarcare? Caracterul de extraneitate al unui contract de vanzare internationala este dat de: Care a fost solutia adoptata pentru a depasi o parte din problemele ce pot aparea din amendarea clauzelor standard: Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX? Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX? Care din urmatoarele afirmatii sunt corecte? Care din urmatoarele aspecte trebuie sa faca parte din clauza de determinare a cantitatii de marfa intr-un contract de vanzare c Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de armator in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp? Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de navlositor in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp? Care din urmatoarele clauze pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaj? Care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare se folosesc foarte des in transportul maritim? Care din urmatoarele grupe de nave poate fi considerata ca fiind Panamax? Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor fixe? Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in stalii nedefinite? Care din urmatoarele obligatii ale armatorului pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire: Care din urmatoarele riscuri formeaza obiectul asigurarii P&I: Care dintre urmatoarele afirmatii este in discordanta cu prevederile Institute Waranties Limits? Care dintre urmatoarele lucruri trebuie sa le faca un comandant care considera ca nava sa este apta de a incarca o anumita m Care dintre urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor determinabile? Care dintre urmatoarele particularitati poate fi considerata ca fiind o particularitate a transportului maritim de linie Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Care este al cincilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Care este al doilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Care este al treilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Care este continutul dosarului de avarie comuna ? Care este diferenta dintre conditiile de livrare FOB si CIF din punct de vedere al momentului in care riscurile trec de la vanzator Care este diferenta intre un conosament si un "MULTIDOC"? Care este documentul utilizat in contractul multimodal care indeplineste functiile conosamentului Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzual in contractele de navlosire "SHEX"? Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "EIU"? Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "SHINC"? Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "UU"? Care este intelesul clauzei "rye terms" cu privire la calitatea marfii? Care este intelesul clauzei "sound delivered" cu privire la calitatea marfii? Care este intelesul clauzei "tel quel" cu privire la calitatea marfii? Care este intelesul cuvantului about in cazul in care se foloseste la inscrierea in contract a capacitatii de incarcare a navei sau Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wibon"? Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "wiccon"? Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wifpon"? Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wipon"? Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt in contul navlositorului?

Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei in care costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare este in contul armatorului? Care este modalitatea de plata a chiriei pentru o nava in time/charter? Care este momentul inceperii staliilor potrivit clauzei "Timpul de stalii" din contractul GENCON 1994 ? Care este norma de incarcare in transportul cu navele de linie? Care este numele de cod pentru contractele de inchiriere a navei nude? Care este particularitatea conosamentului "CONLINEBILL 2000"? Care este primul caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Care este principala caracteristica a unui TIME/CHARTER? Care este procedura de indeplinit la neplata chiriei? Care este procedura pe care o indeplineste armatorul unei nave in "time-charter" cand navlositorul nu plateste chiria stabilita pr Care este regimul juridic al cuvintelor radiate ale unui contract de navlosire? Care este relatia intre continutul conosamentului si prevederile acreditivului? Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 0/0 Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 1/1? Care este semnificatia clauzei CIF? Care este semnificatia clauzei LINNER TERMS intalnita in contractele de navlosire? Care este semnificatia clauzelor FIO, FIOS, FIOT dintr-un Ch/P? Care este semnificatia expresiei "indiferent daca este in dana sau nu" (WHETHER IN BERTH OR NOT)? Care este semnificatia expresiei "stalii reversibile"? Care este semnificatia expresiei "to average laytime"? Care este socotita "regula de aur" a comertului international pe mare? Care reguli reglementeaza avaria comuna? Care sint expresiile referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare, descarcare si stivuire care se regasesc intr-un contract de n Care sint obiectivele asigurarii P & I ? Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte de inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ? Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte si la inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ? Care sint uzantele uniforme internationale referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilor in contractul comercial de vinzare intern Care sunt caracteristicile avariei particulare? Care sunt cele mai uzuale clauze inserate in conosament cu privire la plata navlului? Care sunt cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca ambalajul marfii? Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza raspunderea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"? Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza responsabilitatile armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOU Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament, care limiteaza responsabilitatea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FO Care sunt clauzele referitoare la "DESPATCH"care pot fi inserate intr-un contract de navlosire Care sunt conditiile ce trebuie indeplinite pentru ca staliile sa conteze? Care sunt conditiile de livrare conform INCOTERMS 2000 incluse in grupa "F"? Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "C"? Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "D"? Care sunt conditiile pe care o nava trebuie sa le indeplineasca pentru ca staliile sa inceapa sa curga? Care sunt conventiile internationale ale caror cerinte trebuie satisfacute de o nava pentru a fi in "buna stare de navigabilitate"? Care sunt documentele mentionate in contractul de vinzare/cumparare internationala, ce implica transport maritim, care stabile Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului? Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului? Care sunt functiile conosamentului? Care sunt functiile principale ale marcajului unei marfi? Care sunt modalitatile de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt impartite intre parteneri Care sunt modalitatile de plata a navlului? Care sunt obiectivele unei inspectii "on hire"? Care sunt prevederile ale CONVENTIEI KYOTO/SEPT-1974 referitoare la transportul marfurilor sub sigiliul naval Care sunt principalele caracteristici ale unui contract "BARECON"? Care sunt principalele categorii de raspunderi ale armatorului asigurate de Cluburile P&I? Care sunt principiile asigurarii maritime?

Care sunt recomandarile BIMCO in legatura cu activitatea comandantului cand nava este in "time charter"? Care sunt reglementarile internationale referitoare la transportul de marfuri pe mare pe baza de conosamente? Care sunt sursele de informatii pentru completarea conosamentului? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru inchirierea navei in Charter by Demise? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru inchirierea navei in time-charter? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul carbunelui? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul cerealelor? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul cherestelei? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul marfurilor generale? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul minereului? Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul produselor petroliere? Care sunt unitatile de calcul al navlului? Cargo manifest is Cat prevede CSC ca poate circula un container daca nu are afectata structura de rezistenta? Cate categorii de avarii intalnim in transportul de marfuri pe mare? Ce are la baza regimul juridic specific contractelor comerciale de vanzare internationala ? Ce atribute dau regulilor INCOTERMS caracterul de uzante uniforme internationale? Ce categorii de marfuri poate transporta o nava in "time-charter"? Ce clauza inscrisa in conosament afecteaza conosamentul ca document de plata? Ce clauza inscrisa in conosament afecteaza conosamentul ca document de plata? Ce clauze sunt avantajoase in contractul comercial de vinzare internationala pentru o tara care dispune de o flota marititima? Ce conosamente se folosesc in transportul de linie? Ce conosamente standard se utilizeaza in transportul multimodal si containerizat? Ce contine lista de incarcare la o nava specializata numai in transportul containerelor? Ce cuprinde masa pasiva (debitoare)? Ce diferente exista intre expresiile "working days of 24 hours" si "working days of 24 consecutive hours" conform VOYARULES Ce documente sunt folosite pentru intocmirea "Time Sheet"? Ce efect are introducerea clauzei "PARAMOUNT" intr-un conosament? Ce este "manifestul marfii"? Ce este "navlul"? Ce este "OUTTURN REPORT"? Ce este "rata navlului" (FREIGHT RATE)? Ce este "STATEMENT OF FACTS"? Ce este "tona de navlu" (FREIGHT TON)? Ce este avaria comuna (GENERAL AVERAGE) ? Ce este barateria (BARRATRY)? Ce este coeficientul de contributie la avaria comuna? Ce este contractul slothire? Ce este foaia de pontaj? Ce este navlul (FREIGHT)? Ce este o clauza tipizata? Ce este placuta de securitate C.S.C? Ce este TIME-SHEET-ul ? Ce este un "conosament cu remarci" (FOUL BILL OF LADING)? Ce este un "conosament direct" (THROUGH BILL)? Ce este un "RIDER" la contractul de navlosire? Ce este un "time-sheet"? Ce este un BROKER? Ce este un CHARTER PARTY? Ce este un conosament imbatranit? Ce este un dispasor (AVERAGE ADJUSTER)? Ce este un operator de transport multimodal conform prevederilor "CONVENTIEI DE LA GENEVA"?

Ce factori influenteaza valoarea navlului? Ce factori pot influenta valoarea navlului? Ce factori pot influenta valoarea navlului? Ce fel de marcaj se foloseste in cazul materialelor explozive? Ce inseamna "conosament" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978? Ce inseamna "navlu platibil la destinatie" (FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION)? Ce inseamna cuvintul sarbatoare (HOLIDAY)? Ce inseamna expresia "navlul platit anticipat" (FREIGHT PREPAID)? Ce inseamna expresia "port sigur" (SAFE PORT)? Ce inseamna expresia "WEATHER WORKING DAY"? Ce inseamna expresia WWWW inserata intr-un contract in legatura cu N.O.R? Ce intelegeti prin expresia "No cure - No Pay" Ce inteles are expresia "UNLESS USED"? Ce mentiuni speciale trebuie sa cuprinda protestul de mare intocmit in urma unei avarii comune? Ce pagube acopera asigurarea "CASCO"? Ce poate rezulta din intocmirea time-sheet-ului? Ce presupune caracterul consensual al unui charter-party? Ce prevad regulile de la HAMBURG referitor la marfurile incarcate pe punte? Ce prevede "Clauza de avarie comuna" din GENCON 1976? Ce prevede "Clauza de deviere" din GENCON 1994? Ce prevede "clauza de retentie" din GENCON 1994? Ce prevede "Clauza de reziliere" din GENCON 1994? Ce prevede clauza "dreptul de retentie" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire? Ce prevede contractul GENCON 1994 referitor la repartizarea costurilor si riscurilor cu privire la incarcarea marfurilor? Ce prevede GENCON 1994 referitor la cheltuielile de incarcare /descarcare in legatura cu coletele cu o greutate mai mare de d Ce prevede regula de interpretare (YORK-ANVERS) ? Ce raguli considera conosamentul un document care face dovada " unui contract de transport pe mare si a preluarii sau incarc Ce reprezinta asigurarile P&I? Ce reprezinta caracterul sinalagmatic al unui contract de vanzare cumparare internationala? Ce reprezinta protestul de mare? Ce se intampla daca din motive subiective nava nu poate realiza viteza economica prevazuta prin contract? Ce se intelege cambie documentara? Ce se intelege prin "buna stare de navigabilitate legala"? Ce se intelege prin "conosament la ordin"? Ce se intelege prin "conosament la purtator"? Ce se intelege prin "conosament nominativ"? Ce se intelege prin "despatch"? Ce se intelege prin "dispasa"? Ce se intelege prin "forta majora" (ACT OF GOD) ? Ce se intelege prin "navlu global" (LUMP SUM)? Ce se intelege prin "Notice of readiness"? Ce se intelege prin "RUNING DAYS" sau "CONSECUTIVE DAYS"? Ce se intelege prin "stalii determinabile"? Ce se intelege prin "WEATHER PERMITTING"? Ce se intelege prin acreditiv? Ce se intelege prin arbitraj (ARBITRATION) ? Ce se intelege prin armator? Ce se intelege prin avarie comuna? Ce se intelege prin avarie particulara? Ce se intelege prin buna stare de navigabilitare (SEAWORTHINESS)? Ce se intelege prin buna stare de navigabilitate contractuala? Ce se intelege prin bunuri fungibile?

Ce se intelege prin bunuri nefungibile? Ce se intelege prin clauza "ballast bonus" introdusa intr-un contract "time-charter"? Ce se intelege prin clauza BRUTTO/NETTO referitoare la includerea pretului ambalajului in pretul marfii? Ce se intelege prin CLEAR DAY sau CLEAR DAYS ? Ce se intelege prin CONTRASTALII ? Ce se intelege prin credit documentar? Ce se intelege prin cuvantul "contrastalii"? Ce se intelege prin cuvantul "DEMURRAGE" inserat intr-un contract de navlosire? Ce se intelege prin cuvintul "marfuri" conform regulilor de la Haga ? Ce se intelege prin expresia "CUSTOMARY (QUICK) DESPATCH"? Ce se intelege prin expresia "dana sigura" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire? Ce se intelege prin expresia marfuri conform regulilor de la Haga? Ce se intelege prin incasoul documentar? Ce se intelege prin masa activa (creditoare) in cazul unei avarii comune? Ce se intelege prin navlosire? Ce se intelege prin scrisoare de credit? Ce se intelege prin scrisoare de garantie bancara? Ce se intelege prin stalii ? Ce se intelege prin stalii reversibile? Ce se intelege prin termenul "in scris" (IN WRITING) folosit in legatura cu notice-ul? Ce se intelege prin termenul avarie? Ce se intelege prin urmatoarea prescurtare foarte des folosita in contractele de navlosire referitor la despatch "DHDATSBE"? Ce se intelege prin urmatoarea prescurtare foarte des folosita in contractele de navlosire referitor la despatch "DHDWTSBE"? Ce se intelege prin vinculatie? Ce semnifica caracterul oneros al contractului comercial de vanzare internationala? Ce semnifica caracterul oneros al unui charter-party? Ce semnifica cifra de la rubrica "ALLOWABLE STACKING WEIGHT FOR 1,8g" de pe placuta CSC? Ce semnifica expresia "Dreptul de retentie al carausului" (CARIER'S LIEN)? Ce semnifica PER HATCH PER DAY? Ce semnifica UNLESS USED la durata si calculul staliilor ? Ce semnifica WEATHER PERMITTING la durata si calculul staliilor ? Ce semnificatie are angajarea BSS 0/2 Ce semnificatie are clauza "OWNER`S RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSE" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire? Ce semnificatie are clauza de substituire intr-un charter - party? Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O. intr-un charter - party? Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O.S. intr-un charter - party? Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O.S.T. intr-un charter - party? Ce semnificatie are clauza NEW JASON intr-un charter-party? Ce semnificatie are clauza PARAMOUNT intr-un charter-party sau conosament? Ce semnificatie are cuvintul "dana" inscris intr-un contract de navlosire? Ce semnificatie are cuvintul "port" inserat intr-un contract de navlosire? Ce semnificatie are DAYS referitor la durata si calculul staliilor? Ce semnificatie are termenul "caraus" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978? Ce stabileste clauza FOB? Ce sunt clauzele subantelese ale unui contract de navlosire? Ce trebuie prevazut intr-un contract de vinzare-cumparare international pentru a determina corect cantitatea de marfa Ce trebuie sa contina clauza de livrare/relivrare a unei nave in "time-charter"? Ce trebuie sa contina un protest de mare cand se face extinderea lui? Ce trebuie sa contina un protest de mare? Ce trebuie sa descrie comandantul navei la extinderea protestului de mare in cazul unei avarii comune? Ce trebuie sa se intocmeasca la bordul navei pentru ca armatorul asigurat sa beneficieze de despagubiri in cazul unor avarii? Ce urmareste proprietarul navei in perioada cand nava este inchiriata in "Charter party BY DEMISE?

Ce valoare juridica are o scrisoare de garantie sau alte garantii date de incarcator pentru semnarea unor conosamente ce nu s Ce variante ofera contractul GENCON 1994 in legatura cu plata navlului? Cind este exonerat carausul si nava de orice raspundere pentru pierderi sau pagube produse marfurilor, conform regulilor de la Cind nu se aplica regulile de la Haga ? Cind se aplica regulile de la Haga ? Cind se aplica regulile YORK-ANVERS unui contract? Cind se elibereaza conosamentul conform regulilor de la Haga? Cine confirma din partea navei cele inserate de stivatori in raportul zilnic de lucru? Cine evidentiaza existenta contractului de transport in cazul navelor de linie? Cine nominalizeaza compania de stivatori in transportul de linie? Cine suporta costul combustibilului cand o nava este inchiriata in "BARE BOAT"? Cite zile de contrastalii sint admise in contractul GENCON 1994? Clauza "DHDATSBE" inseamna: Clauza "FDBE"inserata intr-un contract semnifica: Clauza "incetarii raspunderii" inserata intr-un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare semnufica: Clauza "LINER TERMS" intr-un charter-party semnifica: Clauza de avarie generala intr-un contract de navlosirte semnifica : Clauza de deviere intr-un contract de navlosirte permite comandantului sa se abata din drum pentru aprovizionare cu alimente Clauza DHDWTSBE inseamna: Clauza Hardship are drept scop: Clauzele de reziliere a contractelor datorita razboiului se utilizeaza in urmatoarele contracte de navlosire: Comandantul navei va mai fi in legatura cu proprietarul navei pe perioada inchirierii in "BARE BOAT"? Companiile de linie formeaza de obicei conferinte. In acest context notiunea de conferinta poate considerata ca fiind: Conform "cesser clause" carausul are drept de retentia asupra incarcaturii ? Conform "Lien clause" : Conform "VOYAGE CHARTE PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X weather wo Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X days"(se Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin "X working days, weat Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X clear days Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X working da Conform clauzei de cancello inserata intr-un contract de navlosire, optiunea navlositorului de rezilliere a contractului sau de acc Conform clauzei de retentie inserata intr-un contract de navlosire, retentia marfurilor este generata de : Conform princiului maximei bune credinte, din cadrul asigurarilor maritime Conform refulilor INCOTERMS 2000 care este conditia de livrare din grupa F recomandata in cazul in care marfurile se incarca Conform regulii de interpretare din regulile York Antwerp Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg carausul efectiv este raspunzator pentru intarzierea in livrare cauzata printr-o imprejurare ca Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg destinatarul are obligatia sa transmita carausului o notificare scrisa de pierdere sau de avarie Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie inserarea numarului de conosamente originale? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a datei sau perioadei de livrare a marfurilor ? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a destinatarului marfurilor ? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a marcajului marfurilor ? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a modalitatii de plata a navlului ? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a numarului de conosamente originale? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a starii aparente a marfurilor? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg intr-un conosament este obligatorie inserarea locului de emitere a acestuia? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg raspunderea carausului pentru marfuri acopera perioada in care : Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg raspunderea carausului pentru marfurile transportate pe punte este similara cu raspunderea Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg termenul "caraus efectiv" inseamna: Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg, actiunile indreptate impotriva carausului cu privire la pierderea sau avarierea marfurilor ce fa Conosamentele eliberate de case de expeditii care nu sunt membre FIATA (house bill of lading), pot fi negociate? Conosamentul "la ordin" este: Conosamentul "la purtator" este negociabil?

Conosamentul direct (through bill of lading) se elibereaza cand: Conosamentul este "titlu de valoare" deoarece: Conosamentul este un instrument probatoriu deoarece: Conosamentul fractionat impropriu: Conosamentul nominativ se elaboreaza: Conosamentul primit pentru incarcare este: Conosamentul standard de linie (conlinebill a fost elaborat si aprobat de: Contarea timpului de stalii este influentata de: Contractul de navlosire este documentul prin care se reglementeaza drepturile si obligatiile: Contractul de navlosire pe timp este Contrastaliile incep sa conteze: Contrastaliile nu se conteaza daca: Contrastaliile se conteaza: Corporatia Lloyds este: Cui se aplica prevederile Conventiei pentru Securitatea Containerelor? Cui se subordoneaza comandantul cand nava este in "time-charter"? Cum este definita avaria comuna conform "Regulii A" (YORK-ANVERS)? Cum influenteaza modalitatea de angajare a navei valoarea navlului? Cum poate actiona comandantul pentru grabirea operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare? Cum poate exploata nava un "disponent owner" in perioada cand o are in "BARE BOAT"? Cum poate fi depusa semnatura pe conosament conform regulilor de la HAMBURG? Cum procedeaza o banca atunci cand primeste conosamente cu clauze restrictive? Cum se aplica clauza "pe gura de magazie pe zi" (PER HATCH PER DAY)? Cum se calculeaza staliile/contrastaliile/despatch-ul la navele de linie? Cum se defineste "Notice-ul de sosire" (NOTICE OF READINESS)? Cum se defineste asigurarea CASCO ? Cum se defineste caracterul consensual al contractelor de vanzare cumparare internationala? Cum se defineste caracterul translativ de proprietati al contractului de vanzare internationala? Cum se defineste expresia "zile lucratoare" (WORKING DAYS)? Cum se defineste functia conosamentului de dovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport? Cum se defineste functia conosamentului de titlu de credit reprezentativ al marfurilor? Cum se defineste un "conosament curat" (CLEAN BILL OF LADING)? Cum se defineste vinzarea internationala? Cum se interpreteaza termenul "EXCEPTED" sau "EXCLUDED" inserat intr-un contract? Cum se intocmeste protestul de mare in cazul unei avarii comune? Cum se numeste Conventia internationala care stabileste formele de securitate a containerelor in transportul maritim? Cum se numeste documentul prin care se rezerva spatiu pe o nava de linie? Cum se plateste chiria in cazul unui contract "BARE BOAT"? Cum vor incepe sa conteze staliile conform contractului GENCON 1994 functie de inaintarea NOR? Cum vor incepe sa conteze staliile in contractele de navlosire de pe piata produselor petroliere? Daca actele unei nave angajata in "time charter" expira in perioada de angajare, armatorul are obligatia: Daca avem conosamentul marcat cu clauza "freight to be paid 95% in 5 B/D AFFER S/R of Bs/L" si dupa cele 5 zile bancare na Daca carausul sau alta persoana care emite conosamentul in numele sau nu face in conosament mentiuni privind starea apare Daca dupa rata de incarcare sau descarcare de "1000metric tons per weather working days SSHEX" se foloseste expresia "un Daca expertii tehnici ai armatorului gasesc la inspectiile tehnice grave probleme, cand nava este inchiriata in CH/P BY DEMISE Daca in contractul de navlosire se mentioneaza ca nava va incarca un anume tip de marfa atunci: Daca in contractul de navlosire se mentioneaza nivelul contrastaliilor ca fiind 3000 per day si navlositorul depaseste perioada d Daca in situatia in care o nava depune toate diligentele pentru a ajunge in portul de incarcare inainte de expirarea datei de rezil Daca intr-un conosament la rubrica "Portul de descarcare" se inscrie din greseala "Bucuresti" atunci: Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia delivery APS Constanta Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia delivery DLOSP urmata de numele unui port in care se folosesc 2 s Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia delivery DOP Constanta

Daca la rubrica consignee a unui conosament este inscris numele unei firme atunci acest conosament este: Daca marfa nu a sosit in port si ea a fost ferm angajata pe o nava de linie cum va proceda comandantul? Daca navlositorul nu raspunde unei notificari corecte de intirziere a navei peste data de reziliere a contractului in termen de 48 Daca o nava angajata pe baza expresiei "1000 metric tons per working day weather permitting SSHEX" transmite corect NOR Daca o nava angajata pe baza expresiei "1000 metric tons per working day weather permitting SSHEX" transmite corect NOR Daca o nava are deadweight-ul net de 5200 tone ce implicatii are inscrierea acestuia intr-un contract de navlosire pentru o nava Daca printr-un contract de navlosire s-au agreat stalii reversibile atunci: Daca un tanc petrolier este angajat la nivelul WS80, si conform WORLD SCALE navlul intre doua porturi este de 18$ USD pe t Damages for detention are paid De cate feluri sunt asigurarile "CASCO" din punct de vedere al duratei contractului de asigurare? De ce navlositorii in anumite cazuri refuza sa plateasca tot navlul anticipat? De cine poate fi semnat un conosament conform regulilor de la Hamburg? De cine sunt reglementate avariile comune? De cite feluri sint asigurarile maritime ? Delivery of cargo at destination can be made against: Demurrage is counted Demurrage is NOT payble if: Demurrage is ussualy paid Demurrage start counting Despatch is payable Despatch-ul se plateste Din ce se compun regulile YORK-ANVERS 1974? Dintr-un contract de vanzare cumparare internationala nu pot lipsi: Disponent owner-ul din contractul de BAREBOAT poate numi comandant? Disponent owner-ul se poate imprumuta la banca garantand cu nava? Do ship's masters and crew have an insurable interest in a maritime adventure? Documentul utilizat in transportul multimodal conform Conventiei Internationale referitoare la transportul modal se numeste : Does the shipowner have a lien for General Average contributions? Dry cargo market can be considered Dupa ce criterii se apreciaza caracterul restrictiv al mentiunilor facute de comandant pe conosament? Dupa modul de intocmire conosamentele pot fi: Emiterea unui conosament fara rezerve cu privire la starea aparenta a marfurilor se poate face in baza unei scrisori de garantie Endorsement of a Bill of lading can be made: Evaluarea nivelului primei de asigurare H&M pentru o nava se face in functie de urmatoarele elemenete distincte: Explicati denumirea conventionala"Seaworthy packing". Expresia "100% after signing but Before releasing of Bs/L" inserata intr-un contract inseamna: Expresia "95%in..B/D after S/R of Bs/L" inserata intr-un contract inseamna: Expresia "customony quickest deasptch" inserata intr-un contract semnifica: For a dry cargo vessel employed under a time charter, speed and bunker consumption are usually guaranteed For a time chartered vessel to be considered off-hire For a vessel employed into a time charter risks for delay due to bad weather, port congestion and strikes in port are For a vessel under time charter, commercial activities for which master should follow charterers instructions include For owners it is recommended to conclude a time charter agreements if Freigh can be calculated Freight can be calculated Generally, at whose risk is a deck cargo carried? Hague - Visby rules do not apply: Hague rules apply Hague rules do NOT apply Hague rules do NOT apply Hague Visby rules apply if How are deleted words from stardard charterparty form treated from legal point of view?

How are General Average losses paid for? How are the shipbrokers paid for their services? How can a carrier ensure that, as well as his lien for freight, he has also a lien for deadfreight and demurrage? How can a master determine whether his ship is an arrived ship? How do owners of a time chartered ship ensure that they will have the oportunity to carry out proper maintenance and repairs d How do shipowners obtain cover against third party liability? How do you define bill's of lading function as a document of title? How is "working day" defined by VOYLAYRULES93? How is a "holiday" defined by VOYLAYRULES93? How is laytime calculated in containerised liner trade? How is the expression "Weather working days of 24 hours" defined by VOYLAYRULES93? How is the hire paid under a bareboat charter-party? How is the hire usually paid for a vessel under time charter? How is the term "day" defined by VOYLAYRULES93? How is the term "running day" or "consecutive day" defined by VOYLAYRULES 93? How long may the hire period be under a time charter? How many "non negotiable" copies of a bill of lading can be issued? How many days on demurrage are allowed according with GENCON 1994 standard form? How many INCOTERMS are there? How many original Bills of Lading can be issued? How may a bill of lading be considered a receipt for freight? How might a shipowner fixing his ship on time charter seek to protect himself from action by the ITF? How should a master react when his ship is in a position of peril? Hull and machinery insurance can be considered null if If a bareboat chartered vessel is seriously damaged who pays for repairs to bring the vessel to a seaworthy condition? If a charterparty bill of lading is issued, the bill of lading can be considered a contract of carriage if If a charterparty contains a clause setting minimum and maximum quantity of cargo to be loaded without naming the party havi If a charter-party contains abbreviation "1 GSB AAAA" it means that the vessel If a charter-party does not specifically exclude dangerous cargoes the owner can refuse to load them if If a charterparty provides for a Notice of readiness to be tendered, but does not provide for laytime commencement then If a liner vessel is under loading operation and cargo booked has not yet arrived the master If a master is forced to sign a "clean on board" bill of lading, when he considers that it should have been claused, he should: If a master sign a bill of lading and accoding with chartereparty terms and conditions freight is payable 100% after signing, but b If a mate's Receipt has been claused by the ship, e.g. with remarks about rust on steel plates, what may a master expect to see If a notice of readiness is tendered before the vessel is in every way ready for loading or discharging and it is accepted by the s If a persons hands over to the master at destination an original bill of lading endorsed in full then If a tanker is employed at WS120 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two ports is USD 15$ per metric If a tanker is employed at WS80 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two ports is USD 18$ per metric t If a time chartered vessel is not in the same good order and condition at redelivery, who will be liable for the cost of repairs If a vessel arrives at destination with minor damages to the cargoes carried and charterers can demonstrate that owners are re If a vessel arrives at discharging port and she can not proceed to the discharging berth without first lightening, the master If a vessel arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening, laytime start as from Monday morning and work is carried out during If a vessel completes loading before expiry of laytime and she is delayed another 2 days due to a dispute between master and If a vessel is chartered on a chain of bareboat, time and voyage charters who is the party entitled to receive the freight? If a vessel is employed for loading a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port. Under these circumstances the vessel is considere If a vessel is employed on Gross Terms who is paying for lashing, dunnaging and securing expenses? If a vessel is employed on voyage charter and suppose all other elements are constant, in which of below situations freight will If a vessel is employed to load up to full and complete cargo capacity it means that If a vessel is fixed for L/C 10/20 December 2006 and she arrives at loading port on 8th December 2006. Under these circumsta If a vessel is found unfit for loading after berthing and charterer require her to vacate that berth, the master If a vessel is insured the assured is required If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition and at destination it is deliv

If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition and at destination it is deliv If a vessel is loading more lots of cargo and shippers demand one bill of lading for each lot, what would be the date of the bills o If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day and pro rata, then demurrage pay If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day, then demurrage payable to the ow If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day and pro rata, then despatch payable If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day then despatch payable to the charte If a vessel is sailing toward a breaking up port and she is lost on the way, the underwriters will pay to the owners If a vessel is unable to continue her voyage due to a major engine breakdown and charterers decide (even if owners are willing If a vessel under discharging in Galati will be delivered into a time charter "DLOSP Sulina it means that If a vessel will be de delivered into a time charter "APS Constanta it means that If a vessel will be delivered into a time charter "DOP Constanta it means that If all other terms of the fixture are the same when do you expect the freight to be higher? If an insured loss occurs before a policy has been drawn up and signed, are the underwriters liable to pay a claim? If by mistake master release a bill of lading marked "freight prepaid" to the shippers without making sure that owners have rece If charterparty is silent on procedure of tendering Notice of Readiness then If contract of carriage is silent on procedure and rules aplicable to a General Average situation then If deck cargo has to be jettisoned as a General Average act, what is the cargo owners's position under the York-Antwerp Rules If despatch is payable and there is no provision about the method of calculation then If during a loaded voyage, a port of call is planned for bunkers which needed for the next voyage, but not present one, what spe If expression "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not l If expression LINNER TERMS is included in to a charter-party then If loading and discharging ports are nominated after the fixture is concluded, who is the party responsible to ascertain the safet If loading and discharging ports are nominated at the time of fixture who is the party responsible to ascertain the safety of the p If loading or discharging rate is "1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX unless used" then If master sign a bill of lading which is marked "freight payable as per charter-party" then If one of the abbreviations FIO, FIOS, FIOT is included in to a charter-party then If Paramount Clause is incorporated into the charter-party and some of the express terms of the charter-party are in contradicti If shippers have loaded dangerous cargo without owners consent, but with master's approval If the abbreviation "EIU" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo then If the abbreviation "SHEX" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, then If the abbreviation "SHINC" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, then If the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or discharging berth and laytime has commence If the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or discharging berth and on arrival, the vessel is If the charterparty is silent on quantity freight is payable then freight is paid on If the charterparty is silent on the quantity freight is payable then freight is payable If the charter-party stipulate that the vessel will load a certain type of cargo then If the clause "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and/or cargo lost or not lo If the expression "unless used" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo then If the expression "WEATHER PERMITTING" is included into a laytime clause for a gearless vessel then If the expression "WEATHER WORKING DAY" is included into a laytime clause for a gearless vessel then If the master delivers the cargo to a holder of one original bill of lading, although another person is the lawful holder of the bill o If the number of the original bills of lading issued is inserted into the bill of lading then Master can deliver the cargo: If the port of refuge is not the same like the port of repairs then If the shipowners is wrongfully stowing cargoes on deck If the shipper does not demand a bill of lading, according to Hague Rules If the true receiver presents to the master one of the set of original Bills of Lading and master has no reason to put lien on carg If there is no provision in the charterparty about the method of calculating laytime at loading and discharging ports then If there is no special provision about bill of lading form If there is no special provision in a marine bill of lading about transhipment of the cargo then If, by mistake, port of discharging mentioned into the Bill of Lading released to bona fide third party is Bucharest, while the char In a bareboat charter bunker expenses are covered by In a bareboat charter P&I and H&M expenses are covered by

In a consecutive voyage charter-party the cancelling clause apply In a contract of carriage of goods by sea, in respect of what claims has the carrier a common law possesory lien? In a multiport discharge, is it necessary to note a sea protest at each discharge port? In a nutshell, what are the carrier's basic obligations under the Hague Visby rules? In a nutshell, what three things do the carrier's rights and immunities under the hague Visby rules concern? In addition to the shipowners, who should the master notify whenever his vessel is in a position of peril? In afara de situatia cind navlositorul plateste muncitorii necesari pe cheu si nava incarca marfurile la bord, ce alta stipulatie mai In afara de stalii reversibile cum se mai pot calcula staliile? In cadrul asigurarilor maritime pierderea partiala este In cadrul unui contract "charter-party", in timpul calatoriei, comandantul va respecta ordinele navlositorului referitoare la : In care din urmatoarele clauze cu privire la ambalaj contravaloarea ambalajului este inclusa in pretul marfii? In care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare raspunderea trece de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile au dep In care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare raspunderea trece de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile au dep In care din urmatoarele situatii o nava nu este considerata a fi in buna stare de navigabilitate? In care din urmatoarele situatii se poate considera ca este vorba de pierdere totala prin interpretare (Constructive Total Loss): In care din urmatoarele situatii se poate presupune ca un comandant poate actiona ca agent din necesitate al proprietarului ma In care varianta se aplica Regulile de la Hamburg? In cargo shipping context, who is the notify party? In case a cargo is transported from port A, via port C, to port B and providing all ports are situated in different countries and all In case master discovers, after signing Bills of lading, that there was a mistake in his draft survey calculations he can: In case master of a bareboat chartered vessel, which is further employed by a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter, s In case Mate's receipts are claused in respect of cargo condition then: In case owners, at charterers' request, agree to discharge the cargo at another port than the one mentioned into the bill of ladin In cate copii nenegociabile se elibereaza un conosament? In cazul Cluburilor P& I In cazul contractelor de navlosire pe timp riscurile intirzierii navei datorita conditiilor meteorogice nefavorabile, grevelor din portu in cazul contractelor de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive In cazul in care armatorul incarca incorect marfuri pe punte atunci: in cazul in care comandantul unei nave aflata intr-un contract de bareboat, si exploatata pe baza unui contract de navlosire pe In cazul in care marfurile sunt incarcate pe punte pe riscul incarcatorului atunci: In cazul in care o nava incarca marfuri in stare si conditie aparent buna si la destinatie marfurile ajung in aceeasi stare si condit In cazul in care o nava incarca marfuri in stare si conditie aparent buna si la destinatie marfurile sosesc fara a mai fi in aceeasi In cazul in care o nava soseste la destinatie cu o parte din marfuri avariate din vina armatorului atunci: In cazul unei nave aflata intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp se considera ca nava este off-hire daca: In cazul unor avarii urmate de pierderea bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei cand nava este navlosita in "charter party by dem In cazul unui contract de navlosire ce nu exclude in mod expres marfurile periculoase armatorul le poate refuza daca: In ce conditii un comandant va semna un conosament marcat "DUPLICAT"? In ce conventie se vorbeste despre continutul minim obligatoriu al unui conosament? In ce situatii este obligat comandantul sa livreze marfurile la destinatie? in ceea ce priveste forma conosamentului: In cele mai multe polite de asigurare asigurarea CASCO a navei se considera anulata daca: In cite exemplare originale se emite un conosament? In consecutive voyage chartering freight in payable in contractele de navlosire intelesul expresiei full and complete cargo In contractul "charter parter-by demiser" conosamentul semnat de comandant este un contract cu: In contractul "time charter" comandantul este obligat sa execute : In contul cui sunt taxele de tranzitare prin canale/stramtori cand o nava este in time charter? In general despagubirile pentru riscurile de coliziune sunt acoperite: In interpreting the phrase so near as she may safely get the word safely refers to: In liner trade, the contract of carriage between carrier and owner of the bill of lading other than the shipper is In lipsa unei prevederi contractuale navlul se plateste: In lipsa unei prevederi contrare navlul se plateste:

In lipsa unor prevederi contrare in conosament: In lipsa unor prevederi contrare in contractul de navlosire navlul se considera castigat In lipsa unor prevederi contrare, armatorul unei nave angajate de catre navlositor pentru a incarca marfa din 3 porturi si a o des In lipsa unor prevederi contrare, armatorul unei nave angajate de catre un navlositor pentru a incarca marfa din 3 porturi si a o In mod normal armatorul poate accepta una din urmatoarele modalitati de plata a navlului: In mod normal armatorul poate accepta una din urmatoarele modalitati de plata a navlului: In mod normal asiguratorul nu este responsabil pentru: In momentul in care se schimba societatea de clasificare se produc urmatoarele: In momentul livrarii si relivrarii navei intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp se determina cantitatea de combustibil de la bord deo In practica maritima, asigurarea CASCO: In situatia in care comandantul a acceptat din greseala inscrierea in conosament a unei cantitati eronate de marfa atunci: in situatia in care exista un contract de navlosire conosamentul ce se va emite guverneaza relatia dintre In situatia in care in contract nu se stabileste nivelul despagubirilor pentru retinere atunci nivelul acestora: In situatia in care in ordinul de imbargo se inscriu remarci cu privire la starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor: in situatia in care in urma negocierilor dintre armator si posesorul conosamentului se agreeaza ca marfa sa fie descarcata in al in situatia in care la bordul navei se prezinta un primitor cu un exemplar original al unui conosament nominativ sau cu un exem In situatia in care o nava este asigurata, asiguratului i se cere: in situatia in care pe conosament este trecut numarul de exemplare originale in care acesta s-a emis atunci: In situatia in care prin contract se mentioneaza limita minima si maxima a cantitatii de marfa ce se va incarca, fara a se preciza In situatia in care prin contract se stabileste ca despatch-ul se plateste pentru "all time saved" atunci: In the absence of agreement to the contrary, freight is paybale In the law relating to contracts of carriage of goods by sea the terms as classified as In the liner shipping one of the main features is the existence of conferences. A conference is a In transportul de linie nava asteapta rand la dana de operare? In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "DHDATSBE" shall mean: In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "DHDWTSBE" shall mean: In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "FDBE" shall mean In voyage chartering, what is the preliminary or approach voyage? In what circumstances might a Constructive Total Loss be declared? In what circumstances might a shipowner loose his P&I club cover? In what circumstances might an Actual Total Loss be declared? In what way are P&I Clubs concerned with salvage? In which of below circumstances should a shipmaster note a sea protest? In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of protest? In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of protest? In which of the below delivery terms the costs are transferred from the seller to the buyer on passing ship's rail at loading port? In which of the below delivery terms the risks are transferred from the seller to the buyer on passing ship's rail at loading port? In which of the below situation a ship can be considered unseaworthy if the contract of carriage is governed by Hague - Visby R In which of the below situations a vessel may be held to be unseaworthy In which of the below situations the master can be considered agent from necesity of the cargo owner? In which of the below types of charter-parties are the disponent owners NOT entitled to employ a bareboat chartered vessel? Inainte de intrarea unei nave in "time-charter" se efectueaza: INCOTERMS have been issued by : Inserarea in conosament a clauzei "contents and value unknown" are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata? Inserarea in conosament a clauzei "said by shipper to contain" are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata? Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la ambalajul marfii, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata? Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la numarul de colete, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata? Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la starea marfii, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata? Inserarea pe un conosament ca navlul este platibil la destinatie, afecteaza calitatea sa ca document de plata ? Intelesul modern al expresiei "No cure - No pay" este: Intrarea unei nave in "time charter" se face pe baza de : Intr-un charter-party clauza de brokeraj stabileste:

Intr-un conosament "nominativ": Intr-un contract ""voyage charter", comandantul executa ordinele primite de la : Intr-un contract "BARE BOAT" in sarcina cui este asigurarea CASCO si P&I pentru nava? Intr-un contract "time charter" comandantul navei si echiupajul sunt la ordinul: Intr-un contract "time charter" stivuirea marfurilor si asigurarea unei bune stabilitati a navei sunt in sarcina:: Intr-un contract "voyage charter" armatorul : Intr-un contract "voyage charter" armatorul pastreaza controlul asupra navei din punct de vedere: Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la conditiile de transport primite de la: Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la marfurile ce urmeaza a fi incarcate primite de l Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la porturile de incarcere si descarcare primite de Intr-un contract BALTIME suspendarea chiriei devine efectiva daca nava nu poate fi operata din deficit de personal pe o perioa Intr-un contract BALTIME toate instructiunile si dispozitiile pentru navigatie vor fi furnizate comandantului navei de catre : Intr-un contract by demise combustibilul, materialele de intretinere si proviziile sunt in sarcina: Intr-un contract by demise dreptul de a alege echipajul navei il are: Intr-un contract by demise dreptul de a numi comandantul navei il are: Intr-un contract by demise mentinerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate revine: Intr-un contract by demise navlositorul-chirias este in sensul legii: Intr-un contract by demise raspunderea fata de incarcatori sau terti care au interese in marfurile transportate revine: Intr-un contract by demise recompensa de salvare revine: Intr-un contract by demise salariile si intretinerea echipajului sunt in sarcina: Intr-un contract by demise taxele portuare si onorariile agentilor sunt in sarcina: Intr-un contract de navlosire cuvantul port Intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive clauza de reziliere a contractului este valabila Is it permissible for a time charterer to redeliver a vessel without holds/tanks beeing cleaned? Is the disponent owner entitled to borrow money and mortgage the bareboat chartered ship? Is the shipper always the seller or the exporter of the goods? Izvoarele de drept care calauzesc un contract de vanzare internationala sunt: La bordul navei se prezinta un primitor cu un exemplar original al unui conosament semnat de catre comandant in portul de inc La cat se limiteaza raspunderea carausului pentru daune rezultate din pierderea sau avarierea marfurilor conform regulilor de l La cat se limiteaza raspunderea carausului pentru intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor conform regulilor de la Hamburg : La ce fel de angajare a navei navlul trebuie sa fie mai mare? La o angajare "time charter", cand voiajul este intrerupt datorita unor defectiuni tehnice, navlositorul este indreptatit: La o angajare LINNER TERMS cine suporta eventualele operatiuni de amarare, fardare, asigurare a marfii in magazie? La semnarea unui conosament curat sub protest, comandantul pentru a inlatura raspunderea sa este obligat: La transportul cu navele de linie contractul de transport dintre armator si proprietarul marfurilor altul decit incarcatorul este: Laytime is also influenced by Letters of indemnify for discharging the cargo without presentation of originals: Liner shipping can be considered Livrarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie se face de catre comandant in schimbul ? Lloyds' Corporation is Loading and discharging expenses are for charterers account if the vessel is employed on Loading and discharging expenses are for owners account if vessel is fixed on Marfurile generale sunt considerate a fi: Marfurile in vrac sunt considerate a fi: Marimea navlului mort este: Marimea primei de salvare depinde de: Minimum content of a bill of lading in mentioned into Navele C si D intra in coliziune cu pierderi la marfurile de la bord de 0.5 milioane dolari si respectiv 0.25 milioane dolari. Navele Navele C si D intra in coliziune cu pierderi la marfurile de la bord de 0.5 milioane dolari si respectiv 0.25 milioane dolari. Navele Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce sau sa descarce atat de repede pe cat este posibil in imprejurarile existente la data incarcarii sa Navlul lumpsum reprezinta: Navlul mort reprezinta:

Navlul poate fi stabilit ca: Navlul poate fi stabilit ca: Notice of Readiness poate fi transmis: O cambie este: O nava a incarcat 4000 tone de marfa pe baza expresiei 1000metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (timpul de vine O nava aflata intr-un contract de bareboat este angajata intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp unui navlositor care la randul sau O nava care efectueaza operatiuni de incarcare in 2 porturi, datorita spatiului limitat, este nevoita sa incarce in aceeasi magazie O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cate 2 guri de magazie) are de incarcat 15000 de tone si dupa fin O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cate 2 guri de magazie) are de incarcat 15000 de tone si dupa fin O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 3 si 3 au cite 2 guri de magazie) a incarcat 10000 tone de marfa si la final O nava cu 4 hambare incarca 14000 tone marfuri generale la o norma de 600 tone pe gura de hambar pe zi calculata la 24 de O nava cu capacitatea de incarcare de 35,000 tone de marfa a incarcat 32.500 tone. Comandantul trebuie sa transmita incarca O nava cu marfuri la bord, inclusiv 5 containere pe punte intra in coliziune cu un tanc petrolier. In timpul coliziunii 2 containere c O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "10,000mts 5pct molchop". In aceste condi O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "10,000mts 5pct moloo". In aceste conditii n O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "min/max 10,000/11000 mts". In aceste con O nava este angajata a incarca o marfa din portul Galati si datorita congestiei din port este obligata sa ancoreze in rada Sulina. O nava este angajata pentru a incarca o marfa de la dana 35 din portul Constanta. De asemenea in contract se mentioneaza c O nava este angajata pentru a incarca o marfa de la dana 35 din portul Constanta. In aceste conditii nava este considerata ca O nava fara marfuri la bord, pentru a evita scufundarea, se pune pe uscat. In aceste conditii O nava poate inainta NOR in portul de incarcare daca: O nava transporta pe punte tevi metalice si in timpul unei furtuni, pentru a evita scufundarea navei, comandantul decide sa aru On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo at Taganrog, in the Azov Sea, or so near as she may safely g On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo in a safe port in Black Sea, including Azov Sea ports, at char On what basis do the parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average? One of the main problems in chartering is the drafting of various clauses by non legal and non native english speakers. In order Outturn report is a Pe masura ce capacitatea navei creste si exista mijloace moderne de operare in porturi: Pentru ca o nava sa fie off-hire intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp: Pentru o nava in "time charter" subordonarea comandantului din punct de vedere comercial se limiteaza la: Pentru un armator este indicat sa incheie un contract de navlosire pe timp daca : Perioada de timp utilizata pentru incarcare sau descarcare inainte de momentul in care incep staliile: Perioada de timp utilizata pentru incarcare sau descarcare inainte de momentul in care incep staliile: Piata transportului de marfuri in vrac este o piata caracterizata de: Prin avarie particulara se intelege Prin expresia "lawful merchandise" se poate intelege: Prin expresia lawful merchandise se poate intelege: Prin folosirea expresiei "Unless Used" Prin includerea in contractul de navlosire a expresiei "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills o Prin includerea in contractul de navlosire a expresiei freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills o Prin mentionarea in contract a contrastaliilor: Prin notiunea de "back freight" se intelege: Prin stalii se intelege: Recompensa de salvare castigata de o nava inchiriata prin contract "by demise" revine: Refrigerating machinery of a reefer vessel breaks down during a loaded voyage through tropical waters and master decide to p Regula generala in transportul maritim este aceea ca marfurile se transporta sub punte. Exceptii fiind: Regulile de la Haga-Visby nu se aplica tuturor transporturilor pe mare ci doar in situatia: Regulile de la Hamburg permit inserarea in conosament a clauzelor de exonerare? Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca persoana indreptatita sa faca o reclamatie pentru pierderea marfurilor, poate considera mar Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca raspunderea carausului pentru daune rezultate din pierderea sau avarierea produsa marfuri Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca raspunderea carausului pentru intarziere in livrarea marfurilor este limitata la un cuantum ec Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica atunci cand::

Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica contractului de navlosire? Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica in una din urmatoarele situatii: Regulile INCOTERMS au fost elaborate de: Regulile INCOTERMS reglementeaza: Regulile York-Anvers 1994 sunt formate din: Remarcile facute in timpul incarcarii pe ordinul de incarcare se pot transfera pe conosament? Remarks on the Mate's receipts on cargo quantity and cargo condition Salvage apply to Scrisorile de garantie pentru descarcarea marfurilor, fara prezentarea conosamentelor originale: Scrisorile de garantie pentru semnarea conosamentelor fara remarci: Ships C and D are in collision with cargo looses of $ 0.5 milion and $ 0.3 million respectively. Ship C is deemed 60% liable and Ships C and D are in collision with cargo looses of $ 0.5 milion and $ 0.3 million respectively. Ship C is deemed 60% liable and Statement of Facts este documentul ce se intocmeste de catre: Statement of Facts is a Statement of Facts is drawn up by: Sunteti comandantul unei nave flata in pericol de scufundare si in urma transmiterii unui mesaj SOS singura nava care va ofera Termenul "incarcator" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978 are urmatoarea semnificatie: The aims of an on-hire survey are to determine The charterer is under an obligation to load or discharge as fast as possible in the circumstances prevailing at the time of loadin The fundamental difference between a seawybill and a bill of lading is: The general rule in maritime transportation is that cargo is carried below deck. Which of the below can be considered exception The Hague or Hague - Visby Rules apply The Hague Visby Rules will not normally cover cargo shipped on deck. Under what circumstances will the Hague Visby rules co The level of deadfreight due is calculated The main particularity of a "charterparty" bill of lading is that The main particularity of a liner bill of lading is that The main particularity of commencement of laytime in a tanker charterparty is that: The master of a demise chartered ship The purpose of General Average is to: The reward for salvage depends on The two main alternative methods of calculating despatch are: The underwriters may have the right to cancel the policy of insurance if they are not informed about The York Antwerp Rules set down a system that: Time between the moment Notice of Readiness is tendered and commencement of laytime is known as Time used for loading or discharging before commencement of laytime To preserve his lien what must a shipowner to? Transportul marfurilor efectuate pe punte, contrar unei intelegeri exprese este considerat, conform Regulilor de la Hamburg : Un armator isi plateste echipajul in Euro si incheie un contract de navlosire in care se prevade ca navlul se plateste in dolari. In Un conosament este "fractionat impropriu" sau bun de livrare atunci cand: Un conosament este "la purtator" atunci cand: Un contract de navlosire pe timp pentru un singur voiaj este cunoscut sub denumirea de: Una din navele apartinind aceleiasi companii de navigatie solicita ajutorul navei pe care o comandati pentru a efectua transbord Unde a avut loc Conventia Internationala referitoare la cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca paiolul din lemn al unui con Unde a avut loc CONVENTIA INTERNATIONALA REFERITOARE LA TRANSPORTUL MULTIMODAL? Unde se depune un protest de mare? Unde si cand se pot tranzactiona conosamentele? Under certain circumstances, Hague rules do not apply Under FIOS terms responsibility for stowage rest with the charterers. Under which of the below situations will the owners be liab Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage arising from: Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage arising from: Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will not be responsible for loss or damage arising from: Under the York-Antwerp Rules, which of the below can be considered necessary elements for a loss to be regarded as general

Under the York-Antwerp Rules, which of the below can be considered necessary elements for a loss to be regarded as general Under what circumstances is deck cargo excluded from cover by the Hague Visby Rules? Under what circumstances is the master allowed to issue a second set of Bills of Lading? Under what rules is General Average usually adjusted? Usually mate's receipt for the cargo loaded are signed Valoarea de despagubire pentru o nava ce naviga din Constanta in India pentru dezmambrare si care se scufunda este: Valoarea inscrisa la rubrica "Allowable stacking weight for 1,8 g" de pe placuta de securitate C.S.C. a containerului semnifica: War Cancelling clauses are usually used in What actions might qualify as General Average acts? What are INCOTERMS? What are the bareboat owners options if after an inspection the vessel is found with serious technical deficiencies? What are the different types of salvage? What are the documents usualy required by a sale contract, involving maritime transportation, to prove the quantity of cargo loa What are the forms of general average securities acceptable in shipping practice ? What are the functions of maritime arbitrators? What are the functions of shipbrokers in the dry cargo and tanker market? What are the international uniform rules used for interpretation of trade terms defining obligations and right of seller and buyer i What are the main features of maritime lien that distinguish it from a possessory lien? What are the main functions of a P&I club? What are the main groups of ship costs? What are the main requirements of packing that are important in maritime transportation? What are the main responsabilities of the seller and buyer when goods are sold on a CIF basis? What are the main responsibilities of the seller when goods are are sold "FOB Constanta"? What are the major types of lien of importance to seafarers? What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breach a condition? What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breaches a warranty? What are the points that can not miss from a delivery/redelivery clause in a time charterparty? What are the possible consequences for the owners or carrier of deviating from the contracted voyage? What are the three internationally agreed rules defining the basic contractual obligations, right and immunities of sea carriers a What are the traditional forms of employment for merchant ships? What are the two kinds of incurance policy available on H&M insurance market? What are the various categories of marine insurance losses? What are two options available for payment of freight according with Gencon 94 standard form ? What can be said about the relationship between "despatch for all time saved" and "despatch for working time saved"? What can be said about the relationship between unit costs and ships deadweight if there are modern cargo handling equipmen What can be the result of a laytime calculation? What can owners do if time charterers do not pay hire in time? What can the master do when loading or discharging operations are very slow? What cargoes can charterers load on a vessel under time charter? What cover would hull and machinery insurance normally give a shipowner? What cover would hull and machinery insurance normally give a shipowner? What do you understand by "back freight"? What do you understand by "Ballast Bonus" in a time charter? What do you understand by "charterers right to average laytime"? What do you understand by "lawful merchandise"? What do you understand by "rye terms" clause in context of cargo quality? What do you understand by "sound delivered" clause in context of cargo quality? What do you understand by "tel quel" clause in context of cargo quality? What do you understand by "to order" Bill of lading ? What do you understand by "turn time"? What do you understand by a "bearer" Bill of lading? What do you understand by abbreviation "BWAD"?

What do you understand by abbreviation "CHABE"? What do you understand by abbreviation "ILOHC"? What do you understand by abbreviation "IUATUTC" What do you understand by abbreviation "Wibon"? What do you understand by abbreviation "Wiccon"? What do you understand by abbreviation "Wifpon"? What do you understand by abbreviation "Wipon"? What do you understand by abbreviation "WWWW " in the context of tendering notice of readiness? What do you understand by calculable laytime? What do you understand by laydays? What do you understand by lumpsum freight ? What do you understand by straight bill of lading? What do you understand by term "EXCEPTED" or "EXCLUDED" used in a laytime clause? What documents are typically required to be obtained by the seller under the terms of a Letter of Credit? What documents should the master expect to be given by an on-hire surveyor at the commencement of a time charter? What does "Indemnity" mean in the term "Protection and Indemnity"? What does "Protection" mean in the term "Protection and Indemnity" What does the expression "ready to load" means? What forms can General Average take? What forms do seaworthiness take in carriage of goods law ? What happens after General Average Bonds, Guarantees and Deposits are collected? What happens if Notice of Readiness is tendered whilst at anchor, before a required hold survey is made, and the ship then fai What inspections are normal at redelivery at the end of a time charter? What inspections of a vessel will a time charterer always make on delivery? What is "bunker adjustment factor" What is "currency adjusment factor"? What is "particular average"? What is a "Notice of readiness"? What is a "RIDER"? What is a bank doing on receipt of a claused bills of lading instead of "clean on board" bill of lading required by the letter of cred What is a call in the context of P&I insurance? What is a carrier? What is a charter party? What is a charterparty bill of lading? What is a contract of affreightment in modern shipping terms? What is a contract of affreightment in the legal sense often used in maritime law textbooks written by lawyers? What is a deductible in a hull and machinery policy? What is a deductible in a P&I club policy? What is a dirty Bill of lading? What is a foul Bill of lading? What is a freight forwarder? What is a general average act? What is a General Average Adjuster? What is a General Average loss? What is a Letter of Credit? What is a private carrier? What is a safe berth? What is a sea protest or maritime protest? What is a shipmaster's legal position in relation to a time charterer? What is a shipped Bill of Lading? What is a time charter? What is a time-sheet?

What is a waranty in insurance law? What is an accomplished Bill of lading? What is an Act of God? What is an Average Guarantee? What is barratry? What is cancelling date? What is deadfreight? What is despatch or despatch money? What is freight? What is happening if a clause from the rider is in contradiction with a clause from the standard form? What is happening if a time chartered vessel is withdrawn from the service of time charerers in the middle of a voyage and "fre What is laytime? What is meant by "inherent vice in the goods"? What is meant by "utmost good faith"? What is probably the most commonly defined trading area in time charters for a vessel trading worldwide? What is stale bill of lading ? What is Sue and Labour Clause in a hull and machinery insurance policy? What is tally sheet? What is the carrier's lien? What is the criterion used by banks when they analyze a claused bills of lading? What is the deadweight of a capesize vessel? What is the deadweight of a handymax vessel? What is the deadweight of a handysize vessel? What is the deadweight of a Panamax vessel ? What is the deadweight of a supramax vessel? What is the difference between a common law lien and a contractual lien? What is the difference between delivery terms FOB and CIF in respect of the moment risks are transferred from the seler to the What is the difference between expressions "per working hatch" and "per workable hatch" What is the difference between expressions "weather working days of 24 hours" and "weather working days of 24 consecutive What is the difference between the effect of a breaching a warranty in marine insurance law and in carriage of goods law? What is the General Average position where deck cargo has been saved by a General Average act? What is the General Average position where the jettisoned cargo was wrongfully stowed on deck? What is the golden rule on international trade from point of view of country were the traders are based? What is the importance of expression "freight prepaid" in a bill of lading ? What is the last version of INCOTERMS? What is the latest version of York - Antwerp Rules? What is the level of damages for detention? What is the main benefit to the buyer when he buys on an FOB basis? What is the main concern of an owner chartering his ship on a charter by demise? What is the main particularity of a Time Charter ? What is the meaning of "average" in the context of insurance? What is the meaning of "indemnity" in an insurance context? What is the meaning of the word "about when it is used to describe vessels deadweight cargo capacity? What is the name of the document used to charter space on a liner vessel? What is the purpose of a Letter of Credit? What is the purpose of Rule Paramount according to York-Antwerp 1994 Rules? What is the purpose of the "Paramount Clause" in a bill of lading? What is the recommended INCOTERMS 2000 delivery term for a shipper having the obligation to load the cargo on board a RO What is the relationship between Bill of lading and Letter of Credit? What is the SCOPIC Clause ? What is the usual loading rate in the liner trades? What is the value in law of a letter of indemnity for issuing "clean on board" bills of lading while mate's receipts are claused ?

What kind of deviations would probably be regarded in law as unjustifiable? What kind of marking is recommended for explosives? What outlays might qualify as General Average expenditure? What sacrifices might qualify as General Average sacrifices? What security does a bank involved in a Letter of Credit transaction have in return for the sum advanced? What ship costs can be clasified as voyage costs? What ship costs can be classified as capital costs? What ship costs can be classified as operating costs? What ship costs can be classified as operating costs? What ship costs can be classified as voyage costs? What ship costs might be paid by a voyage charterer instead of the shipowner? What should a master do if his ship is delayed on a delivery voyage? What should a master of a tanker which has just completing loading do if the ship's cargo figure is greater than the shipper? What should an agent nominated by the voyage charterers, but appointed by the owners do when there is a dispute between sh What should the master do if the charterers refuse to acknowledge receipt of his Notice of Readiness? What statement normally appears in the title of a sea waybill? What types of carriers are on the shipping market? What types of insurance are in common place in the shipping industry? What would be the legal effect of a failure by the carrier to show that he exercised due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy? When a master is not sure if a notice of readiness is valid or not When a ship is disabled, but plenty of nearby ships are willing to assist, why is the master required to contact the owners if he h When a vessel is delivered into a time charter contract one of the objectives of "on-hire" survey is to determine the quantity of b When and where should General Average be declared? When are Letters of Indemnity for cargo condition and quantity an acceptable practice in the shipping industry? When assessing the condition of the cargo the master should be concerned of When cargo is stowed on deck at shippers risk When considering whether to engage salvage assistance, what consideration should be uppermost in the mind of the master o When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as " USD 40 per weight or measurement". What would be the freight payable if When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as " USD 40 per weight or measurement". What would be the freight payable if When freight level is negotiated basis 0/0 it means that When freight level is negotiated basis 1/1 it means that When INCOTERMS apply to a international sale of goods transaction? When is the master under un obligation to deliver the goods at destination if the vessel has no reason to put lien on cargoes? When is the shipowner entitled to freight without deductions? When is the shipper entitled to demand issuing of a bill of lading according to Hague Rules? When should a master extend his initial sea protest? When should a shipmaster note a sea protest following a heavy weather voyage? When the word "about" is used in a time charterparty to describe the speed then When the YORK-ANTWERP Rules apply to General Average settlement? Where (or before whom) can a sea protest be noted? Where a master of a perfectly sound loaded ship prudently decides to run for shelter from an approaching storm, this action Where a ship is in danger, is the master of a vessel rendering assistance under any obligation to save the ship as well as the c Where a ship is time chartered, which ship costs are generally paid by the time charterer? Where no bills of lading have been issued Where the Hague Visby Rules apply, the carrier must before and at the beginning of the voyage exercise due diligence to: Where there is a doubt over who the carrier is what should the master of a time chartered vessel do? Where there is a fire in a cargo on board a ship and it is extinguished by releasing CO2, which of the below is considered partic Which are the two most important INCOTERMS in sea transport? Which of below can be considered areas of average? Which of below can be considered maritime liens? Which of below can be considered particularities of liner navigation? Which of below can be considered particularities of tramp navigation?

Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "C" of INCOTERMS 2000 Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "D" of INCOTERMS 2000 Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "F" of INCOTERMS 2000 Which of below clauses can be considered a calculable laytime? Which of below clauses you would expect to see both in sale contract and in a voyage charter-party? Which of below documents are required for drawing up a "Time Sheet"? Which of below is the contract of carriage in liner trades between shipper and the carrier? Which of below losses are marine insurers not liable for under Marine Insurance Act 1906? Which of below perils is a shipowner insured against under a hull and machinery policy that incorporates the Institute Time Clau Which of below perils is a shipowner insured against under a hull and machinery policy that incorporates the Institute Time Clau Which of below remarks should be used in a bill of lading contain if cargo has been shipped on deck? Which of below standard form of bills of lading are usually used in multimodal transportation? Which of the below abbreviations are used when loading costs are covered by one party and discharging costs by the other? Which of the below abbreviations refer to spliting of loading and discharging expenses in a voyage charter agreement? Which of the below are damages recovered from insurers as particular average? Which of the below are risks covered by P&I Clubs? Which of the below are standard time charter forms? Which of the below can be considered advantages of arbitration over litigation for the disputing parties? Which of the below can be considered carriers' responsabilities before and at the beginning of the voyage according to Hague Which of the below can be considered common law obligations of all sea carriers? Which of the below can be considered conditions for commencement of laytime? Which of the below can be considered examples of lack of utmost good faith? Which of the below can be considered examples of unseaworthiness? Which of the below can be considered features of Lloyd's Open Form? Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freight Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freight ? Which of the below can be considered forms of setting the freight? Which of the below can be considered functions of a bill of lading? Which of the below can be considered principles of marine insurance? Which of the below can be considered shipowner's usual basic obligations under a voyage charter-party? Which of the below charterers obligations can be considered implied in any contract of carriage? Which of the below charter-parties are approved? Which of the below clauses can be considered as fixed laytime? Which of the below clauses can be considered as implied in a contract of carriage of goods by sea? Which of the below clauses can be considered as indefinite laytime? Which of the below clauses can transform a bill of lading for steel cargoes into a "foul bill of lading" Which of the below clauses can transform the bill of lading into a "foul Bill of Lading" Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty? Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty? Which of the below clauses refering to packing are used when the value of packing is included in the price of the cargo? Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation? Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation? Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for bulk cargoes? Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for general cargoes? Which of the below exclussions from liability are allowed for a common law carrier, i.e. the common law exceptions? Which of the below expressions are usually used into a bill of lading in respect of payment of freight? Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading? Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading? Which of the below factors can have an influence on the freight rate? Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight? Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight? Which of the below factors have an impact on freight?

Which of the below factors have an inpact on freight level? Which of the below obligations of the shipowners can be considered as implied in any contract of carriage governed by Hague Which of the below risks are covered by P&I clubs Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for demise chartering? Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of coal cargoes? Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of general cargoes? Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of grain ore cargoes? Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of iron ore cargoes? Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of petroleum products? Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of timber cargoes? Which of the below statements about P&I insurance are true? Which of the below statements are correct in respect of Bill's of lading function as a receipt for the goods loaded or received for Which of the below statements are NOT in accordance with IWL? Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer? Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer? Which party is responsible for obtaining cargo insurance? Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on CIF basis? Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on DES basis? Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on FOB basis? Who earns the salvage reward if a bareboat chartered vessel is earning salvage? Who is allowed to obtain insurance at Lloyd's? Who is covering canal transit expenses and who is bearing risks of delay for a vessel under time charter? Who is covering dunnaging, lashing and securing expenses in liner trades? Who is entitled to sign the bill of lading according with Hamburg rules? Who is the legal carrier under a time charter if the bills are signed by the master Who is the ship's agent principal? Who is usually appointing and who is paying the stevedoring company in liner trades? Who is usually signing from ship's staff daily tally reports? Who should the Notice of Readiness be addressed to? Who would normally be the parties to a common adventure in General Average? Why are the lines of most standard charter-party forms numbered? Why do deck cargo warrant a special agreement between shipper and carrier under Hague Visby Rules? Why is a lien clause included into a contract of carriage? Why is it important for the number of signed original Bills of lading to be shown? Why is often important to tender Notice of Readiness before weekend? Why owners prefer to use York - Antwerp 1994 Rules instead of York Antwerp 2004 Rules? Why should the right to "extend sea protest at a time and place convenient" be reserved? Why sometimes freight is not payable 100% before delivery of the cargo? Will the master of a bareboat chartered vessel maintain communication with the head owners? You are the master of a ship in danger sending out a SOS message and the only vessel offering her services to save your crew

Raspuns1 the bill of lading becomes a "charterers' bill of lading" bill of lading issued in accordance with requirements of a Letter of credit and which is always accepted by the banks. Head owner accurately describe the quantity and condition of the cargo on loading expression "freight prepaid" is included in the bill of lading the charterer on discharging from the vessel shipowner and bill of lading holder whether contract of carriage gives his vessel the liberty to tow always the master is entitled to sign bills of lading with remarks can be a valid notice of readiness once the ship is within port limits or at usual waiting place or where she is ordered by port authorities once she is in all respects ready for berthing Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the co laytime will start imediately the cargo becomes free for discharging on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing Laytime started after master tendered notice of readiness on vessel's berthing at intended berth and was running continously u it is always good to help ships belonging to the same owners and operation can go forward without any approval from the unde if chocolate was loading before onion 10.500 metric tons 10.500 metric tons 10.500 metric tons Yes, this action can be considered General Average, as sooner or later vessel may be in danger 31,000 metric tons 5% moloo 31,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in owners option When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will increase a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least on Round Trip Charter the ship is an arrived ship once the vessel is within commercial, administrative or fiscal area of Constanta port repairs are underway for hatchcover of hold number 2 vessel proceed to shelter due to bad weather actual time used will count only if there is a special provision that time used before commencement of laytime will count the owners are entitled to take as much bunker as they want if the vessel is able to load minimum 4750 metric tons of cargo once the vessel drops anchor at Sulina road master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness only at first loading port Charterer has to pay only two thirds of the agreed lumpsum freight the master should load all the cargo as long as shippers accept on the bill of lading all master's remarks about cargo condition 14,000 USD 14,000 USD 4 days 19 hours 12 minutes 10 days 6 days the two containers lost lost durin collision container jettisoned Ca nava va opera intr-un singur port si o singura dana, portul si dana sa fie accesibile in momentul sosirii navei la operare Yes - the same degree of care any vessel used in the carriage of goods for saving life or property at sea

666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers option to an amount equivalent to two times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable unde if such carriage is in accordance with an agreement with the shipper 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers option in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if n that the day on which the notice is given and the day on which the laytime expires are not included in the laytime calculations ev despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the departure of the vessel including a variable daily amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not res an option given to the charterer to compensate any time saved at loading or discharging port with any time excess time used at a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or w a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather would have prevented the loading or discharging of th within 48 running hours after the old cancelling date the charterers should have the option of cancelling the charter- party has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for reasonable purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels at 14.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 08.00 hours next working day if notice giv the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the charterers highest between intaken or delivered quantity the seventh day after the date the notice was sent goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carria freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty including costs of r the place where loading or discharging operation are normally carried out, even if at anchorage or at buoy a well defined area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and which i unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay fit to both ordinary and extraordinary perils of the sea Forma a creditului documentar, prin care o banca comerciala, in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sau, I-si ia obligatia de a they may still be presented to the master for delivery certain visibly expressed form of reproducing words and should be limited to standard forms, letters, telex, fax, cable and e-ma in alb The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as they have all the rights to recover the hire Yes, owners are under a common law obligation to have H&M and P&I insurance marfurile sosesc la destinatie usor avariate 100 % by H&M insurers the owner of the cargo the total loss element once the Notice of Readiness is accepted viteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului trebuie sa fie egala cu viteza inscrisa in contract se are in vedere calitatea marfurilor 12 zile dupa emitere Nu Nu Da Nu Bearer Bills of Lading the master is entitled to proceed like this, as the master is the one deciding about all navigation aspects Au unele calitati intrinseci care nu le permit inlocuirea unora cu altele charterers interests are satisfied as even if he fail to load the vessel in time agreed they are allowed to complete loading in exch the charterparty always give the time charterer the power to change the master Only if the the charterer has some hire to pay No, since there is no other party with property at risk Cand pierderea, avarierea sau intarzierea livrarii a rezultat dintr-o actiune de omisiune comisa cu intentie; Cand disponent owner-ul are intarzieri repetate in plata chiriei

Platile efectuate prin credit documentar sunt mai accesibile participantilor la contractul de vanzare internationala Schimbe imediat comandantul Nu se admit astfel de scrisori. O astfel de fapta constituie o frauda maritima Se vor aplica obligatoriu tuturor conosamentelor indiferent daca au sau nu inclusa o clauza in acest sens Momentul cand o nava se considera sosita intr-un port trebuie explicit si fara posibilitati de interpretare (inserat in contract) Pentru neplata chiriei armatorul nu are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor, el fiind un tert in contractul de navlosire Costul unor astfel de operatiuni este suportat de navlositor Poate sosi oricand dar nu dupa terminarea incarcarii Desfasurarea contractului intre parteneri din tari diferite marfa urmand a trece una sau mai multe frontiere, iese de sub inciden Au fost interzise amendamentele Inlocuirea motoarelor cu abur cu motoare diesel? Cresterea numarului de nave pe plan mondial? Transportul maritim costier se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si transportul rutier Locul si momentul determinarii cantitatii de marfa Cheltuieli de asigurare H&M+P&I Cheltuieli de asigurare H&M si P&I Clauza referitoare la plata navlului CPT; DEQ 35-75,000 twd 5 total weather working day 500 metric tons per hatch per day obligatia de a prezenta nava in timp util in portul de incarcare amenzi in unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa tot timpul anului Sa curete magaziile de atatea ori de cate spune surveyor-ul 4000 metric tons per day armatorii sunt obligati sa accepte spre incarcare toate marfurile ce satisfac conditiile minimale cu privire la cantitate si volum Pe unitatea de greutate (navlul pe tona) Functie de modalitatea de angajare Navlul se poate calcula conform dorintelor navlositorului Navlul se poate calcula global pe intreaga nava (LUMPSUM) Prin referinta la Word Scale Nu se aplica "transporturilor terestre"; Transporturilor cu caracter obisnuit Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului national"; Protestul de mare, lista avariilor, raportul de constatare a bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in p MULTIDOC-ul nu are functia de titlu de credit reprezentativ "MULTIDOC" In stalii se include toate zilele lucrate din saptamana Timpul exceptat folosit va fi contat la jumatate din timpul folosit In stalii se includ toate zilele lucrate din saptamana Timpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate se va conta ca timp de stalii Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu coresp Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu coresp Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu coresp in orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5% Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va conta numai din momentul in care nava se afla in dana acceptata de incarcatori la o Conform acestei expresii nava este considerata apta de incarcare/descarcare numai daca formalitatile vamale au fost efectuat Conform acestei expresii nava este considerata sosita si poate transmite NOR numai daca a obtinut libera practica Conform acestei expresii nava va fi considerata sosita si timpul de stalii poate incepe sa curga doar daca nava este in port Angajarea LINNER TERMS

LINNER TERMS Chiria se plateste anticipat la fiecare 15 sau 30 zile conform prevederilor contractuale Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la orele 12.00 daca NOR este dat pina la orele 08.00 in urmatoarea zi lucrato In conditiile de linie navele opereaza "atat de repede cat nava poate incarca/descarca" WELCON Este un conosament care se foloseste numai in transportul multimodal Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de conosamente; Nava ramane tot timpul si din toate punctele de vedere in subordinea navlositorului Daca navlositorul nu s-a achitat la termenul prevazut prin contract de principala obligatie de a plati chiria armatorul este dator s Armatorul va rezilia imediat fara proceduri prealabile contractul si va retrage nava din "time-charter" Ele se iau in considerare atunci cand una dintre parti poate dovedi ca s-au radit din greseala Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o perfecta concordanta, orice nepotrivire put D/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare si descarcare este suportat de navlositor Un port de incarcare, unul de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de navlositor Obliga pe armatorul navei pe care se incarca marfurile sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare si asigurare a marfii. Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor cad in sarcina armatorului. Prezenta acestor clauze intr-un contract de navlosire obliga pe navlositor sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare stivuire si rujare a Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in mome Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efect Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efect Export CIF, import CIF Regulile de la Hamburg FOB, CIF, FIOS si LINNER TERMS. Asigurarea marfurilor transportate, corpului navei si a anumitor responsbilitati ale armatorilor atunci cind acestia sunt considera Punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate : armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea in mod corespunzator a navei si curatarea Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru angajare si incarcare unor marfuri corespunzatoare din toate punctele d Regulile de la Haga. Sa egalizeze pierderile provocate cu intentia de a le face rezonabile fata de toate partile interesate, sa-i dea Comandantului libe In conosament nu se inscriu clauze cu privire la plata navlului Sa fie usor, rezistent, estetic Clauzele referitoare la descrierea marfii Clauzele referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare Clauza"greutatea, masura, marcajul, numarul, calitatea, continutul si valoarea necunoscuta" DESTACH-ul se va calcula conform normelor portuare Nava sa fie sosita, nava sa fie gata de operare inainte de inaintarea NOR, notice of readiness sa fie inaintat FOB,FAS,FIOS,FCR CFR,CIF,CIP,CPT DEQ, DEP, DDU, DDP Nava sa fie sosita si gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni BIMCO si IMO Scrisoarea de trasura maritima - seaway bill Durata staliilor si clauzele de intrerupere a curgerii staliilor Tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat dovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport, dovada a existentei contractului de transport si titlu de valoare reprezentativ al mar Identificare FIOST Freight prepaid, freight payable at destination, freight as per ch/p Stabilirea conditiilor fizice si tehnice ale navei, determinarea cantitatilor de combustibil existente la bordul nave si determinarea Ca orice container poate circula pe mare numai daca sigiliul naval este sub controlul Comandantului Armatorul preda navlositorului gestiunea nautica si comerciala a navei transformandu-l in ceeace se numeste "disponent owne Raspunderi privind neglijenta comerciala a Comandantului sau prepusilor sai Interesul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea

Nu sunt recomandari speciale Regulile de la Haga, Haga - Visby si Hamburg Marcajul marfii, rapoartele zilnice ale stivatorilor, contractul de transport maritim, istoricul operatiunilor, lista de incarcare Gencon Intertankvoy-76, Interconsec-76, Intercoa-80, Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Polcoalvoy Medcon, Welcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy Intertankvoy 87, Asbatankvoy, Beepeevoy, Shellvoy Tona metrica, navlu global a document prepared on board the ship for statistical purposes and future reference for new masters Un container fara avarii poate circula 30 de luni dupa care va fi supus unei inspectii de registru Avarii daune, avarii comune si avarii cheltuieli Tratate internationale Aplicarea lor numai cand partile au facut referire in mod expres la ele in continutul contractului si libertatea participantilor de a l Orice categorie de marfuri Clauza referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilor Clauza referitoare la numarul de colete incarcate la bordul navei CIF pentru cumparari si FOB pentru vinzari. Se folosesc conosamente CONGENBILL si conosamente COMBIDOC Conosamentul "CONLINEBILL" si "CONGENBILL" In astfel de cazuri nu este nevoie de lista de incarcare Masa pasiva cuprinde toate bunurile salvate cu exceptia navlului si care au profitat de sacrificiul sau cheltuieli facute in mod vo Exista diferente semnificative in sensul ca in conformitate cu prima expresie o zi de 24 ore lucratoare poate reprezenta 3 zile in Conosamentul si contractul de navlosire Supune conosamentul regulilor de la Haga sau Haga Visby. Este un document care se intocmeste de catre nava pentru a fi folosit in vama Suma platibila carausului de catre navlositor pentru transportul si sosirea marfurilor la destinatie fara a-si pierde valoarea come Este un document in care se fac mentiuni referitoare la cantitatea de marfa descarcata si la starea si conditia in care a aceasta Suma de bani stabilita per tona, metru cub sau colet ori per tona registru a navei, ce urmeaza a se plati pentru transportul marf Este un document intocmit de stivatorii care fac un istoric al operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare Unitate de masura pentru volum si greutate egala cu un metru cub sau o tona folosita la determinarea navlului si armatorul are Un prejudiciu cauzat de o forta majora,tuturor participantilor la un contaract, acoperita proportilonal de toate partile participante Act ilegal si fraudulos comis de comandant si echipaj prin care se aduc prejudicii armatorului ori navlositorului. Coeficientul de contributie este stabilit prin negociere directa intre partile implicate Este contractul prin care se inchiriaza containere de catre incarcator Documentul pe care persoana din echipaj desemnata il completeaza evidentiind numarul de colete incarcate si locul unde se in Pretul marfurilor transportate. O clauza formulata astfel de IMO O placuta fixata pe usa frontala care atesta ca respectivul container rezista la solicitari statice in terminal si dinamice in timpul t Documentul care evidentiaza zilnic de la inaintarea noticelui, curgerea staliilor,eventualele contrastalii sau despatch Un conosament redactat sub alta forma decit cea standardizata si tipizata. Un conosament folosit pentru transportul terestru al marfurilor. Este partea din contract negociata si inscrisa ca atare in continuarea contractului standard Un document intocmit separat de armator si navlositor prin care se evidentiaza zilnic curgerea staliilor Un agent (cu comision sau remuneratie stabilita) care se ocupa de cumpararea ori vinzarea de bunuri, marfuri, titluri negociabi Ch/P este un contract de vinzare internationala. Un conosament care dupa semnare nu a fost depus la data extrema pentru depunere sau in lipsa acestei date in termen de 21 Persoana numita de catre oficialitati pentru a stabili masa pasiva (totalitatea bunurilor salvate care sint indreptatite sa primeasc O persoana fizica sau juridica specializata in transportul multimodal

Prevederile clauzelor din contractul de navlosire, modalitatea de angajare a navei, timpul de stalii, natura marfurilor Zona geografica in care naviga nava Momentul inceperii curgerii staliilor neutru Un document care face dovada unui contract de transport si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor Navlu platibil la sosirea navei in porturile de destinatie indiferent de prevederile conosamentului, cind expresia se insereaza in C Inseamna o zi pe saptamina sau parte(ti) din aceasta in care lucrul pe nava in mod normal ar trebui sa aiba loc dar este suspen Navlul platit in portul de incarcare inainte de inceperea incarcarii. Inseamna un port care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate sosi, intra, ramine sau pleca din el, in absenta unor O zi lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor de timp in care incarcarea sau descarcarea este impiedicata Ca NOR poate fi inaintat fara ca nava sa fie in port sau dana conform acestei expresii operatiunile de salvare sunt remunerate doar in cazul in care acestea au succes Se intelege faptul ca in situatia in care staliile au inceput si nava desfasoara operatiuni de incarcare sau descarcare in perioade Protestul de mare chiar si in cazul unei avarii comune nu trebuie sa cuprinda mentiuni speciale Acopera toate pagubele care se pot produce la marfa pe timpul transportului Ca nava s-a incadrat in termenii contractuali Armatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie nava pentru a transporta marfurile In situatia in care carausul si incarcatorul au convenit ca marfurile vor fi sau ar putea fi transportate pe punte, carausul trebuie s Avaria comuna va fi solutionata conform legislatiei nationale din tara unde se produce avaria. Nava nu are voie sa devieze de la ruta normala sub nici o forma. Armatorul are dreptul de retentie pe marfa si pe orice subnavlu platit in legatura cu marfa pentru navlu, contrastalii, navlu mort, Daca nava nu este gata sa incarce (fie ca este in dana sau nu) la data de reziliere mentionata in contract navlositorul are optiun Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor pentru orice avarie produsa lor de companiile de stivadori Marfa sa fie adusa la copastie in asemenea mod incit sa permita navei sa o incarce cu propriul ei ganci. Navlositorul sa asigure Nu exista astfel de prevederi in GENCON 1994 Odata ce s-a stipulat in contract ca o avarie comuna va fi reglementata conform regulilor YORK-ANVERS, orice alta prevedere Regulile de la Haga Forma de asigurare mutuala si non-profit prin care armatorul isi asigurara responsabilitatile fata de avariile provocate unor terti Caracterul sinalagmatic inseamna ca fiecare participant la contract are responsabilitati reciproce pentru realizarea contractului Reprezinta documentul prin care comandantul ia atitudine fata de o situatie sau un eveniment extraordinar, care cauzeaza sau Cand nava nu poate realiza viteza economica prevazuta in contract nu se produc efecte financiare pentru armator Folosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emi Nava sa fie dotata si echipata cu tot ce prevede legislatia nationala si internationala Conosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care ap Conosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care ap Conosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care ap Timpul economisit de catre navlositor in operarea navei si suma de bani platita de catre armator navlositorului ca prima pentru Lucrarea care consta din calcularea si stabilirea indemnizatiilor de despagubire pe care asiguratorii urmeaza sa la plateasca pr Un eveniment produs in timpul unei expeditii maritime, in imprejurari exceptionale si acre nu poate fi evitat de o nava aflata in p Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste aceeasi suma de bani indiferent de cantitatea de marfa incarcata in Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe navlositori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai armatorului, ca nava Zile care urmeaza una dupa alta cu exceptia duminicilor. Sunt stalii determinate de catre armator si navlositor in functie de rata de operare conform uzului portului dar nu mai mult de o Se intelege faptul ca perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare nu se vor conta ca stalii Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului Modalitate de solutionare a litigiilor prin care partile implicate cad de acord asupra utilizarii unui arbitru sau nomineaza fiecare c O persoana juridica indreptatita din punct de vedere legal sa construiasca sau sa cumpere o nava Avaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui accident maritim, sau izvorand din natura lucrurilor (nava sau marfuri), fa Avaria produsa ca urmare a unui accident maritim in care este afectata numai nava urmand ca pentru acoperirea pagubei sa p Punerea de catre navlositor la dispozitia armatorului a tot ce este necesar pentru un voiaj in deplina siguranta. Nava sa satisfaca cerintele de echipare impuse de BIMCO Bunuri care datorita calitatilor lor intrinseci nu se pot inlocui cu altele

Bunuri care datorita calitatilor lor intrinseci nu se pot inlocui cu altele Nava nu va fi balastata in perioada inchirierii, pentru balastare armatorul va plati un bonus navlositorului Costul ambalajului nu este cuprins in pretul marfii Ziua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea nu se includ in perioada notificata Sumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare Creditul documentar este o forma de creditare de catre banci pentru clienti comerciali in vederea derularii unor contracte de va Perioada de timp folosita pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare dupa expirarea staliilor/suma de bani pe Inseamna timpul cat armatorul va astepta, dupa expirarea staliilor, pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare-descarcare Prin aceasta expresie se inteleg: bunuri, obiecte, marfuri si articole de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii. Navlositorul va opera nava cu viteza prevazuta de uzurile porturilor. O dana la care o nava poate opera fara a se expune vre-unui pericol de orice natura ar fi. Prin marfuri se intelege : bunuri, obiecte si articole de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii si a incarcaturilor de pe punte. Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului Masa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate si pentru care cei interesati cu dreptul sa ceara despagub Activitate prin care se angajeaza spatiul de transport (total sau partial) pe o nava maritima si care de obicei se finalizeaza prin i Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului Folosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emi Timpul alocat pentru incarcere/descarcare Stalii calculate conform "uzo porto" Un notice batut la masina, sau transmis prin radio. Avarii sunt toate cheltuielile extraordinare facute pentru nava si pentru incarcatura, pentru amandoua impreuna sau pentru fiec Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru tot timpul salvat la ambele capete Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru tot timpul salvat la ambele capete Folosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emi Cumparatorul se obliga sa plateasca pentru marfa pretul stabilit Navlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit Ca un container nu poate suporta static in terminal o greutate mai mare decat cea inscrisa la aceasta rubrica Retinerea de catre caraus a marfurilor de la bord pina la plata sumelor stabilite in caz de avarie comuna. Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si norma de incarcare/descarcare Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, numai orele efectiv lucrate conteaza ca stalii Timpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul va conta in calculul staliilor la jumatate D/A-ul la cele 2 porturi de descarcare va fi suportat de navlositor Armatorul va fi raspunzator pentru orice pierde sau daune cauzate marfurilor, sau pentru orice dauna rezultata din intarzieri in l Armatorul poate sa substituie nava Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de navlositor Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul proproetarului marfii Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul proproetarului marfii De protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, inainte sau dupa inceperea voiajului,indiferent din ce cauza Transportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile York-Anvers-1974 Un cheu amenajat. Port inseamna o incinta special amenajata in care navele pot fi incarcate si/sau descarcate de marfa fiind recunoscuta in docum Perioada continua de 24 ore,care,numai daca nu se stipuleaza altfel, curge de la miezul noptii pana la miezul noptii urmatoare Orice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu un incarcator Dozeaza obligatiile vinzatorului, care suporta toate cheltuielile pina ce marfa se va incarca la bordul navei. Clauzele inscrise in contractul standard Determinarea cantitatii sa se faca prin una din metodele recunoscute international (draft survey, cantarire, etc) si numai dupa c Sa contina o prevedere clara care poate sa identifice cu exactitate locul livrarii/relivrarii La extindere protestul de mare trebuie sa aiba acelasi continut ca la depunere Afirmatia ca nava este in buna stare de navigabilitate, descrierea evenimentului cat mai pe scurt posibil si rezervarea dreptului La extinderea protestului de mare comandantul va descrie detaliat modul cum a hotarat efectuarea de sacrificii voluntare in sco Comandantul sa intocmeasca si sa depuna protestul de mare Proprietarul navei punand nava disparent ownerului nu mai are competenta in urmarirea navei

O scrisoare de garantie prin care incarcatorul se obliga sa despagubeasca pe caraus pentru orice pierdere rezultata din emiter Contractul ofera varianta de plata a navlului in avans sau plata in conformtate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire Daca nu a fost intentata o actiune de protest in termen de 1 an de la predarea marfurilor. Regulile nu se aplica in situatiile cind partile nu au convenit in mod expres in contract asupra aplicarii lor. Cind se executa un transport de marfuri pe mare numai pe baza de Ch/P si conosament. Totdeauna. Conosamentul se elibereaza conform cerintelor navlositorilor inscrise in Ch/P. Comandantul Conosamentul Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de armatorii navelor ce deservesc liniile in urma unor negocieri Armatorul Sint admise 10 zile lucratoare de contrastalii. "DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru tot timpul salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare Nu avem nici contrastalii nici timp economisit Oblogatiile carausului nu inceteaza la incarcarea marfurilor. Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul armatorului orice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor de la Hamburg. Da "DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru tot timpul salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare renegocierea contractului ca urmare a cresterii costurilor de exploatare ale navei aflta intr/un contract pe termen lung contractele de navlosire pe voiaj Comandantul va fi in legatura numai cu disponent owner-ul intruniri ale armatorilor si navlositorilor la care se dezbat probleme de interes la nivel mondial Da Navlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavo In timpul de stalii sunt incluse toate zilele saptamanii fara a se tine seama de faptul ca o zi este sau nu zi lucratoare Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasur Staliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 12.00 din ziua imediat urmatoare in care s-a transmis NOR pana la o Vor conta ca stalii toate zilele indiferent ca sunt sau nu sarbatori locale 48 de ore legea locului de incarcare a marfurilor un asigurator poate accepta asigurarea unei marfi chiar daca marfa a ajuns cu bine la destinatie FOB in situatia in care exista contradictii intre regulile literare si cele numerice se apeleaza la dreptul comun Nu cel mai tarziu la expirarea a 12 ore de la predarea marfurilor de catre caraus. Da Nu Nu se prevede expres Da Nu Nu Da Nu marfurile sunt in grija sa pe timpul transportului. este prevazut expres in contractul de transport si inscris in conosament. persoana care a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu un incarcator. raspunderea contractuala sau delictuala Da daca acest lucru se prevede expres in acreditiv. Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane, care il poate andosa unei alte persoane,aceasta devenind proprietarul d Nu

marfurile sunt transportate si livrate direct la primitor are stipulata valoarea marfii. constituie o dovada ca marfa a fost predata de producatorul acesteia. Nu are valoarea juridica a unui conosament in favoarea unei anumite persoane nominata expres Conosamentul eliberat de comandant prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava, marfurile luate in custodie, pe FIATA Clauza cu privire la navlu Armatorului si posesorului conosamentului este contractul prin care navlositorul inchiriaza nava pentru o perioada destul de lunga Dupa ce comandantul i-a informat pe navlositori ca nava se afla in contrastalii Daca nava face reparatii la capacele magaziilor in care deja s-a finalizat incarcarea In mod continuu din momentul expirarii staliilor pana la finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare cea mai mare societate de asigurare din lume Containerelor utilizate in transport naval Comandantul se subordoneaza din toate punctele de vedere navlositorului Avaria comuna este orice avarie care are loc in imprejurari fortuite, avind drept cauza forta majora. Angajarea FIOS trebuie sa mareasca valoarea navlului Comandantul nu are mijloace pentru accelerarea acestor operatiuni Poate exploata nava in" voyage charter" ,"time charter" dar nu o poate exploata in "BARE BOAT" Semnatura depusa pe conosament poate fi scrisa numai de mina. Banca efectueaza platile si tine raspunzator pe incarcare pentru eventualele nereguli fata de primitor Timpul de stalii va fi calculat prin inmultirea normei de incarcare/descarcare a marfii cu numarul gurilor de magazie ale navei si Se calculeaza conform clauzelor inserate in contract Documentul intocmit de armator si inminat navlositorului prin care se aduce la cunostinta ca nava a sosit la dana fiind gata de o Este contractul prin care armatorul unei nave stipuleaza cu un tert, ca pe baza platii unei prime, acesta sa-i plateasca o indemn Caracterul consensual stabileste un raport juridic bazat pe acordul de vointa a ambelor parti Vanzatorul transporta marfurile catre cumparator in concordanta cu clauzele inserate in mod consensual in contract Zile lucratoare inseamna o zi de 24 de ore in care conform calendarului BIMCO nu se excepta nici-o parte(ti) din acea zi. Conforma acesteia mafurile inscrise in conosament au fost incarcate la bordul navei sau au fost preluate spre incarcare. Orice posesor al conosamentului poate vinde sau transferea proprietatea asupra marfurilor, le poate depune drept garantie sau Un conosament in care agentul a inscris toate clauze prevazute in instructiunile de deschiderea acreditivului. Vinzarea internationala reprezinta un ansamblu de activitati legate de transportul unor marfuri de la un proprietar la un cumpara Inseamna ca zilele specificate nu vor conta ca stalii indiferent daca se opereaza sau nu La fel ca si in cazul unei avarii particulare Conventia internationala pentru Transportul Marfurilor in Containere BOOKING NOTE Chiria se plateste cand disparent owmer-ul dispune de sumele necesare Daca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceea Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 6 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NO Sa prelungeasca actele navei Daca dupa cele 5 zile bancare prevazute in conosament navlul nu a fost platit, armatorul va da notificarile ce se impun dupa ca marfurile au fost incarcate in stare buna Timpul utilizat inainte de inceperea staliilor se va conta ca stalii Armatorul nu are competenta legala sa ia masuri Navlositorul poate incarca orice alta marfa care necesita o capacitate volumetrica cel mult egala cu cea a marfii mentionate in c 6000$ USD 24 de ore de la primirea notificarii armatorul are obligatia de a transporta marfa doar pina in Constanta deoarece Bucuresti nu este port aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia pilot la bord si se indreapta catre portul Constanta acesta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca primul pilot folosit pentru manevra de iesire a na aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia pilot la bord si se indreapta catre una din danele portului Constan

conosament nominativ Nava va astepta sosirea marfii pentru a nu plati "SHORT SHIPPED" Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile de la data transmiterii notificarii Perioadele de timp petrecute in rada portului in care ploua se conteaza ca stalii Perioadele de timp petrecute in rada portului in care ploua nu se conteaza ca stalii Nava trebuie sa incarce cel putin o cantitate de marfa egala cu deadweight-ul brut al navei Timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare se aduna cu timpul de stalii alocat pentru descarcare si apoi se efectueaza calculele 18$ USD if laytime has expired and demurrage has not been provided for Acopera un singur voiaj Pentru ca la finalizarea contractului in cazul ca se produc avarii la marfa, sa aiba o suma de unde sa fie despagubiti Numai de comandantul navei pe care se transporta marfurile. De regulile YORK - ANVERS Cargo si Casco. A letter of indemnity signed by the shippers continously from the moment laytime expires up to completion of loading vessel is under hatch cover repairs for holds already loaded per running day or pro rata after master send a notice to charterers informing them that vessel is on demurrage always when loading or discharging is completed prior to expiration of laytime Intotdeauna deoarece stivatorii trebuie premiati pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare inaintea expirarii st Din 22 de reguli numerotate cu cifre romane. Clauzele privind curgerea staliilor In lipsa unei prevederi contrare nomineaza totdeauna comandantul Disponent owner-ul se poate imprumuta la banca si sa garanteze cu nava in orice situatie No, they have no insurable interest since they do not own the vessel or the cargo Multimodal transport document; Yes, he has a common law lien on cargo in his possesion for its contribution to a General Average a monopolistic market In aprecierea caracterului restrictiv al mentiunilor facute pe conosament trebuie sa se aibe in vedere daca sunt afectate interes Conosamente la ordin si conosamente directe Da In blank elementul de pierdere totala Ambalaj solid Ca navlul se va plati in intregime dupa semnarea conosamentelor dar inainte de eliberarea lor Ca navlul se va plati in proportie de 95% intr-un numar de zile consecutive dupa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentului Ca nava va opera conform clauzelor inscrise in mod consensual in contract if wind force is below 4 on Beaufort Scale it is enough that charterers consider her off-hire for owners account voyage orders freight market is expected to rise per metric or long or short ton of cargo per weight or measurement at shipper's risk bills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in the same country from tackle at loading port to delivery at discharging port when carriage is covered by a charteparty bill of lading to carriage of goods by road Bills of lading is issued in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified they are considered valid if one of the parties demonstrates that they were deleted by mistake

Every party to a common adventure is covering its own looses if they are below the deductible, otherwise they are shared equa they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned which is paid by the party they represe By obtaining a court order to allow him to put lien on cargo at the discharging port for these amounts By asking port authorities what is berthing time and droping anchor where ordered by port authorities by stopping the vessel when repairs are required by procuring a special insurance for these kind of claims The true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable consideration and in this way the ownersh A working day is a day or part of the day not expressly excluded from laytime A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice the relevant work du Laytime is calculated according with Booking Note Above expression shall mean a working day of 24 working hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or disc hire is paid when charterers receive the freight for every voyage perfomed Hire is usually paid at internvals of 15 or 30 days Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be co Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be co for just a single voyage Maximum 6 non negotiable copies of a bill of lading can be issued maximum 10 working days twelve A bill can be issued in as many originals as required by the shippers with the only condion that number of originals is clarly inse if bill of lading is marked "freight prepaid" by employing non union stevedoring companies if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian he should wait in the hope that the situation may improve vessel is angaged in unlawful ventures Disponent owners it is in the hands of the charterer it is clear that the charterer has the option to choose the quantity of cargo to be loaded which anyhow should be between the m will be operated at one good safe anchorage which is always accessible and where she will lay always afloat the cost of implementing safety measures is very high laytime will start once Notice of readiness is properly tendered should wait for the cargo in order not to loose freight ask for a letter of indemnity not to be kept responsible for cargo damages master can hand bills to the agents and agents will decide when to release it a bill of lading marked "clean on board" based on a letter of indemnity from the shippers a new notice of readiness is required when the vessel is actualy ready master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person USD 18 per metric ton USD 18$ per metric ton owners charterers are entitled to compensate the estimated value of damages with the freight due has to follow custom of the port and accept lightening actual time used will count only if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX UU owners are entitled to damages for detention for all time lost bareboat charterer when the vessel enter the administrative, legal and fiscal area of the port of Constanta shipowners employement of LILO terms charterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacity the master can not tender NOR before 10th December even if the vessel is in all respects ready to load before should agree to vacate the berth and in the same time inform P&I correspondent to carry on his activities without fear for any loss as the insurance company has to cover any loss owners have to prove that cargo was not damaged due to their fault

owners are responsible for the damages, unless they can prove that cargo was not damaged by their fault date of completion loading for all cargo USD 27,000 USD 27,000 USD 12,500 USD 12,500 market value of the vessel at the time of loss owners are entitled to freight without any deductions vessel will be delivered when she pass Sulina Pilot Station on her way out of the port vessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berth vessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berth if the vessel is employed of free in and out terms No, one of the documents required to get a claim paid is the policy and if same is not signed claim can not be settled owners have the right to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid before delivery of the cargo NOR can be tendered by delivery of a printed form or letter General average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the country where the voyage starts The cargo owners position is the same like the cargo was loaded under deck and they contribute to General Average or receive despatch is payable for working time saved A Standard Bunker Clause charterers charterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo discharging expenses both shipowners and charterers most probably, charterers time used before commencement of laytime will count master can release bills to the shippers unless he is instructed otherwise by the owners charterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo discharging expenses express terms of the charterparty have priority of interpretation the owners have no mean of recourse against charterers actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging time Saturdays and holidays are not counted as laytime Saturdays and holidays are counted as laytime shifting time is counted as laytime shifting time is counted as laytime nett weight on quantity ascertained at loading port the charterer can load any other cargo as long as its stowage factor is not higher and he pays the freight agreed in the charter-p freight is paybale even if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after completion of loading actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging time time lost due to lack of cargo will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning time lost due to lack of cargo will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning the owners are responsible for wrong delivery of the cargo only if all original are presented if the weather is good and distance short owners can risk and send her at sea he is still entitled to limit his liability according with either Hague or Hamburg Rules the carrier is bound to issue one based on information from Mate's receipt master release the cargo and return original bill of lading to the receiver laytime is calculated separately for ports of loading and discharging only BIMCO approved forms must be used transhipment of the cargo is always acceptable carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo only up to Constanta, as Bucharest is not a port shipowner shipowners

to every voyage performed unpaid freight perhaps, depending on local law to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy carriers exceptions to liabilities H&M and P&I insurers FIOST - Marfa va fi adusa in hambare, incarcata, stivuita si rujata si luata din hambare si descarcata de navlositori sau agentii Pentru fiecare port conform normei de incarcare/descarcare o pierdere aparuta in cadrul avariei comune Aspectele comerciale ale voiajului Netto FOB FOB Nava este inclinata 10 grade spre babord la plecarea din portul de incarcare nava este abandonata deoarece pirderea totala reala pare inevitabila Nava are bord marfuri perisabile La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca au convenit ca atare. the party whom the carrier is instructed to tender notice of readiness at discharging port Hague - Visby rules apply continously from port A to port B use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded no matter who the holder of the bill of lading is. the bareboat owner Master will sign "Clean on board" bills of lading only if shippers and receivers sign a Letter of Indemnity The master can release the cargo against one copy of the original bill of lading Numarul de copii nenegociabile sunt indicate de agentul navei protectia oferita este mutuala, in sensul ca fiecare armator este in acelasi timp si asigurator si asigurat apartin armatorilor armatorul va primi navlul in functie de numarul teoretic de voiaje consecutive ce pot fi efectuate de nava Armatorul se poate baza in continuare pe conventiile de limitare a responsabilitatilor cel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de bareboat este caraus Armatorul nu este responsabil daca marfurile se pierd indiferent de cauza din care acestea se pierd este datoria armatorului sa demonstreze ca marfurile nu s/au avariat din vina sa armatorul este responsabil daca nu demonstreaza ca marfurile nu s-au avariat din vina sa Navlositorul este indreptatit sa compenseze contravaloarea avariilor cu o parte din navlu si sa plateasca diferenta armatorului nava intra la adapost in cazul conditiilor meteorologice nefavorabile (vint forta 10, mare extrem de agitata) Disponent owner-ul Masurile de siguranta ce trebuiesc luate conduc la cheltuieli mari Comandantul va semna un astfel de conosament daca primeste ordin de la armator Regulile de la HAGA Dupa acostarea navei si finalizarea controalelor de rutina este obligatoriu ca acesta sa fie identic cu modelele aprobate de BIMCO nava transporta droguri In oricate exemplare cu singura conditie ca numarul conosamentelor originale sa fie mentionat in conosament. on number of theoretical voyages that can be performed este acela de marfa care ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei sau conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a nav Proprietarul navei Toate ordinele armatorului in ceea ce priveste porturile de incarcare Taxele de tranzitare prin stramtori/canale sunt in sarcina armatorului indiferent de forma de navlosire in proportie de 100 % de asiguratorii H&M the safety of the cargo Booking note Pe cantitatea de marfa incarcata Pe greutatea bruta

transbordarea marfurilor este permisa in anumite imprejurari La sosirea navei in rada portului de destinatie Doar in primul port de incarcare in fiecare port de escala al navei In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight payable as per charter party" In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid" uzura normala a obiectului asigurat asigurarea CASCO se anuleaza imediat daca nava este in port este necesar a se determina daca nava poate ajunge pina in urmatorul port cu cantitatea de combustibil de la bord este obligatorie doar pentru navele ce transporta produse petroliere el are dreptul de a demonstra contrariul indiferent in posesia cui se afla conosamentul caraus si orice posesor al conosamentului Este acelasi cu nivelul contrastaliilor comandantul va accepta sa emita conosamente fara remarci doar daca incarcatorul ii furnizeaza o scrisoare de garantie prin ca comandatul poate elibera marfa si fara a se prezenta un conosament original comandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile posesorului conosamentului sa-si defasoare activitatile dupa cum doreste, deoarece asigurarea trebuie sa plateasca orice despagubire comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, doar daca ii sunt prezentate toate exemplarele originale Se subintelege ca aceste limite sunt in optiunea armatorului si ca acesta are dreptul de a alege orice cantitate ce se incadreaza Despatch-ul se plateste pentru o perioada de timp egala cu diferenta dintre momentul in care expira staliile si in momentul in ca on vessel's arrival at discharging port conditions a regular and international meeting of all carriers operating scheduled liner services between some designated ports, with the p Nava va opera imediat ce dana va fi dana libera that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging ports that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging ports that at both loading and discharging port there will be no demurrage payable to the owners the previous voyage a ship was reasonably abandoned on account of its actual actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable if he fails to keep his ship in good condition when a ship was so badly damaged that the costs of repais would exceed the value of the repaired vessel P&I clubs are involved in salvage cases since they pay the salvage reward after the ship has been damaged from any cause when there is a discrepancy between ship's and shore cargo figures when cargo is loaded too fast or too slow FOB FOB the ship is listed 8 degrees on port side on sailing vessels sailed from last port without statutory certificates vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes bareboat charter-parties O inspectie atenta a corpului navei si a instalatiilor sale Baltic and International Conference, Copenhagen Da, daca conosamentul este semnat de comandant Nu Nu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantie Da Nu Da acela ca in anumite imprejurari se remunereaza operatiunile de salvare a vietii umane pe mare Acord intre parti comisionul platit unui curtier maritim pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial.

Destinatarul marfurilor, incarcatorul, sau banca emitenta poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane Navlositor In sarcina armatorului Armatorului Incarcatorului marfii Pastreaza controlul navei din punct de vedere legal legal navlositor armatorul navei navlositor 12 ore consecutive Navlositor Proprietarului marfilor chiriasul navei armatorul Chiriasului navei Navlositorul marfii armatorului navei echipajului navei Armatorului-navlositor Proprietarului marfilor Inseamna o zona in care navele incarca sau descarca marfuri fie ca este vorba de incarcare la dana, ancoraj, geamanduri sau pentru fiecare voiaj efectuat de nava Under no circumstances a vessel can be redeliered dirty The disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship, as he has vessel's possesion during the charter-party Yes, always the seller is the shipper Regulile de la Haga, Hamburg si York Anvers elibereaza marfurile si nu retine la bord conosamentul original La 840 DST pe colet si 3 DST. pe kg; La de doua ori valoarea navlului pentru marfurile intarziate la livrare; FIOST Sa plateasca jumatate din chirie pentru perioada respectiva Armatorul sa informeze armatorul inainte de a semna. Charter Party Strike clauses are considered a fraudulent practice and can never be accepted by the owners a market dominated in the same time by monopol and perfect competition Unei scrisori de garantie bancara the biggest insurance company in the world FILO terms LILO terms Marfuri neomogene, ambalate si de dimensiuni mai reduse, satisfacand partial, ele singure capacitatea de incarcare a unei nav Marfuri omogene, neambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a navei Egala cu produsul dintre navlul unitar si cantitatea de marfa neincarcata de catre navlositor pana la limita maxima stabilita in co gradul de pericol suportat de nava salvatoare Hague Rules 0, 15 milioane dolari 0, 15 milioane dolari Custom of the port Navlul platit armatorului pentru punerea la dispozitia navlositorului a intregii capacitati de incarcare a navei Despagubirea pe care o primeste armatorul pentru capacitatea de transport neutilizata

Suma de bani pe tona sau metru cub Suma de bani globala indiferent de cantitatea de marfa incarcata de navlositor Doar in prima zi a L/C Cambia sau trata reprezinta un titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana denumita tragator da ordin altei persoane denumita 3666.66 USD Armatorul navei Nava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate daca ceapa s-a incarcat in primul port iar ciocolata in cel de-al doilea port 6 zile 7 zile 6 ore 6 zile 16 ore 5 zile si 20 ore 32,000 metric tone 5 percent more or less in owners option cele 2 containere cazute peste bord 9000 tone 10.500 tone 10800 tone In momentul in care ancoreaza la Sulina In momentul in care ajunge in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Constanta In momentul in care ajunge in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Constanta aveam de-a face cu o avarie comuna deoarece actul a fost intentionat Are de efectuat reparatii la capacele magaziei numarul 2 proprietarul tevilor este indreptatit sa fie despagubit in cadrul avariei comune entitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe port entitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe port Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the time of departure fr forbidden amendments document prepared by the insurance company of the cargo in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted a costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata creste este suficient sa considere navlositorul ca nava respectiva subperformeaza Cele inscrise in contract se estimeaza ca navlurile vor creste Se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire Se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire monopolul armatorilor Orice avarie produsa la bordul navei in scopul salvarii navei si/sau echipajului. Ca nava va incarca o marfa fara a incalca legislatia din portul de incarcare si din portul de descarcare ca nava va incarca o marfa fara a incalca legislatia din portul de incarcare, din portul de descarcare si eventual a statului al car Timpul lucrat in conditii de vreme nefavorabila se va conta ca stalii Se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde imediat dupa incarcare dar inainte de semnarea conosamentelor se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde imediat dupa incarcare dar inainte de semnarea conosamentelor Sunt satisfacute doar interesele navlositorului care poate finaliza operatiunile de incarcare chiar daca a depasit perioada de tim Totalitatea sumelor de bani pe care armatorul le poate solicita de la navlositor in situatia in care nu reuseste sa gaseasca marf Perioada de timp alocata prin contractul de navlosire reprezentantilor navlositorului pentru a efectua operatiunile de incarcare s Navlositorului - chirias be considered General Average since the cargo, the freight and the ship will be able to continue the voyage after repairs Exista o prevedere expresa in contractul de navlosire ce permite armatorului incarcarea marfurilor pe punte Conosamentul este emis intr-o tara care a ratificat regulile Da acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 60 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare. 845 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 2,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor p de doua ori si jumatate valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere. Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este "clean".

Nu se prevede expres. La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca portul de incarcare se afla intr-un stat ce a ratificat conv BIMCO cu sediul la COPENHAGA Conditiile pe care sa le indeplineasca partile contractante in vederea acceptarii/realizarii unui contract international de vanzare Regula de interpretare, regula Paramount, regulile literale A-G avand caracter de principii generale, regulile numerice I-XXII ref Toate remarcile de pe ordinul de incarcare referitoare la marfa si/sau ambalajul marfii se vor transfera pe conosament have to be included into bill of lading agreements voluntarily entered in to save property from vessels that already sunk sunt considerate o practica fraudulenta si nu trebuie niciodata acceptate de catre armator pot fi acceptate de catre comandant daca este vorba de un navlositor mare, cu care armatorul are contracte regulate $ 0.12 milion $ 0.12 milion Capitanul secund al navei si este contrasemnat de catre stivatori document drawn up by the stevedoring company listing the working and non working periods together with reasons for work int the master and is countersigned by the stevedoring company and ship's agent acceptati serviciul oferit de salvatori, deoarece nivelul primei de salvare va fi stabilit de instanta Orce persoana de catre care sau in numele careia sau din autorizarea careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport the quality of bunker on delivery Custom of the port Seawaybill is not a document of title there is a special provision in the contract of carriage allowing the shipowner to load cargoes on deck to contracts of carriage covered by seawaybills or any other similar document of title , is so far e as such documents refer to ca If cargo is stowed on deck and Bill of Lading is clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on deck by multiplying difference between minimum quantity charterer is an under an obligation to load and quantity loaded with the unit loading and discharging charges are almost always for charterers account and this is made clear by the bill's of lading terms, co usually sets out some fairly basic provisions but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or all of the provisions of a prelaytime usually commences at 07.00 next working day subject to weather permitting is the servant of the charterers split losses incurred for the common good equitably over all the interests which benefit the degree of danger to the salvage ship despatch for quick loading or discharging change of crew agency dictates the precise circumstances and conditions which must arise for General Average Lay time is always counted as laytime to keep actual possesion of the goods ca un act sau o omisiune a carausului Se estimeaza ca euro va creste in raport cu dolarul documentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului initial, fara nici o interventie din partea navlositorului Nu este indicata persoana careia I se transmite conosamentul Round Trip Charter este bine sa ajutati nava in cauza deoarece astfel reduceti o serie de cheltuieli suplimentare pentru companie LONDRA COPENHAGA/1990 La Capitania portului de inmatriculare a navei Conosamentele nu se pot tranzactiona, detinatorul legal al conosamentului fiind proprietarul marfurilor to ordinary commercial shipments made in the ordinary course of trade and where there is no justification for any special agree Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's supervision act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the shi act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the shi act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the cargo The sacrifice or expenditure must be extraordinary

the action taken must be for the common safety where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods may be carried on deck, and the Master will issue a second set of Bills of Lading if the true holder of the bill of lading declares that he lost the first set. Hamburg Rules before commencement of loading valoarea de piata a navei la momentul scufundarii greutatea ce poate fi stivuita deasupra unui container, astfel ca in timpul calatoriei solicitarile dinamice sa nu avarieze container voyage charter-parties wetting previously undamaged cargo while extinguishing a fire A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in the owners have no legal right to interfere, charterers will be responsble if at the end of the contract the vessel is not redelivere contractual salvage Seaway bill General Average Guarantee to decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an alternative to litigation to negociate the terms and conditions of a charterparty and to ask for approval from owners or charterers before signature Hague Rules a maritime lien is a lien against the property whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the person To insure member shipowners and operators against third party liabilities not covered by their hull and machinery policies and t capital costs to be original The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of dama The seller must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta) possesory liens she can repudiate the contract and claim damages she can repudiate the contract and claim damages A clear identification of loading and discharging ports They would be liable for cargo loss, damage and delay, but they would be able to limit their liability according to the Hague or H Hague Rules on contracts of affreighment markets mixed policy total losses prepaid despatch for all time saved is always higher than despatch for working time saved unit costs is increasing while deadweight is increasing Result of a laytime calculation can be either demurrage or despatch They should send to the charterers a notification after due date and if the charterers do not pay during grace period, owners ca as long as demurage is paid there is no problem and he should not interfere Any lawful cargoes Cover against actual total loss or constructive total loss of his ship's hull, machinery and equipment cover against accidental damage to his ship's hull, machinery and equipment all expenses incurred by the carrier to return his vessel to original load port if he is not able to find suitable employment It means that if the vessel will ballast for long time between loaded legs owners are entitled to a compensation for all their extra It means that charterer has the liberty to add together loading and discharging time and make the calculations like loading and It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking the regulations at loadi according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality A bill of lading which can be transferred from one person to another by orders from the shipper or the person who issued it at s it means that the vessel has to be operated into a certain period of time after arrival A "bearer" bill of lading is a bill of lading that has the words "to bearer" or "to holder" in the consignee space or after indorsment the fact that water density at respective port of call is higher than sea water density

it means that charterers have the right to appoint t loading and discharging ports It means that charterers have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amount It means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual time used before commencement of laytime w It means that if no loading or discharging berth is available on her arrival, the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or It means that the vessel can tender the notice of readiness even if coustom formalities have not been completed It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if free practique is not obtained, but if latter on free practique is no It means that master can tender notice of readiness only if the vessel is within the port limits, is waiting at usual waiting place an It means that notice of readiness can only be tendered once the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or wher It means that, according to custom of the port, an expert will calculate how many days are allowed to the charererer or his agen The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the chart An agreed amount paid to the charterer for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyage A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) who is entitled to endorse the bill It means that the days specified do not count as laytime unless loading or discharging is carried out on them a set of original, "clean on board" Bills of Lading made out "to order" a full packing list with cargoes to be loaded after completion of survey report and a proposed stowage plan protection against thirst party liabilities not covered by hull and machinery policies Protection against vessel's arrest for right or wrong cargo claims for which owners are responsible It means that the vessel should be ready either phisically or legaly sacrifices fittedness for the intended voyage Cargo is retained under owners custody till settlement A new Notice of readiness is tendered immediately after inspection if master consider at least one hold is ready for loading on hire survey a full inspection of the hull an ship's equipments a system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the cost of bunker a system of protecting the shippers when their expenses are expressed in other currency than the currency they pay the freight every damage to a property generated by a maritime peril and for which master/crew is not responsble A notice given to the charterer, shipper, receiver or any other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel will arrive one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that suplement a standard charter-party form the bank is releasing the money and keep the seller responsible for any claims at discharging port a premium levied on P&I Club's members by the club managers a person who is the temporar owner of the vessel performing the carriage from one place to another an approved standard agreement containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship. A bill of lading that can replace a charterparty An agreement between a shipper and a carrier, for the carriage of a large number of containers between specific places, over a An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large quantity of named goods between specific place a claim value or threshold which must be reached before any claim will be met by the insurer a compulsory minimum charge payable by the shipowners to their P&I club for each loss they recover under an insurance polic A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form. A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form. a firm specialising in paying the freight for and on behalf of the charterers and preparing the logistic process A general average act is any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure that is incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurers for adjusting and providing the general average statement showing contr A partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting owners interests involved in a voyage An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller prese a carrier who is transporting cargoes only for his own interest and from time to time for close charaterers a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, even if there is some a A solemn declaration made by a charterer under oath before a notary public to the effect that the loss, damage or delay to the s The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the administrative activities of the ship a bill of lading issued when part of the goods are loaded on board the ship a contract for hire of a named vessel, with or without crew, for a specified period of time A time sheet is a document drawn up by shipowners or charterers which details the time worked together with the laytime used

a term of the policy which when breached allow the underwriter to get compensation from the assured One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the loading port, allowing the shipp all natural events including wind and waves A signed undertaking given by the cargo receivers stating that, in return for delivery to the or their order of the goods noted in th A wrongful act wilfully commited by the charterers or crew to the prejudice of the owner or receiver The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, charterers have the option to cancel the cha A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for his failure to load the vessel up to her maximum de A monetary reward payable by owners to charterers for completion of cargo operations before the laytime has expired The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for the carriage of goods from the port of shipment to the agreed destination. the clause from the rider has priority of interpretation over the clause from the standard form The owners have the right to discharge the cargo at the nearest port if they are not paid the outstanding hire in full The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the owner must make and keep the ship avai a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate if they are not proper looked for It means that the assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is k withing Institute Navigation Limits a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of the date of the credit or 21 days after signature if a date of expiry a clause that provides that the assured has no duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo coming into or going out of a ship The right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for the performance of an obligation under contract they have to take into consideration shippers' interests between 70,000 and 150,000 dwt between 28,000 and 45,000 dwt between 18,000 and 35,000 dwt between 35,000 and 75,000 dwt between 48,000 and 58,000 dwt There is no difference as both common law and contractual lien have to be incorporated by a term expressed in the contract in Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail at loading port while under CIF delivery risks "per working hatch" means that laytime is calculated basis number of holds under loading and "per workable hatch" means that There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24 hours can extend itself over more days if wo Whereas in carriage of goods law breach of a warranty only allows the injured party to sue for damages, in insurance law breac If deck cargo is saved by a General average act, the owner of the deck cargo will have to pay a bonus to the owners on cargo d The shipowner will be liable for all losses to the goods owner to export on CIF terms and import on FOB terms It means that freight has to be paid before commencing loading operations INCOTERMS 2007 1994 The level of damages for detention is always equal with the level of demurrage he can sell the goods after arrival at discharging port the owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in fixing the ship profitably Vessel is from all points of view under charterers control for a long period of time a loss generated by a maritime peril To indemnify is to either replace goods lost or to offer financial compensation at assured option always a tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptable Booking Note to enable the seller to take control of the goods soon after the shipment According to Paramount Rule allowance for sacrifice or expenditure is only accepted if it is reasonably made or incurred Incorporates the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules FOB Bill of lading has to be in strict conformity with Letter of Credit requirements, any discrepancy can delay or refuse payment The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a alternative me In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate is "as fast as the vessel can receive" Such a letter of indemnity has no value in law and most jurisdictions treat is as null and void and contrary to public order

taking a route which is not the custom of the trade, for purely private reasons neutral damages to the ship or cargo due to efforts to extinguish a fire jetison of cargo, when it is carried in accordance with a recognised custom of the trade It can ask for a mortgage on the cargo or on other proprty belonging to the buyer pilotage purchase costs drydocking and survey crewing canal tools cargo handling costs when the ship is employed on FIO basis Stop the vessel and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the charterparty or not Enter the shipper's figures on the Bill of Lading he should do whatever is required to protect charterers interests Make daily atempts to have the notice the notice accepted "NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL" liner carriers Hull & Machinery Insurance if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaw he should continue tendering "without prejudice notices" whenever the situation is changing master is not required to contact the owners as he is the one ultimately responsible for vessel and crew it is important to know if vessel has enough bunker up to next usual bunkering place Before delivery of cargo to receivers at destination port They are not an acceptable practice and their use can be considered a fraudulent practice. quality of the cargo the carrier is not responsible for any cargo damage the need to comply with requirements of safety management systems USD 120,000 USD 120,000 port expenses are covered by the owner port expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the charterer when parties agree to incorporate them into an international sale contract Immediately after berthing and completion of arrival formalities When goods arrive at destination with minor damages only after the cargo has been loaded on board the ship in maximum 48 hours after noting intial sea protest whenever he has some indications that receivers will lodge a claim against the vessel for possible cargo damage medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage should be equal with the speed mentioned in the charterparty Always when cargo is carried on sea and country where setlement is made has ratified York Antwerp Rules before a responsible maritime authority at registration port or before the consul of the flag state can be considered General Average, since the master is avoiding a real and substantial peril No, shipmaster is under no statutory obligation to save the ship or the crew operating costs the master is entitled to deliver the cargo as required by the charterer make the ship seaworthy assume that time chartererers are legally the carrier and wait for their instructions damage done by CO2 FCA and DES Collision Average salvor's lien on ship and/or her cargo for his reward service consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designaed ports service consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designated ports

CFR DEQ FOB 4000 metric tons per day loading and discharging clauses Charterparty terms Bill of lading looses atributable to negligence of the Master, officers, Crew or Pilots loss or damage caused by perils of the sea, rivers, lakes or other navigable waters loss or damage caused by negligence of Master, Officers, Crew and Pilots shipped on deck at shippers' risks "CONLINEBILL" FIO FOB heavy wether damage Liability for Property Damage Baltime expert knowledge of arbitrators to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy to provide a vessel which is seaworthy for the purpose of the contract (when the contract is made) Vessel to be an arrived ship a shipowner not disclosing that a vessel failed a special survey inadequate bunkers Basically it is a "No Cure, No pay" contract freight ad valorem freight per weight per cargo weight receipt for the goods, issued by the carrier; Insurable interest to provide a seaworthy ship suitable for the carrying the intended cargo to nominate loading and discharging ports in their geographic order accepted charter-parties 5 total weather working day payment of freight clause 500 metric tons per hatch per day 10 bundles missing Free in and out Freight payable within 3 banking days from signing/releasing bills of lading marked "freight payable as per charter party" Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargo Netto CFR FOB tally reports Statement of facts Act of God Freight prepaid Freight prepaid Freight paid Charterparty form Geographic area of operation Charterparty form distance between loading and discharging ports

sudden change of weather after charter-party date to arrive at loading port before cancelling date liabilities in respect of stowaways and persons saved at sea Texacodemise Coalvoy Baltimore Form C Austral Australore Bptankvoy Medwood Protection offered is mutual, each member being in the same time insurer and assured Bill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and conditio some areas of the world are open for navigation all the year P&I insurance premiums crew expenses The seller of the goods the seller the seller the seller shipowners insurance brokers Canal Transit expenses are covered by the charterers and risks for delay are on owners account charterers Only master or vessel's agent at loading port. shipowners the party who proposed the agent to the shipowners stevedoring company is appointed and paid by the owners the master charterers cargo owners to make sure that somebody has not deleted some lines Because of the special risks to which goods stowed on deck are exposed to give the owners the opportunity to recover the common law expenses made by the owners which are due and not paid befor to deliver the cargo only against presentation of all originals This is important because quite often charterers want to see the vessel arriving before they go for weekend York-Antwerp 2004 Rules are too new on the market and there are not enough cases to understand how they are interpreted because it is always good to wait and see what will be the claim and based on it to modify some documents in order to protect o Because sometimes cargo is damaged during voyage and charterers want to compensate damages with balance freight Master will only maintain communication with disponent owners accept the service without thinking about money, as anyhow the reward for salvage will be established by the court

Data 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

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1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Raspuns2 owners are relieved from responsibility for inland transportation bill of lading which bears no superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or contradicts t bareboat charterer guarantee that the cargo will be delivered in the same condition as on loading expression "freight payable as per charterparty" is included in the bill of lading the notify party after the cargo has been stored in a terminal belonging to the stevedoring company shipowner and charterer whether sufficient bunker is on board on nomination the master is entitled to show that cargo is not clean can be a valid notice of readiness if this is the custom of the port once the ship is anchored in the road of nominated port and is ready in al respects to start loading or discharging operations once she is alongside at nominated berth Ship's agent can take property of the coal and keep in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid or sell it laytime will start on commencement of discharging operation once the vessel is at the intended berth once the vessel is at the intended berth Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness and it was not interrupted by any event up the c the operation can only be carried out if the charterers of the vessel deviating from the usual navigation route approve deviation if onion was loaded before chocolate 9500 metric tons 9500 metric tons 9500 metric tons No, this action can not be considered General Average as there is no immediate danger 31,000 metric tons 5 pct molchop 34,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers option When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will decrease a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least on Trip Charter the ship is seaworthy from technical point of view once the vessel is berthed at berth 35 repairs of main engine are under way ship's cranes are out of order and they are required for loading actual time used will never count as Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded from laytime if work is carried out during th the owners are not entitled to bunker the vessel if after bunkering vessel's cargo capacity is below 5250 mts once the vessel is berthed at loading or discharging berth master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all ports of call Charterer has to pay agreed lumpsum freight the master should load only clean cargo in order to avoid breaching charter-party terms and conditions 12,000 USD 10,000 USD 4 days 21 hours 36 minutes 6 days 5 days 19 hours 12 minutes cargo damage to hold number 1 cargo damage to hold number one Nava va opera intr-un port si dana sigura nedepasind pe durata stationarii pescajul maxim permis No - a greater degree of care. any vessel used in the carriage ofgoods or passengers by sea for attempting to save life or property at sea

666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight pa if it is clearly mentioned on the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if n consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the last of the despatch money shall be payable from the time of pilot boarding for departure at load or discharge ports to the expiry of laytime an agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of berthing delay for which the owner is not responsible an option given to the charterer to use discharging terms and conditions at loading port and loading terms and conditions at dis a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would he possible to load/d a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel within 48 running hours after the receipt of the owners notice the owners should have the option of cancelling the charter-party has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for any purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all s at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during stevdoring company office hours , and at 06.00 hours next working day if n the shippers or receivers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the owners intaken quantity the seventh day after the new readiness stated in the owners notification goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the charterparty the o freight, deadfreight, demurrage and damages for detention the specific place within a port where the vessel is to load or discharge an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include unless claim is made within one year after delivery of the goods resulted from negligence or omission of the carrier or his servants done without intent to cause such loss, damage or delay fit to perform the voyage under good weather conditions Forma a incasoului documentar prin care clientul transmite bancii sale documente care atesta indeplinirea obligatiilor care I-au they become null and void any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as in gol The shipowners have no right to put lien on cargoes carried by the vessel, as voyage charterer most probably paid all freight to Owners are under an obligation to have only H&M insurance atat de avariate incat s-au pierdut calitatea de bunuri comerciale 80% by H & M insurers and 20% by P&I insurers the exporter or freight forwarder the general average element according with charterparty stipulations viteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului poate sa fie mai redusa cu 0,5 Noduri decit viteza inscrisa in contract se are invedere si ambalajul marfii 20 de zile dupa emitere Nu, fara acordul primitorului marfii Da Nu Da, cu acordul carausului Order Bills of Lading the master is entitled to proceed like this, as he is the one responsible for the safety of the ship/crew and cargo Se pot schimba unele cu altele raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare owners interests are satisfied as if the vessel delays more than the charterparty provides for, they are allowed to a daily compe the charterparty may require owners to investigate complains by charterers regarding the master, and replace him if required No, since there is no cargo on board there is not a common adventure Depends on the circumstances an accident occurs Cand pierderea, avarierea sau interzierea in livrare a rezultat din culpa comandantului; Cand nu a fost platita chiria la termenii prevazuti in contract si la notificarile armatorului in legatura cu acest fapt navlositorul a c

Creditul documentar prin acreditiv este in avantajul vanzatorului Sa informeze armatorul care prompt va investiga cele reclamate si in caz ca le gaseste intemeiate va proceda in consecinta Cand continutul unei astfel de scrisori a fost garantat de catre o banca reputabila Se vor aplica numai daca partile au prevazut expres acest lucru in contractul de navlosire sau in conosament Cand o nava a sosit in port, a acostat si ia fost acceptat notice-ul Dreptul de retentie se poate exercita dupa ce armatorul a trimis navlositorului preavizarile necesare Amararea, asigurarea si /sau fardarea este ceruta de armator, costul fiind suportat tot de el Inainte de inceperea incarcarii Inserare in contract a unor clauze standard care se utilizeaza in contracte indiferent de tara unde se desfasoara contractul Amendamentele se fac doar de catre specialisti Introducerea paletizarii si containerizarii? Dezvoltarea infrastructurilor portuare? Transportul maritim costier nu se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si transportul rutier Modul de transport al marfii Cheltuieli cu combustibilul Cheltuieli cu combustibilul clauza referitoare la buna stare de navigabilitate FOB; CIF 45.000-90.000 twd 400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day laydays as per custom of port obligatia de a depune diligenta cuvenita pentru a pune la dispozitia navlositorului o nava in buna stare de navigabilitate responsabilitati fata de marfa in unele zone ale globului navigatia este interzisa tot timpul anului Sa aiba in vedere ca actioneaza doar in numele armatorului si sa incerce sa-l apere cit de mult poate 8 running days nivelul tarifelor de transport fluctueaza frecvent in functie evolutia pietei navlurilor Navlul calculat in functie de durata voiajului Navlul calculat pe unitatea de volum Navlul se stabileste conform pietei de valori mobiliare Navlul conform ratei indicate de BIMCO Prin referinta Word Bulk Scale Nu se aplica transporturilor combinate; Transporturilor de marfuri periculoase; Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului international"; Documente pentru determinarea cauzelor avariei, pentru determinarea avariilor, pentru determinarea cheltuielilor, pentru determ in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile strec peste copastia navei in Conosamentul insoteste marfurile numai in transportul pe mare pe cand "MULTIDOC-ul" insoteste marfa si pe transportul rutie SEA-WAYBILL In stalii nu se include zilele de duminica si zilele de sarbatori legale Daca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea nu se vor conta ca stalii In stalii se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale Timpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate nu va conta ca timp de stalii Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea pre Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea pre Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea pre in orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 10% conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga numai dupa o inspectie a navlositorului care va declara nava apta c Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practica Conform acestei expresii nava este considerata apta pentru incarcare numai dupa ce a obtinut libera practica Conform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR imediat dupa sosire la orice loc uzual de asteptare din port sau din afara p Angajarea FI/LO

FIOST Chiria se plateste la fiecare sfarsit de luna pentru luna in curs Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 14.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 08.00 in urmatoarea Navele opereaza conform capacitatii de operare a portului unde incarca sau descarca MERSEYCON Acest tip de conosament nu se mai foloseste fiind retras din "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party; Nava este subordonata navlositorului numai in ceea ce priveste asigurarea unei bune stari de navigabilitate pe toata perioada d Armatorul are dreptul sa astepte 10 zile consecutiv fata de termenii prevazuti in contract dupa care se aplica procedura legala d Dupa preavizarile necesare, armatorul va duce pe cheltuiala lui marfa la destinatie, va intocmi un "statement" cu documente jus Ele se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si nu se iau in considerare in nici o imprejurare Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului nu trebuie sa fie nici o legatura, cel din urma reflectand mo D/A-ul in porturile de incarcare sau descarcare este suportat de navlositor Un port de incarcare un port de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator Clauza se regaseste in contractele comerciale de vinzare internationala, stabilind ca in pretul marfii se include navlul si asigura Cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea marfurilor sint in sarcina navlositorului. Inserarea acestor clauze pune in sarcina armatorului toate cheltuielile de incarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor. Staliile vor incepe sa curga indiferent daca nava este in dana sau nu. Se vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre Se vor face calcule separate pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcarii Import FOB, export CIF Regulile de la Haga si Haga-Visby FIO, FIOS, FIOT, FILO, LIFO, LILO asigurarea raspunderilor armatorului cu privire la corpul navei si la marfurile transportate. Punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate legala si contractuala. Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate si armarea, echiparea si a INCOTERMS, RAFTD si Regulile de la Hamburg. Accidentul este consecinta unui pericol maritim, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si ch Cele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAID", "FREIGHT PAYABLE A Sa fie originar, vizibil Clauza "se spune de catre incarcator ca ar contine" Clauzele referitoare la responsabilitatile armatorului Clauza referitoare la modalitatea de semnare a conosamentului Clauzele: DHDATSBE si DHDWTSBE Nava sa fie in dana, NOR inaintat, nava in libera practica FIOT, FOT, FAS C&F, CIF, CPT DES, DDU,DAF, DNP Nava sa fie acostata si NOR-ul acceptat BIMCO, IMO si SOLAS Conosamentul Distanta dintre porturi Tipul de conosament utilizat Functie paralela cu contractul de transport, poate fi utilizat ca singur document de transport, titlu probatoriu, titlu de credit repre Propaganda comerciala FI/LO si LO/FI Freight payable after signing B/L, freight payable after releasing B/L Stabilirea calificarii si competentei echipajului, determinarea starii tehnice a navei deoarece nava va trebui relivrata in aceeasi s Containerele vor purta o placuta care sa ateste ca sigiliile sunt in concordanta cu prevederile CONVENTIEI Armatorul preda navlositorului in intregime gestiunea economica a navei Raspunderi izvorate din incalcarea cu sau fara buna stiinta a unor clauze contractuale a ofiterilor navei sau a Comandantului Interesul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea, subrogarea, prudenta neasiguratului

Comandantul va satisface cu intreaga lui competenta ordinele armatorului si navlositorului Regulile stabilite de BIMCO Informatiile furnizate de incarcator, raportul de inspectie a marfii, certificatul de origine/calitate, rapoartele de determinare a can Baltime Baltime, Nype-93, Linertime, Gastime, Supplytime, Intertanktime, Coasthire Gencon, Scancon, Britcon, Nuvoy Gencon, Scancon, Britcon, Nuvoy Blackseawood, Nubaltwood, Nanyozal Gencon, Multiform, Nuvoy C(ore) 7, Scanore, Britore, Nuvoy Gencon, Scancon, Britcon, Nuvoy Unitate de greutate, unitate de volum, colet, navlu global, unitate de timp a document drawn up by ship's agent at load port, containing detailed description of the cargo loaded, used for custom and adm Un container poate circula 24 de luni fara inspectii ale unui registru Avarii comune si avarii particulare Tratatele internationale, uzurile si uzantele uniforme internationale, sistemul de drept ales de parti si, in principal, clauzele inscr Aplicarea lor tuturor contractelor de vanzare internationala si respectarea intocmai a prevederilor lor Marfuri legale cu exceptia celor prevazute explicit in contract Clauza referitoare la avaria comuna Clauze referitoare la costul operatiunilor de amarare/stivuire si/sau fardare FIOS si LINER TERMS. Numai conosamente elaborate de companiile ce deservesc liniile de navigatie Orice conosament publicat in "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" Lista va cuprinde descrierea detaliata a marfurilor din container Masa pasiva (debitoare) include toate bunurile salvate (nava, navlul si incarcatura) deci toate elementele care au profitat de sa Nu exista nici un fel de diferenta intre cele 2 expresii Istoricul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare, NOR si contractul de navlosire Supune conosamentul regulilor de la Hamburg. Documentul, intocmit de agentul navei, care descrie marfurile incarcate intr-un port si care serveste la vama in porturile de inca Suma platibila navlositorului de catre incarcator pentru transportul si sosirea marfurilor la destinatie fara a-si pierde valoarea co Documentul care descrie in detaliu toate evenimentele legate de descarcarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie Suma de bani conform pietii navlurilor la un moment dat pentru anumite categorii de marfuri. Istoricul evenimentelor care duc la intreruperea curgerii staliilor Unitate de masura si greutate egala cu 45 p.c. (1,15 m.c.)/2,245 libre folosita in calcularea navlurilor. Un prejudiciu material sau o cheltuiala extraordinara produsa in timpul unui contract de transport de marfuri pe mare, avind dre Preluarea fara drept a controlului unei nave pentru a fi folosita in benficiu propriu. Raportul dintre masa debitoare si masa creditoare reprezinta coeficientul de contributie Este contractul prin care un incarcator inchiriaza de la armator o parte din spatiul de transport exprimat in containere pe care il O foaie tipizata pe care se inscrie numarul de echipe care lucreaza si utilajele lor Suma de bani pe care navlositorul o plateste armatorului pentru marfurile transportate. O clauza cu acelasi continut cuprinsa atat in Ch/P cat si Bs/L O placuta fixata provizoriu pentru a putea fi utilizata in scopuri normale la nevoie Documentul care evidentiaza curgerea staliilor,eventualele contrastalii sau despatch Un conosament cu stersaturi si modificari in continut. Un conosament care acopera transportul marfurilor pe intreaga perioada de tranzit, incluzind transportul terestru si aerian. Modificarile facute de parti la clauzele standard in urma negocierii a formularului standard Documentul intocmit la bordul navei de catre camandant prin care se urmareste derularea conform clauzelor a operatiunilor de Persoane fizice sau juridice care se ocupa de tranzactii maritime, incheind in numele lor contracte comerciale, contracte de nav Ch/P este un contract prin care vinzatorul marfurilor se obliga sa transporte pina la destinatie, conform clauzelor inserate,marfu Conosament imbatranit este acel conosament care nu a fost eliberat de catre caraus in termen de 3 zile de la semnare si care Persoana numita de catre armator sau agentul armatorului avind ca sarcina sa determine cauzele avariei comune si sa stabilea O firma de transport care are legaturi cu firme specializate in transport rutier sau feroviar

Distanta dintre porturi, natura marfurilor, zona geografica, situatia geopolitica a porturilor de operare, modalitatea de angajare a Situatia meteorologica din zona de navigatie Situatia geopolitica in porturile de operare original Un document care face dovada unui contract de transport pe mare si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre caraus, prin c Clauza din conosament sau Ch/P conform careia navlul se plateste in portul de descarcare si, in general, numai daca marfurile Sarbatoare inseamna acea zi in care conform calendarului BIMCO, in portul respectiv lucrul nu se executa din motive de lege l Navlul platit in momentul incheierii contractului de navlosire. "Port sigur" inseamna un loc amenajat, inscris in documentele nautice, utilizat de nave ca loc de operare, fara a exista posibilita o zi lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive in care perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica efectiv operatiunile de incarcare sau d Ca NOR poate fi inaintat indiferent daca nava este in port/dana si indiferent daca a obtinut libera practica si permis vamal (CUS conform acestei expresii navlositorul plateste pentru operatiunile de salvare doar daca nava este salvata Se intelege faptul ca perioadele efectiv lucrate in zile exceptate se vor conta ca stalii Protestul de mare in cazul unei avarii comune va fi intocmit conform procedurii standard cu mentiunea expresa ca se declara a Acopera eventualele pagube pricinuite navei ca urmare a accidentelor si pericolului marii in timpul navigatiei si exploatarii nave Numarul de zile de contrastalii sau despatch Acordul de vointa a doua persoane: armatorul si navlositorul Marfurile se pot incarca pe punte fara o intelegere prealabila intre incarcator si caraus, dar cu inserarea acestui fapt in conosam Avaria comuna va fi solutionata prin arbitraj. Nava are libertatea sa faca escala in orice port sau porturi in orice ordine, pentru orice scop, sa navige fara pilot, sa remorchez Armatorul are dreptul de retentie pe marfa pentru navlu, navlu mort, contrastalii si avarii la nava. Daca nava nu este gata sa incarce la data stabilita, navlositorul va avea optiunea de a asteapta 10 zile sosirea navei si dac aca Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor pentru navlu, navlu mort si contrastalii neplatite Marfa sa fie adusa la nava si incarcata pe cheltuiala armatorului. Armatorul va fi raspunzator si va suporta cheltuielile pentru incarcarea coletelor mai mari de doua tone. Prevede aplicarea regulilor YORK-ANVERS in conformitate si cu prevederile legale nationale, acestea din urma avind prioritate Regulile York-Anvers Asigurari ale marfurilor pentru transport Contractul de vanzare/cumparare da nastere la prestatii reciproce intre parti Protestul Comandantului impotriva viciilor ascunse ale marfurilor ce le are spre transport Chiria va fi diminuata cu contravaloarea timpului pierdut si/sau a consumului de combustibil suplimentar Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditiona Nava sa aiba la bord in stare de valabilitate toate actele de registru si conventii in plus sa aiba echipaj complet si competent co Conosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa so Conosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa so Conosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa so Timpul economisit de catre armator in operarea navei si suma de bani platita de catre navlositor armatorului ca prima pentru fin Raportul de expertiza intocmit de o persoana autorizata (dispasor) prin care se stabileste masele active si pasive si sumele pe Un eveniment inevitabil produs fara intentia umana, gen tempesta, inundatie sau deces, care opereaza in cazul anumitor contr Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste armatorului o suma fixa de bani Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe armatori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai navlositorului, ca nava Zile care urmeaza una dupa alta cu exceptia duminicilor si sarbatorilor legale. Sunt stalii determinate de catre armator si navlositor in functie de natura marfii operate Se intelege faptul ca perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare sau le-ar fi impiediat da Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara re Judecarea de catre un tribunal international a unei dispute intre partile participante la un contract. O persoana fizica sau juridica, care are in proprietate nave pe care le utilizeaza in scopul transportului de marfuri/pasageri pe m Avaria este consecinta cazului fortuit, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si cheltuielile s Avaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui accident maritim Echiparea unei nave cu tot ce este necesar pentru efectuare unei expeditii pe mare in bune conditii pe orice vreme. In plus fata Sa aiba dotarile necesare pentru a duce o marfa la destinatie in buna stare Toate marfurile destinate exportului

Toate marfurile destinate exportului Atunci cand o nava este departe de locul de livrare in momentul incheierii contractului, navlositorul plateste jumatate din cheltu Costul ambalajului este cuprins in pretul marfii Ziua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea se includ in perioada notificata Sumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare consumat peste peri Creditul documentar este un aranjament prin care o banca denumita emitenta se obliga in numele unui client denumit ordonato Perioada de timp folosita pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare dupa expirarea staliilor Inseamna suma convenita si platita de catre armator daca nava a terminat incarcarea/descarcarea inaintea expirarii staliilor Prin aceasta expresie se inteleg ; lucruri, obiecte, marfuri de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii si a incarcaturii de pe punte Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce cit mai repede posibil in circumstantele predominante in timpul incarcarii si descarcarii. Inseamna o dana la care, pe timpul respectivei perioade, nava poate ramine sau pleca din ea fara a fi expusa vre-unui pericol c Prin marfuri se inteleg orice categorii de bunuri si obiecte de orice natura ar fi inclusiv animale vii si marfuri incarcate pe punte. Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara re Masa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate la care participantii ar putea avea dreptul de recuperare.M Navlosire inseamna un contract dovedit prin existenta unui conosament. Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara re Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditiona Timpul agreat de parti in care se va tine nava la dispozitie pentru incarcare/descarcare Stalii calculate conform normei de incarcare/descarcare Un notice batut la masina sau transmis prin telex care trebuie transmis apoi in original agentului navei din portul de incarcare s Avarii sunt toate cheltuielile obisnuite facute pentru nava si care pot fi inserate in continutul contractului de navlosire Despatchul se va plati integral atat pentru incarcare cat si pentru descarcare Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat la ambele capete Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditiona Vanzatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie marfa conform intelegerii Armatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie nava pentru a transporta marfurile Ca peste container nu se poate incarca o greutate mai mare decat cea inscrisa la aceasta rubrica astfel ca in timpul mersului d Dreptul de retinere in posesia sa a bunurilor, pina la plata navlului scadent. Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si norma de incarcare/descarcare pe hambarul cu cea mai mare Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, orele efectiv lucrate nu conteaza ca stalii Timpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul va conta in calculul staliilor numai pentru zilele lucratoare D/A-ul la incarcare/descarcare va fi suportat de armator si navlositor Armatorul este raspunzator pentru daune sau avarii indiferent de natura lor cauzate in timpul transportului de fapte personale c Armatorul are dreptul sa substituie nava cu o nava de aceeasi clasa si de marime similara, tip si pozitie Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de proproetarul marfii Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositorului Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul armatorului De protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, dupa inceperea voiajului Transportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile de la Haga 1924 Un loc specific din interiorul unui port unde navele incarca sau descarca. Port inseamna un bazin acvatic adapostit unde navele pot opera la o dana sau la ancora. Perioada de 24 ore Orice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri cu un incarcator Conform acestei clauze, marfa se va incarca la bordul navei fara nici o cheltuiala din partea armatorului. Clauzele nescrise in contract, dar care se refera la buna credinta a partilor pentru realizarea scopului comercial al voiajului Determinarea cantitatii prin intermediul unei companii de inspectie recunoscuta pe plan international Clauza sa prevada explicit ca o nava este in "time-charter" dupa efectuarea expertizei "ON HIRE" si iese din time charter dupa Sa contina detalii referitoare la eforturile depuse de armator pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate Afirmatia ca nava este in buna stare de navigabilitate, descrierea evenimentului cat mai explicit si rezervarea dreptului de extin La extinderea protestului se vor mentiona imprejurarile care au determinat actul de avarie comuna Comandantul sa intocmeasca si sa depuna la autoritati o scrisoare de protest Proprietarul navei urmareste prin intermediul comandantului eficienta exploatarii navei

O scrisoare de garantie sau alt gen de garantii date de incarcator exonereaza pe armator de orice eventuala reclamatie a prim Contractul ofera varianta de plata a navlului anticipat si varianta de plata la livrare Daca nu a fost intentata o actiune de protest in termen de 6 luni de la predarea marfurilor. Regulile nu se aplica contactelor de navlosire Ch/P. Cind se executa un transport de marfuri pe mare in baza unui contract ferm indiferent de felul acestui contract. Cind existenta contractului este probata de un conosament. Conosamentul se elibereaza dupa incarcarea marfurilor pe nava. Timonierul de serviciu Charter party Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de autoritatile portuare conform uzantelor locale Armatorul si navlositorul in proportii egale Nu se face nici o precizare in acest sens "DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor dar numai pentru incarcare Fara despatch la incarcare Obligatiile navlositorului inceteaza dupa incarcarea marfurilor. Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositorului orice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor de la Haga. Nu "DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru timpul de lucru salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare renegocierea contractului in situatia in care conditiile de pe piata se schimba substantial contractele de navlosire pe timp Va fi in contact si cu proprietarul navei ori de cate ori acesta solicita acest lucru structura capabila de a aduna toate companiile ce efectueaza transporturi intre anumite porturi si a constitui astfel o structura m Nu Armatorul este in drept sa nu predea marfa sau o parte din marfa in portul de descarcare, pana nu primeste navlul convenit. Vor conta ca stalii zilele de 24 ore consecutive timpul socotindu-se de la ora 00.00 la ora 24.00 a fiecarei zile indiferent de vrem In timpul de stalii sunt incluse numai zilele lucratoare ale saptamanii care depind de uzul portului Se va exclude din timpul de stalii orice perioada de timp in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile impiedica efectiv desfasu Staliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 00.00 din ziua imediat urmatoare in care s-a transmis NOR pana la o In timpul de stalii sunt incluse toate zilele saptamanii fara a se tine seama de faptul ca o zi este sau nu zi lucratoare 36 de ore legea locului carausului marfurilor se poate efectua asigurarea unui obiect chiar daca la momentul asigurarii se cunoaste ca obiectul respectiv s-a pierdut FAS avaria comuna va fi reglementata in orice imprejurare in conformitate cu regulile numerice Da cel mai tarziu la expirarea a 24 de ore de la predarea marfurilor de catre caraus. Nu se prevede expres Nu se prevede expres Nu Nu Nu se prevede expres Nu se prevede expres Nu Da marfurile sunt in grija sa pe timpul transportului si la portul de descarcare. este prevazut expres in cargo-plan si semnat de capitanul secund. persoana careia I s-a incredintat de catre caraus, efectuarea partiala sau in intregime a unui transport de marfuri. raspunderea contractuala Da daca comandantul le semneaza clean. Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane, pentru comandantul navei care transporta marfurile Da cu acordul navlositorului

marfurile sunt transportate succesiv cu mai multe nave sau in situatia unui transport combinat. face dovada incarcarii marfurilor la bord. constituie o conventie intre navlositor si proprietarul marfurilor. Are valoarea juridica a unui conosament in favoarea unei persoane stabilita de navlositor Conosamentul eliberat de caraus prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava sau pe una din navele sale, marfur BIMCO Clauze cu privire la zilele de sarbatoare Armatorului si navlositorului este contractul prin care navlositorul se angajeaza sa plateasca armatorului o chirie zilnica pentru utilizarea navei asa cum dore Imediat ce au expirat staliile Daca nava a fost scoasa in rada de catre autoritatile portuare pentru a astepta diferenta de marfa ce urmeaza a se incarca Fara a se tine seama de zilele de sarbatoare sau de cele in care vremea este nefavorabila o companie care acorda support logistic sindicatelor Lloyds, ce activeaza pe piata asigurarilor Containerelor destinate transportului naval, feroviar sau auto si transportului combinat intre acesta Comandantul se subordoneaza armatorului cu exceptia cazurilor litigioase in legatura cu aspectul comercial al voiajului cand se Un act de avarie comuna exista cind, si numai atunci cind se fac sau se suporta in mod intentionat si rational sacrificii sau chel Valoarea navlului nu este influentata de modalitatea de angajare a navei Prin informarea armatorului Poate exploata nava cu orice tip de contract doreste Poate fi scrisa de mina sau prin stampilare In astfel de cazuri bancile au obligatia sa refuze primirea unui astfel de conosament si sa ceara instructiuni ordonatorului de cre Timpul de stalii se calculeaza prin impartirea cantitatii de marfa continuta de magazia cea mai mare la norma zilnica de incarca In transportul de linie nu se calculeaza stalii, contrastalii sau despatch Notificarea adresata navlositorului, incarcatorului, primitorului sau altei persoane dupa cum prevede contractul, ca nava a sosit Este contractul prin care armatorul unei nave stipuleaza cu un tert sa fie despagubit pentru orice daune sau avarii la nava, mar Caracterul consensual inseamna acordul partilor pentru realizarea scopului comercial pentru care s-a incheiat contractul Marfurile se transfera cumparatorului ramanand in proprietatea vanzatorului pana la acceptarea lor de catre cumparator Inseamna zile sau parte(ti) din zi, care nu sint in mod expres excluse din stalii de catre contractul de navlosire si care nu sint sa Conosamentul este o dovada la prima vedere ca marfurrile au fost preluate sau incarcate la bord in cantitatea si starea si cond Cind este nominativ poate circula prin girare (andosare). Un conosament care sa nu contina clauze prin care sa se mentionere ca marfurile au fost incarcate fara a fi in stare si conditie Reprezinta totalitatea activitatilor economice care au ca scop realizarea de operatiuni comerciale internationale privind circulati Inseamna zile de sarbatoare excluse de la curgerea staliilor In plus fata de avaria particulara se declara de catre comandant in cuprinsul protestului avaria comuna Conventia pentru Transportul Marfurior in Siguranta Contract de navlosire Chiria se plateste anticipat la termeni prevazuti prin contract Daca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceea Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 12 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si N Sa suspende angajarea "time charter" pe durata prelungirii actelor Dupa, cele 5 zile prevazute in conosament armatorul poate sa-si exercite dreptul de retentie marfurile au fost incarcate Zilele de sarbatoare nu se vor conta ca stalii chiar daca se lucreaza in aceasta perioada Armatorul va da in judecata navlositorul Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce acea marfa mentionata in contract, aflata in starea si conditia mentionata in contract sau in conf 6450$ USD 48 de ore de la primirea notificarii armatorul are obligatia de a transporta marfa pina in cel mai apropiat port de Bucuresti aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca pilotul la iesirea din portul Constanta acesta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca ultimul pilot maritim folosit pina la iesirea in mare acesta inseamna ca nava se considera livrata la trecerea travers de Constanta

conosament la ordin Nava va incarca numai marfurile sosite cand le va veni randul conform cargoplanului exonerand pe navlositor de orice plata Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile de la noua data estimata de sosire a navei avizata de armatori Perioadele de timp petrecute in port, cu suficienta marfa la cheu, in care nu se lucreaza pentru ca ploua se conteaza ca stalii Perioadele de timp petrecute in port, cu suficienta marfa la cheu, in care nu se lucreaza pentru ca ploua se conteaza ca stalii Armatorul trebuie sa aprovizioneze nava cu apa potabila si combustibil astfel incat in momentul finalizarii operatiunilor de incarc Se efectueaza calcule separate pentru porturile de incarcare si descarcare si se compenseaza timpul salvat intr-un port cu cel 21,6$ USD after the number of allowed demurrage days has passed and further delays occurs Acopera numai o perioada de timp Pentru a plati un bonus pentru bune servicii comandantului si sefului mecanic De catre orice persoana care a primit imputernicirea armatorului. De regulile YORK-ANVERS si HAGA Cargo, Casco si P and I. A copy of the original Bill of lading without alowing for laytime exceptions like weather, hlidays etc vessel is shifted at anchorage by port authorities to wait for cargo per working day or pro rata once laytime has expired whenever demurrage are agreed Ori de cate ori prin contractul de navlosire se stabilesc contrastalii Dintr-o regula de interpretare, 7 reguli numerotate cu litere si 22 de reguli nummerotate cu cifre romane. Clauze privind determinarea calitatii si cantitatii marfurilor livrate Nu are aceasta competenta legala Nu poate garanta imprumuturi cu nava deoarece nu este proprietarul ei Yes, they have an insurable interest if they are shareholders of the company owning the ships Multimodal transport Bill of Lading Yes, he only has a contractual lien on cargo in his possesion for its contribution to a General Average an oligopolistic market Se are in vedere ca mentiunile sa nu afecteze navlositorul navei Conosamente nominative, la ordin si la purtator Nu In empty elementul de pierdere totala prin interpretare Ambalaj executat cu masini speciale protejate cu folie de polietilena pentru a preveni patrunderea apei de mare Ca navlul se va plati in intregime dupa semnarea conosamentelor Navlul se va plati in proportie de 95% dupa un anumit numar de zile bancare dupa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentelor Ca nava va opera cat de repede posibil in circumstantele locale for every kind of weather it is required that charterers obtain an arbitration award for time charterers account sending messages to various parties involved freigh market is expected to remain constant per deadweight all told as a lumpsum amount at carrier's risk bills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if the bill of lading is issued in a contracting state from taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to final delivery at discharging port when carriage is covered by a charterparty to carriage of goods by rail Cargo is discharged in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified they are considered as not being there and they will never be taken into consideration

They are equitably shared by all parties to the common adventure, each contributing in proportion to its percentage of the total they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned, which is normally paid by the chartere By simply exercising his common low right for putting lien on cargo for deadfreight and/or demurrage due and not paid By tendering Notice of Readiness on droping anchor and waiting to see if shippers or receivers will accept such notice by employing repair teams on board during voyages by entering their ships with H&M insurance company The true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person without valuable consideration and in this way the ownership A working day is a day not expressly excluded from laytime A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day of rest, when either by local law or practice the work is not carried out and w There is no laytime in container trade Above expression shall mean a period of 24 working hours except for any time when weather allows the loading or discharging hire is paid in advance according with charater-party terms Hire is usually paid in advance for 15 or 30 days Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from comencement of laytim Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from comencement of laytim for several voyages As many as the shippers require there is no express provision for maximum number of demurage days thirteen Maximum three original bills of lading can be issued, no matter what the shippers or charterers are requesting, in order to avoid if bill of lading is marked "freight paid" by prohibiting the time charterer from sending the vessel to countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian count he should act with urgency in the interests of safety and pollution prevention damade or loss is generated by fault or privity of the shipowners Head owners it is in the hands of the shipper who is also the charterer it is clear that the owner has the option to choose the quanitity of cargo to be loaded based vessel's deadweight cargo capacity will be operated at one or more good safe berths which are always accessible and where she will lay always afloat the crew is refusing to participate in the process of loading and discharging laytime will start once Notice of readiness is accepted should load whatever cargo is available and sail in order not to delay ship's schedule issue a letter protest and send it to shippers/receivers/P&I club master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the owners that remarks with similar implications even if wording is different no further notice of readiness is required master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only after he proves that he is the legal representative of the re USD 12 per metric ton USD 21,6$ per metric ton charterers charterers have to pay the freight without any deductions he is entitle to refuse to the enter the port, unless there is a specific agreement to the contrary actual time used will count even if there is a provision that time used before commencement of laytime will count owners are entitled to damages for detention only after expiry of laytime ship owner once the vessel drops anchor at Constanta port road charterers employement of LIFO terms both owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed either fills in vessels deadweight cargo capa the master can tender NOR anytime after arrival, if the vessel is in all respects ready to load should not agree to this unless there is a clause in the charterparty giving the charateres the right to order the vessel off the ber to carry on his activities with great care in order to avoid any risk for damages or looses owners are responsible for the damage as the cargo was under their custody

owners are always responsible as cargo was under their custody date of completion loading for each lot USD 30,000 USD 36,000 USD 10,000 USD 10,000 scrap value of the vessel owners are entitled to a pro rata freight vessel will be delivered when she drops last river pilot and takes sea pilot vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port vessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of Constanta if the vessel is employed of free in and liner out terms Yes, once an agreement is made the underwriters have to cover all insured losses owners are entitled to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid as per charterparty NOR can be tendered by telex or fax General average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the first port of refuge Unless the cargo is carried on deck in accordance with a recognised custom of the trade, the cargo owner will have no claim un owners have the right to decide what method is to be used P&I Bunker Deviation Clause shipowners charterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses most probably, shipowners most probably, shipowners Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded even if work is carried on during these days master has no obligation in this respect, it is operational department obligation to instruct the agents properly shipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo discharging expenses Hague or Hague Visby provisions have priority of interpretation the owners have the option to terminate the charter-party and ask for damages actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or discharging time Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime Sundays and holidays are counted as laytime shifting time is excluded from laytime shifting time is excluded from laytime teoretical weight on quantity ascertained at discharging port the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty no matter what is her apparent order and co freight is payable even if the the vessel and/or cargo is lost after signing bill of lading actual time used during the excepted periods, before or after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging t time lost due to break down of shore cranes will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning time lost due to break down of shore cranes will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning the owners are exempted from any liability only if at least two originals are presented additional insurance would be required he is only responsible if the damage was caused by his fault the carrier is not bound to issue a bill of lading at all master release the cargo and retain on board a copy of original bill of lading laytime is calculated as reversible laytime as this is good for all parties involved shippers can present any form as along as it in accordance with the custom of the trade it is for forbiden to tranship the cargo carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to the closest sea or river port to Bucharest bareboat charterer charterers

only to first and last voyage demurrage or detention no, sea protest can be noted at any discharge port to properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the cargo carriers right in respect of dangerous goods the nearest coastguard station or coast radio station in the Coastal State Marfa va fi incarcata, stivuita si rujata cind e cazul pe cheltuiala si riscul armatorului si descarcata pe cheltuiala si riscul navlosi Stalii calculate conform uzurilor si practicilor locale o pierdere aparuta ca urmare a unui pericol maritim Aspectele legate de echipaj Netto plus ambalaj DDU CIF nava nu are capitan secund la plecarea din portul de incarcare si aceasta functie este solicitata prin Safe Manning Certificate nava nu poate fi salvata de la o pierdere totala reala fara cheltuieli care ar depasi valoarea ei de asigurare sau in cazul in care a Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile si instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este emis intr-un stat ce a ratificat conven the party whom the carrier is instructed to notify when the goods have arrived at their destination Hague-Visby Rules apply if carriage from port A to port B is covered by only one bill of lading use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is still in the hands of the shipper the head owners It is master's option to include them or not into the bill of lading The master can release the cargo against one original bill of lading Copiile nenegociabile se pot intocmi in atatea exemplare cate sunt necesare partilor ce participa la expeditia maritima protectia oferita este similara cu cea oferita de o societate de asigurare, iar armatorul plateste o prima de asigurare in schimbu apartin navlositorilor armatorul va primi navlul pentru fiecare voiaj efectuat de nava Armatorul este responsabil doar pentru acele avarii pentru care poate fi considerat vinovat cel mai probabil se va considera ca armatorul navei este caraus Armatorul este responsabil daca marfurile se pierd datorita lipsei bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei armatorul este responsabil in orice imprejurare armatorul este responsabil in orice imprejurare Navlositorul trebuie sa plateasca navlul armatorului fara nici un fel de reduceri nava nu are instalatiile de incarcare in buna stare de functionare si conform contractului trebuie sa le foloseasca Proprietarul navei Echipajul refuza incarcarea lor Nu se vor semna conosamente marcate "duplicat" Regulile Haga Visby Dupa ce a primit din partea vamii permisul vamal este obligatoriu ca acesta sa fie intr-o forma acceptata de armator nava efectueaza operatiuni ce pot fi asimilate pirateriei Totdeauna se elibereaza 2 (doua) conosamente originale. for each voyage performed by the ship este acela de marfa, care stivuita corect ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei sau conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de i Vanzatorul marfii Ordinele navlositorului in ceea ce priveste nava Taxele de tranzitare prin stramtori/canale sunt platite atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egale conform prevederilor in proportie de 80% de asiguratii H & M si 20% de asiguratorii P&I the safety of the ship Charterparty Pe cantitatea de marfa descarcata Pe greutatea teoretica

este interzis a se efectua operatiunea de transbordare a marfurilor Pe masura ce marfa este descarcata din nava In fiecare port de escala a navei doar in primul port de incarcare In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid" Inainte de eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid" pierderile si scurgerile accidentale ale marfi asigurate asigurarea se reinoieste automat in aceleasi conditii este bine de stiut inaintea inceperii si la sfirsitul voiajului ce cantitati de combustibil are nava la bord este obligatorie doar pentru navele de peste 1000 grt el are dreptul de a demonstra contrariul doar daca acel conosament se afla in posesia incarcatorului caraus si navlositorul posesor al conosamentului Este dublul contrastaliilor si uneori chiar mai mare nu este obligatoriu ca aceste remarci sa fie inscrise in conosament comadantul poate elibera marfa in schimbul unui exemplar din conosamentul original comandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile doar dupa ce posesorul demonstreaza ca este reprezentantul legal al celui mention sa-si defasoare activitatile cu extrem de multa precautie astfel incit sa evite si cele mai mici riscuri de a avea o avarie comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, daca se prezinta cel putin doua exemplare originale Se subintelege ca aceste limite sunt in optiunea navlositorului si ca acesta are dreptul de a alege orice cantitate ce se incadrea Despatch-ul se plateste pentru perioada de timp dintre momentul teoretic al expirarii staliilor si momentul in care nava parasest only on delivery of the goods at port of discharge warranties a group of carriers, which are operating scheduled liner services between designated ports, joined together for the purpose of e Nava va opera imediat ce a sosit fara sa astepte rand that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time saved at both loading and discharging port that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time saved at both loading and discharging port that at both loading and discharging port there will be no detention payable to the owners the voyage to the lading port a ship could not be preserved from actual total loss without expenditure which would exceed its value had the expensiture been If he has too many claims in one year when a ship or cargo is totally destroyed by fire P&I clubs are involved in salvage cases if there is risk of General Average after every case of general average when dock workers are misusing ship's equipment after the ship has been damaged from any cause CIF CFR the vessel has no chief officer and the position is required by safe maning certificate vessel holds are not properly fitted for the cargo vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes and ships refrigerating machines do not work time charter-parties Vizitarea navei de catre reprezentantul navlositorului International Maritime Organisation, London Nu Da, daca conosamentul este semnat de comandant Da Nu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantie Da Nu acela ca nu se remunereaza decit operatiunile de salvare incununate de succes expertiza comisionul necesar pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial.

Incarcatorul sau banca emitenta poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane Armator CASCO in sarcina armatorului si P&I in sarcina navlositorului Navlositorului Comandantului navei Pastreaza controlul navei din punct de vedere comercial comercial incarcatorul marfii navlositor armatorul navei 24 de ore consecutive Armator Proprietarului navei armatorul armatorul sau chiriasul navei Armatorului Vanzatorul marfii navlositorului - chirias armatorului navei Proprietarului marfilor Armatorului-navlositor Inseamna un grup de dane la care navele efectueaza operatiuni de incarcare, descarcare si operatiuni de buncherare si includ doar pentru primul si ultimul voiaj If agreed, yes. A sum in compensation to the owners will normally be provided for in the timecharter the disponent owner is not entitled to borrow money and to mortgage the ship, as he is not the owner of the ship No, the shipper is always the stevedoring company Conventia MONTEGUE-BAY si Codul Comercial Roman elibereaza marfurile si retine la bord o copie a conosamentului original La 835 DST pe colet sau alta unitate de transport sau 2,5 DST. pe kg; La un cuantum egal cu valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere; FI/LO si LO/FI Sa nu plateasca chirie pentru perioada respectiva Navlositorul sa informeze armatorul si primitorul marfurilor inainte de a semna. Charter party cu eliberare de conosament Ice clauses although sometimes they can be considered fraud, they are accepted as a commercial solution a perfect competitive market Unei scrisori de garantie semnata de primitor si navlositor sau in optiunea comandantului in schimbul conosamentui original a company offering logistic and financial support to Lloyds' Syndicates FIO terms FIOS terms Toate marfurile transportate de navele cargou Marfurile neomogene, ambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a navei Egala cu produsul dintre navlu unitar si cantitatea de marfa neincarcata de catre navlositor pana la limita minima stabilita in con valoarea proprietatii salvate Hague-Visby Rule 0, 30 milioane dolari 0, 30 milioane dolari Customary quick dispach Produsul dintre capacitatea de incarcare a navei si navlul pe tona Contravaloarea navlului pentru spatiul mort ocupat de o marfa la bordul unei nave

Suma de bani pe zi platita armatorului Suma de bani pe numarul de magazii puse la dispozitie La orice ora din zi sau noapte si in orice zi nava poate fi pusa la dispozitia navlositorului Cambia este un titlu de credit reprezentativ a carui valoare este inscrisa in continutul ei 1000 USD Navlositorul din contractul de bareboat Nava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate daca ciocolata s-a incarcat in primul port si ceapa in cel de-al doilea port 5 zile 19 ore 12 minute 7 zile 12 ore 7 zile 8 ore 5 zile si 18 ore 34,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers option avariile provocate la marfa din magazia 1 9600 tone 9600 tone 10200 tone In momentul in care ajunge la dana de incarcare in portul Galatzi In momentul in care ancoreaza in rada Portului Constanta In momentul in care ancoreaza in rada Portului Constanta nu avem de-a face cu o avarie comuna deoarece nu au existat mai multi participanti la expeditia maritima Are de efectuat reparatii in compartimentul masina proprietarul tevilor nu va primi nici o despagubire in cadrul avariei comune deoarece aceasta marfa nu se transporta in mod uz bound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrog bound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrog Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the termination of the a recommended that only lawyers to amend the standard clauses document prepared by the custom at discharging port in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along w costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata scade este necesar a se obtine o decizie a unei instante sau a unei curti de arbitraj Aspectul legal al calatoriei se estimeaza ca navlurile ramin constante Nu se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire Nu se conteaza ca timp de stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire monopolul navlositorilor Avaria care are loc in imprejurari de forta majora avind ca efect distrugerea marfurilor. Ca nava va incarca o marfa ce va fi transportata fara a incalca legislatia statului al carui pavilion il poarta ca nava va incarca o marfa ce va fi descarcata fara a incalca doar legislatia din portul de descarcare Timpul lucrat inainte de inceperea staliilor nu se va conta ca stalii Se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde dupa ce conosamentele au fost eliberate se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde dupa ce conosamentele au fost semnate Sunt satisfacute doar interesele armatorului care primeste o despagubire pentru retinerea navei peste perioada de timp alocata Totalitatea cheltuielilor efectuate de armator pentru a proteja marfurile, daca nava nu poate livra marfurile datorita unui pericol e Perioada de timp alocata prin contractul de navlosire reprezentantilor navlositorului pentru a efectua operatiunile de incarcare s Proprietarului navei not be considered General Average since only the cargo and freight are at risk Marfurile respective se transporta in mod uzual pe punte Nava poarta pavilionul unei tari care a ratificat regulile Nu acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 30 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare. 835 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 2,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor p de doua ori valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere. Portul de descarcare se afla intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia.

Da La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca au convenit ca atare. IMO cu sediul la LONDRA Obligatiile amanuntite ale vanzatorului/cumparatorului pentru livrarea marfurilor contractate, a termenilor de livrare si a conditiilo Regula de interpretare, regulile literale A-G avand caracter de principii generale, regulile numerice I-XXII referitoare la cazuri pr Unele remarci nu se transfera can be included into bill of lading agreements voluntarily entered in to provide harbour tugs sunt considerate o solutie comerciala acceptabila in cele mai multe situatii, daca marfa se descarca in custodia vamii sau a unu nu trebuie acceptate niciodata de catre comandant deoarece ele constituie o practica fraudulenta $ 0.18 milion $ 0.18 milion Agentul navei si este contrasemnat de catre armator si navlositor document drawn up by shipowners or charterers which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the ship's agent and is countersigned by charterers and shipowners incercati sa continuati negocierile si numai daca ajungeti la o suma acceptabila puteti accepta serviciul de salvare Orce persoana de catre care sau in numele careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport that holds/tanks are fit for commencement of loading Customary quick dispach Seawaybill is used only on short distance such cargoes are usually caried on deck to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any charter party, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of g If cargo which should have been stowed under deck is stowed on deck by multiplying difference between maximum quantity charterer is allowed to load and quantity loaded with the unit freight usually makes references to the carrier's standard terms and conditions of carriage and same can be obtained from its office a usually makes references to carrier's standard terms and conditions which can be obtained from its office laytime usually commences on expiration of a certain number of hours after tendering notice of readiness is the servant of the owners Give the master of the ship freedom of action in attempting to save the ship and the cargo from danger without having to worry the value of the property saved despatch for working time saved change of classification society states what losses and expenditures are permitted reimbursment under General Average Free time is never counted as laytime to sell the goods ca un act sau o omisiune a proprietarului marfurilor. Se estimeaza ca euro va scadea in raport cu dolarul documentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului la solicitarea navlositorului Pe conosament sunt inscrise cuvintele "la purtator" Trip Charter este mai bine sa asteptati instructiunile scrise ale navlositorului in acest sens MELBOURNE LONDRA/1975 La autoritatea competenta din primul port de escala dupa producerea evenimentului Conosamentele se pot tranzactiona dupa ce au fost semnate, tranzactiile desfasurandu-se prin negocieri directe where the character or condition of the property to be carried are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement. Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's direction and supervision act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the ship fire, even if caused by actual fault or privity of the carrier act of public enemies the sacrifice or expenditure must be reasonable

the act must be inevitable where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are shipped on deck, and the go Master will only issue a second set of bills of lading if the first set is returned to the master. Hague or Hague-Visby Rules after completion of loading valoarea de fier vechi a navei greutatea ce poate fi stivuita in container, astfel ca in timpul calatoriei solicitarile dinamice sa nu avarieze containerul time charter-parties taking a tow to a port of refuge after a major machinery failure A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the owner and chartere the owners will start legal proceeding against the charterers cargo salvage Bill of Lading General Average Deposit to decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, when no acceptable solution is found in a court to settle disputes arrising from agreements between shipowners and charterers INCOTERMS a maritime lien is a lien against the person whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the property To insure member cargo owners against shipowners liabilities not covered by their cargo insurance policies and to compensate running costs to be esthetic The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of dama The buyer must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta) cargo liens she can only claim damages she can claim damages A clear description of bunker consumption and speed They would still be able to invoke all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, and avoid liabil Hague Visby Rules on liner services time policy general average losses payable after delivery despatch for all time saved is equal or higher than despatch for working time saved unit cost is decreasing while deadweight is increasing Result of a laytime calculation can be demurrage, despatch or time used can be equal with time allowed They should send to the charterers a notification before due date and if the charterers do not pay during grace period, owners c he should inform the owners about the cause of slow loading or discharging Lawful cargoes except those specifically excluded by charterparty cover against three-fourths of his liability to owners of other vessels with which the ship colides cover against liability for crew death on board the ship all expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is prevented from delivering the cargo at the agreed destination fo It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the long ballast trip with an It means that charterer has the liberty to add together loading and discharging time and divide it at two and thereafter to calcula It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking all international rules a according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality A bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is obliged to deliver the goods to that pers it means that the vessel has to wait until the ship under loading operation is completing loading A "bearer" bill of lading can be a bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and the bearer can tak the fact that water density at respective port of call is between sea water density and fresh water density

it means that charterers have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the owners at loading and discharging ports It means that owners have the option to deliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amount It means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual time used before commencement of laytime w It means that if no loading or discharging berth is available on her arrival, the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place within It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if custom formalities has been completed It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if free practique has been obtained It means that master can tender notice of readiness even if the vessel is not within the port limits, but is waiting at usual waiting It means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is withinn the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she w It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of vessels deadweight cargo capacity to the agreed loadin The period during which the ship is oblidged by the charterparty to present herself at the discharging port, and during which the An agreed daily amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyage A bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is obliged to deliver the goods to that pers It means that the days specified count as laytime if loading or discharging is carried out on them. a commercial invoice a detailed survey report with surveyor's findings about vessels hull, machinery and bunaker on board compensation to shipowners for sums paid out in claims against them Protection from exposure to the three fourths of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do no It means that the vessel should be ready both phisically and legaly expenditures fitted for encountering all sea perils Vessel is free to leave the port No further Notice of readiness is required as in this way owners loose the right to cclaim demurrage for time lost detailed survey of hull and machinery a short visit in all compartments to check if they are proper maintained a system of increasing the freight when there are unexpected changes in the cost of bunker a system of converting the freight into a currency favourable to the shipowners only damages suffered by a vessel or cargo as a result of a maritime accident A notice given to shipowners agent at loading or discharging port that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is in all res ammendments made to one or more standard clauses and agreed by shipowners and charterers the bank is refusing payment under leter of credit and ask the buyer for instructions an indemnity paid by P&I Club to its members for damages suffered a person who owns the vessel performing the carriage from one place to another a document containing the express and implied terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship A bill of lading having the same terms and conditions like a charterparty An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a not clear defined quantity of named goods between s any contract of carriage by sea a claim value or threshold which must not be passed before any claim will be met by the insurer a compulsory excess applied by the club, so that the cargo owner has to bear the first part of each claim himself A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers . A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers . a firm which contract with the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea and arrange loading and/or discharging operations A general average act is any sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred in time of peril no matter what is a person always appointed by court for adjusting and providing the general average statement showing contribution and compe A partial loss incurred through a fortuitous act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage fro An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the seller, to the buyer (importer), to pay for goods, provided that the buyer prese a carrier who restricts his strict liability by contracting out of his common law obligations a berth which the ship can always reach, remain at and depart from without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, bein A letter of protest sent to charterers for non loading properly the cargo and for this reason may be some loss, damage or delay The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the commercial activities of the ship a bill of lading issued when goods have been loaded on board a ship a contract for hire of a named vessel together with services of the crew for a specified period of time A time sheet is a document drawn up by master after completion of the voyage to evaluate if the charterers have detained the v

a promise by the underwriter that something will or will not be done, or that some obligation will be fulfilled. Full set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge port, allowing the receiver to some unforseen and unpreventable natural event A cargo underwriter's signed guarantee, given in consideration of delivery of the goods to their consignee without collection of a A negligent act commited by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer. The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the discharging port, charterers have the option to cancel the A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for failure to load the maximum quantity of cargo shipo A monetary reward payable by charterers to owners for completion of cargo operation before laytime has expired The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from the port of shipment to any port of discharge the clause from the standard form has priority of interpretation over the clause from the rider The owners have to deliver the cargo as per voyage charter party no matter if they are paid or not The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the owner must make and keep the ship avai a hiden deficiency of the goods not discoverable at first sight It means that the assured must disclose to the insurer, after the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is kn between good and safe ports a bill of lading which was issued by a party having not authority to sign on behalf of the carrier a clause that provides that the assured has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim Tally sheet is the document issued always by stevedoring company recording cargo available for loading or received into their c The right of the carrier to sell the the cargo carried in order to cover his unpaid expenses for the performance of an obligation u they have to take into consideration shipowners' interests between 80,000 and 180,000 dwt between 35,000 and 42,000 dwt between 18,000 and 45,000 dwt between 45,000 and 90,000 dwt between 45,000 and 56,000 dwt A common law lien does not need to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien is one incorporated by a te Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on completion of loading while under CIF delivery risks are transfe the difference is not significant and only an arbitrator can decide the fine line of demarcation between the two expressions There is no difference In both carriage of goods law and insurance law breach of a warranty allows the injured party either to sue for damages or give If deck cargo is saved by a General Average act, the owner of the deck cargo will be liable to make a General Average contribu The cargo owners will participate to general average losses to export on FOB terms and import on CIF terms It means that freight has to be paid before signing charterparty INCOTERMS 1990 1990 The level of damages for detention is always higher than the level of demurrage he can sell the goods after passing ships rail at loading port the owner is concerned with vessel performing voyages with required speed and without extra bunker consumption Vessel is from administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time a partial or total loss of a property exposed to maritime perils To indemnify is to replace goods damaged or lost and if same is not possible to offer financial compensation always a tolerance of 10 % is considered acceptable Charter-party to enable the seller to receive payment for the goods soon after the shipment Paramount Rule refers only to Hague Visby Rules and it is not applicable to General Average Incorpoatres the Hamburg Rules FAS Letter of credit has to be issued in strict conformity with content of the Bill of Lading and in this way there in no discrepancy The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a alternative me In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading rate is in accordance with custom of the port By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if the carrier will held liable for damages he will be reimbursed for the amo

deviation due to the default of the charterers original salvage costs damages to the ship or cargo due to efforts to extinguish a fire It has possesion of the "to order" bill of lading and thus has constructive possession of the goods towage leasing charges repairs and maintenance water and lube oil port charges cargo handling costs when the ship is employed on LILO basis Continue with all despatch to the delivery place and check with owners for instructions Enter the ship's figure on the Bill of lading he should remember that his primary responsibility is to serve the shipowners Send a letter of protest to charterers or their agents "NON NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL" common carriers Protection and Indemnity Insurance even if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vesse he should wait and see if the first notice is accepted and only if is not accepted to tender another one the owners should first get the approval for H&M and P&I insurers before deciding what offer they will accept it is always good to know what bunker the vessel has on board at beginning of a voyage After delivery of cargo to receivers at destination port They can be accepted when remarks on bills of lading are minor and in this way clients are satisfied. condition of packing the carrier is responsible if cargo damage is generated by lack of seaworthiness the need to avoid the vessel being reported as total loss USD 112,000 USD 200,000 port expenses are covered by the charterer port expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the owner always when a international sale contract is concluded After custom clearance has been obtained When goods arrive at destination such badly damaged that they are unmerchantable in the sense that they no longer answer to after the carrier has received the goods into his charge on completion of discharging operation at the last port of call after he see what are the cargo damages as soon as possible after arrival in port and where there may be cargo damage, preferably before breaking bulk medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterp Whenever the cargo is carried by sea and a bill of lading or a charter party is issued before authorised person under local law to adminsiter oaths and take sworn declarations at first port of call can not be considered General Average, since the measure is purely a precaution of a prudent seaman Yes, shipmaster is under a statutory obligation to save the ship and the crew operating and voyage costs the master is required to deliver the cargo to the entity mate's receipt has been issued to properly lash the cargo loaded on deck assume that owners are legally the carrier and take care of the cargo and documentation accordingly fire damaged cargo FAS and CFR Particular Average master's lien on the ship for his wages freight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security markets freight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security markets

CAF DPT FIO 8 running days commencement of laytime clauses Statement of Facts Booking note losses atributable to wilful misconduct of the assured loss or damage caused by violent theft by persons from outside the vessel loss or damage caused by negligence of repairerers or Charterers, provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured un carriers' right to load cargo on deck any bill of lading FILO FIOS grounding /stranding damage Wreck removal NYPE lower costs to make the ship seaworthy and prepare her for the voyage the carriers vessel must not deviate from the contract route or the usual route unjustifiably Vessel to be ready from all points of view to commence loading or discharging a shipowner not disclosing that a vessel had a minor engine problem incompetent or insufficient crew Terms are negotiable freight per weight freight per measurement per number of days evidence of the terms and conditions of contract of carriage; Indemnity to bring the ship to the agred loading port by the agreed date to load only cargoes that are suitable for the vessel employed adopted charter-parties 400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day seaworthiness clause laydays as per custom of port weight unknown General average to be settled in accordance with York Antwerp rules Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked "freight prepaid" Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked "freight prepaid" Netto plus packing CPT FCA draft survey reports draft survey reports act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or other servant of the carrier Freight payable as per charterparty Freight payable as per Charterparty Freight payable at destination Bill of Lading form Anticipated weather in the area of operation Political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are situated port expenses

distance between ports to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage ships General Average expenses not recoverable from H&M underwriters Baltime Medcon Gencon Norgrain C(ore) 7 Mobilvoy Nanywood Protection offered is similar with other forms of insurance, the assured paying a fixed insurance premium and he is indemnified Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and conditio some areas of the world are closed for navigation all the year bunker expenses bunker used during off - hire periods Either the seller or the buyer of the goods, depending on the terms of sale the buyer the buyer the buyer bareboat charterers shipowners Canal transit expenses and risks for delay are shared 50/50 between owners and charterers shipowners Any person having authority from the carrier time charterers the party who appointed the agent and will be paying the agency fee stevedoring company is appointed and paid by the charterers ship's tally clerk charterers' agents insurers to make easier the process of amending the standard clauses Because at the time of adoption of the rules, vessels were not very strong to give the owners the opportunity to recover some of the amounts mentioned in lien clause, due and not paid before delivery o to reduce the risk of fraud This is important because charterparty may be cancelled if Notice of Neadiness is not tendered before weekend York-Antwerp 2004 Rules are more favourable to the shipowner in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Average because it may be difficult to ascertain whether there will be a claim or not from receivers side when first noting sea protest, an Because sometimes cargo is delivered with significant delays and charterers want to compensate loss of market value with bal Master will always report to head owner vessel's position and next emloyement continue negotiations and only if you reach an agreement accept the salvage

Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Raspuns3 the bill of lading becomes a "through bill of lading" bill of lading which bears superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or contradicts the time charterer deliver the cargo without delay expression "freight pre payable" is included in the bill of lading the shipper on handing it over to the consignee or his receiver shipowner and shipper wether the value of the vessel requesting the tow, plus her cargo, if any, is likely to be enough value to merit a salvage service on charterparty date the master is obliged to sign "clean on board" bills of lading is not a valid notice readiness only when the ship is within fiscal, commercial and administrative limits of the port mentioned in the ch/p once she drops anchor within the port limits Master has to instruct the receivers to keep the cargo on the quay and not to sell it before owners confirt that their claim for frei laytime will start as per ch/p, depending on time notice was readiness was tendered once vessel has pilot on board once vessel has pilot on board Laytime started as per ch/p after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting place and it was only i it is forbiden to carry out this operation without prior approval from the underwriters if chocolate and onion were loading in the same time 10,000 metric tons 10,000 metric tons 10,000 metric tons This action can be considered general average only if weather forecast is not favourable min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons min/max 33,000 metric tons When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will remain the same a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another with the same vessel or by the same c Time Charter for one voyage the ship is in every way ready to start loading or discharging once the vessel has pilot on board and is on her way to berth 35 minor repairs have to be made in each hold on sailing vessel has no chief mate and she is not allowed to sail actual time used will only count if shippers agree to change loading conditions from EIU to UU the owners are entitled to bunker the vessel only if bunker on board is not enough for safe completion of the present voyage once the vessel arrives at Galatzi road master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all loading ports Charterer can compensate the freight to be paid with value of lost cargo the master should ask for charterers permission to load all cargo and has to insist on a letter of indemnity 7,500 USD 7,500 USD 4 days 19 hours 5 days 19 hours 12 minutes 11 days 14 hours 24 minutes temporrar repairs while aground temporary repairs t the ship Nava va opera fara costuri suplimentare intr-un port si o dana sigura, portul fiind tot timpul accesibil iar nava sa ramana in stare No - a lower degree of care any vessel used in the carriage of goods and passengers by sea for any reasonable purpose

666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lowerr to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight pa if such carriage is required by statutory rules or regulations 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lower in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if n consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day following that on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime including pe an agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not respons that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off a a working day of 24 consecutive hours including any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or wo a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or w within 48 working hours after the receipt of the owners notice the charterers should nominate a new cancelling date acceptable to the owners has to get charterers approval before calling at any port or ports in any order, sailing without pilots, towing and/or assisting Vess at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice giv the charterers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the owners delivered quantity the seventh day after the expiration of the 48 runnig hours allowed for charterers to declare their option goods, wares, merchandises and passengers of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of c freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages, cargo contribution to general average and for expenses incurred by the sh the specific place within or outside a port where the vessel is to load or discharge an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall not include th unless suit is brought within one year after discharge of the goods resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done without knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result. fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the sea Forma de plata in comertul international utilizata de clientii unei banci pentru derularea unui contract international de vanzare they are still valid and can be used to transfer the property in the goods any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as in plin The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as by the time charter they usually have the right to recover any subfreights du Owners are under an obligation to have only P&I insurance doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie 75% by H & M insurers and 25% by P&I insurers the person in possesion of mate's receipt the salvage element once the Notice of Readiness is given viteza medie a navei poate fi mai mare sau mai mica decit cea inscrisa in contract cu pana la 1 Nod se are in vedere aspectul exterior al marfii 21 de zile dupa emitere Da Da,dar numai cu acordul carausului Da, cu acordul navlositorului Da Straight Bills of Lading the master has to follow charterers orders, as they reffer to the commercial operation of the vessel Au valoarea stabilita la bursa de valori sau pe alte piete de valori mobiliare legal recunoscute only owners interests are satisfied as they are not loosing anything while charterers are paying more money the time charterers have no right to claim anything against the master, since he is employed and paid by the shipowners Depends on the circumstances an accident occurs in Yes, if vessel is deliberely grounded to save her from total loss Cand pierderea, avarierea sau intarzierea in livrare a rezultat din forta majora ; Cand comandantul navei nu este multumit de prestatia disponent owner-ului si face cunoscut acest lucru armatorului

Creditul documentar fata de incaso-ul documentar nu are nevoie de garantii de depozitare pana la efectuarea platilor fapt ce ge Sa adopte masuri administrative impotriva comandantului si apoi sa-l informeze pe armator despre acest lucru Cand se primeste ordin scris din partea navlositorilor Se vor aplica numai la cererea uneia dintre partile implicate in avaria comuna Cand o nava a ancorat in rada unui port Dreptul de retentie al armatorului pentru neplata chiriei se poate exercita in primul port de operare fara precizari prealabile Costul este suportat atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egale Nu are importanta momentul cu conditia ca marfurile sa fie in buna stare Trecerea marfi peste granita mai multor tari si supunerea contractului dispozitiilor Camerei de Comert International de la Paris Unele clauze sunt prezentate in mai multe variante standard Cresterea capacitatii de transport a navelor? Dezvoltarea transportului de marfuri in vrac? Transportul maritim costier este parte integranta a sistemului de transport feroviar Persoana care va stabili cantitatea de marfa Cheltuieli portuare Cheltuieli cu echipajul clauza referitoare la devierea navei de la ruta uzuala de navigatie DDP; DDU 50-80,000twd Customary despach 10 clear days obligata de a acorda grija cuvenita marfurilor pe toata perioada cat acestea se afla in custodia sa pierderea navei In unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa o parte din an si este interzisa in restul anului Sa inainteze o scrisoare de protest navlositorului 1000 metric tons per hatch per day cheltuielile de incarcare si descarcare sunt incluse in pretul de transport Navlul se poate calcula functie de tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat Functie de dorintele armatorului Navlul se poate calcula pe colet Navlul se poate calcula conform intelegerilor internationale Prin referinta la Baltic Freight Future Exchange Nu se aplica transporturilor pe apa; Transporturilor cu caracter exceptional; Regulile nu se aplica unui transport dintr-un port apartinand unei tari care a aderat la regulile de la Haga intr-un port apartinand Fotografii ale navei inainte si dupa incident, marturii ale mebrilor echipajului, documente contestatoare eliberate de autoritatile p in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in p Nu exista diferente intre aceste doua documente GEN-NAYBILL In stalii se include zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale Daca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea vor conta ca stalii In stalii nu se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale Timpul efectiv lucrat dupa inceperea staliilor va fi contat ca stalii numai daca prevede uzul portului Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este intelesul acestui cuvant depinde de marimea navei, insa in general se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa d Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe a se conta chiar daca dana de incarcare/descarcare mentionata in contract Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent de faptul ca s-au incheiat sau nu formalitatile vamale Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practica Conform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR numai daca este in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Angajarea FIO

FIOS (LASHING, SECURING, DUNNAGED) Chiria se plateste de catre navlositor ori de cate ori solicita armatorul Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 13.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 06.00 in urmatoarea Nava va opera conform normei de incarcare, descarcare inscrisa in contract BARECON Contine trei rubrici (cu 2 asterix-uri) care odata completate transforma acest conosament in THROUGH BILL OF LADING Regulile nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party cand se emit comasamente Gestionarea comerciala a navei este in sarcina navlositorului in limitele prevederilor contractuale Daca navlositorul nu plateste chiria in avans la termeni prevazuti in contract, armatorul va notifica de cel putin 3 ori navlositorul Armatorul va tine raspunzator navlositorul si va duce marfurile la destinatie pe cheltuiala lui Ele se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si se iau in considerare doar in situatia in care fara ele una sau mai multe clauze nu Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o oarecare concordanta, dar se permit si vari D/A-ul in porturile de incarcare/descarcare este suportat in proportii egale de armator/navlositor La incarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator iar la descarcare de navlositor Obliga pe vinzator sa suporte toate cheltuielile legate de livrarea marfurilor pina in portul de descarcare. Vinzatorul marfurilor va suporta toate cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea lor. Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare stivuire si/sau rujare a marfurilor vor fi in contul navlositorului. Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in mome Se vor face calcule separate pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcarii Se vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre Import CFR, export FOB Regulile York-Anvers C AND F, FOB, FIOS, FIOL. asigurarea armatorilor impotriva responsabilitatilo legale, contractuale, extracontractuale si a altor responsabilitati ale armatorilo Amararea, echiparea si aprovizionarea corespunzatoare a navei : curatarea hambarelor si/sau a puntilor navei. Carausul va insarcina pe navlositori cu pregatirea navei pentru calatorie cu tot ce este necesar conform conventiilor internation INCOTERMS si RAFTD Daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura, clauza "New Jason" face ca o avarie particulara produ Cele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAYABLE", "FREIGHT PAYAB Sa fie usor, estetic, originar Clauze referitoare la modalitatea de plata a navlului Clauzele "incarcat in stare si conditie aparent buna" Clauzele referitoare la porturile de incarcare/descarcare DHDATSBE, DHDWTSBE, FDBE Nava sa fie in port sau dana, NOR inaintat, libera practica obtinuta FOB, FAS, FCA CIF, CFO, CAF DAF, DDU, DDP, DES, DEQ Nava sa fie sosita si sa fie gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni si sa existe o notificare scrisa ca cele doua cond SOLAS, LOAD LINE, ILO si MARPOL Chitanta maritima Gradul de dotare al navei Natura marfurilor Atesta existenta contractului de transport, mijloc de transfer al dreptului de proprietate asupra marfii Operativitate in manipularea marfurilor in timpul transportului, propaganda comerciala LINNER TERMS Freight payable at destination, freight as per ch/p, freight prepayable Inspectia va stabili starea financiara a navei si daca nava are de primit contrastalii de la navlositorii precedenti Sigiliul naval se putea rupe oricand pe durata transportului daca Comandantul banuieste ca in container sunt marfuri de contra Armatorul transfera navlositorului dreptul de proprietate asupra navei cu toate prerogativele ce decurg din acest drept Raspunderi cu privire la peroanele aflate la bord, raspunderi cu privire la marfa, raspunderi cu privire la alte nave si instalatii po Interesul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea, subrogarea

Comandantul va actiona la bordul navei cu toata competenta si puterea fizica la fel cum ar actiona cand nava este exploatata d Regulile YORK-ANVERS si regulile Haga Visby Contractul de navlosire, navlositorul, primitorul, inspectorul P&I Barecon Synacomex, Graintime, Baltimore, Nubalttime Orevoy, Genorecon, Nipponore, Murmapatit Synacomex, Grainvoy, Baltimore Intertankvoy-76, Interconsec-76, Intercoa-80 Synacomex, Grainvoy, Baltimore Orevoy, Stemmor, Nipponore, Murmapatit Orevoy, Genorecon, Nipponore, Murmapatit Unitate de greutate, unitate de volum a list of all cargoes and stores on board prepared by the master before vessel arrives at discharging port for custom and admin 2 ani daca nu este avariat Avarii particulare si avarii daune Intelegerea intre parti Aplicarea lor unui contract nunai daca partile nu au stabilit reglementari prin alte uzante cum ar fi RAFTD-41 Orice marfuri cu exceptia marfurilor periculoase Mentiuni facute de comandant referitoare la starea si conditia aparenta a marfii Clauze referitoare la schimbarea portului de incarcare CIF pentru vinzari si FOB pentru cumparari. Se folosesc conosamente CONLINEBILL sau conosamente elaborate de companiile ce deservesc liniile de navigatie "CONLINEBILL" si "COMBIDOC" Lista de incarcare a incarcatorului va cuprinde numerele de identificare pentru toate containerele ce urmeazaa se incarca Masa pasiva (debitoare) cuprinde toate bunurile salvate (nava, navlu, incarcatura) pentru care participanti la expeditia maritima Exista diferente juridice care nu intereseaza personalul de la bordul navei Raportul zilnic de lucru al stivatorilor si contractul de navlosire Supune conosamentul fie regulilor de la Haga fie regulilor de la Hamburg in functie de tara in care are loc incarcarea Documentul care se intocmeste pentru a descrie marfurile de la bord si care este transmis direct de la vama din portul de incar Suma platibila armatorului de catre navlositor pentru transportul marfurilor la destinatie sau cit mai aproape de destinatie Documentul intocmit de comandantul navei prin care este descrisa starea marfurilor la descarcare Suma globala pe care o plateste navlositorul armatorului la deadweight-ul maxim la linia de vara Documentul intocmit de agent care evidentiaza toate evenimentele de la sosirea navei pana la plecarea ei Unitate de masura pentru volum si greutate egala cu 40 p.c. (1,12m.c.)/2,240 libre folosita in calcularea navlurilor. Pierderea partiala din expeditia maritima, provocata pentru a preveni pierderea intregii expeditii, putind consta din sacrificiul pro Atacarea navei de catre persoane inarmate in scopul insusirii prin forta a bunurilor aflate pe nava. Raportul dintre masa creditoare si masa debitoare reprezinta coeficientul de contributie Este contractul prin care un navlositor inchiriaza tot spatial de transport al unei nave exprimat in containere pe care il foloseste Un document care evidentiaza natura si calitatea marfurilor incarcate Suma platita zilnic de navlositor armatorului pentru perioada de inchiriere a navei. O clauza tiparita in "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" editata de BIMCO si care are un nume de cod O placuta fixata permanent intr-un loc vizibil, care certifica construirea containerului conform Conventiei pentru Securitatea Con Documentul care evidentiaza curgerea staliilor Un conosament care contine o clauza din care sa rezulte ca marfa nu a fost incarcata in conditii bune. Un document utilizat pentru transportul direct al marfurilor de la cumparator la vinzator Este continuarea contractului cu clauze standard din "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" Document intocmit de agentul navei prin care se evidentiaza momentul si durata contrastaliilor sau despatch-ului Un agent (cu comision sau remuneratie stabilita) care se ocupa de cumpararea ori vinzarea de bunuri, marfuri, titluri negociabi Documentul prin care se stabilesc drepturile si obligatiile armatorului si navlositorului cu privire la punerea unei nave sau a spat Un conosament imbatranit este un termen care nu se foloseste in transportul de marfuri pe mare pe baza de conosamente Persoana fizica sau juridica numita de o autoritate internationala in vederea stabilirii masei pasive si active, precum si a cotelor Firmele care angajeaza nave si/sau vagoane pentru transportul marfurilor

Prevederile clauzelor din contractul de navlosire, distanta dintre porturi, natura marfurilor, zona geografica Asigurarea CASCO si/sau P&I Tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat rezistent Un document care face dovada unui contract de transport si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre caraus, prin care carau Plata navlului la sosirea navei in ultimul port de descarcare, indiferent de starea marfurilor Sarbatoare inseamna duminicile sau alte zile in care conform uzurilor de port lucrul nu se executa. Navlul platit inainte de eliberarea conosamentelor originale Inseamna un port in care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate intra, ramine sau pleca din el, fara a fi expusa vre O zi lucratoare pe durata careia se pot executa operatii de incarcare/descarcare permise de uzul portului. NOR poate fi inaintat numai daca nava este in port, dana, a obtinut libera practica si permis vamal conform acestei expresii se remunereaza si situatiile in care nava nu este salvata Expresia se insereaza pentru a anula anumite prevederi ale uzurilor portuare potrivit carora pe vreme nefavorabila curgerea sta In cazul unei avarii comune protestul de mare va contine in mod explicit valoarea masei active si a masei pasive si va face refe Acopera toate eventualele pagube sau avarii produse navei in timpul navigatiei, de greselile Comandantului si/sau echipajului Timpul economisit la sfarsitul incarcarii/descarcarii Navlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit Daca carausul si incarcatorul au convenit ca marfurile vor fi sau ar putea fi transportate pe punte, se poate face acest lucru fara Avaria comuna va fi solutionata in conformitate cu regulile YORK - ANVERS 1974. Nava are libertatea sa faca escala in orice port sau porturi in orice ordine, pentru orice scop, sa navige fara pilot, sa remorchez Armatorul nu poate sub nici un motiv sa retina marfurile navlositorului. Navlositorul trebuie sa astepte fara nici o pretentie pina cind nava va fi oprita sa incarce. Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor dupa ce un tribunal s-a pronuntat in ceeace priveste vina navlositorului pent Marfa sa fie adusa in magaziile navei, incarcata, stivuita si/sau rujata, numarata, amarata si/sau asigurata de catre navlositori f Orice piese si/sau colete de marfa peste doua tone greutate, vor fi incarcate, stivuite si descarcate de navlositor pe riscul si che Un act de avarie comuna este fi reglementat numai Regulile YORK-ANVERS si orice alta prevedere a legislatiei nationale si int Regulile de la Hamburg Asigurari privind avariile la corpul navei in cazul in care acestea nu sunt recuperate de la partea vinovata Caracterul sinalagmatic al unui contract este dat de obligatia partilor de a se achita de raspunderile ce le revin in timpul executa Documentul de protest legat numai de cazul avariei particulare In astfel de cazuri navlositorul poate avea optiunea de a rezilia contractul si a incheia altul la o chirie mai redusa Marfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasa Nava sa fie etansa si solida cu echipaj complet si competent, cu combustibil adecvat si suficient, harti si documente nautice la Conosament prin excelenta negociabil, iar comandantul navei este obligat sa predea marfa celui care prezinta conosamentul Conosament pe care sunt inscrise cuvintele "to bearer" sau "to holder" fiind un titlu prin excelenta negociabil, indreptatind pe or Conosament prin excelenta negociabil, iar comandantul navei este obligat sa predea marfa celui care prezinta conosamentul Suma de bani platita ca prima de catre armatori navlositorului pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o Lucrare intocmita de experti numita si Regulamentul avariei comune prin care se stabilesc imprejurarile in care a avut loc un ac Evenimente grave produse la bordul navei, cum ar fi incendii, inundarea unor magazii, avarii la motorul principal, pentru care ar Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste navlul pe tona sau pe volumul de marfa incarcata Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe incarcatori sau primitori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai navlosito Zile care urmeaza una dupa alta. Sunt stalii ce se pot calcula prin raportarea cantitatii de marfa incarcate sau descarcate la o anumita rata de incarcare sau desc Daca lucrul este intrerupt din cauza timpului nefavorabil timpul respectiv nu va conta la stalii daca uzurile portului nu prevad altf Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comerci Decizie a unei instante in legatura cu probleme in care partile nu au ajuns la o intelegere. O persoana fizica sau juridica, care are in proprietate nave pe care le inchiriaza in "time charter" Sacrificiul extraordinar sau cheltuielile extraordinare facute de Comandant intentionat si rational pentru salvarea comuna a nav Avaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui pericol maritim, fara a reprezenta vointa unei persoane sau intentia de a Echiparea unei nave cu tot ce este necesar pentru efectuare unei expeditii pe mare in conditii rezonabile de siguranta. In plus f Nava sa aiba dotarile si echipamentele prevazute de un registru naval recunoscut Marfuri ce se pot schimba unele cu altele, raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare

Marfuri ce se pot schimba unele cu altele, raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare Atunci cand o nava este departe de locul de livrare in momentul incheierii contractului, navlositorul contribuie la cheltuielile de a Costul ambalajului se calculeaza separat de cel al marfii Ziua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea se includ in perioada notificata in portul de descarcare Sumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare consumat pe timp fa Este orice aranjament, prin care o banca denumita banca emitenta se obliga in numele unui client denumit ordonator sa:-efectu Suma de bani pe care navlositorul agreeaza sa o plateasca armatorului pentru perioada de timp folosita pentru incarcare sau d Suma platita de armator navlositorului pentru perioada de asteptare in vederea obtinerii danei de operare Expresia "marfuri" cuprinde orice bun material care ar putea constitui obiect de comert pe mare inclusiv animalele vii si marfuri Navlositorul nu are nici o responsabilitate in legatura cu durata operatiunilor. Inseamna o dana la care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate sa/si ramine sau pleca din ea, in absenta unor int Prin marfuri se inteleg orice categorii de bunuri cu exceptia celor care pot prejudicia viata echipajului si siguranta navei. Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comerci Masa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate si pentru care cei interesati cu dreptul sa ceara despagub Navlosire inseamna un contract pentru transportul marfurilor pe mare pe baza de Ch/P si existenta lui este dovedita prin conos Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comerci Marfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasa Perioada de timp agreata de parti in care se va tine nava la dispozitie pentru incarcare/descarcare fara vreo plata suplimentara Un numar total de zile acordat prin contract atat pentru incarcare cat si pentru descarcare Un notice vizibil exprimat in orice mod de reproducere a cuvintelor; mediul de transmitere va include comunicatiile electronice c Avarii sunt daunele si cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar si constient pentru salvare comuna a navei, navlului si incarcaturii Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat la ambele capete Nu se va plati despatch Marfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasa Cumparatorul se obliga sa incarce marfa pe nava Marfa poate fi transportata peste mai multe frontiere Cifra reprezinta greutatea pe care o suporta in terminal si in magazia navei in timpul marsului fara ca sa se afecteze structura d Dreptul navlositorului pentru retinerea navei pentru avarii produse de marfurilor transportate. Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si produsul dintre norma de incarcare/descarcare a marfii pe ma Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, din totalul orele efectiv lucrate conteaza ca stalii jumatate din acestea Timpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul nu va conta ca stalii D/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare va fi suportat de navlositor iar in cele 2 porturi de descarcare va fi suportat de armator Armatorul nu este raspunzator pentru daune sau avarii produse marfurilor in timpul transportului, pentru aceste riscuri ale unei Armatorul are dreptul sa substituie nava cu o nava de aceeasi clasa Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de armator Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul armatorului Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositorului De protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, la livrarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie Transportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile de la Hamburg 1978 Un loc amenajat special pentru operarea navelor indiferent daca nava este la cheu sau in bazinul portuar. Port inseamna o suprafata in care navele incarca sau descarca marfa fie ca este vorba de dane, zone de ancoraj, balize sau c Perioada continua de 24 ore Orice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri Clauza obliga pe cumparatorul marfurilor sa le ridice pe cheltuiala sa din portul de descarcare. Clauzele contractuale nescrise care se refera la obligatia armatorului de a asigura nava si marfa Unitatea de masura, locul si momentul determinarii cantitatii, modul de stabilire a cantitatii, documentele care atesta cantitatea Intrarea/iesirea din time-charter sa se faca conform prevederilor regulilor si reglementarilor BIMCO Sa contina detalii referitoare la evenimentul pentru care s-a intocmit protestul de mare cat si o descriere amanuntita a eventual Continutul protestului va fi astfel incat sa satisfaca interesele tuturor participantilor la expeditia maritima La extinderea protestului de mare se vor descrie toate sacrificiile si /sau cheltuielile extraordinare rezultate in urma actului de a Sa faca dovada ca avariile sunt produse din cauza unei forte majore Proprietarul prin experti tehnici face periodic o verificare tehnica a navei si instalatiilor

Nu au nici un fel de valoare juridica deoarece nu poate fi opusa nici fata de incarcatorul care a eliberat-o. Navlul se va plati la livrarea marfurilor, la rata medie de schimb in ziua sau zilele platii. Carausul si nava vor raspunde oricind si oriunde in fata primitorilor pentru integritatea cantitativa si calitativa a marfurilor. Regulile nu se aplica contractelor in baza carora se efectueaza transport de marfuri cu eliberare de B/L. Cind contractul de transport este probat printr-un conosament sau un document similar. Cind partile au convenit acest lucru prin contract. Conosamentul se elibereaza dupa ce carausul, comandantul sau agentul carausului a luat in proprie grija marfurile. Ofiterul de serviciu sau secundul navei Charter party si conosamentul Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de reprezentantii marfurilor ce urmeaza a fi operate Disponent owner-ul Sint admise 15 zile consecutive de contrastalii. "DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor numai pentru timpul de lucru salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarc Fara despatch atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare Obligatiile armatorului inceteaza la livrarea marfurilor. Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul proprietarului marfii orice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor York-Anvers. Da cu acordul armatorului "DESPATCH-ul" nu conteaza nici la incarcare nici la descarcare renegocierea contractului in situatia in care conditiile economice se schimba substantial si partile nu sint de acord ca partea ca contractele de bareboat Comandantul va refuza informarea proprietarului acest lucru constituind o prerogativa a disponent owner-ului o companie de navigatie ce efectueaza servicii de transport pe o anumita relatie deservita de mai multe companii de navigatie Da, cu acordul incarcatorului Primitorul marfii se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavo Zilele de stalii se vor conta la rand dar nu se vor lua in calcul sarbatorile locale Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasur Staliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 00.00 din ziua in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 24 in ziua in care Vor conta ca stalii acele zile care nu sunt in mod expres excluse din stalii 24 de ore legea locului de descarcare a marfurilor daca maxima buna credinta nu este observata la una dintre parti contractul poate fi anulat FCA in situatia in care partile au convenit prin contractul de navlosire sau prin conosament ca avaria comuna va fi reglementata in c Nu se prevede expres cel mai tarziu in ziua lucratoare care urmeaza zilei cand marfurile i-au fost predate de catre caraus. Nu Da, daca aceasta a fost expres agreata de catre parti. Da, daca este numit de incarcator. Nu se prevede expres Da Da Nu se prevede expres Nu se prevede expres marfurile sunt in grija sa la portul de incarcare, pe timpul transportului si la portul de descarcare. este prevazut in contractul de transport si agreat de caraus. persoana care a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu proprietarul marfurilor respective.. raspunderea delictuala Nu Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei persoane, pentru armatorul navei care transporta marfurile Da

marfurile sunt transportate direct la primitor fara devieri incorporeaza marfa incarcata la bordul navei pentru a fi transportata. constituie o dovada pentru incarcator ca a incarcat marfa. Are valoarea juridica a unui conosament daca este eliberat la interventia armatorului in favoarea unei persoane imputernicita sa preia marfurile Conosamentul eliberat de proprietarul marfii prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava sau pe una din navele s BIMCO si FIATA Clauze de razboi Armatorului si primitorului contractul dintre armator si navlositor prin care navlositorul inchiriaza nava si serviciile echipajului pe o perioada determinata sa Imediat ce au expirat staliile daca acestea expira intr-o zi lucratoare Daca nava face reparatii la capacele magaziei in care ar fi trebuit sa se efectueze operatiuni de incarcare Tinandu-se cont de zilele de sarbatoare si de cele in care vremea nefavorabila impiedica operatiunile de incarcare atit o mare firma de asigurari cit si o bursa de asigurari Containerelor utilizate in transportul naval si auto Din punct de vedere legal/administrativ Comandantul se subordoneaza armatorului iar din punct de vedere comercial navlosito Avaria comuna exista cind si numai atunci cind are loc un act voit si constient al comandantului si/sau al echipajului in scopul s Angajarea FIOS scade valoarea navlului, costul incarcarii/descarcarii fiind suportat de navlositor Prin scrisori de protest adresate celor interesati cand operatiunile se prelungesc Daca contractul nu prevede altfel poate exploata nava numai in "voyage charter" si cu acordul armatorului in Time Charter Poate fi scrisa de mina, tiparita in facsimil, aplicata prin perforare sau stampilare, se poate prezenta sub forma de simbol sau s O banca nu are competenta de a face referiri la un conosament clauzat de catre comandant Timpul de stalii va depinde de cit se opereaza zilnic pe fiecare magazie conform uzurilor portului. Se calculeaza conform uzurilor portuare Documentul intocmit de ofiterul maritim I si inminat autoritatilor portuare prin care se afirma ca nava este sosita este gata de in Asigurarea marfurilor si echipajului este asigurarea CASCO. Caracterul consensual inseamna acordul vanzatorului si cumparatorului pentru rezolvarea unor eventuale litigii prin arbitraj inte Vanzatorul se obliga sa livreze marfurile in cantitatea si calitatea stabilita si sa-I transfere cumparatorului dreptul de proprietate Sint definite conform celor inscrise in uzul portului. Conosamentul este o dovada imposibil de necontestat ca marfurrile au fost preluate sau incarcate la bord in cantitatea si starea Proprietarul legitim al conosamentului poate vinde sau transferea proprietatea asupra marfurilor, le poate depune drept garanti Conosamentul fara rezerve ale comandantului in ceea ce priveste starea marfurilor incarcate. Transferarea unor marfuri de la vinzator la cumparator in concordanta cu acordul lor si uzantele uniforme internationale. Inseamna zile excluse de la contrastalii si timp economisit Se alatura protestului de mare raportul de expertiza al dispasorului, denumit dispasa Conventia internationala pentru Securitatea Containerelor Cerere de spatiu Chiria se plateste la fiecare zece zile calendaristice Daca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceea Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 8 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NO Sa inlocuiasca nava cu o nava "sora", fara a afecta interesele navlositorului Armatorul este obligat sa astepte plata navlului pana in ultimul port de descarcare s-a mentionat in conosament ca marfurile erau in stare aparent buna In zilele de sambata si duminica se vor conta ca stalii doar perioadele de timp in care se lucreaza efectiv Va soma navlositorul sa remedieze imediat defectiunile constatate sau in situatii grave va rezilia contractul Navlositorul poate incarca doar marfuri similare cu marfa mentionata in contract si aflate in starea si conditia uzuala din portul d 9000 USD 72 de ore de la primirea notificarii armatorul este responsabil pentru transport marfurilor pina la destinatia finala Bucuresti aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul respe aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul Cons

conosament la purtator Daca marfurile angajate nu au sosit la incarcare cand sunt cerute de comandant se va trece peste el si se va pretinde navlu mo Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile data de reziliere a contractului mentionata in contract Perioadele de timp, in care nava nu lucreaza datorita faptului ca instalatiile de cheu nu functioneaza si in care ploua se conteaz Perioadele de timp, in care nava nu lucreaza datorita faptului ca instalatiile de cheu nu functioneaza si in care ploua se conteaz Nava trebuie sa fie capabila sa incarce pana la 5250 de tone deoarece armatorul a acceptat acest lucru prin contract Timpul utilizat suplimentar in portul de incarcare se scade din timpul de stalii alocat in portul de descarcare 14,4$ USD if indeterminate laydays have been agreed and reasonable time for loading or discharging has expired pot fi intocmite fie pe voiaj fie pe timp Pentru a avea o suma din care va opri cat este necesar in eventualitatea ca dupa intocmirea time-sheet-ului va rezulta despatc De catre comandantul navei sau orice alt ofiter de la bordul navei. De regulile de la Hamburg Cargo , P and I, F.P.A. si W.P.A. An original bill of lading allowing bad weather time to be deducted from the laytime ship's cranes are damaged and owners do not agree to pay for shore cranes per weather working day or pro rata next working day after laytime expires only if charterparty contains a special provision Doar daca in contractul de navlosire exista o prevedere in acest sens Din mai multe reguli care pot fi completate dupa caz cu prevederi specifice fiecarui transport pe mare. Clauze de greva, razboi si inghet Daca are acordul proprietarului poate numi comandant Poate garanta cu nava daca valoarea navlului incasat in viitoarea calatorie are valoare mai mare decat nava Yes, they have an insurable interest in respect of their wages Through Bill of Lading? Yes, he has a lien on cargo General Average contributions, no matter if cargo is or not in his possesion close to perfect competitive model In aprecierea caracterului restrictiv al mentiunilor facute pe conosament trebuie sa se aiba in vedere daca sunt afectate interes Conosamente cu transbordare si conosamente "ON BOARD" Da, cu conditia ca scrisoarea sa fie depusa la o banca credibila. In full elementul de avarie comuna Ambalaj corespunzator marfurilor transportate pe mare Plata navlului dupa semnarea conosamentelor si inmanarea lor comandantului 95% din navlu se va plati dupa semnarea, eliberarea conosamentelor Ca nava va opera cat de repede poate ponta marfa, echipajul if wind force is below 7 on Beaufort Scale it is required that reasons for off-hire are mentioned in an off-hire clause shared between owners and charterers issuing bills of lading freight market is expected to decrease per cargo measurement or volume per gross or net tonnage at master's risk bill of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if carriage is from one port in a contracting state from taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to tackle at discharging port when carriage is covered by a seawaybill to carriage of goods by sea Paramount clause is incorporated into Bill of Lading they are considered as not beeing there, but they will be taken into consideration if without them one or more clauses are not m

They are equally shared by all parties to the common adventure, each contributing with the same percentage from the loss invo they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned, which is normally paid by the shipown By inserting a Lien Clause in the contract of carriage expressly stating that he has a lien for these amounts By checking the wording of the charterparty to see if it is a port charterparty or a berth charterparty and checking the ship's pos by inserting into charterparty a drydocking clause by entering their ships with a P&I club The holder of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of A working day is a day when work is carried out A holiday is any day of the week including the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice the rel Laytime is claculated according with custom of the port Above expression shall mean a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or hire is paid at the end of each period agreed by both parties Hire is ussualy paid in 5 days after owners require payment Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be co Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be co a period of months or even years As many as the master decides and his decision is final as many as required to complete loading operation as long charterers pay demurrage forthteen Only one original bill of lading can be issued, all other bills should marked "Copy non negotiable", in order to protect the true ho if bill of lading is marked "freight prepayable" by discharging the cargo using crew services if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian cou he should contact immediately the owners and wait for their decision vessel is employed without charterparties Charterers have the option to declare the vessel total loss it is in the hands of a bona fide third party the charterer has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the shipowner guarantee that vessel will load at will be operated at one good safe berth which is always afloat and where cargo holds should be always accessible it is impossible to safely carry them up to final destination laytime will start once loading or discharging operation commences should continue loading operation and if cargo can not be loaded he will hand to the shippers a deadfreight letter stop the vessel outside the port and ask for a new bill to be issued master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the charterers th exactly the same remarks on the face of the Bill of Lading a "without prejudice" notice is required master is not under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person before all original bills of lading are presented to him USD 15 per metric ton USD 14,4$ per metric ton insurance company charterers have to pay only for sound cargo delivered and balance can be kept as guarantee for settlement of damages he is required to wait a reasonable period of time and after that he can sail to the next port of call actual time used will count if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX EIU, if there is a provision that time used before comm owners are entitled to demurrage only after expiry of laytime time charterer once the vessel is berthed at berth 35 at Constanta port they are shared between shipowners and charterers employement of FILO terms both owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed fills in both vessels deadweight cargo capaci the master can tender NOR on 10th December after passhing hold inspection should comply with charterers request as vessel can not load to carry on his activities as a prudent uninsured person owners are not under any circumstances responsible as the cargo was delivered in the same good order and condition

owners can not be responsible if they prove that in fact cargo was damaged prior to shipment date of sailing from loading port USD 36,000 USD 30,000 USD 15,000 USD 15,000 value mentioned on the insurance policy owners are not entitled to freight, as freight is only payable at destination vessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of Sulina vessel will be delivered when she arrives at Constanta Pilot Station vessel will be delivered when she pass Constanta Pilot Station on her way out of the port if the vessel is employed of liner in and liner out terms No, without a signature it can not be a valid insurance policy owners are obliged to deliver the goods at destination if bill of lading is in the hands of an innocent third party NOR can be tendered by regular mail from last port of call General average is always settled in accordance with the latest version of York-Antwerp rules The cargo owners will neither contribute to General Average or receive contribution from the other parties to the adventure if th charterers have the right to decide what method is to be used P&I Deviation Clause exporters shipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo discharging expenses charterers both shipowners and charterers only actual time used on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays will count as laytime master has prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the charterers that charterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses it is for the arbitrators to decide which terms have priority of interpretation the owners have the option of keeping the charter valid and ask for a higher freight if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, only actual time used shall count as loading or disch Sundays and holidays are counted as laytime Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime half of the shifting time is counted as laytime half of the shifting time is counted as laytime gross weight on lowest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at discharging port the charterer has the liberty to load any similar cargo as long as the cargo stowage factor is not higher than the stowage factor freight is payable only if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after release of bill of lading if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, all day shall count as loading or discharging time time lost due to lack of cargo will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning time lost due to lack of cargo will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning the owners may be liable for missdelivery against a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading insurers' surveyor and possibly class surveyor, would normally attend the vessel before she departs for repair port he is responsible for any cargo damage, no matter how it was caused the carrier is bound to issue a bill of lading before vessel arrives at discharging port master do not release the cargo before charaterer instruct him to do so laytime is calculated based on charterers right to average laytime there is no restriction on bill of lading form transhipment is allowed only if it is done at usual transhipments ports carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to its final destination, Bucharest depends on charter-party terms and conditions shipowners for P&I insurance and charterers for H&M insurance

only to first and second voyage general average charges only at first port, if there is only one charterer to present for loading a seaworthy ship and in every way fit for the voyage carriers right in respect of deck cargo the maritime administation of the flag state Marfa va fi incarcata, stivuita si rujata pe cheltuiala vinzatorului. Stalii calculate conform contractului de vanzare cumparare orice pierdere, alta decit o pierdere totala Aspectele legate de echipaj si porturile de escala Bruto/netto DEQ DES pe parcursul voiajului unul dintre marinari lasa din neglijenta o lampa aprinsa in magazia navei 2 a navei si o parte din marfa es atunci cind nava necesita reparatii destul de mari si asiguratorii nu vor sa le platesca Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile, instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza si nu se poate lua legatura cu incarcatorul pentru instr Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este "clean". the first consignee is always the notify party and arrival notices should be given to him Hague-Visby Rules apply even if carriage from port A to port B is covered by two ladings bills of lading use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bona fide third p the time charter owners All remarks must be included into the Bills of Lading The master can release the cargo against full set of original bills of lading Se pot elibera numai 3 copii nenegociabile momentul de incepere al anului politei este mereu acelasi 20 Februarie, ora 12.00 GMT se impart intre armatori si navlositori armatorul va primi navlul atit in functie de numarul de voiaje efectuate de nava cit si in functie de durata aceastora Armatorul este responsabil pentru orice avarie a marfurilor indiferent de cauza care a produs-o cel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe timp este caraus Armatorul este responsabil daca marfurile se avariaza din orice cauza armatorul nu poate fi in nici un caz responsabil deoarece marfa a fost livrata in aceeasi stare si contie aparenta in care a fost in armatorul nu poate fi responsabil deoarece marfa era avariata inainte de incarcare si armatorul nu a observat acest lucru Navlositorul plateste navlul integral doar pentru marfa sosita in conditii bune si diferenta o pastreaza ca garantie nava nu are la bord sef mecanic atunci cind navlositorul ordona navei sa paraseasca portul respectiv Atat disponent owner-ul cat si proprietarul navei Este imposibil de efectuat transportul acestor marfuri in siguranta Se vor semna numai cu acordul navlositorului Regulile de la Hamburg Cand a fost prezentat de catre incarcatorii conosamentul original nu exista nici un fel de restrictii asupra formei conosamanetului nava efectuaza transporturi fara a avea incheiate contracte de navlosire Numarul de conosamente originale este de 3 (trei) indiferent de cerintele incarcatorului. on both number of voyages performed and their duration este acela de marfa ce satisface deadweight-ul net al navei Navlositorul - chirias Toate ordinele armatorului in ceea ce priveste nava si echipajul Taxele de tranzitare prin canale/stramtori sunt platite numai de navlositor pe toata durata time-charter-ului in proportie de 75 % de asiguratii H & M si 25% de asiguratorii P&I the safety of both: ship and cargo Bill of lading Pe cea mai mica dintre cantitatile incarcat-transportata-livrata Pe greutatea neta

transbordarea este permisa doar daca se efectueaza in porturi bine cunoscute de transbordare La semnarea si eliberarea conosamentului Doar in porturi de descarcare doar in primul port de incarcare si in primul port de descarcare Dupa descarcare Dupa descarcare pierderile cauzate de pericole maritime asigurarea se reinoieste dupa obtinerea noilor certificate de clasa in aceleasi conditii nava trebuie relivrata cu aproximativ aceeasi cantitate de combustibil ca la livrare nu este obligatorie el are dreptul de a demonstra contradiul in situatia in care conosamentul de afla in posesia unui tert de buna credinta caraus si orice posesor al conosamentului cu exceptia navlositorului Se determina de in functie de potentialul de piata al navei la momentul in care acestea se produc conosamentul ce se va emite trebuie sa contina aceste remarci comandantul poate elibera marfa doar daca se prezinta toate exemplarele originale in care s-a emis conosamentul comandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile doar daca se prezinta toate exemplarele originale sa-si conduca afacerile ca si cind ar fi o persoana prudenta nesigurata comandantul poate elibera marfa si pe baza unei copii a conosamentului original Trebuie sa se incarce pana la capacitatea maxima de incarcare cu deosebirea ca armatorul garanteaza ca va incarca cel putin Despatch-ul se plateste pentru timpul de la momentul finalizarii operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare pana in momentul te only after delivery of the goods at port of discharge innominate terms a company which is operating scheduled liner services between designated ports and maintain fixed freight rates for a long per Nava va fi programata de autoritati sa opereze la dana in ordinea sosirii in port si inaintarii NOR, cand portul este congestionat. that demurrage is half of despatch and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging ports that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for weather working time saved at both loading and discharging that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the charterers the first trial voyage a ship was badly damaged and underwriters do not consider worth to spend money on repairs if he fails to report accidents immediately when a ship or cargo is sunk in the water so deep that it would be technically impossible to recover the property P&I clubs are involved in salvage cases if there is risk of pollution after wind and/or sea conditions the ship have encountered may have damaged the cargo after every case of General Average when stevedores are damaging the ship DES DEQ during the voyage one of the seamen forget a light turned on inside the hold and the cargo is partly damaged vessel has unproperly qualified master or officers vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work and master is unable to get instructions fro consecutive voyage charter-parties O inspectie de intrare denumita "on hire survey" International Chamber of Commerce, PARIS Da Da Nu Nu Nu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantie Da, daca nu are acordul incarcaturului acela ca se remunereaza si operatiunile de prevenire si reducere a poluarii mediului marin chiar daca operatiunea nu este incu Anul de livrare a navei comisionul solicitat de armator si necesar pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu pa

Carausul cunoaste de la inceput persoana careia ii va remite marfurile si fata de care isi va executa obligatiile Armator, navlositor, broker In sarcina disponent owner-ului ambele forme de asigurare Chiriasului navei Navlositorului Pastreaza controlul navei atat din punct de vedere legal, cat si din punct de vedere comercial legal si comercial armatorul navei incarcatorul marfii incarcatorul marfii 18 ore consecutive incarcatorul marfii Armatorului-navlositor armatorul sau chiriasul navei chiriasul navei armatorului sau chiriasului navei Armator-navlositor si caraus proprietarului marfurilor navlositorului - chirias Proprietarului navei Proprietarului navei Inseamna portul strict in conformitate cu regulile stabilite de navlositor pentru primul si al doilea voiaj Yes, always vessel will be delivered dirty as she would be in the same condition if she was under a voyage charter employemen the disponent owner can borrow money and mortgage the ship only if the next freight is higher than the loan No, many sellers employ a freight forwarder to organise the shipment Tratatele internationale, uzurile si uzantele uniforme internationale, sistemul de drept ales de parti si clauzele inscrise in mod co nu elibereaza marfurile pina la instructiunile navlositorului La 850 DST pe colet sau alta unitate de transport si 3,5 DST pe kg La de doua ori si jumatate valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere; LINNER TERMS Sa rezilieze contractul Armatorul si navlositorul in proportii egale sa depuna un protest notarului local cu privire la starea marfurilor sau a ambalajelor. Conosamentul (B/L) Stevedore damage clauses can only be accepted if shippers or charterers or receivers bank sign them an oligopolistic market Unui conosament original both an insurance company and an insurance exchange LIFO terms LIFO terms Marfuri omogene, ambalate si de dimensiuni mai reduse, satisfacand partial, ele singure capacitatea de incarcare a unei navei Marfuri omogene, ambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a navei Egala cu navlul suplimentar ce ar fi fost obtinut daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea minima de marfa din care se scad cheltuielile su pierderea, daca exista, pe care a suferit-o salvatorul Hamburg Rules 0,10 milioane dolari 0,10 milioane dolari As fast as the vessel can receive or deliver Navlul platit armatorului daca nu se incarca toata cantitatea de marfa mentionata in contract Despagubirea pe care o primeste armatorul pentru neincarcarea de catre navlositor a cantitatii minime de marfa mentionata in

Suma de bani pe deplasament pe luna Suma de bani dependenta de mai multi factor variabili Doar in prima zi a L/C daca acesta nu este o zi de sarbatoare Cambia este un document prin care incas-oul documentar poate fi utilizat in platile internationale 5750 USD Navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe timp Nava se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate in orice imprejurare deoarece buna stare de navigabilitate nu se refera la compatib 11 zile 14 ore 24 minute 14 zile 12 ore 6 zile 8 ore 5 zile si 22 ore min/max 33,000 metric tons reparatiile temporare 9200 tone 10,000 tone 10,600 tone In momentul in care ajunge in rada portului Galati In momentul in care nava este acostata la dana 35 din Portul Constanta In momentul in care nava este acostata la dana 35 din Portul Constanta nu se poate stabili din aceste date daca este sau nu un caz de avarie comuna deoarece nu stim ce alte persoane mai aveau in Are de efectuat reparatii in magazii aceste marfuri pot fi aruncate peste bord in orice imprejurare deoarece ele nu se incarca in mod uzual pe punte required to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed to the nearest safe port required to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed to the nearest safe port Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the time of general ave drafted some clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need detailed report prepared by the master at discharging port to explain why there are discrepancies in the form of over, short and costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata se mentine constant este necesar ca motivele pentru care nava este off-hire sa fie continute intr-o clauza speciala Nu se limiteaza la nici o prevedere se estimeaza ca navlurile vor scadea Se conteaza ca stalii doar daca exista o prevedere contractuala in acest sens Se conteaza ca stalii doar daca exista o prevedere contractuala in acest sens oligopol Orice avarie care nu este avarie comuna si are loc in imprejurari fortuite, avind drept cauza forta majora. Ca nava va incarca o marfa ce respecta toate tratatele internationale ca nava poate transporta armament si munitie daca ele nu sunt in mod expres excluse prin contract Timpul efectiv lucrat in zilele exceptate se va conta ca stalii, daca staliile au inceput Se plateste navlul doar daca nava a ajuns in portul de destinatie si este gata de livrare se plateste navlul doar daca nava a ajuns in portul de destinatie si este gata de livrare Sunt satisfacute atat interesele armatorului cat si ale navlositorului deoarece armatorul primeste o despagubire, iar navlositorul Totalitatea cheltuielilor pe care armatorul le efectueaza cu marfa atunci cand este nevoit sa puna sechestru pe marfuri datorita Reprezinta perioada de timp cat alocata prin contractul de navlosire armatorului pentru a finaliza operatiunile de incarcare si sa Vanzatorului marfii be considered General Average since the danger of cargo damage is real and substantial Nava poate transporta prin constructie marfuri pe punte In documentul de transport este incorporata Clauza Paramount Nu se prevede expres. acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 45 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare. 835 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 3,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor p de trei ori valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere. Portul de descarcare se afla inscris in conosament.

Nu La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca plata navlului se face in momentul livrarii marfii. Camera de Comert International de la PARIS Costul marfurilor in conditiile de livrare la poarta fabricii pana la poarta cumparatorului Regula de interpretare, regulile numerice I-XXII avand caracter de principii generale, regulile literale A-G referitoare la cazuri pr In cazul ca incarcatura garanteaza pentru marfa printr-o scrisoare de garantie acoperita de o banca, remarcile nu se mai transf are included into bill of lading if letter of credit allow them agreements voluntarily entered in to to tow vessels broken down that are not in danger se pot accepta doar daca sunt contrasemnate de catre reprezentatii primitorului pot fi acceptate intotdeauna deoarece astfel armatorul este exonerat de raspundere pentru orice litigiu ce poate sa apara din ac $ 0.3 milion $ 0.3 milion Agentul navei si este contrasemnat de comandantul navei si companiile de stivatori ca prepusi ai incarcatorilor/primitorilor document drawn up by ship's agent and signed by master and stevedoring company which details the time worked together wit ship's agent and is coutersigned by the stevedoring company and the master il informati pe armator despre acest lucru si numai daca armatorul isi da acordul puteti accepta serviciul de salvare Orce persoana de catre care sau in numele careia sau din autorizarea careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport the level of maintenance of machinery and equipments As fast as the vessel can receive or deliver Seawaybill is used only in container trade ship's stability require some cargo to be loaded on deck to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as such documents refer to c If a bill of lading in respect of cargo which should have been shipped on deck does not clearly mention the deck carriage on its by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if charterers were loading minimim quantity they were under an usually sets out some fairly basic provisions about carriage but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or all of the prov loading and discharging charges are almost always for owners account laytime usually commences on expiration of a certain number of days after tendering notice of readiness is the servant of both owners and charterers Calculate correctly the looses each party have suffered in a general average incident or accident the risk and danger to the property saved despatch for laydays saved change, supension, discontinuance or withdrawal of class by the classification society states that the rules are always applicable in a General Average incidents or accidents Shifting time is counted as laytime only if there is a special provision in chartereparty to take property for a short time ca un act sau o omisiune a primitorului marfurilor. Se estimeaza ca intre euro si dolar se va mentine aproximativ acelasi raport de schimb documentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului la solicitarea armatorului Este detinut de comandantul navei Time Charter for one voyage este interzis a efectua astfel de operatiuni fara acordul asiguratorului deoarece asigurarea navei poate fi anulata HAGA GENEVA/1980 La autoritatea competenta cea mai apropiata de locul producerii evenimentului Pe piata de valori mobiliare cand sunt intocmite la ordin where the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's responsibility act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the cargo dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters quarantine regulations the incident which leads to general average is not the result of a fault

there must be a peril where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are shipped on deck, even if the Master will issue a second set of bills of lading if the shippers are promising to return the first set. York-Antwerp Rules during loading part of the cargo valoarea de piata a navei inainte de scufundare greutatea ce poate fi stivuita intr-un container. bareboat charter-parties putting into a port of refuge to effect some minor repairs A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the shipper and receive the owners will put charterers on notice to rectify deficiences and if same are not rectified will withdraw the vessel from chartere forced salvage Mate's receipt General Average Security to mediate matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an alternative to litigation to supervise performance of agreements between shipowners and charterers RAFTD possessory lien is dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is not dependent on possession To offer member shipowners and operators alternative to their hull and machinery policies and to help them reduce insurance c voyage costs to be light The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of dama The seller must bear all costs while the buyer must bear all risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port ( property liens she can either reputiate the contract or claim damages she can either repudiate the contract or claim damages A clear description of on-hire and off-hire procedure They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, to liability for cargo los York Antwerp Rules on voyage and time charter markets bareboat policy partial losses payable as per charter-party despatch for all time saved is always lower than despatch for working time saved unit cost is not dependent on deadweight Result of a laytime calculation can either be positive or negative depending who is calculating They should send to the charterers at least 3 notifications after due date and if the charterers do not pay, owners can withdraw he should send letters of protest to all parties involved Any cargoes the vessel is built to carry as long as they are not dangerous cover against liability for general average charges cover against three-fourths of liability to owners of cargoes on board vessels with which his ship collides all expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is forced to put lien on cargo at discharging port due to non receip It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for all expenses for the long b It means that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to b It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking the regulations of all po according with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basis according with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basis according with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basis A bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can insert his name and thereafter give ord it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is not counted as laytime A "bearer" bill of lading is a bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) which can g the fact that water density at respective port of call is variable

it means that owners have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the charterers at loading and discharging ports It means that owners have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amount It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried out during this period actual time used will no It means that if no loading or discharging berth is reachable on her arrival the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or It means that the vessel can tender the notice of readiness even if free practique has not been obtained It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if coustom formalities have been completed It means that master can tender notice of readiness if the vessel is not within the port limits, but she can arrive at usual waiting It means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she wa It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of quantity of cargo loaded or discharged to the agreed loa The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the chart An agreed amount calculated by multiplying vessel deadweight with a unit freight A bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can insert his name and ask for delivery of It means that the days specified count as laytime only if loading or discharging is carried out on them. a preloading survey of the cargo a delivery certificate confirming date and time of hand-over, bunkers on board and conditions of holds/tanks compensation for exposure to the one fourth of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do no Protection from exposure to the one fourth of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not c It means that the vessel should have at least 2 holds ready for loading on berthing losses cargoworthiness Cargo is delivered to the receivers No further Notice of Readiness is required as anyhow time lost will not count off hire survey on hire survey a system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the bunker consumption a system of protecting the owners against sudden and unexpected changes in the exchange rate of currency the owners earn t a fotuitous partial loss caused by a peril insured against A notice given to the charterer, shipper, receiver or other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel has arrived at one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers after signature of a charter-party the bank is only paying part of the letter of credit amount and keeping the balance as guarantee a fixed premium paid for entering the vessel in to a P&I Club a person who agrees to carry goods from one place to another a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship. A bill of lading used only when the vessel is employed on a charterparty clearly mentioning that all bills will be subject to charter An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large quantity of named goods between specific place either a voyage charter or a time charter agreement a variable amount which is deducted from any insurance claim paid by the insurer a compulsory excess applied by the club, so that the owner has to bear the first part of each claim himself A bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of the goods loaded A bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of the goods loaded a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of exporters or importer and is usually acting as a shipper A general average act is any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred in time of peril for a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurers for calculation of losses involved in a maritime disaster and contribution o A partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage fr An undertaking issued by an insurer, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller pr a carrier who reduce his liability by contracting out of Hague or Hague Visby obligations a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, in the absence of some A solemn declaration made by a shipmaster under oath before a notary public to the effect that the loss, damage or delay to the The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the management of the ship a bill of lading issued before the vessel sails from the loading port a contract for hire of vessel which will be nominated at a latter stage for certain period of time A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship brokers at the end of the voyage to record the time not worked and reason for no

a promise by the assured that something will or will not be done, or that some obligation will be fulfilled. One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge port, allowing the leg an event produced without fault of the owner or master A letter of guarantee given by the cargo underwriters for not keeping the owners responsible for any General Average damages A wrongful act wilfully commited by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer. The final day of laytime, after which, if the ship fails to complete loading operation, charterers have the option to cancel the cha A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for their failure to load the minimum quantity of cargo t A monetary reward payable by owners to charterers for completion of cargo operations after the laytime has expired The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from port of shipment to a place situated as near as possible to none of the clauses have priority of interpretation and master should ask for instruction from charterers The owners have to perform the voyage up to the end, but they will not deliver the cargo unless outstanding hire is paid in full The period of time during which the vessel is obliged to present herself at the loading or discharging port, and during which cha a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate without human negligence It means that the insurer must disclose to the assured, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is k within Institute Warranty Limits a clause bill of lading which was presented to the bank and the bank is not sure if it affects the interest of the receivers or not a clause that provides that the assured has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo condition at loading or discharging ports The right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for a future performance of an obligation under con they have to take into consideration receivers' interests between 120,000 and 180,000 dwt between 38,000 and 52,000 dwt between 22,000 and 35,000 dwt between 50,000 and 80,000 dwt between 52,000 and 58,000 dwt A common law lien needs to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien needs not to be incorporated by a Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail while under CIF delivery risks are transferred there is no difference between the two expressions There is a sensible difference, but only an arbitrator can decide it Whereas in insurance law breach of a warranty only allows the injured party to sue for damages, in carriage of goods law breac If deck cargo is saved by a General Average act, the owner of the deck cargo will not be liable to make a General average cont The cargo owners will pay a smaller general average contribution to export and import on CIF terms It means that freight has to be paid before releasing bill of lading INCOTERMS 2000 2004 The level of damages for detention is determined by market potential of the vessel at the time of occurrence he can sell the goods once he has received the documents the owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in maintaining the ship is a good technical condition vessel is from commercial point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time a partial loss of a property exposed to maritime perils To indemnify is to make good a loss suffered, not by replacement of the subject matter lost, but by a financial payment it depends on ship's size, but generallya tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptable Book of Lading to enable the seller to receive payment for the goods before shipment on board the vessel According to Paramount Rule allowance for sacrifoice or expenditure is accepted even if it is not reasonably made or incurred Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules depending on the port cargo is loaded. FCA Bills of lading has to be issued in accordance with Letter of Credit, but almost always discrepancies are accepted if they are no The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a suplimentary In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate is "2000 metric tons per running day" By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if there are any claims, they will settle the claim directly with the receivers

putting into an intermediate port or place for stores or provisions which are not esential to the safe completion of the voyage resistant port charges at the port of refuge cost of discharging a cargo in order to refloat a stranded ship It has property of the bill of lading and can sell the goods if payment is not done in time repairs during the voyage interest charges insurance premiums provisions and stores P&I insurance canal tools Give false information to charterers about vessel's arrival date Issue a letter of protest to the shippers he should refuse to act as agent anymore and ask shipowners and charterers to nominate their own agents Consult owners' P&I club correspondent "ORIGINAL SEA WAYBILL" private carriers Third party liability insurance even if a cargo owner can not show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the ve he should ask a lawyer about validity of the notice of readiness the owners may be able to arrange cheaper towage services on a contractual basis vessel has to be redelivered with almost same quantity of bunker as on delivery Before delivery of the cargo to receivers at any intermediate port They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between charterers and owners. external condition of the cargo the carrier is responsible for any cargo damage the need to protect the interests of the H&M and P&I inrurers USD 116,000 USD 140,000 port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are covered by the owner port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are covered by the owner when one of the parties to a contract is based in a country where rules apply After presentation of an original bill of lading only part of the goods arrive at destination after the cargo is stored into custom's custody when the relevant facts come to light e.g. when a surveyor report has been received before vessel departure from the port or immediately a cargo damage is discovered during discharging operation medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 1 Knot than the speed mentioned in the charterpart Only when the York - Antwerp Rules are incorporated into the contract of carriage before authorised person under local law to adminsiter oaths and take sworn declarations at closest place after the event can be considered Particular Average, since the master is avoiding the damage of the vessel No, shipmaster is under a statutory obligation to save human lives only voyage costs the master is required to deliver the goods to the holder of mate's receipt no matter if he is the original shipper or not make all parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation assume that voyage charterers are legally the carrier and wait for their instruction and then ask owners for approval both fire damaged cargo and CO2 damaged cargo FOB and CIF Total Average carrier's lien on cargo for non payment of freight loading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight loading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight

CIP DES FAS 1000 metric tons per hatch per day payment of freight clauses Notice of readiness Depends on terms of the fixture loses generated by inherent vice or nature of the subject matter insured loss or damage caused by accidents in loading, discharging or shifting cargo or fuel loss or damage caused by negligence of repairerers or Charterers, provided such repairers or Charterers are an Assured unde carried on deck without liability to carrier for loss or damage, howsoever caused COMBIDOC LINNER TERMS LILO jettison damage Loss of insured vessel Coaltime more publicity to exercise due diligence to properly man, equip and supply the ship to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before the commencement of the voyage Notice of readiness to be accepted a shipowner breaching the warranty to sail in convoy accidents after commencement of the voyage LOF terms can be agreed by radio, simply by reference freight per distance lumpsum freight according to Word Scale duplicate of the true contract of cariage Utmost good faith to load the cargo supplied by the shippers to present for signature bills of lading that are in accordance with charter-party terms recommended charter-parties Customary quick despach deviation clause 10 clear days cargo rust stained Unproper packing Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargo Feight payable before breaking bulk Brutto/netto FAS DES Mate's receipts Mate's receipts Jettisson or other proper General Average sacrifice Freight pre payable Freight collect Freight to be paid Type of cargo bunker price Change of political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are situated after charter-party date bunker price

bunker price to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy during the voyage three forths of the collision liabilities Barecon Medcoal Synacomex Synacomex Nipponore Intertankvoy Blackseawood Policy year starts on 20th February, 12.00 GMT hours Bill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and conditio some areas of the world are open for navigation part of the year and closed for navigation for the rest of the year port expenses class inspections The buyer of the goods the shipper the shipper the receiver it is shared between shipowners and bareboat charterers Lloyd's Insurance brokers Canal transit expenses and risks for delay are covered by the charterers shippers Any person having authority from the shipowner voyage charterers always the headowner is the ship's agent principal stevedoring company is appointed by the owners, but is paid by the charterers duty officer or chief mate shipowners agent crew to make easier the process of inserting new clauses Because cargoes carried on deck make the vessel unseaworthy to give the owners the opportunity to recover all of the amounts due to them and not paid before and after delivery of the cargo to know how many receivers will ask for delivery of cargo This is important because in many ports shifting expenses are lower during weekend York-Antwerp 2004 Rules are less favourable to the shipowner in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Average because it may be impossible to ascertain the full extent of the loss or damage when first noting sea protest, and further facts m Because sometimes vessels are employed with despatch and charterers want to compensate despatch with balance freight Master will reply to head owners requirements either direct or via his disponent owners contact imediately the owners, inform them about the the offer and wait for their instructions

Data 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

Raspuns4 the bill of lading becomes a "shipped bill of lading" bill of lading which is issued in accordance with requirements of the charterparty and with instructions from sh voyage charterer do not deliver the cargo without presentation of original bill of lading expression "freight to be paid" is included in the bill of lading the receiver after the cargo pass ship's rail at discharging port shipowners and receiver none of the above, since master is under an obligation to reply to a call for assitance at the time the vessel arrives the master can ask for an independent survey and his decision is final can be a valid notice of readiness if it is sent during holiday only when the ship is withing port limits and is at immediate and effective disposal of the charterers once her notice of readiness is accepted Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that purpose until the fre laytime will start in the same time for both cargoes imediately the berth is accesssible imediately the berth is accesssible Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting pla this operation can be done at owners risk and expenses and there is no need for any approval from the insur in both situations 10,800 metric tons 10,800 metric tons 10,800 metric tons No, this action can not be considered general average as it is owners fault that engine is not working 33,000 metric tons 5% lchop min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons Never, as usualy the currency fluctuations can not be predicted with enough accuracy a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transit Head Charter the ship will be ready to start loading or discharging before berthing once the the vessel arrives at usual waiting place or where port authorities instruct her to wait discharging is finished and cleaning is under way repairs at main engine are carried out during loading operation master is allowed not to start loading operation, unless shippers confirm that actual time used will count as la the owners can take as much bunker as they want if vessel's cargo capacity is between 4750 and 5250 metr once the vessel enter the administrative, fiscal and commercial area of Galatzi port master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at first loading and first discharging port Charerer will ask for arbitration before paying any freight the master should ask for P&I correspondent advise and his decision is final and master has to follow it 10,000 USD 12,000 USD 4 days 19 hours 10 minutes 6 days 12 hours 5 days 19 hours lost anchor the 2 containers lost during collision can not be said as it depends on particular circumstances of the case any vessel used in the carriage of goods by sea, rivers, lakes for any kind of repairs

0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the highe to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding if such carriage is in accordance with the usage of the particular trade 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or in carriers' option 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or ele consecutive days commencing from the hour NOR was tendered and ending after number of days stipulated despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of la an agreed amount payable to the owners in respect of not loading the vessel within the laytime, for which the an option given to the charterer to add together the time allowed for loading and discharging and to calculate a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or it would be, if vessel is waiting for her turn, impos a day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the v within 48 running hours before cancelling date the owners should stop the vessel and wait for a new cancelling date is under an obligation to call at any port or ports charterers instruct her to proceed, in any order, for any purpo at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is accepted up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next wo either the charterers or the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the other party lowest between intaken or delivery quantity the seventh day after the cancelling date missed by the vessel goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty e the place of loading or discharging nominated in a charterparty an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and unless suit is brought within one year after date when the goods should have been delivered. resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would p fit to encounter any extraordinar perils of the sea they are destroyed by the master only hand signed and stamped documents are acceptable as in this way there is a clear and unquestionable in gri The shipowners are entitled not to discharge the cargo before they are paid the hire in full Owners are under no obligation to have H&M and/or P&I insurance doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie si nava a fost angajata pentru navlu lumpsum 25% by H & M insurers and 75% by P&I insurers the person a charterparty has been made with the particular average element once loading commences viteza navei trebuie nu fie nici un moment mai redusa decit viteza inscrisa in contract se are in vedere atit aspectul exterior al marfii cit si continutul coletelor

Liner Bills of Lading the master has to follow always charterers orders in a time charter otherwise, vessel will be placed off-hire

only charterers interests are satisfied as owners may loose next employment due to charterers failure to load the time charterers can replace the master with another one if they pay for his salary Yes, since bunker is owned by the time charterers Yes, if all conditions of a general average are met

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

clauza referitoare la nominarea porturilor de descarcare

obligatia de a efectua voiajul intr-o perioada de timp rezonabila fransizele avariei particulare in orice zona a globului navigatia este permisa cel putin o parte dintr-un an

pentru procurarea marfurilor folosesc brokeri

nu exista nici un fel de diferenta

doar pentru navele mici, inseamna ca se considera acceptabila o oarecare toleranta pozitiva sau negativa

0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 Factura comerciala 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 a document drawn up by ship's agent at each port of call, containing detailed description of the cargo loaded 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Este documentul care evidentiaza integritatea cantitativa si calitativa a marfurilor descarcate 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Este contractul standard folosit pentru inchirierea containerelor 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 special 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 conform acestei expresii armatorul plateste doar daca nava este salvata fara a fi avariata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

renegocierea contractului daca partea care sufera pierderi nu-si mai poate acoperi cheltuielile de exploatare contractele de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive intruniri ale organizatiilor armatorilor si incarcatorilor in care se dezbat probleme de interes comun

toate faptele relevante pentru riscul asumat trebuie sa fie anuntate asiguratorilor inainte de inceperea intocm

in situatia in care partile au convenit prin contractul de navlosire sau prin conosament ca avaria comuna va fi

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

este contractul prin care armatorul cedeaza in schimbul unei sume de bani numita chirie gestiunea nautical s

este o cafenea in care se intilnesc comerciantii si asiguratorii

armatorul poate cere posesorului conosamnetului sa platesca orice suma de bani pe care armatorul o plates acesta inseamna ca nava se considera livrata la trecerea travers de Constanta aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia la bord primul pilot pentru a intra in portul respe aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca pilotul la iesirea din portul Co

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

conosament la primitor

if the owners are unreasonably preventing cargo operation due vessel deficiencies

All original bills of lading issued in the same way like laytime for porst of loading and ports of discharging vessel is bunkering and this operation prevents loading or discharging operations per consecutive day or pro rata once laycan has expired whenever charterers require owners to pay for time saved

Yes, they have an insurable interest in respect of their jobs Yes, he is entitled to put lien on cargo for its contribution to a General Average at first port of refuge a mixture between monopolistic and perfect competive model

In black elementul de avarie particulara

if sea grade is below 5 on Douglas Scale it is always required that owners agree with charterers allegations for voyage charterers account change of incompentent crew it is hard to estimate what the market will be ad valorem per displacement at crew's risk bills of lading that provides legislation of any state giving effect to the Rules is to govern the contract of carria from tackle to tackle when carriage is covered by a bill of lading to carriage of goods by river Cargo is loaded from country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified they are considered valid if they were deleted by mistake by the broker issuing the charter-party

0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

They are dependent on the local or international law applicable to the contracts of carriage involved they are entitled to a fee which is always payable by the party they represent during negotiations By inserting a clause stating that deadfreight and demurrage are payable before completion of discharging By asking charterers when they can accept the Notice of Readiness and tendering it once it is required by ch by asking for charterers permission to carry out repairs and maintenance by procuring a FD&D insurance cover It enables the shipowner to transfer the ownership during the voyage, make it possible for the owner to raise A working day is a day which can not be considered a holiday A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice w Laytime is calculated based on vessel's capacity to load or discharge Above expression shall mean that if at the loading or discharging port working time is of 8 hours per day then hire is paid in advance at the beginning of each year Hire is usually paid at the end of every 15 or 30 days Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a d Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a d only for minimum 3 years Every copy of the original bill of lading can be considered a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading 10 running days ten Number of original bills of lading issued depends on the custom at loading and discharging ports and master if bill of lading is marked "freight collect" by fixing the cargo only on liner out basis if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Sca he should act in the interests of all parties involved in a common adventure there is a breach of an express guarantee Depends who is the party responsible for the damage it is in the hands of the receiver who is also the charterer the shipowner has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the charterer guarantee he w will be operated at one good safe berth which is always accessible and where she will lay always afloat the extra expenses involved are higher than the bugdeted expenses laytime will start as per custom of port should wait for instructions from the shippers issue a letter of protest and sent it to BIMCO/International Maritime Bureau master has no obligation to instruct the agents, as it is operational department obligation to instruct the agent exactly the same remarks on the back of the Bill of Lading it is master's option if he tenders a new notice of readiness or not master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only if he waits a reasonable period to see if USD 17,8 per metric ton USD 14,6 per metric ton stevedores charterers are entitled not to pay the freight before cargo claim is settled he is required to follow charterers orders, as they would be responsible for any damages to the vessel actual time used will count only if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX EIU owners are not entitled to any compensation voyage charterer once the pilot is on board and the vessel proceed to berth 35 shippers employement of FIO terms charterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum volumetric capacity of vessels holds the master can tender NOR anytime between 10 and 20 December as this the agreed Lay Can should ask charterers to gurantee that vessel will berth again once the holds are clean and dry to ask always for underwriters permission when he feels like the risk is higher than usual owners can only be responsible if the bill of lading holder prove that the damage was generated by owners fa

0 owners can only be responsible if cargo owners prove that cargo was damaged due to owners fault 0 any date required by the shippers USD 33,000 0 USD 33,000 0 USD 13,000 0 USD 13,000 0 a negociated value between owners and underwriters 0 owners are entitled to put lien on cargo for payment of full freight 0 vessel will be delivered when she drops last sea pilot at Sulina and proceeds to the sea 1 vessel will be delivered when she is within administrative, fiscal and commercial area of the port of Constanta 0 vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port 1 if the vessel is employed of liner in and free out terms 0 Depends on the applicable law and only a court of law can say if underwriters are liable or not 1 owners can discharge the cargo at loading port if freight is not paid 0 NOR can be tendered by VHF 0 General average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the country where the voyage terminates 0 The cargo owner will have no claim under York-Antwerp Rules to a General Average contribution from the ot 0 despatch is payable for all time saved 0 A Standard Deviation Clause 0 both shipowners and charterers 0 shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses 1 master 0 always charterers 1 time lost due to bad weather will count as laytime or time on demurrage 0 master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from 1 shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses 0 parties under an obligation to negotiate which terms have priority of interpretation 1 the owners are under an obligation to carry the cargo up to its final destination without extra freight 0 if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, entire day shall count as loading 0 Saturdays or Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime 0 Saturdays or Sundays and holidays not counted as laytime 0 shifting time is always excluded from laytime 0 shifting time is always counted as laytime 1 bill of lading weight 1 on highest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at discharging port 0 the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty and the cargo has to be in 0 freight is payable only on vessel's arrival at discharging port and commencement of discharge 0 actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or 0 time lost due to break down of shore cranes will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning 1 time lost due to break down of shore cranes will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning 0 the owners can be liable if Hague Rules apply 0 against one of the original bills of lading issued 1 master will make a complete survey before the vessel departs for repair port 1 he is only responsible if the cargo owners can prove that damage is a consequence of deck stowage 0 the carrier is bount to issue a bill of lading at receivers' request 0 master release the cargo and retain the original bill of lading 0 arbitartors will decide what is most appropiate method of calculating laytime 1 it is compulsory to be prinded on a A4 paper 0 transhipment is allowed as along as owners assume full liability 1 carrier is entitled to recover any extra expenses from the bill of lading holder 0 both shipowner and bareboat charterer 0 charterers for P&I insurance and shipowners for H&M insurance

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0

only to first voyage money spent in protecting the cargo yes, it is compulsory to note a sea protest at every port of call to issue, on demand of the shipper, a bill of Lading after receiving the goods into his charge carriers right to deviate P&I club corespondent in the nearest coastal state

orice pierdere in care nava exista, dar cheltuielile de reparatie sunt atit de mari incit este mai bine sa se renu

la plecarea din portul de bunkerare nava are probleme tehnice ce pot afecta siguranta navei atunci cand nava este atat de avariata incat costul reparatiilor ar depasi valoarea navei dupa reparatie Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile, instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza si nu poate lua legatura cu navlosito the party whom the carrier is instructed to deliver the goods when goods have arrived at their destination Hague-Visby rules do no apply while cargo is in transit in port C if carriage is covered by two bills of lading not use his correct draft survey calculations to show the true quantity loaded the voyage charter owners Only remarks accepted by the charterers can be included into Bills of lading The master can release the cargo against presentation all original and "not negotiable" copies issued momentul de incepere al anului politei este mereu acelasi 1 Ianuarie, ora 0.00 GMT se stabileste cui apartin doar dupa ce se analizeaza foarte bine contractul armatorul va primi navlul in functie de durata voiajelor efectuate de nava cel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe voiaj este caraus

armatorul poate fi responsabil daca posesorul conosamentului demonstreaza ca marfurile au fost avariate di armatorul poate fi responsabil daca posesorul conosamentului demonstreaza ca marfurile au fost avariate di nava efectueaza reparatii la motorul principal pe durata operatiunilor de incarcare

este obligatoriu sa fie tiparit pe o pagina A4 nava nu este in buna stare de navigabilitate la inceputul calatoriei

in owners option either on number of voyages performed or on voyage duration este acela de marfa, care stivuita corect ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei si conduce la utilizarea intreg

in proportie de 75 % de asiguratorii P&I si de 25 % de asiguratorii H&M the safety of the discharge operation Charterparty Bill of Lading

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

transbordarea este permisa cit timp armatorul garanteaza sosirea in timp a marfurilor la destinatie

doar in porturile de incarcare

pierderile generate de viciul ascus sau de natura obicetului asigurat schimbarea societatii de clasificare nu are nici un efect asupra asigurarii navei combustibilul folosit pe durata contractului de navlosire pe timp este platit de navlositor este obligatorie doar pentru navele vechi ce pot cauza pierderi autoritatilor portuare el nu are dreptul in nici o imrejurare sa demonstreze contrariul navlositor si posesorul conosamanetului

comandantul poate elibera marfa in schimbul prezentarii unei copii negociabile a conosamentului comadantul ar putea elibera marfurile chiar si in lipsa conosamentelor originale daca se face dovada ca peso sa accepta expeditii maritime cu riscuri mari deoarece acesta este si motivul pentru care plateste asigurare comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, in schimbul unui singur exemplar original

before signing and releasing bills of lading indefinite terms structure gathering together all liner shipping companies with the only purpose of limiting competition and inc

that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved at both loading and disch that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved at both loading and disch that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the shippers or receivers the voyage from one loading port to another loading port a ship was so badly damaged that the cost of repairs exceed the value of the repaired vessel if he fails to keep the vessel in class when a ship is ashore in a position from which it would be technically impossible to recover the property P&I clubs are not involved in salvage cases since salvage is covered by H&M insurance whenever the master suspect a possible damage to the cargo after the ship has been damaged from any cause after an accident at sea FCA FCA on departure from bunkering port, the vessel has serious engine problems vessel doesn't carry latest version of charts vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work and master is unable to contracts of affreightment International Association of Traders, Bruxelles

1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

doar pentru primul voiaj Depends on what is the redelivery point as crew can clean it up if the ballast voyage is longer the disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship if the charter-party contains a specia Yes, since the leter of caredit is in his favour he has always to be the shipper elibereaza marfurile si retine la bord conosamentul original

War cancelling clauses can only be accepted if owner has a long standing commercial relation with the receivers a monopolistic market a coffee house where traders and insurers meet and do business together LILO terms FILO terms

Egala cu navlul suplimentar ce ar fi fost obtinut daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea maxima de marfa din care se vechimea navei salvatoare York-Antwerp Rules 0, 20 milioane dolari 0, 20 milioane dolari

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons pierderea ancorei

avem de-a face cu o salvare deoarece nava s-a salvat de la scufundare

proprietarul marfurilor nici nu contribuie la avaria comuna nici nu este despagubit required to wait few days and then make a decision required to wait few days and then make a decision Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value after te drafted all clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need written statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is note costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata nu este dependent de marimea navei este nevoie ca armatorul ca fie de acord cu reclamatia navlositorului nu se poate estima evolutia navlurilor

concurenta perfecta

ca nava va incarca o marfa ce respecta toate tratatele internationale

se plateste navlul indiferent de ce se intampla cu nava si indiferent cind se intimpla

be considered General Average only if H&M insurers agree with this Transportul containerelor ncarcarea s-a efectuat intr-o tara care a ratificat regulile

1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0

are included into bill of lading if charerparty allow them agreements voluntarily entered in to save vessels not having cargo on board de obicei scrisorile de garantie se folosesc doar pentru semnarea conosamentelor fara remarci, nu si pentru se pot accepta scrisori de garantie doar pentru neinscrierea in Mate's Receipt a remarcilor $ 0.2 milion $ 0.2 milion

document drawn up by ship's agent and signed by the master and the stevedoring company listing all events the stevedoring company and is countersigned by the master nu acceptati oferta si asteptati pina raspunde urmatoarea nava

the general condition of the vesssel As fast as the charterers can receive or deliver Seawaybill is not always negotiable carriage of containers to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as such do If that type of cargo is usually carried on deck and Bill of Lading in clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if owners were loading maximum quantity the usually sets out in full the contract of carriage between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper) and the c usually sets out in full the contract between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper) and the carrier under at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during office hours , and at 06.00 hours next working day if noti is the servant of the charterers, but has to follow also orders from owners Give the master the freedom of trowing the cargo over board to save the ship and the crew from danger with the age of the salvage vessel destaptch for all time saved change of ownership, management or flag explain how contributions are calculated and paid by the parties to General Average Dead time is counted as laytime only if shippers do not ask for despatch money to instruct receivers not to sell them further

One Trip Charter este permis a se efectua astfel de operatiuni deoarece riscuri suplimenatre pentru armator si implicit pentru a

where the both the character of the property and circumstances under which the carriage is to be performed All of the above saving or atempting to save life or property at sea insufficiency or inadequacy of the marks act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or mana the act must be intentional or voluntary

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

the sacrifice or expenditure must be ordinary where there is a statement on the back of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods can be shippe Master will issue a second set of bills o lading if the shippers guarantee they will destroy the first set York - Hamburg Rules before vessels' departure suma inscrisa in polita de asigurare

consecutive voyage charter-parties extinguishing a fire A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the s the owners will inform port state control in the next port of call and ask them to arrest the vessel until deficien common law salvage Draft survey report General Average Bond to decide terms of the contract of carriage if parties in dispute do not find a mutual solution to find employment for ships and to to find suitable sea transport for the carriage of a cargo UNCITRAL possessory lien is not dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is dependent on posse To offer freedom of operation to member shipowners and operators and allow them to carry on their activities variable costs to be resistant The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk The buyer must bear all costs while the seller must bear all risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail a maritime liens she can only claim damages if cargo condition was affected she can only claim damages if cargo condition is affected on delivery A clear identification of delivery and redelivery points They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, to li Hamburg Rules on bareboat charter markets voyage policy accidental losses on delivery despatch for all time saved is equal or lower than despatch for working time saved unit cost is always constant Result of a laytime calculation can be despatch is charterers make calculatios or demurrage if owners make They should wait at least 10 days before they send to the charterers a notification to pay and if the charterers he should ask crew to participate in loading or discharging operation Any cargoes charterers consider suitable, as they will be responsible if vessel is redelivered in a damaged co cover against liability for cargo damage generated by the ship cover against liability for salvage charges all expenses incurred by the carrier to return the cargo at the loading port if by some reasons vessel is unabl It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the long It means that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any despatch resulti It means that the vessel is entitled to carry any cargo that is not officialy declared unlawful by a specialised ag according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) which can be trans it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is counted as laytime A "bearer" bill of lading can be a bill of lading with consignee space left blank and in this way can pass from h the fact that water density at respective port of call can not be precisely measured

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

it means that owners have the right to nomitate what agents will be appointed at loading and discharging por It means in case charterers redeliver the vessel cleaned they are entitled to receive a lumpsum amount It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried out during this period actu It means that if loading or discharging berth is free but vessel can not berth on her arrival the vessel, on reac It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if custom formalities are not completed, but if la It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if free practique has not been obtained It means that master can tender notice of readiness if the vessel is arriving within the port limits before charte It means that only in a berth charterparty notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port li It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of ship's displacement the agreed loadin The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and duri An agreed amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given A bill of lading issued to order of the shipper and which can be endorsed in full in favour of the true owner of It means that the days specified do not count as laytime even if loading or discharging is carried out on them a certificate of insurance a delivery certificate confirming name of owners, name of time charterers and duration of the contract compensation to shipowners for all looses that may apear during a maritime adventure Protection against claims made by third parties as a result of some accidents on boart it means that the vessel is in every way fit for the voyage loss of income technical seaworthiness Vessel will start discharging of the cargo A new Notice of readiness will have to be tendered once the holds pass another survey detailed survey of open spaces off hire survey a system of stabilizing the profit by including all extra bunker consumption in the freight a system of protecting the owners when their expenses are expressed in other currency than the currency th a intentional partial loss caused by a peril insured against A notice given to the shipowners for further forwarding to charterer, shipper, receiver or other persons as req one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that replace clauses from a standard charte the bank is not entitled to study the bills of lading, they only have to pay the seller for deliverying the goods a fixed premium paid for releasing the vessel from a P&I club a person who enter into a charter party agreement as shipowner a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the hire of a ship. A bill having clauses that incorporate all terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions of a charterparty any contract of carriage by sea, e.g a chartering agreement or a contract expressed in a Bill of Lading a bill of lading an amount which is deducted from insurance claim and which is negotiable for every casualty a maximum amount covered by P&I clubs, so that the owner has to bear all amounts over the stated maximu A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of shipowners and is usually acting as shipp A general average is any sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred for the purpose o a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurer for establishing the reasons for a general average situat A partial or total loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all the intere An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided th a carrier who has his own vessels and operate them as he wishes a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, on a A declaration registered by the master in the deck log book to the effect that he is exonerating the ship from The master should always ask owners for instructions when he receives orders from the time charterer a bill of lading issued issued when the carrier receive the goods into his care, before loading into onto the shi a contract for carriage of a cargo from one place to another where freight is paid per day A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship's agent at loading or discharging port to record the time worked

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a term of the policy which when breached allow the assured to get compensation from the underwriter One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the bank, allowing the legal holder to an unavoidable accident of the sea A ship underwriter's signed guarantee, given in consideration of releasing the vessel to its owners without co A wrongful act wilfully commited by the owners or crew to the prejudice of the owner of goods The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, owners have the option t A sum of liquidated damages charged by the charterer to the shipowner for failure to load the maximum quan A monetary reward payable by owners to agents for completion of cargo operations before the laytime has ex The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for renting the ship for a certain period of time to the charterer either the owners or the charterers should refer the case to arbitration for a decision over interpretation the owners have the right to return to the loading port and discharge the cargo if they are not paid The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the charterer is performing a natural tendency of the goods to loose weight during the carriage It means that the assured must have some legal relationship to the subject matter insured, and must stand to outside Institute Warranty Limits a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of last day of shipment or 21 days after signature a clause that provides that the underwriter has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording number and condition of cargo loaded or discharge The right of the carrier to retain property of the cargo carried as a security for the performance of an obligatio they have to take into consideration charterers' interests between 110,000 and 220,000 dwt between 38,000 and 48,000 dwt between 38,000 and 45,000 dwt between 80,000 and 120,000 dwt between 38,000 and 58,000 dwt The difference is not very important as in a contract of carriage of goods by sea all that matters is the expres there is no difference there is a difference but for charterparty purposes it is not important There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24 consecutive hours can ex In neither carriage of goods law or insurance law breach of a warranty allows the injured party to regard the c Only if deck cargo is loaded in accordance with the custom of the trade, the owner of the deck cargo will be l If cargo is loaded legally or wrongfully on deck General average position does not change to export and import on FOB terms It means that freight has to be paid before delivery of the cargo INCOTERMS 2004 2006 The level of damages for detention is determined by level of Baltic Dry Cargo Index at the begining of voyage he can buy the goods once he has received the documents the owner is mainly concerned with crew competence in performing their job vessel is from both commercial and administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited p a partial loss incurred through deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all interests involved in To indemnify is to either replace goods lost or to offer financial compensation at underwriters option only for small vessel a certain tolerance is acceptable Bill of Lading to guarantee to the seller that he will receive payment for the goods before delivery According to Paramount Rule master is under a duty to contact all the parties involved before declaring Gene Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules FAC Bills of Lading and Letters of Credit are different documents and there is no relationship between them The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides f In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading rate is in accordance with char By such a letter of indemnity receivers can not consider responsible the carrier and they have to sue shippers

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putting into a port for bunkers for a future voyage when there is no clause in the contract of carriage allowing special master's and crew's wages while a ship is being repaired slipping an anchor and cable to avoid a collision It advances money only to the customers known as good performers berth charges insurance charges costs of bunker fuel heavy fuel water and lube oil agency fees Reduce speed and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the carterparty or not ask for an independent survey he should act as an independent observer and leave the shipowners and charterers to solve their problems Ask owners agent to accept notice on charterers behalf "PARTLY NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL" tramp carriers Cargo Insurance if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to ma he is not required to send a new notice of readiness the owners should contact all vessels offering assitance and negociate the salvage bunker used from delivery time is for charterers' account Before delivery of the cargo to receivers at the port of refuge They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between shippers and owners. condition of the cargo inside packs the degree of responsibility is the same no matter if cargo was stowed on or under deck the need to avoid or reduce the risk of harm to the marine environment USD 125,000 USD 160,000 port expenses at loading are covered by the owner and port expenses at discharging are covered by the cha vessel is only entitled to call at one loading and one discharging ports when more means of transportations are used and at least one is sea transport After presentation of all set of original bills of lading only part of the goods arrive at destination and freight is agreed on lumpsum basis after the carrier inspect the goods on loading berth when he receives a notice of claim from the shippers and based on the notice, he should protect the owners as soon as the vessel pass a bad weather area, the master is under an obligation to note a sea protest speed can never be lower with more than 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterparty Only when charterer is based in a country that has ratified the York - Antwerp rules before any maritime authority able to check the correctness of master declarations at first port of call can be considered Particular Average only if the vessel and/or cargo are partly damaged No, shipmasters are under a statutory obligation to save the ship only capital costs the master is entitled to keep the goods until one original bill of lading is issued properly man, equip and supply the ship assume that either owners and time charterers can be considered carriers and ask both of them for instructio either damaged cargo and CO2 damaged cargo at assured option EXW and DDU General Average bunker supplier's lien on the ship for payment of bunker procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners

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CPD DDP FAC 4 weather working days general average clauses Cargo manifest charter-party losses generated by ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage or breakage loss or damage caused by ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage loss or damage caused by piracy cargo can be loaded on deck at shippers' risk CONGENBILL LIFO FLT collision damage Non contact damage to other ships Linertime faster settlement to select with great care the crew, equipments and all suplies for the voyage to ensure that the vessel will be ready to load the cargo and proceed on the voyage with reasonable despatc Notice of readiness to be tendered a shipowner not disclosing that vessel has no statutory certificates failure to hold necessary class documents Potential reward is negotiable lumpsum freight freight per time per deadweight all told document of title for the goods, proving the ownership Prudent uninsured to deliver cargo as instructed by the charterers to have the cargo ready for loading, before vessels arrival at loading port agreed charter-parties 7 clear days discharge port nomination clause customary quick despatch condition unknown Cargo condition unknown Freight payable before releasing bills of lading market "freight prepaid" Freight payable at destination Brutto DDP DDU preloading survey reports Preloading survey reports negligence of the consignor Freight payable at destination Freight pre payable Freight payable after delivery Port expenses sudden change of weather during the voyage inclusion of weekends and holidays in laytime loading and discharging rates in a FIO fixture

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change of bunker price during voyage to perform the voyage within a reasonable time excess collision liability Shelldemise Baltcon Multiform Norvgrain Stemmor Afratankvoy Nubaltwood Policy year starts on 1st January, 12.00 GMT hours Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the qu every area of the world is open for navigation part of the year H&M insurance premiums canal expenses Either the seller or the buyer of the goods, depending on the Bill of Lading ownersship the freight forwarder the freight forwarder the freight forwarder H&M insurers of the vesel cargo owners Canal transit expenses are covered by the owners and risks for delay are on charterers account freight forwarders Master and any person agreed by the shipowner disponent owners either the shipowners or the charterers depending on charterparty terms stevedoring company is appointed by the charterers, but is paid by the owners supercargo shipowners shipowners to make easier the process of reading the charter-party Because vessel's stability can be compromised by loading cargo on deck to give the charterers the opportunity to recover some of the amounts due to them by the owners and not pai to reduce the risk of loosing part of them This is important because quite often Notice of Readiness can be tendered only during office working time an There is no difference between York-Antwerp 2004 Rules and York-Antwerp 1994 Rules in terms of what cos because it is always good to wait and see if there will be a claim and thereafter to ask for instructions from a Because vessels are employed with demurrage and charterers want to pay this amount together with balanc Master is not allowed to communicate with the head owner not accept the offer and wait for the next vessel to reply to your SOS message

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