水利國際事務課程講義

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.
Lesson.1 Receiving of foreign guests & Social introductions.

Objectives
Welcoming & greeting guests. Introducing yourself, colleagues & Water Resources Agency. Responding to greetings. Socializing & hosting foreign guests. Part.1 Listening comprehension. 1.1 Strategies. 1) Practice! Here are some suggestions for interesting listening selections: a) b) c) 2) 3) CBC Podcasts Listen to All Things Considered news stories on NPR Listen to the BBC.
Accept the fact that you are not going to understand everything. Keep cool when you do not understand - even if you continue to not understand for a long time.
4)
Do not translate into your native language - translating creates a barrier between yourself and the person who is speaking.
5)
Listen for the gist of the conversation. Don't concentrate on detail until you have understood the main ideas. Most people repeat themselves.
1) Listen to something you enjoy - By listening to something you enjoy,
Tips
you are likely to know a lot more of the vocabulary required. 2) Listen for Keywords - Understanding the main idea will help you to understand the detail as the person continues to speak. If you understand "New York", "business trip", "last year" you can assume that the person is speaking about a business trip to New York last year. 3) Listen for Context - Imagine that your English speaking friend says "...I bought this great tuner at JR's. It was really cheap and now I can finally listen to National Public Radio broadcasts." You don't understand what a tuner is. If you focus on the word tuner you might become frustrated. However, if you think in context you probably will understand. For example; bought is the past of buy, listen is no problem and radio is obvious. Now you understand: He bought something - the tuner- to listen to the radio. A tuner must be a kind of radio! This is a simple example but it demonstrates what you need to focus on: Not the word that you don't understand, but the words you do understand.

Exercise.
Listen to the following CD on Culture Shock. Work with a partner and answer the following questions. Compare your answers with the class. 1) What is culture shock? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2) What are the reasons for culture shock? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3) What are the stages of culture shock? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4) What are some practical applications of research? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5) Draw the wave diagram mentioned in the CD. the associated emotions. Then identity each stage with
Tips
( / ) hostile/hostility resigned/resignation shocked/shock euphoric/euphoria depressed/depression comfortable/comfort disappointed /disappointment frustrated/frustration irritated/irritation
side effects make () humor benefits / produce () human

Part.2 Using Titles.
In English-speaking countries, use Mr. plus the last name for men. There are two titles for women: Ms. or Mrs. Its best to use Ms. if you arent sure which title to use. Miss is usually not
used as a title for women. What name do you use with a title? In most Western countries, the order of the names is first (given) name, then last (family) name, for example, Andrew de Wright. Use the family name when you meet someone new. For example, say Mr. de Wright to Andrew de Wright. People use the family name with titles in China, Japan and Korea too, but the order of the names is different family name followed by first name(s), for example Wong Ailee is Ms. Wong, not Ms. Ailee What about first names? In countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, first names are okay when you first meet. If someone says, Please call me Peter, use the first name. Its polite and friendly.
Source: Entrepreneur International
Other Titles
Your Majesty Your Excellency Mr. Ambassador Mme. Ambassador Professor Division Head Engineer Accountant () () Mr. Minister Mme. Minister General Colonel Director General Group/Team Leader () ()
Chief Vice / Assistant Deputy Senior Junior
Tips
Miss Mrs. Madam Ms.

Part.3 Welcoming Guests & Introducing Yourself. 3.1 Conversations. Listen to these conversations. Then practice with a partner with the different keywords. Emily: Good morning, Colonel Anninos. Colonel Anninos: Good morning. Emily: Im Emily Lee. Its nice to meet you. Colonel Anninos: Nice to meet you too, Ms. Lee. Emily: Welcome to Taiwan Water Resources Agency. Please have a seat. Colonel Anninos: Thank you. Emily: Would you like something to drink? Colonel Anninos: Yes, tea would be fine. Thank you.
--------------------------Similar Sentence-----------------------------Its nice to meet you. Its a pleasure to meet you. Im pleased to meet you. Im glad to meet you. Im delighted to meet you. Nice to meet you. Glad to meet you. Please have a seat. Please be seated. Please make yourself comfortable. Pleased to meet you. Its an honor to meet you. Im honored to meet you.
Would you like something to drink? Could I get you something to drink? How about some tea or coffee? Would you like some tea or coffee? Please help yourself to some tea or coffee.
Tips Useful Sentence
:
I would like to introduce you to my colleagues, yet I am still unsure of the pronunciation of your names.
How are you today :

Couldnt be better. So far so good. Not bad. Good. Great! Excellent!
: Could you please pronounce it again for me? Could you say your name slowly for me? Could you spell your name please? How do you say your name again?

Part.4 Introducing Colleagues. 4.1 Conversations. Listen to these conversations. Then practice with a partner with the different keywords.
Emily: Colonel Anninos, Id like to introduce you to my colleague, Mr Chang. Colonel Anninos: Hello, Mr Chang. Pleased to meet you. Mr. Chang: Hello, Colonel Anninos. Im pleased to meet you too. Emily:(To Mr. Chang) Colonel Anninos is from the United States Army Corps of Engineers, and is here visiting our Agency for a week. (To Colonel Anninos) Mr. Chang is the manager of our Hydrology Division; hes been with us for over 10 years. Mr. Chang: Welcome, Colonel Anninos. I hope you enjoy your visit. Please let me know if you need any assistance. Colonel Anninos: Thank you, Mr. Chang. Im looking forward to it.
---------------------------------Similar Sentence---------------------------------Id like to introduce you to my colleague.
You can also say

Im pleased to introduce you to our.. Please, could I introduce you to my colleague Id like to introduce . Please allow me to introduce. This is. He is from our sister company.
Tips
College Agent Colleague Agency
Tips /
Hello Colleagues
Hi Work mates Whats up? How is it going?
What have you been doing recently? How have you been recently?

Tips Useful Sentence
:
His favorite food is rice covered with minced meat. His favorite sport is baseball.
:
I am part of the 2nd River Management Office. He has been working in the 3rd River Management Office since 2004. We both work for the Water Resources Planning Institute. He has an important job of making sure we all have water to use. We are (I am) primarily responsible for water conservation. Our (my) primary responsibilities are natural resources conservation, flood protection, and water supply.
:
Allow me to introduce Mr. Wang, the Director of our Division. He has 15 years of expertise in water conservation technology and public water supply management. He has only been the director for the past 3 years, but has already received an award for his leadership ability. With him in charge, our division has become known for our remarkable performance.
:
Ive come to bring you to []. Im here to bring you to []. The conference tomorrow will begin at 10 oclock. Would you meet me at the hotel lobby then?
Knowledge
!!
Oyster omelet Glutinous Rice with meat stuffing wrapped in bamboo leaves
:
Please accept this gift as a token of our appreciation.
Knowledge!
Some differences!
This one is []. That is [].Here is [].

Let me to introduce []. Allow me the introduction.
This is [].Let me introduce [].

Allow me to introduce [].

Knowledge! Some differences!
I will live here for two weeks. I will stay 2 weeks.

I will live for 2 weeks. ()
I will stay for 2 weeks.

Live =Stay =
Im work for [/]. I work for[/].

I am working for [/]. I am a part of [/]. I am from [/]. 4.2 Common Job Titles. You should be familiar with these titles Chairman / President Vice Chairman / President Managing Director Chief of Executive Officer (CEO) Head of Department / Department Director Finance Director / Chief Finance Officer (CFO) Production Director / Manager Chief Operations Officer (COO) Chief of Staff Accountant / Financial Controller Marketing Manager / Director Communications Manager / Director Chief Communications Officer (CCO) IT Manager / Director Chief Information Officer (CIO) Product Manager / Director Chief Engineer Legal Affairs Manager / Director Personnel Manager / Human Resources Manager Deputy / Assistant Manager Team Leader / Supervisor Personnel Assistant (PA) / / CEO / CFO / COO / / / CCO IT / CIO / / / / / PA

Part.5 Introducing Water Resources Agency. 5.1 Conversations. Listen to these conversations. Then practice with a partner with the different keywords. Ron: Hello, Mr Okuda. Im Ron Yang. Mr. Okuda: Nice to meet you. What agency do you work for, Mr. Yang? Ron: Im with Taiwan Water Resources Agency. We manage Taiwans water resources and hot springs, manage and conserve the river basins, propose and implement water policies, prepare, mitigate and respond to water disasters. How about you, Mr. Okuda? Mr. Okuda: Im with Japans Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
--------------------------Similar Sentence-----------------------------What agency do you work for?
You can also say

What company do you work for? Who are you with? Im with / I work for . We make / manufacture .. Were in the business / industry What do you do? What department are you in?
-------------------------------------------Other Key Phases-----------------------------------------------Water supply management Hot spring management Water resources management Preserving natural resources Council of Agriculture Flood management Urban drainage and sewage Environmental protection
Ministry of Economic Affairs River basin conservation
Government agency / Civil service / Water related laws and policies ()

Tips Water Resources Agencys Staff Units.
Planning Division
Water resources policies and laws, Organizational planning, Climate change, Water resources industry, Sustainable development of water resources,
Conservation Division
Reservoir storage area management (including protection buffer zone), Water saving, Administration of hot spring enterprises, Water supply enterprises; Planning, conservation,
Management and review of administrative plans, management, and supervision of regions Development of water resources technologies, and International cooperation. River and Coast Division River and drainage improvement, dedicated for water quality and quality protection.
Construction Division
Water engineering works, supervision,
Coast protection, Flood mitigation planning, and Construction management, and regulation. River environment improvement.
Land Management Division

Construction land acquisition, Water resources land user management, and Spatial planning for water environment plan.
Hydrology Division Hydrological observations of surface water, Groundwater, and coastal water, Prevention and treatment of land subsidence, and Development of deep-sea water technologies.
Water Administration Division

Water engineering works, supervision, Construction management, and regulation.
Management Division
Water resources development, management, and regulation.
River Survey Team

Survey, delineation, and promulgation of the scope of river basins, Sea dikes area, and Drainage facilities area.
Water Hazard Mitigation Center

Flood and drought disaster mitigation and relief.
Planning Division
System management and information service.
Civil Service Ethics Office

Prevention and investigation of government ethics violation, General government ethics.

Tips Water Resources Agencys Staff Units.
Secretariat
Administrative and general affairs, Disbursements and receipts, and Supervision and review of administrative procedures.
Personnel Office
Development of organizational systems, Personnel employment and discharge, Reward and discipline, and Welfare affairs management.
Accounting Office
Preliminary budget, Estimation and planning, Settlement of accounts, and Statistics of revenues and expenditures.
Tips
Ministry of Transport and Water Management IHE University in the Netherlands IHE
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Kyoto University
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Technical Service Center, Bureau of Reclamation Knowledge river levees coastal defenses !!
administrative duties
Knowledge!
Some differences!
Water environment about Taiwan.

(?)
Water environment in Taiwan.
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Part.6 Dos & Donts in Social Introductions & Greetings. In international business, shaking hands is the usual greeting. But people shake hands in different ways. In France, hand-shakes are very quick, but in Brazil, people take more time to shake hands. However, in both Brazil and France, its customary to shake hands with people in a room when you arrive and leave. People do not shake hands as often in North America. When shaking hands in English-speaking countries, remember: 1) Look at the persons eyes; 3) Shake hands for only 2 or 3 seconds.
Source: Dun & Bradstreets Guide to Doing Business Around the World
2) Shake hands firmly (but not strongly);
Use titles the first time you meet someone. Smile & greet with a firm handshake. Introduce guests to hosts. Introduce men to women. Introduce individuals to groups. Introduce according to seniority e.g. lower positions to higher positions. Introduce according to age e.g. younger to elders. Speak up even if you feel that your English isnt very good it is better to talk rather than be silent. Talk about the weather, sports, food, places to visit, etc. Part.7 Socializing. When will the 10 a.m. meeting start?
Ask about age, zodiac sign, Chinese horoscope, or blood type, etc. Ask about salary. Ask about weight or height. Ask about marital status, sexual preferences or other personal information. Interrupt when others are speaking wait for them to finish or lightly tap them on the shoulder or arm to get their attention. Talk in your own language in front of guests who do not understand your language try to converse in a language understood by your guests.
Exchange business cards (where available). Ask about political or religious beliefs.
People from different cultures might give different answers: 1) at 9.30 or 9.45 3) at exactly ten oclock 2) around 10 or 10.30 4) when everyone is here and ready
In Australia, being on time means arriving at the scheduled time. If youre late, an Australian executive might think youre careless or not serious. Things are different in Chile. Chileans expect foreigners to arrive at the scheduled time. But Chilean managers may be late when they go to a meeting. However, for social occasions at someones home, such as dinner or a party, everyone should arrive at least 30 minutes after the scheduled time. In China, it is very bad manners to make someone wait or cancel a meeting. Everyone should be on time for business and social meetings. In fact, Chinese managers will often arrive 15 to 30 minutes early for a business meeting.
Source: Dun & Bradstreets Guide to Doing Business Around the World
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Q.1: Prepare or look for vocabulary and/or phrases for tomorrows scenarios. Each group should prepare a different topic. a) b) Suggest some activities that foreign guests can do while they are here. Suggest some places where foreign guests can go to while they are here.
Q.2: Some suggestions to start: a) c) e) Popular food Famous / must-see places Culture / festivals b) d) Famous buildings Night markets
: http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/ http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/culture/food/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_i
Part.8 Practice scenarios. Socializing Scenario 1 (two people) Introducing Yourself
Student A:
You are meeting a foreign guest for the first time. Goals: Welcome the guest. Shake his/her hand and introduce yourself. Other elements: Respond to the guests personal inquiries. Show personal interest in the guest. Speak confidently in representing your organization. Important things to remember: Smile, eye contact, firm handshake.
Student B:
You are a foreign guest meeting your host for the first time. Goals: Greet your host. Shake his/her hand and introduce yourself. Other elements: Ask the guest basic questions about themselves and their organization.
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Remember! Smile, eye contact, firm handshake Do NOT ask: A person's age Marital status Birth Date Weight Salary
You may ask general questions about the situation. Is this your first time here? How long have you been working for (company)? How has your trip been so far? Where are you from, originally?
Tips Important Sentence: You can use these sentences to chat with guests:
Do Does Are Is You/We/They He/She/Someone You/We/They hungry? thirsty? He/She/Someone How did you get here in the morning? How long will you stay in Taichung? How spicy would you like your food to be? Where are you from? Where are you staying in Taiwan? Why are you here? Why did you come to Taiwan? Why do you like Taipei?
like Taiwan? have a diving license? What
What did you have for breakfast in the morning? What is your favorite food in Taiwan? What department do you work for? What places would you like to visit?
How
Why
Where
Which
Which is your favorite movie? Which is your favorite city in Taiwan?
Could/Would
Could you talk more about your work? Would you talk more about New Zealand, such as the weather conditions?
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Scenario 2 (three people) Making Mutual Introductions Roles: Host, Hosts Colleague, Foreign Guest Scenario: A foreign guest has just arrived. The host must greet the guest and introduce himself/herself at the door, welcome the guest to the venue, and exchange pleasantries. Upon entering, the host should introduce the guest to a colleague, who must also exchange pleasantries with the guest. The host must then invite the guest to sit down. While seated, the three should discuss the guests schedule during their visit.
Student A:
You are introducing a colleague and a foreign guest to each other. Goals: Introduce your colleague to the guest. Explain your colleagues role in your organization. Other elements: Introduce your colleague to the guest first, then introduce the guest.
Student B:
You are a colleague being introduced to a foreign guest. Goals: Welcome the guest. Make a brief introduction of yourself, and ask polite questions of the guest
Student C:
You are a foreign guest being introduced to a colleague of the host. Goals: Politely introduce yourself to your hosts colleague. Respond to their inquiries. Other elements: Ask a few polite questions to get acquainted.
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Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Objectives
Welcoming & greeting guests. Introducing yourself, colleagues & Water Resources Agency. Responding to greetings. Socializing & hosting foreign guests. Part.1 Welcoming Foreign Dignitaries Review and practice titles and ways to address and greet foreign dignitaries.
Emily: Good morning, Mr. Ambassador. How do you do? Mr. Ambassador: Good morning. How do you do? Emily: Im Emily Park. Its an honor to meet you. Mr. Ambassador: Nice to meet you too, Ms. Park.
Part.2 Socializing & Hosting Foreign Dignitaries. 2.1 When walking with foreign guests or dignitaries, remember: a) b) keep to their left or along the side of the pathway; allow them to walk slightly ahead of you you should fall slightly behind them; c) d) help them to carry any heavy items, umbrellas etc; open the doors for them.
2.2 When riding the elevator, remember: a) allow foreign dignitaries, women and elders to enter and alight first; b) allow passengers to alight first; c) upon entering, turn to face the door, but be careful not to turn your back towards your guests. 2.3 When going up or down the stars, remember:
a) Up: allow foreign dignitaries, women and elders to walk ahead; b) Down: walk ahead of your guests to safeguard their safety.
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2.4 When riding in vehicles, remember: a) allow foreign dignitaries, women and elders to enter first; b) open the doors for them; c) they usually sit at the back passenger seat; d) if you are driving, your guests should sit beside you on the front passenger seat; e) if there is a driver, you should sit behind the driver and your guest should sit behind the front passenger seat.
Part.3 Dining Etiquette. 3.1 Dining Etiquette: a) Luncheon,/business lunch b) Dinner c) State banquet d) Supper e) Tea party f) Cocktail,/cocktail party/ reception g) Garden party h) Buffet i) Soiree 3.2 Seating arrangement: a) Position those with higher positions should be seated nearest to the host(s) b) Political situation those with political positions should be seated nearest to the host(s), this sometimes overrides (a). c) Personal relationship guests relationships in relation to each other e.g. language, positions, interests etc. 3.3 Western cutleries: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. / //
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3.4 Using the fork and knife:
3.5 Placement of the fork and knife:
3.6 Placement of the napkin:
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3.7 Usage of the napkin:
3.8 Appropriate way to drink soup:
3.9 Do not spit out food wastes e.g. bones, seeds etc onto the table.
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3.10 If you need items that are placed across the table, politely ask the person nearest to it to pass it to you. Do not reach out across the table.
3.11 Politely raise your hand if you need to get the attention of the waiters. Do not shout.
3.12 Comb, touch up make up and clean your teeth in the washroom. Do not comb your hair, touch up your make up, or clean your teeth at the table.
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3.13 Appropriate ways to hold the wine glass:
3.14 Buffet dining: take only what you can eat, go a few rounds if need be. Do not pile up your plate.
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3.15 Buffet dining: Appropriate ways to hold the plate, cutleries and glass.
Part.4 Practice scenarios. Social Etiquette Scenario 1 (two people)
Arriving at the Airport
Student A:
You are a foreign dignitary who has just arrived in Taiwan. Goals: Be welcomed by your local host. Politely respond to your hosts cues.
Student B:
You are hosting a foreign dignitary who has just arrived at the airport. Goals: Welcome your guest. Introduce yourself and exchange pleasantries.
Scenario 2 (four people) Car Transportation from Airport to Venue
Roles: Guest, Host, Colleagues (2) Scenario: The Host, two Colleagues, and Guest will proceed through the following steps: Receiving guest at the airport Car transportation from airport to dining venue (including seating arrangements and pleasantries) Walking to dining room, and using an elevator (including proper body language/placement) Dining (exercising proper etiquette). Sending off/departure of guest (including presentation of gifts, if appropriate).
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Student A:
You are a foreign dignitary. Goals: Accompany your host to the venue by car. Respond to questions when asked.
Student B:
You are the host for a foreign dignitarys visit Goals: Bring your guest to the venue, making him/her as comfortable as possible. Ensure that seating arrangements in the vehicle are appropriate. Make small talk.
Student C:
You are the chauffeur for the foreign dignitarys visit. Goals: Respond to appropriate questions when asked.
Student D:
You are a water department employee who has accompanied the host to the airport. Goals: Put the guest at ease while refraining from speaking at inappropriate moments.
Remember! Smile, eye contact, firm handshake When introducing yourself, explain your role in the organization. After a long transit, it is polite to ask if the traveler had a pleasant journey. You may say things such as Did you have a pleasant flight?
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Part.5 Conversing at international conferences.
Part. A Students will brainstorm some appropriate topics for small talk (e.g. weather, sports, travel, etc.), as well as some inappropriate ones (marital status, salary, etc.). Students will then practice some more advanced phrases and scenarios for exchanging pleasantries and making small talk. Part. B Students will practice making conversation in unexpected situations (e.g. waiting in traffic, sitting on an airplane, etc.) Part. C Students will practice receiving foreign dignitaries, with an emphasis on creative ways to carry on a conversation. Students will be expected to exercise the proper etiquette. Part. D (Skit) In groups, students will take on the roles of host, guest, etc. and act out the real-life scenario of making acquaintances in an international setting. Students will be required to make small talk and convey their organization and their professional role.
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Lesson.3 Making an International Speech.

Objectives
Opening & closing. Common responses. Introductions. Common expressions.
Part.1 Speech processes. 1.1 Addressing the Guests. Your Imperial Highness Your Royal Highness Your Majesty Your Excellency, Mr. President Members of the organizing committee Distinguished guests Honored guests Invited guests Dear participants Ladies and gentlemen 1.2 Opening. Good morning / good afternoon / good evening Welcome to the symposium on [theme] Its a great pleasure for me to welcome all of you to this summit on [theme] It gives me pleasure. It is a privilege for me to have the opportunity to. I am privileged .. I extend a warm welcome to. On behalf of . You are more than welcome. I would like to open our summit on [theme] We are gathered here today to. We are assembled here today to.Ladies and gentlemen My name is [name], [position]. My co-chair is. On my immediate left, .. and beyond. () /
First, I would like to introduce the panelists. I am pleased to present [presenters name]. May I present to you [presenters name].
I would like to call upon [presenters name] to deliver his speech.
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We are 15 minutes late in getting started. We are running 15 minutes late behind schedule. We are going to have a push. Schedule is very tight. Shortness / Pressure / For lack of / For the sake of / In the interest of time. The opening ceremony will begin in minutes. May I request all to be seated, please. Please switch off / turn off your cell / mobile phones, or adjust to vibration mode. Please remember to bring your belongings and valuables with you at all times. Some house-keeping before we start, the restrooms are, tea / lunch is at Tea / lunch will now be served. Lets enjoy the meal. Thank you.
1.3 Continuing. Next, I will pass to my colleague who will present / talk about.. I will now pass the floor to my colleague . Now, I would like to invite the next guest / speaker and his/her presentation / speech on.. Now, we are coming / heading to the next session on.. Please join me in welcoming [presenters name]. Thank you [presenters name] for the introduction and excellent presentation, I will now discuss / talk about..
1.4 Closing.
In concluding this discussion. This concludes todays session. Thank you for your contributions. 1.5 Common Responses. Now, the floor is open for discussion. Yes, you have the floor. I will get back to you later. Recess / break / intermission What do you think about this proposal?
In closing this session. This brings us to the end of the session.
Could you please identify yourself, thank you. Could you elaborate on it? Sorry, I have to interrupt you. Are there any more comments?
Has anyone else got anything else to contribute? We havent heard from you yet, [participant name]. Would you like to add anything, [participant name]?
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Part.2 Language Used as Participant (Advanced Class).
1.
Getting the Chairs attention: May I have a word? Excuse me for interrupting
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr. Chairman / Madam Chair If I may, I think..
2.
Giving opening: If I heard you correctly The way I see things I (really) feel that
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Im positive that In my opinion If you ask me, I tend to think that
3.
Asking for opening: How do you feel about.?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Do you (really) think that [Participants name], can we get your input?
4.
Commenting: Good point! I see what you mean.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thats interesting. I get your point.
5.
Agreeing: Exactly! Im inclined to agree with I agree up to a point, but
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I totally agree with you. Thats (exactly) the way I feel. By and large, I would accept I couldnt agree with you more. I have to agree with [participants name]. I never thought about it that way before. I accept the proposal without reservation. I firmly (fully, entirely, completely) support You may be right in saying that, butinterrupting
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6. Disagreeing: I am (strongly) opposed to (Im afraid) I cant agree
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Im not convinced that You have a point there, but Unfortunately, I see it differently. Up to a point I agree with you, but Im afraid such a decision might lead to Im sorry that I have to disagree with you. On the face of it, it seems a good idea, but With all due respect, I have to point out that I think we should give ourselves more time to reflect on
7.
Advising & suggesting: We should How / What about
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lets Why dont you I suggest / recommend that.interrupting.
8.
Clarifying: Have I made that clear? Id just like to repeat that
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Let me spell out Do you see what Im getting at? Let me put this another way
9.
Requesting information: Id like you to I wonder if you could
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please, could you Would you mind
10.
Asking for repetition:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Im afraid I didnt understand that. Could you repeat what you just said? Could you run that one more time? I didnt catch that. Could you repeat that, please? I missed that. Could you say it again, please?
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11. Asking for clarification:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I dont quite follow you. What exactly do you mean? Im afraid I dont quite understand what youre getting at. Could you explain to me how that is going to work? I dont see what you mean. Could we have more details, please?
12.
Correcting information: Thats not what I meant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sorry, thats not quite right. Thats not quite I had in mind. Sorry, I think youve misunderstood what Id said. Im afraid you dont understand what Im saying.
Part.3 Presentations.
Each student will be making a short presentation about the Water Department. After each presentation, other students will be encouraged to ask their own clarifying questions about its content, followed by the instructors questions. Presenters will answer these questions with the appropriate phrases. Instructor will give feedback on each presentation and Q&A session, making suggestions on how they could be improved.
Knowledge!
Some differences!
The outline of the presentation includes four items.

4
The presentation is broken into four parts

4
Tips Useful Sentence.
:
Next, I would like to invite the next speaker, who will speak about I will present one of the parts of this presentation; my colleagues will present the others.
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Tips Useful Sentence.
:
I would need some time to think about it. Let me bring this issue up in the next meeting with my colleagues. I will take it (your comments) into consideration. It is too complicated (too complex) to explain within this limited amount of time, I would explain to you during the break. Good question. How about if we talk about it during the break? We would have more time to fully discuss it. ?
:
Could you please repeat your question? ? Could you please say it again? I dont really understand your question, could you rephrase it (ask the same question in a different way)? ? ? In my opinion, the presenters have made a few good / interesting points, such as What do you think? ? Before we end our session or before we break for lunch, are there any questions or comments that you would like to add? ?
Knowledge!
Some differences!
At last, I would conclude my presentation with

.
Lastly/finally, I would conclude my presentation with
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Part.4 Supplementary Materials. 1. Conference Discussion/Debate Mock Scenario 1. Read the following news article and familiarize yourself with the key points and arguments presented. The class would be divided into four groups, each group representing a different stakeholder group mentioned in the news the national government agency, the environmentalists, the small farmers, and the international investors. In a mock workshop discussion, your group will discuss or even debate with other groups on whether or not the governments of various African countries should encourage land purchases by foreign investors. With your group members, you need to speak publicly on what you think the government policy should be, and support your position with convincing arguments and examples. At the beginning of the mock debate/discussion, the groups will take turns to present their respective positions and supporting arguments. The initial presentation for each group will be followed up by a short session of Questions and Answers in which clarifying questions will be asked by the other groups. When it is not your turn to speak, please listen to the arguments of the other groups carefully, for each of you will need to prepare one counter-argument or response to the other arguments made by one of the other groups. Following the initial presentations, the groups will again take turns to present counter-arguments to the questions raised by other groups. You will also need to come up with defensing arguments for your position if other groups have already challenged you with counter-arguments. Please feel free to make use of your extensive knowledge in water resources management and come up with new arguments or creative solutions. Here are some questions to help you prepare for the mock workshop discussion/debate: What do you think the government should do to resolve the conflict? How would your stakeholder group be impacted by the particular government policy? If your stakeholder group would be hurt by the particular government policy, what would you need in exchange for you to agree to the policy? If your stakeholder group would benefit from the particular government policy, what would you give the other groups in return in order to win their support for the policy?
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Economic disaster beckons as water-hungry investors buy up Africa's land
Water drawn from rivers, dams or underground to irrigate new farms in Africa may severely affect users downstream
The rush of foreign investments in African farmland by "ecologically ignorant" pension groups, sovereign wealth funds and speculators will end in economic disaster and possibly even conflict, some of the world's leading water experts have predicted. Spurred by the 2008 global food crisis and attracted by low land prices and potential high returns in sub-Saharan Africa, hundreds of investors from India, Gulf states and elsewhere have acquired millions of hectares (some have estimated it to be as much as 230m hectares) of underused land where they plan to use mostly river and underground water to irrigate food crops and grow biofuels on a vast scale. Many have struck deals with governments giving them virtually free or unlimited access to water for years. This is a dangerous strategy, says King's College London researcher Martin Keulertz, who has co-edited a new book of 50 academic essays on the financial and ecological implications of major foreign direct investments (FDI) in African farmlands. He and other water experts argue that the present "land-grabbing" phenomenon should really be called "water grabbing". They distinguish between growing crops with rainwater stored in the soil (known as "green water"), and water drawn from rivers, dams or underground sources ("blue water") which is mostly used for irrigation. "The world is not land scarce," says Tony Allen, head of the London water research group at King's. "But it is short of land with water." Africa is an appropriate destination for responsible inward investment as there are green water resources that produce only very low crop and livestock yields. "[But] the vast majority of investors use blue water. It is a tough truth but if you irrigate with blue water, then you will run out because it is always over-allocated. Irrigation is the first thing that people reach for. But what you need is investment that does not affect blue water." Instead, say researchers, governments do not understand or choose not to understand that green water has far more potential than blue water to increase crop productivity. They also believe using blue water is a potential solution for climate change when it in fact magnifies drought and conflict. Moreover, says Keulertz, in today's economic climate, many governments would rather encourage investment by foreign corporations than develop the potential of their own small-scale farmers: "If the same [irrigation] methods as in Latin America and Asia are applied to sub-Saharan Africa by investment in blue water irrigation schemes it will lead to investment failures."
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The frenzy since 2008 for land with blue water available is now adding to pressure on governments of countries along the Nile, Niger and other African rivers to build more dams to provide more irrigation water for developers, with little or no consideration for the massive ecological and social effects this will have. "Africa could avoid the mistakes of over-allocating its blue water resources by learning from the US, Australia, India and China. These economies are all taking decades to remedy the over-allocation of blue water," says Allen. So far, says Keulertz, very little investment has been made in green water farming, even though there are good examples showing it can work. Instead, the confirmed farm developments in Ethiopia and elsewhere expect to use many billions of gallons a year of blue water to grow crops. More research needs to be done into how much blue water the confirmed new farms in Ethiopia and elsewhere will use, but there is growing certainty that they could severely hurt other users, both nearby and downstream in other countries. "Investment in highly mechanised, irrigation-based capital intensive agriculture can significantly increase yields but it can ignore the environment and local populations," says Holger Hoff, a researcher at the Stockholm environment institute. Her analysis of the potential water consequences of foreign direct investment in Ethiopia and the Upper Blue Nile show that the new farms, depending on what they grow, will increase plant water demand by as much as 87%, which would translate into a reduction of flow in some rivers of up to 19%. Flows in the Upper Blue Nile could drop by up to 5%, potentially severely affecting downstream users in Egypt, she says. "Investors are largely ignorant of the role of water management," says Keulertz. "The expectation is higher production, achieved by the mechanisms that led to past green revolutions in Asia and Latin America where blue water resources were abundant. "In Asia, the limits of blue water resources have been fully tested. Scientists have repeatedly warned of not using blue water irrigation schemes with the necessary caution. Depletion or pollution of one part of the basin affects users a great distance away. The overuse of water in a contested basin such as the Nile can also increase the risk of conflict."
Source: The Guardian Date: Friday 31 August 2012 Web link: http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/aug/31/economic-disaster-water-investors-africa-land?newsf eed=true
(green water) (blue water) The purpose of the practice scenarios is for you to familiarize the use of examples phrases in Lesson 3. Therefore, you would need to make use of at least one of the example phrases, and to rephrase the argument of your opponent, before you can start stating your question or counter-argument.
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2. Conference Discussion/Debate Mock Scenario 2. The instructions are as presented in Mock Scenario 1, except the discussion and debate would be based on issues presented in the following news article:
Taiwan faces tough water choices

The country needs a fair use policy and better water conservation to avoid the risk of an economic disaster On 10 May 2011, shares trading on the Taiwan Stock Exchange dipped as news reports surfaced about how the island's drought could have an adverse impact on its lucrative semiconductor industry. The equities since have decreased only slightly in value but the concern over Taiwan's water shortage has spiked as government and business leaders grapple with the development of a more coherent water usage policy. As a result, electronics and semiconductor sectors, responsible for Taiwan's rise as one of the "Asian Tigers," face an uncertain future. Taiwan ranks second in the world in average annual precipitation, much of its rainfall occurs during sudden typhoons and the country's water infrastructure captures little of it. Most rain washes down the island's abundant mountains, and water storage has been especially problematic since the 1999 earthquake loosened soil that surround Taiwan's stressed dams. The per capita water consumption in Taiwan averages 271 liters (72 gallons) a day, higher than the average daily water usage of Europeans and even Americans. While agriculture continues to be Taiwan's most water-intensive industry, its semiconductor industry requires massive amounts of water and struggles to procure it. One reason for the high consumption of water is the low rates paid by residents throughout the country one-tenth the price paid in most of Europe. Citizens have reacted with scorn to calls for increased water rates, even though the proposed increase would mean that families would pay only about $0.27 (17 cents) more per 1000 liters of water. Meanwhile, Taiwan's high tech sector, which has a water recycling rate that varies between 65 and 85%, struggles to stay compliant with the government's water rationing policy. The eye of the storm within Taiwan's water troubles is Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park, the country's 30-year old answer to Silicon Valley. Home to over 400 technology firms, Hsinchu also houses the world's two largest semiconductor foundries, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC) and United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). Both companies have taken the lead to improve water efficiency within Hsinchu. So far TSMC has set the water conservation bar the highest. At its Hsinchu foundry, the company collects about 32,000 tonnes of rainwater for reuse annually. TSMC's management team constantly looks out for any water-saving technique available. The company's water conservation programmes include: collecting water from air conditioning condensation for reuse; recycling systems effective to the point where the most toxic materials in waste slurry are scrubbed out and leave the purest water available for semiconductor processing; and a water infrastructure within its foundries that diverts recycled water to toilets and other facilities that do not require pure water. A recent water audit reveals that in 2009, the company saved 30 million tonnes of water, the equivalent necessary to provide a city with a population of 240,000 enough water for one year. Nevertheless, TSMC and its competitors are faced with not having water to meet their manufacturing needs.
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While the attention paid to Taiwan's water troubles has focused on electronics companies, the agriculture industry consumes 70% of the island's water but contributes only 1.6% to its GDP. The government wants to boost its national food self-sufficiency rate from 32 to 40% , which would make Taiwanese farmers who receive most of their water for free an even more powerful political bloc. Taiwan faces some tough choices ahead. The semiconductor industry has proven that it can adapt to uneven water supplies but this critical sector for the economy often earns an iron fist from the government. Meanwhile, farmers get an enormous share of Taiwan's water but have not shown any willingness to conserve this precious resource. Ironically, an economy that exports so much technology abroad is unwilling to import knowledge that could help the country manage its vital and limited resource. If Taiwan fails to capitalise on its abundant rainfall more effectively, this Asian Tiger may lose some of the power in its roar.
Source: The Guardian Date: Friday 24 June 2011 Web link: http://www.guardian.co.uk/sustainable-business/taiwan-tough-water-choices
3.
Conference Discussion/Debate Mock Scenario 3. The instructions are as presented in Mock Scenario 1, except the discussion and
debate would be based on issues presented in the following news article:
Taiwan may seal 967 wells in attempt to save high-speed rail

The country needs a fair use policy and better water conservation to avoid the risk of an economic disaster As many as 967 deep wells in Changhua and Yunlin counties along the high-speed rail system will have to be sealed within 10 years if the system is to maintain safe operation, Minister Lee Hong-yuan of the Cabinet-level Public Construction Commission (PCC) said yesterday. Lee made the remarks when presenting PCC's action plan concerning how to counter land subsidence threatening the safety of the high-speed rail system, during a meeting with representatives from the Water Resources Agency (WRA) under the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), the Taiwan Joint Irrigation Association (TJIA), and Taiwan Water Corp. (TWC) yesterday afternoon. Lee said that the PCC will give the action plan to the Cabinet for approval within one week, and the plan will be enacted if approved. Under the action plan, Lee said, a total of 24 deep wells in Changhua and Yunlin counties will be sealed by the end of this year, and at least 416 wells will be blocked, with the goal of having 967 wells sealed by the end of 2021. After the goal is accomplished, as many as 490 million tons of underground water for agricultural and industrial use can be slashed, eventually leading to an increase of 200 million tons of water for above-ground use, according to Lee. At the moment, there are around 51.4 square kilometers of land subsidence area in Changhua County, central Taiwan, which are sinking about 5.3 centimeters per year. The area will drop to 30 square kilometers by the end of 2016, with the subsiding pace declining to 3 centimeters per year then.
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In Yunlin County, southern Taiwan, the subsidence area now reaches 397.6 square kilometers, with an annual subsiding pace of 6.8 cm. And the action plan aims to have the subsidence area shrink to only 178.2 square kilometers by the end of 2021, with the subsiding rate also slowing to 3 centimeters. Lee stressed that once the annual pace of sinking drops to 3 centimeters from the current 5.3 centimeters in Changhua County and 6.8 cm in Yunlin County, then the safety of the high-speed rail system operation can be assured. He continued that the land subsidence in both counties has been closely related to the operation of deep wells, and therefore all the wells to be sealed are deep ones, instead of shallow ones. Lee called for farmers not to worry about the possible sealing of 180,000 shallow wells they operate. "I don't see any relation between the land subsidence and shallow wells." After the deep wells are sealed, the Hushan Reservoir can serve to supply substitute water, while the recycling of water released by manufacturing plants in the counties should also be enhanced to increase the supply of water needed, Lee said. After the action plan is approved by the Cabinet, it will be put into practice by the Council of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economic Affairs, at a total cost of NT$52.83 billion (S$2.2 billion), according to Lee.
Source: Asia One News Date: Tuesday 26 July 2011 Web link: http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20110726-291021.htm
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Lesson.4 Building Blocks in English Writing.

Objectives
Grammar Sentence structures Part.1 Grammar. 1.1 Present Simple & Continuous.(&) 1. Present Simple Tense uses: a) Regular events and processes: We usually start the week with a team meeting. We dont actually produce the goods in the UK. Key words: a week / month / year, always, ever, never, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually. b) Facts that will not change: The sun rises in the East. Our company manufactures mobile phones. c) Timetables and scheduled events: When does the plane leave? The conference starts at 9.30am. d) Newspaper deadlines: Interest rates rise again. Wagner leaves RDS board. Suffixes Reading & comprehension
2. Present Continuous Tense uses: a) Things happening now: Were setting up a new office in Madrid. Im just looking for your email now. Key words: now, at the moment, currently, just now. b) Temporary situations: Shes attending a training course this week. Im not travelling in the region at the moment. c) Future arrangements: Where are you meeting them on Friday? Were not seeing them until next week.
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1.2 Future Forms.() 1. Will + infinitive uses: a) Predictions: The budget wont be finalized until next week. Will the report be ready in time? b) Spontaneous decisions or offers: Theres no answer so Ill try again later. Dont worry, Ill make all the arrangements. c) Things that we want to make happen: Ill finish everything before I leave on holiday. Dont worry. Well meet our targets this year.
2. Will + present perfect uses: a) Events completed before a future time: The meeting will have finished by six oclock. How long will you have been here by then?
3. Going to + verb uses: a) Personal intentions: Were going to look for a new business partner. What are you going to do about it? b) Predictions: The new products going to win us the market share. Its not going to be easy with the dollar so low.
1.3 Present Perfect & Past Simple.(&) 1. Present Perfect Tense uses: a) Changes that affect the present: The remuneration committees finished its report. Have the shareholders been informed yet? b) Situations that started in the past and continue: CEOs have been receiving huge rises for years. Weve been looking at the issue of executive pay c) Show duration: I havent been promoted for five years. Hes been the chairman since 2002.
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Key words: for (with periods of time), and since (with points in time: e.g. times, days, dates, etc), already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, lately, in the last, today, this week / month / year. 2. Past Simple Tense uses: a) Finished actions and events: She worked here for five years. (not now) Did you have a good flight? How was your flight? b) Definite or finished time periods: I joined the company in 2003. They launched the product two years ago. When did you go to Dubai? Key words: days, months, years, times, yesterday, ago, last week / month / year.
Exercise. Underline the verb form with the correct tenses.

1) What did you do / are you doing this coming Saturday night? 2) I had gone / Ill go shopping this coming Saturday. Is there anything you want?
3) I went / will go to that restaurant with my family last weekend. 4) It has rained / rained all day last Monday. 5) It has been raining / rained all day since last Monday. 6) It was raining / rained when I arrived in Seattle. 7) When the phone rang, I was reading / read a book. 8) When I got home, I found my dog had eaten / ate my book. 9) She hasnt given / gave me her address yet, Im still waiting for it. 10) He has been learning / has learnt the Violin for a year.
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Part.2 Suffixes. 2.1 General Rules. 1. A suffix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the end of a word to form a new word or to alter the grammatical function of the original word: Verb read can be made into the noun reader by adding the suffix -er; Verb read can be made into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able 2. Common suffixes: Noun suffixes Suffix -acy -al -ance, -ence -dom -er, -or -ism -ist -ity, -ty -ment -ness -ship -sion, -tion Meaning state or quality act or process of state or quality of place or state of being one who doctrine, belief one who quality of condition of state of being position held state of being privacy refusal maintenance, eminence freedom, kingdom trainer, protector communism chemist veracity argument heaviness fellowship concession, transition Example
Verb suffixes Suffix -ate -en -ify, -fy -ize, -ise become become make or become become Meaning eradicate enlighten terrify civilize Example
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Adjectives suffixes Suffix -able, -ible -al -esque -ful -ic, -ical -ious, -ous -ish -ive -less -y Meaning capable of being pertaining to reminiscent of notable for pertaining to characterized by having the quality of having the nature of without characterized by Example edible, presentable regional picturesque fanciful musical, mythic nutritious, portentous fiendish creative endless sleazy
Exercise.
Working as a group, brainstorms 5 words with Noun Suffixes, Verb Suffixes and Adjectives Suffixes; then form sentences to demonstrate their meaning.
Part.3 Sentence Structure. 3.1 General Rules. 1. The basic parts of a sentence are: Subject: usually a noun a word that names a person, place, or thing. Verb: usually follows the subject and identifies an action or a state of being. Object: receives the action and usually follows the verb. 2. Simple sentence has an independent clause: Tom reads novels. Tom reads novels and newspapers. (compound direct object) Tom reads and enjoys novels. (compound verb) Tom and Harry read novels. (compound subject)
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3. Compound sentence has two independent clauses joined by: a) a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so): Tom reads novels, but Harry reads newspapers. Tom reads novels; However, Harry reads newspapers Tom reads novels; his friend reads newspapers.
b) a conjunctive adverb (e.g. however, therefore):
c) a semicolon alone:
4. Complex sentence has one dependent clause joined to an independent clause: Although Tom reads novels, Harry reads newspapers. Tom reads novels although Harry reads newspapers Harry, who reads newspapers, rarely reads novels. People who read newspapers rarely read novels.
Exercise.
Story rally: Each group member takes turns to contribute to a story. One member will start the story, choosing the appropriate grammar and structure. Following members will then continue the story. By the end of the given time, the group with the most coherent story and consistent grammar wins.
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Part.4 Reading & Comprehension.
Exercise.
1) Read the news article below. Circle the subject, underline the verb and number the object.Identify and analyze the sentence structures: mark simple sentences as S, compound sentences as C and complex sentences as X. Boston Herald 2011/10/10 Homeowners and businesses across the state could see a new surcharge on their water bills, under a plan being considered by a legislative commission charged with looking at the states water infrastructure needs and financing. The proposal, still in the works and dubbed the Blue Communities Act, would charge 1/10th of one cent for every gallon of water used to create a fund that would redistribute money to cities and towns for water infrastructure projects. But in addition to the opposition that forms naturally to any new consumer charges, the plan could be derailed by a proposed 2012 ballot initiative to cap water and sewer rate increases at 2 percent annually or require voter approved overrides in communities looking for larger increases. The ballot initiative was filed by a signature-gathering firm, National Ballot Access Inc., based in Duluth, Georgia. The petition was submitted by 15 people, most from the Burlington and Woburn areas. The water commission, which expects to release a full report with recommendations to the Legislature in mid-November, has not yet voted on the blue communities idea.
http://www.water.tku.edu.tw/km/
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Exercise.
2) Read the news article below. Where there are errors, identify and correct them. Home owners in flood-risk areas 'denied insurance' The Telegraph 2012/7/19 Home owners in flood-risk areas "may not get insurance cover" next year, the Local Government Association say. Householder are being denied flood insurance because of delays by the Government and insurers coming to a new deal on afford cover, according to the Local Government Association. Discusses between the Association of British Insurers (ABI), the government and lenders leads to agreement on a "statement of principles" in 2008 for the insurance market, under which the major of customers living in areas prone to flooding are being able to continue to obtain cover. Insurers agreed to continue to provide flooding cover to almost all homes, and the government undertook to invest more in improve flood defences. However, insurers have not guarantee to provide cover where no improvements in flood defences are planned, while the ABI long maintained that the statement of principles is only a temporarily measure. It made it clear that they would not be renewed beyond June 2013. With less than a year of the exist deal remaining, councils have find that some householders who have tried to renewing their insurance in the past few weeks have been denied cover or quoted hugely inflated prices. The LGA, which represention more than 350 councils in England and Wales, is warning that the longer government and industrial stall on a new deal, the more households are like to be denied cover and exposed to the risk of losing their homes in the event of severe flooding. Councillor Clyde Loakes, Vice Chairman of the LGAs Environment Board, said: The extreme weather we seen over the past few weeks is a stark reminder of the important of flood insurance. It is absolute vital that government and the insurance industry come to a new deal on provide affordable cover as a matter of urgent. Households are now being refused cover and left exposure to the risks of damage and destruction. A new agreements should have been sorted long before now and the continuing delays are having a very real and severe impact on thousand of people who will be exposed to the risk of losing their homes if they are unable to find insurance.
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The LGA's concerns are echoes by the AA. The car and home insurance broker says that the need for agreement between the insurance industry and the Government must be reach urgently. Simon Douglas, directors of AA Insurance says: More and more people will find it hard to obtain cover for their homes if they are one of the 330,000 identified to be in high risk flood zones, as their next renew will occur after the end of the current agreement and with no certainty of what will replacement it. Some can only obtained or continued insurance if they agree to a high excess, if at all. Excess as high as 10,000 for a flood claim are not unusual, a sum that most families would struggles to pay." Recent heavy rain shown that the type of weather is increasingly determining which areas are flood. Claims for flood damage are coming from homes affected by surface water run-off as well as rivers overflowing, mean that many have suffered in places where there was thought to be little or no likelihood of flooding It is estimat that recent flood claims will cost the insurance industry 500m. And the ABI said it was wrong for the LGA to paintings a picture of insurers leaving their customers in limbo on flood cover. Nick Starling, Director of General Insurance at the Association of British Insurers said: "Insurers continue to honour their commits under the current agreement with Government, providing cover to their customers in high flood risk areas as a standard part of home but small business insurance. Insurers
are determined that flood insurance remains available but affordable and we are current in constructive discussions with Government to explore what we can achieve this.
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Exercise.
3) Read the given news article. Translate it into English using the proper sentence structures and grammar. The group with the most accurate translation wins. 2012/4/3 2 6 101 56 (4 2 ) 1.97 0.95 37 ( 32 5 ) 6 6
e-mail a15w240@ms1.wra.gov.tw 0422501109 0932-187429
e-mail A620100@ms1.wra.gov.tw 0422501203;0928935180
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Lesson.5 Formal Letter Writing in English.

Objectives
Grammar & sentence structures Paragraph construction Business letters Emails for meetings Part.1 Grammar & Sentence Structures. 1.1 Active & Passive Verbs. 1. Form: appropriate tense of the verb be + past particle of the main verb. 2. Uses: a) When the agent is unknown or unimportant: The stock was delivered to us this morning. The shelves havent been upgraded yet. The tags are being piloted in major supermarkets (by Gillette). b) Systems and processes: The stock is scanned as it enters the warehouse. The figures are being finalized at the moment. c) Formal reports and notices: It is recommended that smart tags be introduced. The issue was raised by the companys auditors. d) Reporting unconfirmed information: The CEO is said to be in favor of smart tags. They are thought to be cheaper than barcodes.
Exercise.
Write the following sentences in the passive. Do not include the agent if it is not important. 1) Consumer groups have brought the issue of the consumer privacy to light.
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Exercise.
2)
Manufacturers will install smarts tags on all sorts of products.
3)
Consumer groups are preparing petitions against the use of smart tags.
4)
Lorries and trucks transport raw materials to the factories.
5)
Supermarkets are considering eliminating checkouts altogether.
6)
Consumers should try to access more information about smart tags.
1.2 Gerunds & Infinitives. 1. Uses for gerunds: a) After prepositions: He joined us after working for a competitor. Im not interested in buying things on the net. b) As a noun: Registering as a seller only takes a few minutes. The policing of the site is done by the users. c) After certain expressions: Theres no point in bidding now. Its been sold. Key words: theres no point, its no use, its no good, its not worth, have dfficulty, be used to, look forward to, object to. d) After certain verbs: Weve just finished preparing the new website. Key words: admit, attempt, avoid, begin, consider, continue, delay, dislike, enjoy, finish, go, involve, keep, like, mention, miss, prefer,, practice, recommend, report, risk, start, stop, suggest.
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2. Uses for infinitives: a) After adjectives: The website is very easy to use. Its important to preserve the community feeling. b) Showing purpose: Some people quit jobs to become eBay traders. c) After certain verbs: Many rivals aim to build bigger websites. Key words: afford, agree, aim, arrange, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, train, want. d) After certain verbs + object We asked him to present the figures next week, Key words: advise, allow, ask, cause, enable, expect, help, invite, lead, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, train, trust, urge, use, warn
Exercise.
Complete the following with appropriate gerund or infinitive forms. 1) His father was given the opportunity of (work) _______________________ at John Hopkins University. 2) During his school years, he started (write) _______________________ computer programs for six dollars an hour. 3) 4) He decided (apply) _______________________ for a place at Tufts University. The company produced software that enabled (read) _______________________ instructions given by pen. 5) Five years later he succeeded in (sell) _______________________ the company to Microsoft. 6) After (graduate) _______________________ in 1988, he then worked as a software developer.
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1.3 Reported Speech. 1. We can report what people say with direct speech (in inverted commas) or reported speech: a) Direct speech: Same tense: He says hell send an email to confirm the date. Changing the tense (when reporting verb in past): She said shed called him several times. With modal verbs (which never change form): He says he can finish the report by Friday. b) Indirect speech: With certain reporting verb + infinitive: He refused to take a laptop with him on the trip. With certain reporting verb + object+ infinitive: She asked me to copy you in on the report. With certain reporting verb + gerund: He admitted reading work emails on holiday.
Exercise.
Write the following sentences in the reported speech. 1) Why are you late?
2)
We are trying to manage.
3)
I booked it last week.
4)
Have you been to Spain?
5)
I wont be able to come.
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Part.2 Paragraph construction. 2.1 Structure
a) Topic sentence: First sentence of the paragraph indented. The most general sentence in the paragraph introduces an overall idea of the paragraph. b) Body sentences: Gives details or some explanation supporting the idea expressed in the topic sentence usually answers the question of why, how, what. There should be at least five to seven sentences in a paragraph. c) Concluding sentence: Summarizes the information that has been presented a topic sentence in reverse.
Exercise.
Paragraph Structure. Circle the topic sentence. Number the supporting details. Underline the conclusion. Winter is my favorite season because I like the clothes, the food and the activities. In the winter, I can wear a big coat and my favorite sweater. When it's cold, I can eat hot foods and soup. I like to drink hot chocolate, too. Best of all, I enjoy many winter activities. I can play in the snow and make a snowman. I can go skiing, ice skating, or stay at home by the fireplace. These things make winter my favorite season. American food is fast, cheap, and tasty. Some countries have food that takes a long time to make, but Americans like to eat fast food, for example: hot dogs, hamburgers, and sandwiches. American food is not too expensive. Some people don't like American food, but I think it tastes great. You can put ranch dressing on everything to make it taste delicious. If you are looking for food that is fast, cheap, and tasty, you should try American food.
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Exercise.
Do all the sentences in this paragraph stay focused on the topic? I don't like tests. Every time I take a test, I feel nervous. When I study for a test, I don't know if I will be able to get a good grade. Often I worry about taking a test and can't sleep. Sometimes I daydream or draw pictures in class. After the test is over, I worry about my grade. When my teacher gives the test back to me with a grade, I still can't relax because I know I will have another test soon. Tests give me a lot of stress. That is why I don't like tests.
Write a topic sentence for this paragraph. ___________________________________________. You don't have to take a cat for a walk every day like a dog. You do not have to wash cats because they know how to clean themselves. If you want to go on vacation, you can leave some food and water for your cat and it will be okay. A cat can sleep on your bed and keep you warm at night. I think these things make cats good pets.
Write a concluding sentence for this paragraph. Halloween is a traditional American holiday. Americans celebrate it every year on October 31. Children dress in Halloween costumes and go trick-or-treating. Adults have parties and decorate their homes. The stores sell a lot of candy and black and orange decorations. At parties people eat cupcakes and drink apple cider. They also carve pumpkins to make jack-o-lanterns. __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________.
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Exercise.
Write a paragraph about your favorite kind of sandwich. (10 points) Using the illustration below, write a topic sentence in the top bun, at least 3 sentences of supporting details on the lines in between, and a conclusion sentence in the bottom bun.
Select one of the following topics and write an excellent paragraph on an separate sheet of paper. (10 points) Topics: describe your favorite thing to do after school describe one of your relatives or your pet describe a place would you like to visit describe an occupation that interests you Remember: 1. Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence (top bun). 2. Make sure you provide at least 3 sentences that support your main idea (lettuce, cheese, meat, etc.). 3. Make sure you have a closing sentence (bottom bun). 4. Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea. Circle your topic sentence. Number your supporting details. Underline the conclusion.
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2.2 Linking Expressions. 1. Using the right linking expressions allows you to connect your sentences and paragraphs together smoothly and shows your reader how your message fits together. Use linking expressions to: a) Show contrast: However On the other hand whereas while although b) Give additional information: Moreover In addition c) Summarize: In conclusion To conclude d) Sequence: First Next Lastly / Finally e) Show cause and effect: Consequently.. As a result. Therefore. because of due to f) Give examples: For example
Part.3 Business Letters. 3.1 Business Letters Units. 1. Purposes: To apply for a job inform people of developments To request action 2. Layout: Letterhead / address (but not name) of writer (you) Name and address of recipient References (where available) Date Opening Subject heading Body of letter Closing Signature Name and job title Enclosures To propose a service To complain To invite
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Exercise.
Read the following sample letters and identify the main points. 1). Introduction letter:
August 12, 2012 Mr. Brent Collinson Senior Buyer Office-Tech Furnishings Inc. 4830 Kimbark Ave. Chicago, IL 60635
Dear Mr. Collinson: The purpose of this letter is to briefly introduce myself as Dynatek's new Sales Representative, Business Accounts. I very recently joined the company and am taking over your account from Jack Winters who has moved on to other challenges in this industry. I have just completed Dynatek's management orientation program and am now keen to meet face-to-face with all of my key customers. Accordingly, as a first step in my customer familiarization process, I would like to meet with you personally, for about an hour or so, to discuss Office-Tech's needs and concerns. At the same time I would also like to take that opportunity to briefly review Dynatek's latest offering of products and services. To set up a meeting for this at your convenience, I propose to call your office by the end of this week. It is my hope that we will be able to arrange to meet at your offices before the end of the month. As your new Dynatek Business Account Representative I believe that my paramount concern is how both Dynatek Inc. and I can better serve Office-Tech Furnishings Inc. I look forward to meeting with you and learning more about your company in the near future.
Sincerely, Jim O'Malley Senior Sales Representative
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Exercise.
2).
Thank you letter:

August 12, 2012 Mr. Brent Collinson Senior Buyer Office-Tech Furnishings Inc. 4830 Kimbark Ave. Chicago, IL 60635
Dear Mr. Collinson: I would like to thank you for the generous gift. I am so glad that you were able to take time out of your schedule to attend my graduation party. The watch you bought me is truly one of the most useful gifts I received. It is difficult for me to find the words to express my gratitude. A watch was the perfect gift. I certainly understand the need to value time as my most important asset right now. My internship is about to be over at the end of this month. I have already received job offers from several renowned firms. I might need your astute advice and suggestion in order to make the final decision. Once again, thank you for the wonderful gift. It will remain with me for a long time to come and hopefully one day I'll be able to give it to one of my children.
Sincerely, Jim O'Malley Senior Sales Representative
55

Exercise.
3).
Invitation letter:
August 23, 2012 Ms Gillian Edwards, Trade Manager Office-Tech Furnishings Inc. 4830 Kimbark Ave. Chicago, IL 60635
Dear Gillian, The North Business Contractors Development Society in partnership with the Foreman Marketing and Communications Group is conducting a three day Open market affair for Contractors - Making Contract Work Count for You by the Hour on October 10, 2011 (Sunday) at the Bayridge Auditorium Hall B. The forum will have an in-depth discussion of the ABCs of marketing, basics of contractor agreements and case studies. There will also be a job fair and contract work market where selected participants can promote their services to potential partners and investors in the region. In line with this, we are inviting you to participate in this once-in-a-lifetime event that offers talks by industry professionals on Trade and Industry Knowledge on Construction and Installation services. A special early bird rate for freelance contractors is $300 and is due on August 12, 2011 (Friday). Kindly submit your registration forms to mwhitehall2011@gmail. com and make payments at the marketing office to complete your registration. Look for Mr. Marion Whitehall to inquire about other payment options other than cash or check (bank deposit, paypal or wire transfer) for further inquiries. Hoping for your positive response on this matter. Thank you and we look forward to a longstanding partnership with you. Hand in hand, let us all uplift the future of the trade industry this endeavor.
All the Best, Lalaine Whitehall Contractor Services, LLC Regional Officer State League of Contractors
56

3.2 Writing Business Letters. 1. General Rules: a) Who: Sets the tone and degree of formality. When writing to superiors or customers, the tone is more formal than with colleagues. However, business communication
should never be too informal and should always be polite and courteous. b) Why: Sets the most suitable form of communication e.g. fax, letter, email. Note down your main message before starting to help you stay focused. c) What: Details so that your recipient fully understands the message and act upon it; never assume the other person has all the background information. 2. General Tips: Be brief, clear and concise. Use simple words and phrases and keep sentences short: Dont be over-technical or use slang or jargon: Dont overuse peoples first names. It is better to use them only in the opening: Always read your business communication before you send it. It is a good idea to read it aloud to see if it is communicative and easy to read. Ask yourself: could the person reading this understand and act upon it from a single reading? Check for spelling and grammar mistakes. Do not rely on spellcheck software, as it will not correct mistakes like s in advise or practice when used as nouns which use c.
3. Language Styles Formal avoid conversational style and contractions. Try to use active verbs to give your letter more dynamic; avoid passive verbs. Keep language straightforward to be more effective; avoid sentences which are too long and that include complicated or unnecessary language. Opening: Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir or Madam (If you dont know the recipients name) Dear Mr / Ms Taylor, Dear Greg Taylor (If you know the recipients name) Closing: Include a short sentence e.g. I look forward to hearing from you., or Please feel free to contact me if you need further information. Followed by a closing phrase: Yours sincerely, (formal, for letters beginning Dear + name) Yours faithfully, (formal, for letters beginning Dear Sir/Madam)
57

Exercise.
Write an invitation letter to a meeting containing the following information: date, venue, attendees, purpose.
Part.4 Emails for meetings. 4.1 Writing Emails for Meetings. 1. Purposes: To circulate information To circulate requests To circulate results 2. Layout: Name of sender Name of recipient(s) Those who will also receive the email though it is not addressed directly to them Those who will receive a copy without others knowing Date (and time) Information about the content of the email Files, documents etc sent separately rather than included in the actual message or body of the email Opening Body of email Closing Name and job title To circulate instructions To circulate recommendations To circulate minutes of meetings
58

3. Language Styles: a) Simple and concise. b) Tone: formal when addressed to superiors or those outside the company; semi-formal for in-house emails to colleagues c) Opening: Hello, Hi (semi-formal emails) Dear [group], (when writing to several people) d) Closing: Best wishes, or All the best, (semi-formal) e) Exchanging information: Are you going to Tuesdays Production meeting at 10am? Could you email me the sales figures for last month by 4pm? Here is the brochure on the new product (see attachment). Im sending you the boards recommendations with this email. Please note that todays appraisal meetings have been cancelled. They will be rescheduled for the same times next Monday. Just to let you know, I sent the attached minutes of Tuesdays Production meeting to all the participants. f) Replying to emails: Thank you for your email. I got your email, thanks. Sorry I didnt get back to you yesterday, but. Yes, I will be at the Production meeting at 10am Tuesday. Thanks for the information about the appraisal meetings. Ill make a note of it.
Exercise.
Brainstorm 5 meeting topics. Then as a group, choose a topic and write a business email.
59
Lesson.6 Press Release Writing in English.

Objectives
Reading & comprehension Describing an event Press release

Part.1 Reading & Comprehension.
Exercise.
Read the news article below, identify and analyze the sentence structures. Circle the subject, underline the verb and number the object. Sydney Morning Herald 2011/10/4 The City of Sydney council is finalising plans for a recycled water network to be established throughout much of the city. It will include use of the Botany aquifer which extends from Redfern and Surry Hills, through Centennial Park and on to Botany Bay. The rethink of the city's water supply comes as the council finalises plans to decouple the electricity network from the statewide supply grid, instead using a new network of power generators throughout the CBD which will provide cheaper and more reliable power to the city. ''If you're digging up the streets to put in the new trigeneration [electricity, heating and cooling] system, that's the golden opportunity to put in a recycled water network,'' the council's chief development officer for energy and climate change, Mr Allan Jones, said. ''Sixty per cent of the cost of the infrastructure is in the trenching and traffic management. Mr Jones said. Taking into account cooking, and any possible way of ingesting water, no more than 20 per cent of the city's water needed to be of drinking quality, he said. Central to the plan will use of recycled water and stormwater at new developments such as Barangaroo and Green Square. Barangaroo will generate a surplus of recycled water which is expected to be used in water cooling towers and similar structures in other parts of the CBD.
60

Part.2 Describing an Event. 2.1 WH Questions. 1. We use question words to ask certain types of questions. Question Word what? asking for information about something What is your name? What did you have for breakfast in the morning? What is your favorite food in Taiwan? What do you do for your job? What department do you work for? What food do you like? What places would you like to visit? What is our/your destination? asking for repetition or confirmation what...for asking for a reason, asking why when where asking about time asking in or at what place or position When did you come to Taiwan? Where are you from? Where are you staying in Taiwan? Where are we/you headed? Where are you off to? Where are we/you headed? Where are we/you going? which asking about choice Which is your favorite movie? Which is your favorite city in Taiwan? who asking what or which person or people (subject) whom asking what or which person or people (object) whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it? why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that? Why are you here? Why did you come to Taiwan? Whom did you see? Who taught you Chinese? Who is taking you to the hotel? What? I can't hear you. You did what? What did you do that for? Function Example
61

Question Word why don't how making a suggestion asking about manner Why don't I help you? How does this work? How did you get here in the morning? How long have you been in Taiwan? How long will you stay in Taichung? How spicy would you want your food to be? asking about condition or quality how + adj/adv how far how long how many how much how old how come (informal) asking about extent or degree distance length (time or space quantity (countable) quantity (uncountable) age asking for reason, asking why How far is Tainan from Taipei)? How long will it take? How many cars are there? How much money do you have? How old are you? How come I can't see her? see examples below How was your exam? Function Example
Exercise.
1.Read the biography below and answer the WH questions. My name is Soyful Miah. I come from Bangladesh. I live in the capital city, Dhaka. I have got five brothers and one sister. I am the oldest. I go to school Monday to Friday. I come home at 4 pm, eat dinner, and go to bed at 10 pm. I walk to school. It is very hot, so I wear a hat. At the weekend, I help my father in the shop.. Question: 1) What is his name? 3) Where does he live? 5) How many sisters has he got? 7) How does he go to school? 9) Why does he wear a hat? 2) Where does he come from? 4) How many brothers has he got? 6) Who is the oldest brother? 8) When does he go to bed?
62

Exercise.
2. Read the water related event below. Using the WH questions, translate the event into an English news article.. 2012-08-23 (http://www.wra.gov.tw) 90 100 3,666 333 7 147 10 12 88 3 1,161 5,731 20.3 19.1 33 99 11 25
e-mail a15w240@ms1.wra.gov.tw 0422501104 0933012183 e-mail a660070@ms1.wra.gov.tw 0422501338
63

Part.3 Press Release.
Exercise.
Using the WH questions to guide you, translate the article below into a press release.
8 216.5 6 2,946 1 7,133 16 27 18
99 98 32 93 7.4 99 98 71 4 442 15 TVBS 8 4 9.83 20 21
64

Exercise.
1P3R
21 7 18 8 8 2 15 2021 2 2
65
After-school supplementary.
who, what, where, which that Ex: He found a pan that is made of iron. The man who wears a red hat is the murder suspect. She held her purse tightly, in which was all of her lifes savings.
Householders are being denied flood insurance because of delays by the Government and insurers coming to a new deal on affordable cover, according to the Local Government Association.
Householders because of delays by the Government and insurers coming to a new deal on affordable cover.
are being denied flood insurance
according to ..
the Government Associations.
Claims for flood damage are coming from homes affected by surface water run-off as well as rivers overflowing, meaning that many have suffered in places where there was thought to be little or no likelihood of flooding. homes affected by surface water run-off as well as rivers overflowing
Claims for flood damage many , meaning
are coming from homes (affected by)
have suffered in places
where there was thought to be little or no likelihood of flooding.
66
Discussions between the Association of British Insurers (ABI), the government and lenders led to agreement on a "statement of principles" in 2008 for the insurance market, under which the majority of customers living in areas prone to flooding have been able to continue to obtain cover.
However, insurers have not guaranteed to provide cover where no improvements in flood defences are planned, while the ABI has long maintained that the statement of principles is only a temporary measure.
Insurers Insurers
have not guaranteed to provide
where
no improvements for flood defenses are planned
cover
, while
ABI
has long maintained
that
the statement of principles is only a temporary measure.
67
With less than a year of the existing deal remaining, councils have found that some householders who have tried to renew their insurance in the past few weeks have been denied cover or quoted hugely inflated prices.
With less than a year of existing deal remaining, Insurers coucils
have found
that
some householders
who have tried to renew their insurance
have been denied cover
OR have been quoted highly inflated prices
The LGA, which represents more than 350 councils in England and Wales, is warning that the longer government and industry stall on a new deal, the more households are likely to be denied cover and exposed to the risk of losing their homes in the event of severe flooding.
Insurers The LGA which represents more than 350 councils in England and Wales
is warning
that
the longer government and industry stall on a new deal
the more households are likely to be denied cover and exposed to the risk of losing their homes in the event of severe flooding
68
A new agreement should have been sorted long before now and the continuing delays are having a very real and severe impact on thousands of people who will be exposed to the risk of losing their homes if they are unable to find insurance.
the continuing delays
should have been sorted long before now and A new agreement
are having a very real and severe impact on
thousands of people
who will be exposed to the risk of losing their homes if they are unable to find insurance.
"Insurers continue to honour their commitments under the current agreement with Government, providing cover to their customers in high flood risk areas as a standard part of home and small business insurance.
Insurers + ing
continue to honour
providing cover to their customers in high flood risk areas as a standard part of home and small business insurance.
their commitments under the current with the government
69

水利國際事務課程講義

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水利國際事務課程講義

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Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

Lesson.1 Receiving of foreign guests & Social introductions.

1) Listen to something you enjoy - By listening to something you enjoy,

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

side effects make () humor benefits / produce () human

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

Chief Vice / Assistant Deputy Senior Junior

Miss Mrs. Madam Ms.

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

Tips Useful Sentence

How are you today :

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

---------------------------------Similar Sentence---------------------------------Id like to introduce you to my colleague.

You can also say

Hi Work mates Whats up? How is it going?

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

This one is []. That is [].Here is [].

This is [].Let me introduce [].

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

I will live here for two weeks. I will stay 2 weeks.

I will stay for 2 weeks.

Im work for [/]. I work for[/].

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

--------------------------Similar Sentence-----------------------------What agency do you work for?

You can also say

Ministry of Economic Affairs River basin conservation

Government agency / Civil service / Water related laws and policies ()

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

Land Management Division

Water Administration Division

River Survey Team

Water Hazard Mitigation Center

Civil Service Ethics Office

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Kyoto University

Water environment about Taiwan.

Water environment in Taiwan.

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

2) Shake hands firmly (but not strongly);

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

: http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/ http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/culture/food/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_i

Part.8 Practice scenarios. Socializing Scenario 1 (two people) Introducing Yourself

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

like Taiwan? have a diving license? What

Which is your favorite movie? Which is your favorite city in Taiwan?

Lesson.1 Receiving of Foreign Guests & Social Introductions.

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

3.5 Placement of the fork and knife:

3.6 Placement of the napkin:

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

3.8 Appropriate way to drink soup:

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Part.4 Practice scenarios. Social Etiquette Scenario 1 (two people)

Arriving at the Airport

Scenario 2 (four people) Car Transportation from Airport to Venue

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Lesson.2 Receiving Foreign Dignitaries & Dining Etiquette.

Lesson.3 Making an International Speech.

I would like to call upon [presenters name] to deliver his speech.