Anatomy Exam Review Exam One Anatomy is the study of ________ whereas physiology is the study of ______.

_. If you were stranded on a desert island, which of the following would you not need? Appropriate atmospheric pressure Water Stable body temperature Nitrogen Mrs. McAndrews gave each of her students a vegetable or fruit. She asked each of them to demonstrate a body plane. Which student did not pay attention in anatomy class when they were learning about body planes? Gabe said he cut his banana alone a transverse plane Gabriella recorded that she cut her apple along an oblique plane Bailey planned to cut her tomato along a ventral plane Andres was going to slice his pepper along a midsaggital plane Jackie has been learning about the levels of organization in the human body. She had to place 5 flash cards in order. Which set is in the correct order? Cell, organism, organ, tissue, organ system Organism, organ system, organ, cell, tissue Tissue, organ system, organ, cell, organism None of the above The small intestine is part of the lymph system. True False, cardiovascular False, digestive False, respiratory The forehead is _____ to the nose. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral The abdomen is _____ to the cranium. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral Which body part would be distal to your leg? Arm Shoulder Hip Foot

Your small intestine would be _____ and _____ to your umbilicus (belly button). Deep, superficial Superficial, posterior Deep, posterior Superficial, anterior Which body part would be medial to your ears? Eyes Nose Both A and B Neither A or B The sternum is _____ and ______ to the heart. Superficial, ventral Deep, dorsal Superficial, dorsal None of the above The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is accomplished by the ______ system. Nervous Digestive Excretory Respiratory A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is called a _____ mechanism. Digestive feedback Neurotic feedback Negative feedback Positive feedback The smallest LIVING unit of all living things _____. Molecule Atom Tissue Cell Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the opposite (in humans)? Superior and proximal Posterior and intermediate Superficial and deep Lateral and posterior

Label A indicates the _______ Vertebral cavity Abdominal cavity cranial cavity Pelvic cavity Label C indicates the ______ Thoracic cavity Vertebral cavity diaphragm spinal column Label D indicates the ______ Diaphragm lungs bladder small intestines a Groups of cells that have a common function are termed _____ The bodys ability to maintain stable internal conditions are referred to as _____ The arms are _____ to the chest A cut that is made along the horizontal plane, is called a ______. All of the following are life functions, EXCEPT: Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Nutrients Metabolism Water is useful in body processes because it ______ It is a good solvent Acts as an enzyme Has a low heat capacity Is a product in hydrolysis reactions Is chemically inert Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid? 2.4 5.2 6.4 8.6 10.1 Starch is an example of a/an ______ Monosaccaride Disaccharide Polysaccharide

Amino Acid Neucleic Acid The organic molecules that function in building tissues and act as enzymes are _____ Carbohydrates Salts Lipids Proteins Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? They are carbohydrates They are stable at high temperatures They are biological catalysts They require heat to be effective Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT carbohydrates? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Iron The reaction A + B = C is an example of a/an: Exchange reaction Synthesis reaction Hydrolysis reaction Delayed reaction Baking soda and water are sometimes used to help calm acid reflux. Which statement would be true of the baking soda/water solution? The solution has a pH less than 7 The solution has a pH equal to 7Monosaccharides-nucleic The solution has a pH of greater than 7 The pH has nothing to do with it The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of ______ Carbohydrates Triglycerates Phospholipids Steroids Proteins Which of the following substances below are matched with its correct organic group? Monosaccharides-nucleic acid DNA-lipids Glycerol-proteins Enzymes-proteins Compounds that contain carbon are usually referred to as ______ compounds Water has many characteristics that are unique, because the water molecule is ______

 Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ______ Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature, are termed_____ Synthesis reactions _________ Involve bond breakage Involve bond formation Absorb energy Involve bond breakage and absorb energy Involve bond formation and absorb energy All of the following are characteristics of water, EXCEPT: Cohesion Adhesion Surface tension Capillary action Low specific heat Globular proteins _________________________________ Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processes Are usually chemically inactive Are called structural proteins Form collagen strands Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building block by the _________ Addition of a water molecule between every unit Removal of a water molecule between every unit Addition of a carbon atom Process termed hydrolysis Skin, leather Not, without, absent Heat Sugar, glucose One Many Water Break, burst, split Join, combine a.glycob.sync.polyd.-derme.hydroab.-lysac.monoad. a-, an ae.calor bc. physio

 Cell Exam Which one of the following is NOT true about the cell membrane? It consists of a lipid bilayer Its lipid components are primarily phospholipids and cholesterol It contains proteins for specialized functions It regulates the entry and exit of cell materials All of the above are correct The site where Ribosomes are assembled is ______ Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Plasma Membrane The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the _____. Cholesterol molecules Glycoproteins Lipid Molecules Proteins Phospholipids The molecules in the cell membrane that serve as channels or for hormones or other chemical messengers are the _____. Phospholipids Proteins Cholesterol molecules Starches Fats The cell connections that allow substances to pass directly from one cell into another are called ______. Desmosomes Gap junctions Inclusions Microvilli Tight Junctions Microvilli are apt to be found in cells that are specialized for _____. Contraction Protection Absorption Insulation Division

Which one of the following organelles is studded with ribosomes and carries out protein synthesis? Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer H from various substrates to oxygen to form water? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Ribosome Which of the following is NOT an active transport process? Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis Exocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis Which of the following contains its own DNA? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Nucleolus The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is _ ATP mRNA rRNA DNA tRNA Which of the following statements about RNA is correct? It contains 2 chains It contains deoxyribose sugars It has the base Uracil instead of Thymine It never leaves the nucleus It is composed of amino acids DNA replication takes place during _____ of the cell cycle. G1 phase

G2 phase S phase M phase Cytokinesis Place the four steps in DNA Replication in the proper sequence: 1.DNA separates into its two nucleotide chains 2. Two DNA molecules are forms that are identical to the original DNA helix 3. DNA helix unwinds 4. Each strand acts as a template for building a new complimentary strand 1234 4132 4312 3142 2413 If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ______. CAU-CGU CAT-CGT GAU-GCU GAT-GCT ACG-ATT

Match the organelle with the proper function: Mitochondria Ribosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Smooth ER Microtubule Nucleolus Rough ER Microvilli Uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances Determines overall cell shape Helps form mitotic spindle Site of ribosome synthesis Site of protein synthesis Digests worn-out or nonusable cell structures Increases surface area of membrane Packages substances for transport out of cell Captures energy to produce ATP Forms channel for protein transport Directs formation of mitotic spindle

Match the macromolecule with its function: mRNA DNA Protein tRNA Contains the anticodon; carries amino acids to the ribosome Synthesized during transcription and contains codons Acts as a template during transcription Synthesized during translation

Site of translation Fill in the Blank In order to prepare for reproduction of the cell, the DNA winds up into organized structures called ______. The specialized structures within the cytoplasm of the cell are collectively called _____. The movement of substances through the cell membrane AGAINST their concentration gradiation using energy is called _____. The random movement of molecules down their concentration gradient that eventually creates equilibrium is called _____. The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane is called ____. In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ____. Division of the nucleus is called _____. A segment of DNA that codes for one protein is called a ____. Process Krebs Cycle What goes in ATP, Glucose NADH, FADH2 What comes out 2-3 C molecules, CO2, ATP NADH, ATP Where it happens With or w/o Oxygen Aerobic Aerobic

 Biochemistry 1. Dehydration synthesis is used in forming which of the following compounds? A. Fatty acids B. Polysaccharides C. Proteins D. A and C only E. A, B, and C are correct 2. Starch is an example of a(n) __________. A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide C. Polysaccharide D. Amino acid E. Nucleic acid 3. The organic molecules that function in animal structure and act as enzymes are ________. A. Carbohydrates B. Salts C. Lipids D. Proteins E. Nucleic acids 4. Which of the following statements about enzymes true? A. They are carbohydrates B. They are stable at high temperatures C. They are biological catalysts D. They require heat to be effective E. They are used up in a reaction 5. Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT present in lipids and carbohydrates? A. C B. H C. O D. N E. I 6. The reaction A+B = AB is an example of a(n)___________. A. Exchange reaction B. Synthesis reaction C. Hydrolysis reaction D. Delayed reaction

7. The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of __________ . A. Carbohydrates B. Triglycerides C. Steroids D. Proteins 8. Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group? A. Monosaccharides nucleic acids B. DNA lipids C. Glycerol proteins D. Enzymes proteins 9. Globular proteins __________. A. Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processes B. Are usually chemically inactive C. Are called structural proteins D. Form collagen strands 10. Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________. A. Addition of a water molecule between every monomer B. Removal of a water molecule between every monomer C. Addition of a carbon atom D. Process termed hydrolysis

11. 12. 13. 14.

Which diagram represents the functional protein? Which diagram represents the polysaccharide? Which diagram represents the lipid? Which diagram represents the monosaccharide?

15. When an electron is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n) ________. A. B. C. D. Ionic bond H bond Covalent bond Carbon bond

16. The joining of nucleotide molecules to form a more complex molecule is an example of ________. A. A decomposition reaction B. An exchange reaction C. A naturazation reaction D. A synthesis reaction E. A hydrolysis reaction 17. Starch is an example of a(n)_______. A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide C. Polysaccharide D. Amino acid E. Nucleic acid 18. Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule? A. A fatty acid B. An amino acid C. Cholesterol D. Sodium chloride E. RNA 19. Carbohydrates are built from their elements ________. A. C,H,O B. C,H,O,N C. C,H,O,N,P D. C,H,O,N,S 20. Compounds that contain C and H are usually referred to as _______ compounds. 21. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called_____. 22. Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature are termed ___________. 23. The monomers of proteins are_______. 24. The monomers of lipids are ________ and _________

25. The elements found in nucleic acids are __________. 26. The elements found in lipids are _________. 27. A saturated fat is saturated with __________ A. C B. H C. O D. N E. P 28. The more healthy unsaturated fats are found primarily in __________ A. Animals B. Plants C. Both plants and animals D. Avocados E. Both B and D are correct 29. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A. As a pentose B. As a hexose C. As a monosaccharide D. As a disaccharide E. As a polysaccharide 30. Which of the following is true of cellulose? A. It is a polymer composed of simple sugars chained together B. It is a strange molecule for energy in plant cells C. It is a strange molecule for energy in animal cells D. It is a major structural component of plant cell walls E. Both A and D are correct 31. All of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true except. A. They are more common in animals than plants B. They have multiple double bonds in the C chains of fatty acids C. They are generally solid at room temperature D. They contain more H than unsaturated fats having the same number of C atoms E. Both B and D 32. Ase 33. Chrom34. Glycoa. sugar b. mass, body c. oxygen

35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

Mer MacroUle DiMoleOxy PolySom-

d. many e. enzymes ab. double ac. spiral ad. large ae. decomposition bc. body bd. Part be. tiny Carbohydrates 45. 48. 52. 43. 46. 49. fats 44. Amino acid 50. 53 Nucleic acids 47 51 RNA, DNA

Polymer Monomer Elements Example

Histology Exam

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

11.

The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is _________ The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ______ The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is ______ The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is _______ The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is ______ Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells flattened like fried eggs is called a _____ _____ epithelium. A type of muscle that can be controlled voluntarily is called ______ muscle. A type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an acellular matrix is ______ muscle Goblet cells are found in ______ a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Simple cuboidal epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Which of the following is NOT true of epithelial tissue? a. It forms continuous cellular sheets b. It rests on a basement membrane c. It covers all free body surfaces and lines the hollow cavities of organs d. It has a good blood supply within it and is very vascular e. It forms gland Which of the following is NOT connective tissue a. Bone b. Cartilage c. Blood d. Skeletal muscle e. Adipose

12. The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable stretching, such as the urinary bladder, is ______ a. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium b. Simple squamous epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Transitional e. Stratified squamous epithelium 13. The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is called _____ a. Epithelial tissue b. Connective tissue c. Nervous tissue d. Muscle tissue e. Brain tissue 14. The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus is ______ a. Psuedostratified columnar epithelium b. Simple squamous epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Transitional e. Stratified squamous epithelium 15. Tendons are _______ a. Dense connective tissue b. Loose connective tissue c. Adipose tissue d. Aereolar tissue e. Osseous tissue 16. Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______ a. Exocrine b. Endocrine c. Sebaceous d. Ceruminous e. Sudoriferous 17. Intercalated discs are found in ______ a. Cardiac muscle only b. Skeletal muscle only c. Smooth muscle only d. A and C e. B and C 18. The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and in the walls of blood vessels is ______ a. Cardiac muscle

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

b. Skeletal muscle c. Smooth muscle d. C and B e. A and B algia cle cyte, cytoerythro HistoLeucoMalneuro phil Pseudo-

29.

30.

31.

32.

a. loving b. nerves c. tissue d. white e. bad ab. small ac. pain ad. false ae. red bc. Cell bd. Sugar be. Night Identify the tissue that forms the sibcutaneous connective tissue beneath the skin that helps to keep insulated a. Osseous tissue b. Adipose tissue c. Tendons d. Vascular tissue e. Hyaline cartilage The type of tissue that has a matrix that consists of rows of fibroblasts that manufacture collagen fibers is _______ a. Dense connective tissue b. Loose connective tissue c. Adipose tissue d. Areolar tissue e. Osseous tissue The kind of cell that is able to break down bone for remodeling and repair is called a. Osteoblasts b. Osteocytes c. Osteoclasts d. Osteomasts e. Osteons The cells found in cartilage are called _____ a. Osteocytes b. Fibrocytes c. Chondrocytes d. Melanocytes e. Mast cells

33. ______ epithelium consists of one layer of cells 34. Under the microscope _____ cells are multinucleate and have obvious striations 35. The matrix of ______ cartilage consists of a shiny matrix and is so named because its name means glass in Greek. 36. Spindle shaped, uninucleated cells that lack striations can be identified as ______ 37. To identify tissue, one must observe the cells on the _____ surface 38. The cells that manufacture and secrete fibers are called _______ 39. In blood, connective tissue, the matrix is the ____ 40. The cells that are commonly called white blood cells are correctly termed _____

Answers Exam One Anatomy is the study of structure whereas physiology is the study of function. If you were stranded on a desert island, which of the following would you not need? Appropriate atmospheric pressure Water Stable body temperature Nitrogen Mrs. McAndrews gave each of her students a vegetable or fruit. She asked each of them to demonstrate a body plane. Which student did not pay attention in anatomy class when they were learning about body planes? Gabe said he cut his banana alone a transverse plane Gabriella recorded that she cut her apple along an oblique plane Bailey planned to cut her tomato along a ventral plane Andres was going to slice his pepper along a midsaggital plane Jackie has been learning about the levels of organization in the human body. She had to place 5 flash cards in order. Which set is in the correct order? Cell, organism, organ, tissue, organ system Organism, organ system, organ, cell, tissue Tissue, organ system, organ, cell, organism None of the above The small intestine is part of the lymph system. True False, cardiovascular False, digestive False, respiratory The forehead is _____ to the nose. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral The abdomen is _____ to the cranium. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral Which body part would be distal to your leg? Arm Shoulder Hip

Foot Your small intestine would be _____ and _____ to your umbilicus (belly button). Deep, superficial Superficial, posterior Deep, posterior Superficial, anterior Which body part would be medial to your ears? Eyes Nose Both A and B Neither A or B The sternum is _____ and ______ to the heart. Superficial, ventral Deep, dorsal Superficial, dorsal None of the above The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is accomplished by the ______ system. Nervous Digestive Excretory Respiratory A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is called a _____ mechanism. Digestive feedback Neurotic feedback Negative feedback Positive feedback The smallest LIVING unit of all living things _____. Molecule Atom Tissue Cell Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the opposite (in humans)? OMIT Superior and proximal Posterior and intermediate Superficial and deep Lateral and posterior

Label A indicates the _______ Vertebral cavity Abdominal cavity cranial cavity Pelvic cavity Label C indicates the ______ Thoracic cavity Vertebral cavity diaphragm spinal column Label D indicates the ______ Diaphragm lungs bladder small intestines a Groups of cells that have a common function are termed tissue. The bodys ability to maintain stable internal conditions are referred to as Homeostasis. The arms are lateral to the chest A cut that is made along the horizontal plane, is called a transverse. All of the following are life functions, EXCEPT: Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Nutrients Metabolism Water is useful in body processes because it ______ It is a good solvent Acts as an enzyme Has a low heat capacity Is a product in hydrolysis reactions Is chemically inert Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid? 2.4 5.2 6.4 8.6 10.1 Starch is an example of a/an ______ Monosaccaride Disaccharide

Polysaccharide Amino Acid Neucleic Acid The organic molecules that function in building tissues and act as enzymes are _____ Carbohydrates Salts Lipids Proteins Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? They are carbohydrates They are stable at high temperatures They are biological catalysts They require heat to be effective Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT carbohydrates? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Iron The reaction A + B = C is an example of a/an: Exchange reaction Synthesis reaction Hydrolysis reaction Delayed reaction Baking soda and water are sometimes used to help calm acid reflux. Which statement would be true of the baking soda/water solution? The solution has a pH less than 7 The solution has a pH equal to 7Monosaccharides-nucleic The solution has a pH of greater than 7 The pH has nothing to do with it The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of ______ Carbohydrates Triglycerates Phospholipids Steroids Proteins Which of the following substances below are matched with its correct organic group? Monosaccharides-nucleic acid DNA-lipids Glycerol-proteins Enzymes-proteins Compounds that contain carbon are usually referred to as organic compounds

 Water has many characteristics that are unique, because the water molecule is polar. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called sugars. Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature, are termed unsaturated. Synthesis reactions _________ Involve bond breakage Involve bond formation Absorb energy Involve bond breakage and absorb energy Involve bond formation and absorb energy All of the following are characteristics of water, EXCEPT: Cohesion Adhesion Surface tension Capillary action Low specific heat Globular proteins _________________________________ Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processes Are usually chemically inactive Are called structural proteins Form collagen strands Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building block by the _________ Addition of a water molecule between every unit Removal of a water molecule between every unit Addition of a carbon atom Process termed hydrolysis Skin, leather Not, without, absent Heat ae Sugar, glucose a One ac Many c Water e Break, burst, split Join, combine d ad a.glycob.sync.polyd.-derme.hydroab.-lysac.monoad. a-, an ae.calor bc. physio

ab b

 Biochemistry 1. Dehydration synthesis is used in forming which of the following compounds? A. Fatty acids B. Polysaccharides C. Proteins D. A and C only E. A, B, and C are correct 2. Starch is an example of a(n) __________. A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide C. Polysaccharide D. Amino acid E. Nucleic acid 3. The organic molecules that function in animal structure and act as enzymes are ________. A. Carbohydrates B. Salts C. Lipids D. Proteins E. Nucleic acids 4. Which of the following statements about enzymes true? A. They are carbohydrates B. They are stable at high temperatures C. They are biological catalysts D. They require heat to be effective E. They are used up in a reaction 5. Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT present in lipids and carbohydrates? A. C B. H C. O D. N E. I 6. The reaction A+B = AB is an example of a(n)___________. A. Exchange reaction B. Synthesis reaction C. Hydrolysis reaction D. Delayed reaction

7. The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of __________ . A. Carbohydrates B. Triglycerides C. Phospholipids D. Steroids E. Proteins 8. Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group? A. Monosaccharides nucleic acids B. DNA lipids C. Glycerol proteins D. Enzymes proteins 9. Globular proteins __________. A. Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processes B. Are usually chemically inactive C. Are called structural proteins D. Form collagen strands 10. Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________. A. Addition of a water molecule between every monomer B. Removal of a water molecule between every monomer C. Addition of a carbon atom D. Process termed hydrolysis

11. Which diagram represents the functional protein? B 12. Which diagram represents the polysaccharide? C

13. Which diagram represents the lipid? D 14. Which diagram represents the monosaccharide? A 15. When an electron is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n) ________. A. B. C. D. Ionic bond H bond Covalent bond Carbon bond

16. The joining of nucleotide molecules to form a more complex molecule is an example of ________. A. A decomposition reaction B. An exchange reaction C. A naturazation reaction D. A synthesis reaction E. A hydrolysis reaction 17. Starch is an example of a(n)_______. A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide C. Polysaccharide D. Amino acid E. Nucleic acid 18. Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule? A. A fatty acid B. An amino acid C. Cholesterol D. Sodium chloride E. RNA 19. Carbohydrates are built from their elements ________. A. C,H,O B. C,H,O,N C. C,H,O,N,P D. C,H,O,N,S 20. Compounds that contain C and H are usually referred to as _______ compounds. organic

21. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called_____. Sugars 22. Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature are termed ___________. Unsaturated fats 23. The monomers of proteins are_______. Amino acids 24. The monomers of lipids are ________ and _________ Glycerol and 3-fatty acids 25. The elements found in nucleic acids are __________. C, H, O, N, P 26. The elements found in lipids are _________. C, H, O 27. A saturated fat is saturated with __________ A. C B. H C. O D. N E. P 28. The more healthy unsaturated fats are found primarily in __________ A. Animals B. Plants C. Both plants and animals D. Avocados E. Both B and D are correct 29. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A. As a pentose B. As a hexose C. As a monosaccharide D. As a disaccharide E. As a polysaccharide 30. Which of the following is true of cellulose? A. It is a polymer composed of simple sugars chained together B. It is a strange molecule for energy in plant cells C. It is a strange molecule for energy in animal cells D. It is a major structural component of plant cell walls E. Both A and D are correct

31. All of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true except. A. They are more common in animals than plants B. They have multiple double bonds in the C chains of fatty acids C. They are generally solid at room temperature D. They contain more H than unsaturated fats having the same number of C atoms E. Both B and D 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. Ase ChromGlycoMer MacroUle DiMoleOxy PolySomE Color A BD AD BE AB B C D BC a. sugar b. mass, body c. oxygen d. many e. enzymes ab. double ac. spiral ad. large ae. decomposition bc. body bd. Part be. tiny 43. lipids 46. Glycerol and 3-fatty acids 49. C, H, O fats 44. proteins Amino acid Nucleic acids 47. Nucleotide

Polymer Monomer

Carbohydrates 45. simple sugar 48. C, H, O 52. starch

Elements Example

50. C, H, O, N 53. Keratin

51. C, H, O, N, P RNA, DNA

 Cell Exam Which one of the following is NOT true about the cell membrane? It consists of a lipid bilayer Its lipid components are primarily phospholipids and cholesterol It contains proteins for specialized functions It regulates the entry and exit of cell materials All of the above are correct The site where Ribosomes are assembled is ______ Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Plasma Membrane The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the _____. Cholesterol molecules Glycoproteins Lipid Molecules Proteins Phospholipids The molecules in the cell membrane that serve as channels or for hormones or other chemical messengers are the _____. Phospholipids Proteins Cholesterol molecules Starches Fats The cell connections that allow substances to pass directly from one cell into another are called ______. Desmosomes Gap junctions Inclusions Microvilli Tight Junctions Microvilli are apt to be found in cells that are specialized for _____. Contraction Protection Absorption Insulation Division

Which one of the following organelles is studded with ribosomes and carries out protein synthesis? Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer H from various substrates to oxygen to form water? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Ribosome Which of the following is NOT an active transport process? Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis Exocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis Which of the following contains its own DNA? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Nucleolus The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is _ ATP mRNA rRNA DNA tRNA Which of the following statements about RNA is correct? It contains 2 chains It contains deoxyribose sugars It has the base Uracil instead of Thymine It never leaves the nucleus It is composed of amino acids DNA replication takes place during _____ of the cell cycle. G1 phase

G2 phase S phase M phase Cytokinesis Place the four steps in DNA Replication in the proper sequence: 1.DNA separates into its two nucleotide chains 2. Two DNA molecules are forms that are identical to the original DNA helix 3. DNA helix unwinds 4. Each strand acts as a template for building a new complimentary strand 1234 4132 4312 3142 2413 If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ______. CAU-CGU CAT-CGT GAU-GCU GAT-GCT ACG-ATT

Match the organelle with the proper function: Mitochondria AE Ribosome E Lysosome AB Golgi apparatus AD Smooth ER A Microtubule BC Nucleolus D Rough ER BC Microvilli AC a.Uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances b.Determines overall cell shape c.Helps form mitotic spindle d.Site of ribosome synthesis e.Site of protein synthesis ab.Digests worn-out or nonusable cell structures ac.Increases surface area of membrane ad.Packages substances for transport out of cell ae.Captures energy to produce ATP bc.Forms channel for protein transport bd.Directs formation of mitotic spindle

Match the macromolecule with its function: mRNA DNA Protein tRNA B C D A Contains the anticodon; carries amino acids to the ribosome Synthesized during transcription and contains codons Acts as a template during transcription Synthesized during translation

Site of translation Fill in the Blank In order to prepare for reproduction of the cell, the DNA winds up into organized structures called _Chromosomes_. The specialized structures within the cytoplasm of the cell are collectively called _organelles____. The movement of substances through the cell membrane AGAINST their concentration gradiation using energy is called _Active transport____. The random movement of molecules down their concentration gradient that eventually creates equilibrium is called __diffusion___. The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane is called __osmosis__. In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is __cytokinesis__. Division of the nucleus is called __mitosis___. A segment of DNA that codes for one protein is called a _anti-codon___. Process Glycolosis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain What goes in ATP, Glucose Pyruvic Acid NADH, FADH2 What comes out 2-3 C molecules, CO2, ATP ATP, H2O NADH, ATP Where it happens Cytoplasm Space in mitochondria Christae With or w/o Oxygen Anaerobic Aerobic Aerobic

Histology Exam

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.

50.

51.

The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ______B___ The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ___E___ The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is __D____ The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is ____A___ The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is __C____ Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells flattened like fried eggs is called a __simple _squamous__ epithelium. A type of muscle that can be controlled voluntarily is called __skeletal____ muscle. A type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an acellular matrix is ___connective___ muscle Goblet cells are found in ______ a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Simple cuboidal epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Which of the following is NOT true of epithelial tissue? a. It forms continuous cellular sheets b. It rests on a basement membrane c. It covers all free body surfaces and lines the hollow cavities of organs d. It has a good blood supply within it and is very vascular e. It forms gland Which of the following is NOT connective tissue a. Bone b. Cartilage c. Blood d. Skeletal muscle e. Adipose

52. The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable stretching, such as the urinary bladder, is ______ a. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium b. Simple squamous epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Transitional e. Stratified squamous epithelium 53. The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is called _____ a. Epithelial tissue b. Connective tissue c. Nervous tissue d. Muscle tissue e. Brain tissue 54. The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus is ______ a. Psuedostratified columnar epithelium b. Simple squamous epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Transitional e. Stratified squamous epithelium 55. Tendons are _______ a. Dense connective tissue b. Loose connective tissue c. Adipose tissue d. Aereolar tissue e. Osseous tissue 56. Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______ a. Exocrine b. Endocrine c. Sebaceous d. Ceruminous e. Sudoriferous 57. Intercalated discs are found in ______ a. Cardiac muscle only b. Skeletal muscle only c. Smooth muscle only d. A and C e. B and C 58. The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and in the walls of blood vessels is ______ a. Cardiac muscle

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68.

b. Skeletal muscle c. Smooth muscle d. C and B e. A and B algia AC cle AB cyte, cytoBC erythro AE HistoC LeucoD MalE neuro B phil A PseudoAD

69.

70.

71.

72.

a. loving b. nerves c. tissue d. white e. bad ab. small ac. pain ad. false ae. red bc. Cell bd. Sugar be. Night Identify the tissue that forms the sibcutaneous connective tissue beneath the skin that helps to keep insulated a. Osseous tissue b. Adipose tissue c. Tendons d. Vascular tissue e. Hyaline cartilage The type of tissue that has a matrix that consists of rows of fibroblasts that manufacture collagen fibers is _______ a. Dense connective tissue b. Loose connective tissue c. Adipose tissue d. Areolar tissue e. Osseous tissue The kind of cell that is able to break down bone for remodeling and repair is called a. Osteoblasts b. Osteocytes c. Osteoclasts d. Osteomasts e. Osteons The cells found in cartilage are called _____ a. Osteocytes b. Fibrocytes c. Chondrocytes d. Melanocytes e. Mast cells

73. ___simple___ epithelium consists of one layer of cells 74. Under the microscope __skeletal___ cells are multinucleate and have obvious striations 75. The matrix of ___hyaline___ cartilage consists of a shiny matrix and is so named because its name means glass in Greek. 76. Spindle shaped, uninucleated cells that lack striations can be identified as ___smooth muscle tissue___ 77. To identify tissue, one must observe the cells on the __apical___ surface 78. The cells that manufacture and secrete fibers are called _______ 79. In blood, connective tissue, the matrix is the __fluid__ 80. The cells that are commonly called white blood cells are correctly termed __leukocytes___