Simple Harmonic Motion

simple harmonic motion is caused by the restoring force that pulls a body towards its equilibrium position Description of Vibrational Motion amplitude: greatest distance that a vibrating body goes from its rest/equilibrium position period: time for one complete vibration frequency: number of vibrations per unit of time equation f= 1/T T (tau) is the time in seconds pendulum g=4Pi L/T 1. A pendulum that is 2.0m long has a period of 2.9 seconds. What is the value of "g" at this location? 2. What is the period of a pendulum that is 0.49m long and is located on/near the earth's surface? What is the length of a pendulum that has a period of 0.50 seconds.

 Examples of Harmonic Motion mass hung from a spring a mass of 500 grams is hung from a spring whose spring constant is 25N/m. What is the period of oscillation? Find the amplitude of the displacement of the mass. T= 2Pi (m/k) remember: Fs= kx Pe=1/2kx Wave: a disturbance that propagates through a material medium or space in order for a mechanical wave to exist, energy is needed to create a disturbance in an elastic medium waves transfer energy without the bulk transport of matter no medium is needed for electromagnetic waves light, radio, x-rayd and gamma rays are some examples of e/m waves. All e/m waves travel through free space at a speed of approximately 3.00 x 10 m/s or 186,000 miles/sec This speed is known as the speed of light. Transverse the displacement of the particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation Longitudinal the displacement of the particles of the medium is parallel to the direction of wave propagation

 Surface a combination of transverse and longitudinal Wave Characteristics amplitude the maximum displacement of a particle of the medium from the rest or equilibrium position (denoted by A and measured in units of length) Phase related to the position and motion of the particles of the medium Wavelength the shortest distance between two point that are "in phase" (the distance from crest to crest) Frequency the number of complete vibrations per unit time (denoted by f and measured in units of Hz) period the shortest time interval during which the motion of the wave repeats itself (denoted by T and measured in units of time) velocity the speed of the wave (denoted by and measured in units of dist/time) the speed of a wave depends on the properties of the medium through which it is traveling)

 (frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to one another) Reection: How does light react when it is reected? Law of Reection: the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reection a wave is reected at the same angle that it is incident upon the reecting surface o = o the angles of incidence and reections are measured from the normal incline Regular (at) surface: Regular Reection Incident Rays Reected Rays
Eg. plane mirror or any other surface that produces a reected image

smooth surface (ie- plane mirrors or polished surfaces) regular reection incident rays are parallel reected rays are parallel

 Irregular Surface: Diffuse Reection Incident Rays Reected Rays

This is like any surface that we can see but does not reect an image

Rough Surface Diffuse reection incident rays are parallel reected rays are at different angles Mirrors (plane) Image formed is upright, front-back, reversed and the same size as the original object mirror distance from the object and image to the mirror are equal