Construction Materials Cement Portland cement type II modified shall be used.

Reinforcing Steel Grade 60 reinforcing steel shall be used. Epoxy coating is not permitted without prior written approval by the Port. Prestressing Steel 270 ksi strands shall be used for piles prestressing steel. Cast-in-place Concrete Cast-in-place concrete strength ( c f ? ) shall be a minimum of 5,000 psi at 28 days. Minimum concrete cover over reinforcing steel shall be 2 inches for the top of w harf face, and 3 inches for all other faces. Non-prestressed Precast Concrete Precast non-prestressed concrete strength ( c f ? ) shall be a minimum of 5,000 psi at 28 days. Minimum concrete cover over reinforcing steel shall be 2 inches for the to p face, and 3 inches for all other faces. Prestressed Concrete Piles Precast prestressed concrete piles strength ( c f ? ) shall be a minimum of 6,50 0 psi at time of driving, and 4,500 psi at time of prestressing steel stress transfer. Minimum concrete cover over transverse reinforcing steel shall be 2 inches. Prestressed Precast Concrete (other than piles) Precast prestressed concrete strength ( c f ? ) shall be a minimum of 6,000 psi at 28 days. Minimum concrete cover Wharf Components 5.4.1 Wharf Deck Beam/Slab This system consists of a cast-in-place concrete slab supported by cast-in-place beams (pile caps) that are supported by piles. When beams (pile caps) exist both longi tudinally and transversely, this system is also called a waffle slab . Flat Slab The flat slab system consists of a cast-in-place concrete deck supported by pile s. The thickness of the deck slab is normally controlled by slab punching shear capacit y to resist pile reactions. The slab depth in this case can be reduced by the use of capital s or shear caps under the deck at pile locations. Flat slab system may have larger seismic mass when compared to a beam/slab syste m. Precast Slab Panels This system consists of precast deck slab panels placed on top of cast-in-place bent caps supported by piles. The entire system can also be covered with a reinforced cast -in-place topping slab for continuity. Precast deck slabs have the advantage of reducing t he amount of required falsework, which lowers both the construction cost and construction duration. However, the bent cap beams reduce the construction tolerance of the pile placem

ent (i.e. misalignment). This can be an important factor in locations of construction near by or replacing existing structures, where submerged obstacles can be expected during pile driving. Additionally, the depth of the bent cap beams with this type of deck ca n become relatively large as the pile spacing is increased. This can place portions of th e beam in the tidal zone, potentially increasing the corrosion potential of the superstructure .