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Small #usiness
A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industr
S!all "usiness Safet #ana$e!ent Series
OSHA %&'(
)(() *+e,ised-
This informational "ooklet is intended to $ro%ide a generic& non'exhausti%e o%er%iew of a
$articular standards'related to$ic( This $u"lication does not itself alter or determine com$liance
res$onsi"ilities& which are set forth in )SH* standards themsel%es and the Occupational Safety
and Health Act of 1970(
+oreo%er& "ecause inter$retations and enforcement $olic, ma, change o%er time& for additional
guidance on )SH* com$liance re-uirements& the reader should consult current administrati%e
inter$retations and decisions ", the )ccu$ational Safet, and Health Re%iew .ommission and the
courts(
+aterial contained in this $u"lication is in the $u"lic domain and ma, "e re$roduced& full, or
$artiall,& without $ermission of the Federal /o%ernment( Source credit is re-uested "ut not
re-uired(
This information will "e made a%aila"le to sensor, im$aired indi%iduals u$on re-uest( 0oice
$hone1 23435 367'896:; Telet,$ewriter 2TT<51 288=5 887':93=
A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industr
Small #usiness Safet, +anagement Series
>(S( e$artment of ?a"or
Elaine ?( .hao& Secretar,
)ccu$ational Safet, and Health *dministration
@ohn ?( Henshaw& *ssistant Secretar,
)SH* A6:4
3443 2Re%ised5
Contents
Ho. to Use /his "oo0let
Su!!ar
General +e1uire!ents for Scaffolds 2&3)456'&
.a$acit,
Scaffold Platform .onstruction
.riteria for Su$$orted Scaffolds
.riteria for Sus$ended Scaffolds
*ccess Re-uirements
>se Re-uirements
Fall Protection Re-uirements
Falling )"Bect Protection
Specific Scaffold 2&3)456') and Aerial 7ift +e1uire!ents 2&3)456'%
/rainin$ +e1uire!ents 2&3)456'6
8on9#andator Appendices to the Standard
OSHA Assistance: Ser,ices: and ;ro$ra!s
Safet, and Health Program +anagement *ssistance
State Plans
.onsultation *ssistance
0oluntar, Protection Programs
)SH*Cs Strategic Partnershi$ Program
Training and Education
)ther *ssistance +aterials
OSHA +e$ional and Area Offices
OSHA9Appro,ed Safet and Health ;lans
OSHA Onsite Consultation Offices
Construction Focused Inspection Guidelines
+e$ulator /ext
Ho. to Use /his "oo0let
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 charges the )ccu$ational Safet, and Health
*dministration 2)SH*5 with $rotecting all working men and women across the >nited States( To
do so& the agenc, sets federal standards
6
for general industr,& construction& and shi$,ard
em$lo,ment( )SH* also $romotes a %ariet, of %oluntar, $rograms that stri%e to form $artnershi$s
with "usinesses& la"or& and other grou$s to hel$ em$lo,ers $ro%ide safer and more healthful
work$laces for em$lo,ees( Some of the agenc,Cs %oluntar, initiati%es include safet, and health
management $rograms& the 0oluntar, Protection Programs& consultation assistance& and training
and education $rograms and grants( For more information on these outreach efforts& see $age 63
of this "ooklet(
The agenc,Cs recent rule& Safety Standards for Scaffolds Use in the Construction Industry rule
aims to $rotect workers using scaffolding in construction work( Scaffolding hazards continue to
rank high on the list of the most fre-uentl, cited standards in the construction industr,( Scaffold'
related fatalities account for a significant num"er of fatalities in the construction work$lace( This
"ooklet addresses some of the most common -uestions a"out )SH*Cs scaffold standard( Dt is all
$art of the agenc,Cs effort to $ro%ide guidance to em$lo,ers who need hel$ in com$l,ing with
)SH*Cs standards to $rotect the working men and women across the nation( This "ooklet is
organized in a -uestion and answer format to highlight $ertinent information that em$lo,ers and
em$lo,ees need to know( The su"Bects addressed in each -uestion follow the "asic organization
of the standard( Dn addition& each answer references the regulator, text where that $articular
information can "e located( These references a$$ear at the end of each answer in "oldface t,$e(
*n a$$endix also includes an al$ha"etical index to the standard for -uick reference(
Dt is im$ortant to note that the -uestion and answer section of this "ooklet sim$l, $ro%ides
an overview of the standard( For com$liance with all of the regulationCs re-uirements& refer to the
regulator, text or Title 9 of the Code !ederal "e#ulations $C!"% Part 6739& Su"$art ?(
1
Section 1&$'% of The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970( )*+* 91,-9.( encoura#es
states to develop and operate( under OSHA #uidance( their own /o' safety and health plans* An
OSHA,approved state plan 0ust have safety and health re1uire0ents at least as effective as
those of !ederal OSHA and 0ust adopt co0para'le state standards within . 0onths of
pro0ul#ation of federal standards*
Su!!ar and Explanation of the Final +ule
<hat are the hi$hli$hts of the scaffoldin$ standard=
)SH*Cs scaffolding standard has se%eral ke, $ro%isions1
Fall $rotection or fall arrest s,stems '' Each em$lo,ee more than 64 feet a"o%e a lower
le%el shall "e $rotected from falls ", guardrails or a fall arrest s,stem& exce$t those on
single'$oint and two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds( Each em$lo,ee on a single'
$oint and two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ended scaffold shall "e $rotected ", "oth a $ersonal
fall arrest s,stem and a guardrail( &3)456'&*$-*&-
/uardrail height '' The height of the to$rail for scaffolds manufactured and $laced in
ser%ice after @anuar, 6& 3444 must "e "etween A8 inches 24(7 meters5 and E: inches 26(3
meters5( The height of the to$rail for scaffolds manufactured and $laced in ser%ice "efore
@anuar, 6& 3444 can "e "etween A9 inches 24(7 meters5 and E: inches 26(3
meters5( &3)456'&*$-*6-*ii-
.ross"racing '' When the cross$oint of cross"racing is used as a to$rail& it must "e
"etween A8 inches 24(7= m5 and E8 inches 26(A meters5 a"o%e the work
$latform( &3)456'&*$-*6-*x,-
+idrails '' +idrails must "e installed a$$roximatel, halfwa, "etween the to$rail and the
$latform surface( When a cross$oint of cross"racing is used as a midrail& it must "e
"etween 34 inches 24(: meters5 and A4 inches 24(8 m5 a"o%e the work
$latform( &3)456'&*$-*6-
Footings '' Su$$ort scaffold footings shall "e le%el and ca$a"le of su$$orting the loaded
scaffold( The legs& $oles& frames& and u$rights shall "ear on "ase $lates and mud
sills( &3)456'&*c-*)-
Platforms '' Su$$orted scaffold $latforms shall "e full, $lanked or decked( &3)456'&*b-
/u,ing ties& and "races '' Su$$orted scaffolds with a height'to'"ase of more than E16
shall "e restained from ti$$ing ", gu,ing& t,ing& "racing& or the e-ui%alent(&3)456'&*c-*&-
.a$acit, '' Scaffolds and scaffold com$$onents must su$$ort at least E times the
maximum intended load( Sus$ension scaffold rigging must at least 9 times the intended
load( &3)456'&*a-*&- and *%-
Training '' Em$lo,ers must train each em$lo,ee who works on a scaffold on the hazards
and the $rocedures to control the hazards( &3)456'6
Dns$ections '' #efore each work shift and after an, occurrence that could affect the
structural integrit,& a com$etent $erson must ins$ect the scaffold and scaffold
com$onents for %isi"le defects( &3)456'&*f-*%-
Erecting and ismantling '' When erecting and dismantling su$$orted scaffolds& a
com$etent $erson
3
must determine the feasi"ilit, of $ro%iding a safe means of access
and fall $rotection for these o$erations( &3)456'&*e-*3- > *$-*)-
3
See the standardCs re-uirements for and definition of a com$etent $erson in the next -uestion(
<hen is a co!petent person re1uired for scaffoldin$=
)SH*Cs scaffolding standard defines a com$etent $erson as Fone who is ca$a"le of identif,ing
existing and $redicta"le hazards in the surroundings or working conditions& which are unsanitar,&
hazardous to em$lo,ees& and who has authorization to take $rom$t correcti%e measures to
eliminate them(F
The standard re-uires a com$etent $erson to $erform the following duties under these
circumstances1
In 2eneral3
' To select and direct em$lo,ees who erect& dismantle& mo%e& or alter scaffolds(
6739(E:62f52=5
' To determine if it is safe for em$lo,ees to work on or from a scaffold during storms or
high winds and to ensure that a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem or wind screens $rotect these
em$lo,ees( 2Note1 Windscreens should not "e used unless the scaffold is secured
against the antici$ated wind forces im$osed(5 &3)456'&*f-*&)-
!or Trainin#3
' To train em$lo,ees in%ol%ed in erecting& disassem"ling& mo%ing& o$erating& re$airing&
maintaining& or ins$ecting scaffolds to recognize associated work hazards(&3)456'6*b-
!or Inspections3
' To ins$ect scaffolds and scaffold com$onents for %isi"le defects "efore each work shift
and after an, occurrence which could affect the structural integrit, and to authorize
$rom$t correcti%e actions( &3)456'&*f-*%-
' To ins$ect ro$es on sus$ended scaffolds $rior to each workshift and after e%er,
occurrence which could affect the structural integrit, and to authorize $rom$t correcti%e
actions( &3)456'&*d-*&(-
' To ins$ect manila or $lastic 2or other s,nthetic5 ro$e "eing used for to$rails or
midrails( &3)456'&*$-*6-*xi,-
!or Suspension Scaffolds3
' To e%aluate direct connections to su$$ort the load( 6739(E:6 2d52A52i5
' To e%aluate the need to secure two'$oint and multi'$oint scaffolds to $re%ent
swa,ing( &3)456'&*d-*&?-
!or 4rectors and 5is0antlers3
' To determine the feasi"ilit, and safet, of $ro%iding fall $rotection and
access( &3)456'&*e-*3- and &3)456'&*$-*)-
' To train erectors and dismantlers 2effecti%e Se$tem"er 3& 677=5 to recognize associated
work hazards( &3)456'6*b-
!or Scaffold Co0ponents3
' To determine if a scaffold will "e structurall, sound when intermixing com$onents from
different manufacturers( &3)456'&*b-*&(-
' To determine if gal%anic action has affected the ca$acit, when using com$onents of
dissimilar metals( &3)456'&*b-*&&-
<hen is a 1ualified person re1uired for scaffoldin$=
The standard defines a -ualified $erson as Fone who '' ", $ossession of a recognized degree&
certificate& or $rofessional standing& or who ", extensi%e knowledge& training& and ex$erience ''
has successfull, demonstrated hisGher a"ilit, to sol%e or resol%e $ro"lems related to the su"Bect
matter& the work& or the $roBect(F
The -ualified $erson must $erform the following duties in these circumstances1
In 2eneral3
' To design and load scaffolds in accordance with that design( &3)456'&*a-*4-
!or Trainin#3
' To train em$lo,ees working on the scaffolds to recognize the associated hazards and
understand $rocedures to control or minimize those hazards( &3)456'6*a-
!or Suspension Scaffolds3
' To design the rigging for single'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds( 6739(E:32o52352i5
' To design $latforms on two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension t,$es that are less than A9
inches 24(7 m5 wide to $re%ent insta"ilit,( &3)456')*p-*&-
' To make swaged attachments or s$liced e,es on wire sus$ension ro$es( &3)456'&*d-
*&&-
!or Co0ponents and 5esi#n3
' To design scaffold com$onents construction in accordance with the design( &3)456'&*a-
*4-
<hen is an en$ineer re1uired=
The standard re-uires a registered $rofessional engineer to $erform the following duties in these
circumstances1
!or Suspension Scaffolds3
' To design the direct connections of masonsC multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds(
!or 5esi#n3
' To design scaffolds that are to "e mo%ed when em$lo,ees are on them( &3)456'&*f-*'-
' To design $ole scaffolds o%er 94 feet 268(A meters5 in height( &3)456')*a-*&(-
' To design tu"e and cou$ler scaffolds o%er 63: feet 2A8 meters5 in height( &3)456')*b-
*&(-
' To design fa"ricated frame scaffolds o%er 63: feet 2A8 meters5 in height a"o%e their
"ase $lates( &3)456')*c-*4-
' To design "rackets on fa"ricated frame scaffolds used to su$$ort cantile%ered loads in
addition to workers( &3)456')*c-*'5
' To design outrigger scaffolds and scaffold com$onents( &3)456')*i-*?-
<hat other standards appl to scaffolds=
9 C!" contains other standards that a$$l, to construction work such as the res$onsi"ilit, to
initiate and maintain $rograms 2&3)45)3*b-*&-5; ex$osures to dusts and chemicals 2&3)45%%: 5'': 5
'3: 54): and 5&&(&5; hand and $ower tools 2&3)45%(( 9 5%(@5; electrical 2&3)45%(( 9 56635;
$ersonal fall arrest s,stems 2&3)45'()5; and ladders 2&3)45&('( 9 5&(4(5(
General +e1uire!ents for Scaffolds 2&3)456'&
Capacity
<hat are the capacit re1uire!ents for all scaffolds=
Each scaffold and scaffold com$onent must su$$ort without failure its own weight and at least
four times the maximum intended load a$$lied or transmitted to it(&3)456'&*a-*&-
* -ualified $erson must design the scaffolds& which are loaded in accordance with that
design( &3)456'&*a-*4-
Scaffolds and scaffold com$onents must not "e loaded in excess of their maximum intended
loads or rated ca$acities& whiche%er is less( &3)456'&*f-*&-
?oad carr,ing tim"er mem"ers should "e a minimum of 6&:44 l"'fGin3 construction grade
lum"er( Appendix A *&-*a-
Scaffold Platform Construction
<hat are scaffold platfor! construction re1uire!ents=
Each $latform must "e $lanked and decked as full, as $ossi"le with the s$ace "etween the
$latform and u$rights not more than 6 inch 23(: centimeters5 wide( The s$ace must not exceed 7
inches 23E(6 centimetersm5 when side "rackets or odd'sha$ed structures result in a wider
o$ening "etween the $latform and the u$rights(&3)456'&*b-*&-
<hat are the re1uire!ents for scaffold plan0in$=
Scaffold $lanking must "e a"le to su$$ort& without failure& its own weight and at least four times
the intended load( &3)456'&*a-*&-
Solid sawn wood& fa"ricated $lanks& and fa"ricated $latforms ma, "e used as scaffold $lanks
following the recommendations ", the manufacturer or a lum"er grading association or ins$ection
agenc,( Appendix A *&-*b- and *c-
Ta"les showing maximum $ermissi"le s$ans& rated load ca$acit,& and nominal thickness are
in Appendix A *&-*b- > *c- of the standard(
<hat is the !axi!u! deflection of a platfor!=
The $latform must not deflect more than 6G94 of the s$an when loaded( &3)456'&*f-*&4-
Are there re1uire!ents for .or0 on platfor!s cluttered .ith debris=
The standard $rohi"its work on $latforms cluttered with de"ris( &3)456'&*f-*&%-
Ho. .ide does the .or0 area need to be on scaffoldin$=
Each scaffold $latform and walkwa, must "e at least 68 inches 2E9 centimeters5 wide( When the
work area is less than 68 inches 2E9 centimeters5 wide& guardrails andGor $ersonal fall arrest
s,stems must "e used( &3)456'&*b-*)-
Are $uardrails re1uired on all open sides of scaffoldin$=
The standard re-uires em$lo,ers to $rotect each em$lo,ee on a scaffold more than 64 feet 2A(6
m5 a"o%e a lower le%el from falling to that lower le%el( &3)456'&*$-*&-
To ensure ade-uate $rotection& install guardrails along all o$en sides and ends "efore releasing
the scaffold for use ", em$lo,ees& other than the erection and dismantling crews( 6739(E:62g52E5
/uardrails are not re-uired& howe%er&
When the front end of all $latforms are less than 6E inches 2A9 centimeters5 from the face
of the work; &3)456'&*b-*%-
When outrigger scaffolds are A inches 28 centimeters5 or less from the front
edge; &3)456'&*b-*%-*l-
When em$lo,ees are $lastering and lathing 68 inches 2E9 centimeters5 or less from the
front edge( &3)456'&*b-*%-*ii-
<hat !aterials are unacceptable for $uardrails=
Steel or $lastic "anding must not "e used as a to$rail or a midrail( &3)456'&*$-*6-*xiii-
Criteria for Supported Scaffolds
<hat are supported scaffolds=
Su$$orted scaffolds are $latforms su$$orted ", legs& outrigger "eams& "rackets& $oles& u$rights&
$osts& frames& or similar rigid su$$ort( &3)456'&*b-
The structural mem"ers& $oles& legs& $osts& frames& and u$rights& must "e $lum" and "raced to
$re%ent swa,ing and dis$lacement( &3)456'&*c-*%-
Ao e!ploees .or0in$ on supported scaffolds need to be trained=
*ll em$lo,ees must "e trained ", a -ualified $erson to recognize the hazards associated with the
t,$e of scaffold "eing used and how to control or minimize those hazards( The training must
include fall hazards& falling o"Bect hazards& electrical hazards& $ro$er use of the scaffold& and
handling of materials( &3)456'6*a-
<hen do supported scaffolds need to be restrained fro! tippin$=
Su$$orted scaffolds with a height to "ase width ratio of more than E16 must "e restrained ",
gu,ing& t,ing& "racing& or an e-ui%alent means( &3)456'&*c-*&-
Ho. can one pre,ent supported scaffoldin$ fro! tippin$=
Either the manufacturersC recommendation or the following $lacements must "e used for gu,s&
ties& and "races1
Dnstall gu,s& ties& or "races at the closest horizontal mem"er to the E16 height and re$eat
%erticall, with the to$ restraint no further than the E16 height from the to$(
0erticall, '' e%er, 34 feet 29(6 meters5 or less for scaffolds less than three feet 24(76
meters5 wide; e%er, 39 feet 2=(7 meters5 or less for scaffolds more than three feet 24(76
meters5 wide(
Horizontall, '' at each end; at inter%als not to exceed A4 feet 27(6 meters5 from one
end( &3)456'&*c-*&-
<hat are the footin$ and foundation re1uire!ents for supported scaffolds=
Su$$orted scaffoldsC $oles& legs& $osts& frames& and u$rights must "ear on "ase $lates and mud
sills& or other ade-uate firm foundation( &3)456'&*c-*)-*i- and *ii-
#a for0lifts: front9end loaders: or si!ilar e1uip!ent support platfor!s=
Forklifts can su$$ort $latforms onl, when the entire $latform is attached to the fork and the forklift
does not mo%e horizontall, when workers are on the $latform(&3)456'&*c-*)-*,-
Front'end loaders and similar e-ui$ment can su$$ort scaffold $latforms onl, when the, ha%e
"een s$ecificall, designed ", the manufacturer for such use( &3)456'&*c-*)-*i,-
<hat !aterials can be used to increase the .or0in$ le,el hei$ht of e!ploees on
supported scaffolds=
Stilts ma, "e used on a large area scaffold( When a guardrail s,stem is used& the guardrail height
must "e increased in height e-ual to the height of the stilts( The manufacturer must a$$ro%e an,
alterations to the stilts( &3)456')*,-
8oteB * large area scaffold consists of a $ole& tu"e and cou$ler s,stems& or a fa"ricated frame
scaffold erected o%er su"stantiall, the entire work area( &3)456'&*b-
Criteria for Suspended Scaffolds
<hat are suspension scaffolds=
* sus$ension scaffold contains one or more $latforms sus$ended ", ro$es or other non'rigid
means from an o%erhead structure& &3)456'(*b-& such as the following scaffolds1 single'$oint&
multi$oint& multi'le%el& two'$oint& adBusta"le& "oatswainsC chair& catenar,& chimne, hoist&
continuous run& ele%ator false car& go'de%ils& interior hung& masonsC& and stone settersC(
Are there re1uire!ents for suspension scaffolds=
Some of the re-uirements for all t,$es of sus$ension scaffolds include1
Em$lo,ers must ensure that all em$lo,ees are trained to recognize the hazards
associated with the t,$e of scaffold "eing used( &3)456'&*d-*&-
*ll su$$ort de%ices must rest on surfaces ca$a"le of su$$orting at least four times the
load im$osed on them ", the scaffold when o$erating at the rated load of the hoist& or at
least one'and'a'half times the load im$osed on them ", the scaffold at the stall ca$acit,
of the hoist& whiche%er is greater( &3)456'&*d-*&-
* com$etent $erson must e%aluate all direct connections $rior to use to confirm that the
su$$orting surfaces are a"le to su$$ort the im$osed load& &3)456'&*d-*&-
*ll sus$ension scaffolds must "e tied or otherwise secured to $re%ent them from swa,ing&
as determined ", a com$etent $erson( &3)456'&*d-
/uardrails& a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem& or "oth must $rotect each em$lo,ee more than
64 feet 2A(6 meters5 a"o%e a lower le%el from falling( &3)456'&*$-
* com$etent $erson must ins$ect ro$es for defects $rior to each workshift and after e%er,
occurrence that could affect a ro$eCs integrit,( &3)456'&*d-*&(-
When scaffold $latforms are more than 3E inches 296 centimeters5 a"o%e or "elow a $oint
of access& ladders& ram$s& walkwa,s& or similar surfaces must "e used(&3)456'&*e-*&-
When using direct access& the surface must not "e more than 3E inches 296 centimeters5
a"o%e or 6E inches 2A9 cm5 horizontall, from the surface( &3)456'&*e-*?-
When lan,ards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural mem"ers on single'$oint
or two'$oint adBusta"le scaffolds& the scaffold must ha%e additional inde$endent su$$ort
lines e-ual in num"er and strength to the sus$ension lines and ha%e automatic locking
de%ices( &3)456'&*$-*%-*iii-
Emergenc, esca$e and rescue de%ices must not "e used as working $latforms& unless
designed to function as sus$ension scaffolds and emergenc, s,stems(1926!"1#d$#19$
Are there specific re1uire!ents for counter.ei$hts=
.ounterweights used to "alance adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds must "e a"le to resist at least
four times the ti$$ing moment im$osed ", the scaffold o$erating at either the rated load of the
hoist& or one'and'a'half 2minimum5 times the ti$$ing moment im$osed ", the scaffold o$erating at
the stall load of the hoist& whiche%er is greater(&3)456'&*a-*)-
)nl, those items s$ecificall, designed as counterweights must "e used( &3)456'&*d-*%-*iii-
.ounterweights used for sus$ended scaffolds must "e made of materials that can not "e easil,
dislocated( Flowa"le material& such as sand or water& cannot "e used(&3)456'&*d-*%-*ii-
.ounterweights must "e secured ", mechanical means to the outrigger "eams( &3)456'&*d-*%-
*i,-
0ertical lifelines must not "e fastened to counterweights( &3)456'&*$-*%-*i-
Can sand: !asonr units: or rolls of roofin$ felt be used for counter.ei$hts=
No( Such materials cannot "e used as counterweights( &3)456'&*d-*%-*ii- and *iii-
<hat are the specific re1uire!ents for outri$$er bea!s=
)utrigger "eams 2thrustouts5 are the structural mem"ers of a sus$ension or outrigger scaffold
that $ro%ide su$$ort( &3)456'(*b- The, must "e $laced $er$endicular to their "earing
su$$ort( &3)456'&*d-*%-*,iii-
<here do tiebac0s for outri$$er bea!s: cornice hoo0s: roof hoo0s: roof irons: parapet
cla!ps: or si!ilar de,ices need to be secured=
Tie"acks must "e secured to a structurall, sound anchorage on the "uilding or structure( Sound
anchorages do not include stand$i$es& %ents& other $i$ing s,stems& or electrical
conduit( &3)456'&*d-*%-*ix- and *d-*'-
Ho. do tiebac0s need to be installed=
* single tie"ack must "e installed $er$endicular to the face of the "uilding or structure( Two
tie"acks installed at o$$osing angles are re-uired when a $er$endicular tie"ack cannot "e
installed( &3)456'&*d-*%-*x-
<hat are the re1uire!ents for suspension ropes=
The sus$ension ro$es must "e long enough to allow the scaffold to "e lowered to the le%el "elow
without the ro$e $assing through the hoist& or the end of the ro$e configured to $re%ent the end
from $assing through the hoist( &3)456'&*d-*4-
The standard $rohi"its using re$aired wire( &3)456'&*d-*@-
rum hoists must contain no less than four wra$s of the ro$e at the lowest $oint( &3)456'&*d-*4-
Em$lo,ers must re$lace wire ro$e when the following conditions exist1 kinks; six randoml, "roken
wires in one ro$e la, or three "roken wires in one strand in one la,; one third of the original
diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; e%idence that the secondar, "rake has
engaged the ro$e; and an, other $h,sical damage that im$airs the function and strength of the
ro$e( &3)456'&*d-*&(-
Sus$ension ro$es su$$orting adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds must "e a diameter large enough
to $ro%ide sufficient surface area for the functioning of "rake and hoist mechanisms( &3)456'&*f-
*&(-
Sus$ension ro$es must "e shielded from heat'$roducing $rocesses( &3)456'&*f-*&&-
<hat are so!e of the re1uire!ents for po.er9operated suspension scaffold hoists=
Power'o$erated hoists used to raise or lower a sus$ended scaffold must "e tested and listed ", a
-ualified testing la"orator,( &3)456'&*d-*&%-
The stall load of an, scaffold hoist must not exceed three times its rated load( &3)456'&*a-*'-
The stall load is the load at which the $rime'mo%er 2motor or engine5 of a $ower'o$erated hoist
stalls or the $ower to the $rime'mo%er is automaticall, disconnected(&3)456'&*b-
/asoline $ower'o$erated hoists or e-ui$ment are not $ermitted( &3)456'&*d-*&6-
rum hoists must contain no less than four wra$s of sus$ension ro$e at the lowest $oint of
scaffold tra%el( &3)456'&*d-*4-
/ears and "rakes must "e enclosed( &3)456'&*d-*&'-
*n automatic "raking and locking de%ice& in addition to the o$erating "rake& must engage when a
hoist makes an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated o%ers$eed( &3)456'&*d-
*&4-
<hat are so!e of the re1uire!ents for !anuall operated suspension scaffold hoists=
+anuall, o$erated hoists used to raise or lower a sus$ended scaffold must "e tested and listed
", a -ualified testing la"orator,( &3)456'&*d-*&%-
These hoists re-uire a $ositi%e crank force to descend( &3)456'&*d-*&@-
<hen can .eldin$ be done fro! a suspension scaffold=
Welding can "e done from sus$ended scaffolds when
* grounding conductor is connected from the scaffold to the structure and is at least the
size of the welding lead;
The grounding conductor is not attached in series with the welding $rocess or the work
$iece;
*n insulating material co%ers the sus$ension wire ro$e and extends at least four feet 26(3
meters5 a"o%e the hoist;
Dnsulated $rotecti%e co%ers co%er the hoist;
The tail line is guided& retained& or "oth& so that it does not "ecome grounded;
Each sus$ension ro$e is attached to an insulated thim"le; and
Each sus$ension ro$e and an, other inde$endent lines are insulated from
grounding( &3)456'&*f-*&@-
<hat !aterials can be used to increase the .or0in$ le,el hei$ht of e!ploees on
suspended scaffolds=
No materials or de%ices ma, "e used to increase the working height on a sus$ension scaffold(
This includes ladders& "oxes& and "arrels( 1926!"1#f$#1!$ and #1"$
Access %e&uirements
<hat are the re1uire!ents for access to scaffolds=
Em$lo,ers must $ro%ide access when the scaffold $latforms are more than 3 feet 24(9 meters5
a"o%e or "elow a $oint of access( &3)456'&*e-*&-
irect access is acce$ta"le when the scaffold is not more than 6E inches 2A9 centimeters5
horizontall, and not more than 3E inches 296centimeters5 %erticall, from the other
surfaces( &3)456'&*e-*?-
The standard $rohi"its the use of cross"races as a means of access( &3)456'&*e-*&-
<hat tpes of access can be used=
Se%eral t,$es of access are $ermitted1
?adders& such as $orta"le& hook'on& attacha"le& and stairwa, &3)456'& *e-*)-&
Stair towers &3)456'&*e-*6-&
Ram$s and walkwa,s &3)456'&*e-*'-& and
Dntegral $refa"ricated frames *&3)456'&*e-*4-(
<hat are the access re1uire!ents for e!ploees erectin$ and dis!antlin$ supported
scaffolds=
Em$lo,ees erecting and dismantling su$$orted scaffolding must ha%e a safe means of access
$ro%ided when a com$etent $erson has determined the feasi"ilit, and anal,zed the site
conditions( &3)456'&*e-
'se %e&uirements
Aoes the standard prohibit an tpes of scaffolds=
Shore and lean'to scaffolds are strictl, $rohi"ited( &3)456'&*f-*)-
*lso& em$lo,ees are $rohi"ited from working on scaffolds co%ered with snow& ice& or other
sli$$er, materials& exce$t to remo%e these su"stances( &3)456'&*f-*?-
<hat are the clearance distances bet.een scaffolds and po.erlines=
The standard re-uires s$ecific clearance distances( See $age E3 of this $u"lication
and &3)456'&*f-*4- for a ta"le listing those distances(
(all Protection %e&uirements
<hat is fall protection=
Fall $rotection includes guardrail s,stems and $ersonal fall arrest s,stems( /uardrail s,stems are
ex$lained "elow in another -uestion( Personal fall arrest s,stems include harnesses& com$onents
of the harnessG"elt such as ee'rings& and sna$ hooks& lifelines& and anchorage
$oint( &3)456'&*$-*%-
0ertical or horizontal lifelines ma, "e used( &3)456'&*$-*%-*ii- throu$h *i,-
?ifelines must "e inde$endent of su$$ort lines and sus$ension ro$es and not attached to the
same anchorage $oint as the su$$ort or sus$ension ro$es( &3)456'&*$-*%-*iii- and *i,-
When working from an aerial lift& attach the fall arrest s,stem to the "oom or "asket( &3)456'%*b-
*)-*,-
<hat are the fall protection re1uire!ents for all scaffolds=
Em$lo,ers must $ro%ide fall $rotection for each em$lo,ee on a scaffold more than 64 feet 2A(6
meters5 a"o%e a lower le%el( &3)456'&*$-*&-
* com$etent $erson must determine the feasi"ilit, and safet, of $ro%iding fall $rotection for
em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling su$$orted scaffolds( &3)456'&*$-*)-
Ho. .ill I 0no. .hat 0ind of fall protection to pro,ide for a specific9tpe of scaffold=
The chart on the next $age illustrates the t,$e of fall $rotection re-uired for s$ecific scaffolds(
Type of Scaffold (all Protection %e&uired
*erial lifts Personal fall arrest s,stem
#oatswainsC chair Personal fall arrest s,stem
.atenar, scaffold Personal fall arrest s,stem
.rawling "oard 2chicken ladder5 Personal fall arrest s,stem& or a guardrail s,stem& or ", a AGE inch
26(7 cm5 diameter gra"line or e-ui%alent handhold securel, fastened
"eside each crawling "oard
Float scaffold Personal fall arrest s,stem
?adder Back scaffold Personal fall arrest s,stem
Needle "eam scaffold Personal fall arrest s,stem
Self'contained scaffold "oth a $ersonal adBusta"le scaffold arrest s,stem and a guardrail
s,stem
Single'$oint and two'$oint
sus$ension scaffolds
#oth a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem and a guardrail s,stem
Su$$orted scaffold Personal fall arrest s,stem or guardrail s,stem
*ll other scaffolds not s$ecified
a"o%e
Personal fall arrest s,stem or guardrail s,stems that meet the
re-uired criteria
<hen can personal fall arrest sste!s be used .hen .or0in$ on scaffoldin$ and aerial
lifts=
Personal fall arrest s,stems can "e used on scaffolding when there are no guardrail
s,stems( &3)456'&*$-*&-*,ii-
>se fall arrest s,stems when working from the following t,$es of scaffolding1 "oatswainsC chair&
catenar,& float& needle "eam& ladder& and $um$ Back( &3)456'&*$-*&-
>se fall arrest s,stems also when working from the "oomG"asket of an aerial lift( &3)456'%*b-*)-
*,-
<hen are both fall arrest and $uardrail sste!s re1uired=
Fall arrest and guardrail s,stems must "e used when working on single' and two'$oint adBusta"le
sus$ension scaffolds and self'contained adBusta"le scaffolds that are su$$orted ",
ro$es( &3)456'&*$-*&-
(allin) O*+ect Protection
<hat protections fro! o,erhead fallin$ obCects do the standards re1uire=
To $rotect em$lo,ees from falling hand tools& de"ris& and other small o"Bects& install toe"oards&
screens& guardrail s,stems& de"ris nets& catch $latforms& cano$, structures& or "arricades( Dn
addition& em$lo,ees must wear hard hats( &3)456'&*h-*&- > *)- and *%-
Specific Scaffold *2&3)456')- and Aerial 7ift *2&3)456'%- +e1uire!ents
Specific Scaffold %e&uirements ,1926!"2
Are there additional re1uire!ents for specific tpes of scaffolds=
The standard addresses other re-uirements for s$ecific t,$es of scaffolds such as mo"ile& ladder&
and $um$ Back& fa"ricated frame& and tu"e and cou$ler scaffolds( These are found in &3)456')&
F*dditional Re-uirements *$$lica"le to S$ecific T,$es of Scaffolds(F
Aerial -ift %e&uirements ,1926!".
<hat are aerial lifts=
0ehicle'mounted aerial de%ices used to ele%ate em$lo,ees '' such as extensi"le "oom $latforms&
aerial lifts& articulating "oom $latforms& and %ertical towers '' are considered Faerial
lifts(F &3)456'%*a-*&-
Ao aerial lifts and !obile scaffolds ha,e the sa!e re1uire!ents=
The &3)456'% and &3)456'6 standards a$$l, to aerial lifts( The &3)456'&& &3)456')&
and &3)456'6 standards a$$l, to mo"ile scaffolds(
<hat are so!e of the specific re1uire!ents for aerial lifts=
Some s$ecific re-uirements include the following1
)nl, authorized $ersonnel can o$erate aerial lifts(
The manufacturer or e-ui%alent must certif, an, modification(
The insulated $ortion must not "e altered to reduce its insulating %alue(
?ift controls must "e tested dail,(
.ontrols must "e clearl, marked(
#rakes must "e set and outriggers used(
#oom and "asket load limits must not "e exceeded(
Em$lo,ees must wear $ersonal fall arrest s,stems& with the lan,ard attached to the "oom
or "asket(
No de%ices to raise the em$lo,ee a"o%e the "asket floor can "e used( &3)456'%*b-
Trainin) %e&uirements ,1926!"!
<hat are the trainin$ standards for e!ploees .ho .or0 on scaffolds=
*ll em$lo,ees who work on a scaffold must "e trained ", a $erson -ualified to recognize the
hazards associated with the t,$e of scaffold used and to understand the $rocedures to control
and minimize those hazards( &3)456'6*a-
<hat are the trainin$ standards for e!ploees .ho .or0: erect: dis!antle: !o,e: operate:
repair: !aintain: or inspect scaffolds=
* com$etent $erson must train all em$lo,ees who erect& disassem"le& mo%e& o$erate& re$air&
maintain& or ins$ect scaffolds( Training must co%er the nature of the hazards& the correct
$rocedures for erecting& disassem"ling& mo%ing& o$erating& re$airing& ins$ecting& and maintaining
the t,$e of scaffold in use( &3)456'6*b-
)ther recommended training to$ics include erection and dismantling& $lanning& $ersonal
$rotecti%e e-ui$ment& access& gu,s and "races& and $arts ins$ection( Appendix A
<hat are the retrainin$ re1uire!ents for e!ploees .or0in$ on scaffolds=
The standard re-uires retraining when 265 no em$lo,ee training has taken $lace for the worksite
changes& scaffold changes& or falling o"Bect $rotection changes; or 235 where the em$lo,er
"elie%es the em$lo,ee lacks the necessar, skill& understanding& or $roficienc, to work
safel,( &3)456'6*c-
/on01andatory Appendices to the Standard
<h are the Appendices to the Subpart 7 scaffoldin$ standards i!portant= Ao the
address standard re1uire!ents=
*ll of the a$$endices are non'mandator, and contain selection criteria for $lanks; *merican
National Standards Dnstitute 2*NSD5 standard references for aerial lifts; criteria for determining the
feasi"ilit, of $ro%iding safe access and fall $rotection& and training for erectors and dismantlers;
and drawings of %arious t,$es of scaffolds and com$onents(
To summarize& Appendix A of Subpart 7 addresses scaffold s$ecifications and $ro%ides non'
mandator, guidelines to assist em$lo,ers in com$l,ing with Su"$art ? re-uirements( These
guidelines and ta"les $ro%ide a starting $oint for designing scaffold s,stems; howe%er& the, do
not $ro%ide all the information necessar, to "uild a com$lete s,stem( Therefore& the em$lo,er is
still res$onsi"le for designing and assem"ling these com$onents so that the com$leted s,stem
meets the final rule re-uirements in &3)456'&*a-(
Appendix C lists national consensus standards related to aerial& %ehicle mounted& manuall,
$ro$elled& self'$ro$elled& mast clim"ing& and other such de%ices(
Appendix A ser%es as a guide to assist em$lo,ers when e%aluating the training needs for
em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling su$$orted scaffolds(
Appendix E $ro%ides drawings of $articular t,$es of scaffolds and scaffold com$onents as well
as gra$hic illustrations of "racing $atterns and tie's$acing $atterns(
Other Sources of OSHA Assistance
Ho. can OSHA help !e=
)SH* can $ro%ide extensi%e hel$ through a %ariet, of $rograms& including assistance a"out
safet, and health $rograms& state $lans& work$lace consultations& %oluntar, $rotection $rograms&
strategic $artnershi$s& training and education& and more(
Ho. does safet and health pro$ra! !ana$e!ent help e!ploers and e!ploees=
Effecti%e management of worker safet, and health $rotection is a decisi%e factor in reducing the
extent and se%erit, of work'related inBuries and illnesses and their related costs( Dn fact& an
effecti%e safet, and health management s,stem forms the "asis of good worker $rotection and
can sa%e time and mone, '' a"out HE for e%er, dollar s$ent '' and increase $roducti%it,(
To assist em$lo,ers and em$lo,ees in de%elo$ing effecti%e safet, and health $rograms& )SH*
$u"lished recommended Safet, and Health Program +anagement /uidelines 2!ederal
"e#ister :E26851A74E'A769& @anuar, 39& 67875( These %oluntar, guidelines can "e a$$lied to all
worksites co%ered ", )SH*(
The guidelines identif, four general elements that are critical to the de%elo$ment of a successful
safet, and health management $rogram1
+anagement leadershi$ and em$lo,ee $artici$ation&
Worksite anal,sis&
Hazard $re%ention and control& and
Safet, and health training(
The guidelines recommend s$ecific actions under each of these general elements to achie%e an
effecti%e safet, and health $rogram( The !ederal "e#ister notice is a%aila"le online
at www(osha(go%(
<hat are state plans=
State $lans are )SH*'a$$ro%ed Bo" safet, and health $rograms o$erated ", indi%idual states or
territories instead of Federal )SH*( The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 $OSH
Act% encourages states to de%elo$ and o$erate their own Bo" safet, and health $lans and $ermits
state enforcement of )SH* standards if the state has an a$$ro%ed $lan( )nce )SH* a$$ro%es a
state $lan& it funds :4 $ercent of the $rogramCs o$erating costs( State $lans must $ro%ide
standards and enforcement $rograms& as well as %oluntar, com$liance acti%ities& that are at least
as effecti%e as those of Federal )SH*(
There are 39 state $lans1 3A co%er "oth $ri%ate and $u"lic 2state and local go%ernment5
em$lo,ment& and A 2.onnecticut& New @erse,& and New <ork5 co%er onl, the $u"lic sector( For
more information on state $lans& see the listing at the end of this $u"lication& or %isit )SH*Cs
we"site at www(osha(go%(
Ho. can consultation assistance help e!ploers=
Dn addition to hel$ing em$lo,ers identif, and correct s$ecific hazards& )SH*Cs consultation
ser%ice $ro%ides free& onsite assistance in de%elo$ing and im$lementing effecti%e work$lace
safet, and health management s,stems that em$hasize the .om$rehensi%e consultation
assistance $ro%ided ", )SH* includes a hazard sur%e, of the worksite and an a$$raisal of all
as$ects of the em$lo,erCs existing safet, and health management s,stem( Dn addition& the ser%ice
offers assistance to em$lo,ers in de%elo$ing and im$lementing an effecti%e safet, and health
management s,stem( Em$lo,ers also ma, recei%e training and education ser%ices& as well as
limited assistance awa, from the worksite(
<ho can $et consultation assistance and .hat does it cost=
.onsultation assistance is a%aila"le to small em$lo,ers 2with fewer than 3:4 em$lo,ees at a fixed
site and no more than :44 cor$oratewide5 who want hel$ in esta"lishing and maintaining a safe
and healthful work$lace(
Funded largel, ", )SH*& the ser%ice is $ro%ided at no cost to the em$lo,er( Primaril, de%elo$ed
for smaller em$lo,ers with more hazardous o$erations& the consultation ser%ice is deli%ered ",
state go%ernments em$lo,ing $rofessional safet, and health consultants( No $enalties are
$ro$osed or citations issued for hazards identified ", the consultant( The em$lo,erCs onl,
o"ligation is to correct all identified serious hazards within the agreed u$on correction time frame(
)SH* $ro%ides consultation assistance to the em$lo,er with the assurance that his or her name
and firm and an, information a"out the work$lace will not "e routinel, re$orted to )SH*
enforcement staff(
Can OSHA assure pri,ac to an e!ploer .ho as0s for consultation assistance=
)SH* $ro%ides consultation assistance to the em$lo,er with the assurance that his or her name
and firm and an, information a"out the work$lace will not "e routinel, re$orted to )SH*
enforcement staff(
Can an e!ploer be cited for ,iolations after recei,in$ consultation assistance=
Df an em$lo,er fails to eliminate or control a serious hazard within the agreed'u$on time frame&
the consultation $roBect manager must refer the situation to the )SH* enforcement office for
a$$ro$riate action( This is a rare occurrence& howe%er& since em$lo,ers re-uest the ser%ice for
the ex$ressed $ur$ose of identif,ing and fixing hazards in their work$laces(
Aoes OSHA pro,ide an incenti,es for see0in$ consultation assistance=
<es( >nder the consultation $rogram& certain exem$lar, em$lo,ers ma, re-uest $artici$ation in
)SH*Cs Safet, and Health *chie%ement Recognition Program 2SH*RP5( Eligi"ilit, for
$artici$ation in SH*RP includes& "ut is not limited to& recei%ing a full'ser%ice& com$rehensi%e
consultation %isit& correcting all identified hazards& and de%elo$ing an effecti%e safet, and health
management s,stem(
Em$lo,ers acce$ted into SH*RP ma, recei%e an exem$tion from $rogrammed ins$ections 2not
com$laint or accident in%estigation ins$ections5 for a $eriod of 6 ,ear initiall,& or 3 ,ears u$on
renewal( For more information concerning consultation assistance& see the list of consultation
director, at the end of this $u"lication& contact ,our regional or area )SH* office& or %isit )SH*Cs
we"site at www(osha(go%(
<hat are the Doluntar ;rotection ;ro$ra!s=
0oluntar, Protection Programs 20PPs5 re$resent one $art of )SH*Cs effort to extend worker
$rotection "e,ond the minimum re-uired ", )SH* standards( 0PP '' along with onsite
consultation ser%ices& full'ser%ice area offices& and )SH*Cs Strategic Partnershi$ Program
2)SPP5 '' re$resents a coo$erati%e a$$roach which& when cou$led with an effecti%e enforcement
$rogram& ex$ands worker $rotection to hel$ meet the goals of the OSH Act(
Ho. do the Doluntar ;rotection ;ro$ra!s .or0=
There are three le%els of 0PPs1 Star& +erit& and emonstration( *ll are designed to do the
following1
Recognize em$lo,ers who ha%e successfull, de%elo$ed and im$lemented effecti%e and
com$rehensi%e safet, and health management s,stems;
Encourage these em$lo,ers to continuousl, im$ro%e their safet, and health management
s,stems;
+oti%ate other em$lo,ers to achie%e excellent safet, and health results in the same
outstanding wa,; and
Esta"lish a relationshi$ "etween em$lo,ers& em$lo,ees& and )SH* that is "ased on
coo$eration(
Ho. does D;; help e!ploers and e!ploees=
0PP $artici$ation can mean the following1
Reduced num"ers of worker fatalities& inBuries& and illnesses;
?ost'workda, case rates generall, :4 $ercent "elow industr, a%erages;
?ower workersC com$ensation and other inBur,and illness'related costs;
Dm$ro%ed em$lo,ee moti%ation to work safel,& leading to a "etter -ualit, of life at
work;
Positi%e communit, recognition and interaction;
Further im$ro%ement and re%italization of alread, good safet, and health
$rograms; and a
Positi%e relationshi$ with )SH*(
Ho. does OSHA !onitor D;; sites=
)SH* re%iews an em$lo,erCs 0PP a$$lication and conducts a 0PP )nsite E%aluation to %erif,
that the safet, and health management s,stems descri"ed are o$erating effecti%el, at the site(
)SH* conducts onsite e%aluations on a regular "asis& annuall, for $artici$ants at the
emonstration le%el& e%er, 68 months for +erit& and e%er, A to : ,ears for Star( Each Fe"ruar,&
all $artici$ants must send a co$, of their most recent annual e%aluation to their )SH* regional
office( This e%aluation must include the worksiteCs record of inBuries and illnesses for the $ast
,ear(
Can OSHA inspect an e!ploer .ho is participatin$ in the D;;=
Sites $artici$ating in 0PP are not scheduled for regular& $rogrammed ins$ections( )SH* handles
an, em$lo,ee com$laints& serious accidents& or significant chemical releases that ma, occur at
0PP sites according to routine enforcement $rocedures(
*dditional information on 0PP is a%aila"le from )SH* national& regional& and area offices& listed
at the end of this "ooklet( *lso& see )utreach on )SH*Cs we"site atwww(osha(go%(
Ho. can a partnership .ith OSHA i!pro,e .or0er safet and health=
)SH* has learned firsthand that %oluntar,& coo$erati%e $artnershi$s with em$lo,ers& em$lo,ees&
and unions can "e a useful alternati%e to traditional enforcement and an effecti%e wa, to reduce
worker deaths& inBuries& and illnesses( This is es$eciall, true when a $artnershi$ leads to the
de%elo$ment and im$lementation of com$rehensi%e work$lace safet, and health management
s,stem(
<hat is OSHAEs Strate$ic ;artnership ;ro$ra! *OS;;-=
)SH* Strategic Partnershi$s are alliances among la"or& management& and go%ernment to foster
im$ro%ements in work$lace safet, and health( These $artnershi$s are %oluntar,& coo$erati%e
relationshi$s "etween )SH*& em$lo,ers& em$lo,ee re$resentati%es& and others such as trade
unions& trade and $rofessional associations& uni%ersities& and other go%ernment agencies( )SPPs
are the newest mem"er of )SH*Cs famil, of coo$erati%e $rograms(
<hat do OS;;s do=
These $artnershi$s encourage& assist& and recognize the efforts of the $artners to eliminate
serious work$lace hazards and achie%e a high le%el of worker safet, and health( Whereas
)SH*Cs .onsultation Program and 0PP entail one'on'one relationshi$s "etween )SH* and
indi%idual worksites& most strategic $artnershi$s seek to ha%e a "roader im$act ", "uilding
coo$erati%e relationshi$s with grou$s of em$lo,ers and em$lo,ees(
Are there different 0inds of OS;;s=
There are two maBor t,$es1
.om$rehensi%e& which focus on esta"lishing com$rehensi%e safet, and health
management s,stems at $artnering worksites; and
?imited& which hel$ identif, and eliminate hazards associated with worker deaths&
inBuries& and illnesses& or ha%e goals other than esta"lishing com$rehensi%e worksite
safet, and health $rograms(
)SH* is interested in creating new )SPPs at the national& regional& and local le%els( )SH* also
has found limited $artnershi$s to "e %alua"le( ?imited $artnershi$s might address the elimination
or control of a s$ecific industr, hazard(
<hat are the benefits of participation in the OSHA Strate$ic ;artnership ;ro$ra!=
?ike 0PP& )SPP can mean the following1
Fewer worker fatalities& inBuries& and illnesses;
?ower workersC com$ensation and other inBur,' and illness'related costs;
Dm$ro%ed em$lo,ee moti%ation to work safel,& leading to a "etter -ualit, of life at work
and enhanced $roducti%it,;
Positi%e communit, recognition and interaction;
e%elo$ment of or im$ro%ement in safet, and health management s,stems; and
Positi%e interaction with )SH*(
For more information a"out this $rogram& contact ,our nearest )SH* office or go to the agenc,
we"site at www(osha(go%(
Aoes OSHA ha,e occupational safet and health trainin$ for e!ploers and e!ploees=
<es( The )SH* Training Dnstitute in es Plaines& D?& $ro%ides "asic and ad%anced training and
education in safet, and health for federal and state com$liance officers& state consultants& other
federal agenc, $ersonnel& and $ri%ate'sector em$lo,ers& em$lo,ees& and their re$resentati%es(
Dnstitute courses co%er di%erse safet, and health to$ics including electrical hazards& machine
guarding& $ersonal $rotecti%e e-ui$ment& %entilation& and ergonomics( The facilit, includes
classrooms& la"oratories& a li"rar,& and an audio%isual unit( The la"oratories contain %arious
demonstrations and e-ui$ment& such as $ower $resses& woodworking and welding sho$s& a
com$lete industrial %entilation unit& and a sound demonstration la"orator,( +ore than := courses
dealing with su"Bects such as safet, and health in the construction industr, and methods of
com$liance with )SH* standards are a%aila"le for $ersonnel in the $ri%ate sector(
Dn addition& )SH*Cs =A area offices are fullser%ice centers offering a %ariet, of informational
ser%ices such as $ersonnel for s$eaking engagements& $u"lications& audio%isual aids on
work$lace hazards& and technical ad%ice(
For more information on grants& training& and education& write1 )SH* Training Dnstitute& )ffice of
Training and Education& 6::: Times ri%e& es Plaines& D? 94468; call 28E=5 37='E864; or
see Outreach on )SH*Cs we"site at www(osha(go%(
Aoes OSHA $i,e !one to or$aniFations for trainin$ and education=
)SH* awards grants through its Susan Harwood Training /rant Program to non$rofit
organizations to $ro%ide safet, and health training and education to em$lo,ers and workers in the
work$lace( The grants focus on $rograms that will educate workers and em$lo,ers in small
"usiness 2fewer than 3:4 em$lo,ees5& training workers and em$lo,ers a"out new )SH*
standards or a"out high risk acti%ities or hazards( /rants are awarded for 6 ,ear and ma, "e
renewed for an additional 63 months de$ending on whether the grantee has $erformed
satisfactoril,(
)SH* ex$ects each organization awarded a grant to de%elo$ a training andGor education $rogram
that addresses a safet, and health to$ic named ", )SH*& recruit workers and em$lo,ers for the
training& and conduct the training( /rantees are also ex$ected to follow u$ with $eo$le who ha%e
"een trained to find out what changes were made to reduce the hazards in their work$laces as a
result of the training(
Each ,ear )SH* has a national com$etition that is announced in the !ederal "e#ister and on the
Dnternet at www(osha(go%GdteGsharwoodGindex(html( Df ,ou do not ha%e access to the Dnternet& ,ou
can contact the )SH* )ffice of Training and Education& 6::: Times ri%e& es Plaines& Dllinois
94468& 28E=5 37='E864& for more information(
Aoes OSHA ha,e other assistance !aterials a,ailable=
<es( )SH* has a %ariet, of materials and tools a%aila"le on its we"site at www(osha(go%( These
include e'Tools& Ex$ert *d%isors& Electronic .om$liance *ssistance Tools 2e'.*Ts5& Technical
?inks& regulations& directi%es& $u"lications& %ideos& and other information for em$lo,ers and
em$lo,ees( )SH*Cs software $rograms and com$liance assistance tools walk ,ou through
challenging safet, and health issues and common $ro"lems to find the "est solutions for ,our
work$lace( )SH*Cs com$rehensi%e $u"lications $rogram includes more than 644 titles to hel$
,ou understand )SH* re-uirements and $rograms(
)SH*Cs .'R)+ includes standards& inter$retations& directi%es& and more and can "e $urchased
on .'R)+ from the >(S( /o%ernment Printing )ffice( To order& write to the Su$erintendent of
ocuments& >(S( /o%ernment Printing )ffice& Washington& . 34E43& or $hone 23435 :63'6844(
S$ecif, )SH* Regulations& ocuments and Technical Dnformation on .'R)+ 2)RT5& /P)
)rder No( SGN =37'46A'44444':(
<hat do I do in case of an e!er$enc= Or if I need to file a co!plaint=
To re$ort an emergenc,& file a com$laint& or seek )SH* ad%ice& assistance& or $roducts& call
28445 A36')SH* or contact ,our nearest )SH* regional or area office listed at the end of this
$u"lication( The telet,$ewriter 2TT<5 num"er is 28==5 887':93=(
<ou can also file a com$laint online and o"tain more information on )SH* federal and state
$rograms ", %isiting )SH*Cs we"site at www(osha(go%(
OSHA +e$ional Offices
+EGIO8 I
2.T&I +E& +*& NH& RD& 0TI5
@FJ Federal #uilding& Room EAE4
#oston& +* 4334A
296=5 :9:'7894
+EGIO8 II
2N@&I PR&I 0DI5
346 0arick Street& Room 9=4
New <ork& N< 6446E
23635 AA='3A=8
+EGIO8 III
2E& .& +&I P*&I 0*&I W05
The .urtis .enter
6=4 S( Dnde$endence +all West
Suite =E4 West
Philadel$hia& P* 67649'AA47
236:5 896'E744
+EGIO8 ID
2*?& F?& /*& J<&I +S& N.&I S.&I TNI5
*tlanta Federal .enter
96 Fors,th Street& SW& Room 9T:4
*tlanta& /* A4A4A
2E4E5 :93'3A44
+EGIO8 D
2D?& DN&I +D&I +N&I )H& WD5
3A4 South ear"orn Street& Room A3EE
+EGIO8 DI
2*R& ?*& N+&I )J& TK5
:3: /riffin Street& Room 943
allas& TK =:343
236E5 =9='E=A6 or E=A9 x33E
+EGIO8 DII
2D*&I JS& +)& NE5
.it, .enter S-uare
6644 +ain Street& Suite 844
Jansas .it,& +) 9E64:
28695 E39':896
+EGIO8 DIII
2.)& +T& N& S& >T&I W<I5
6777 #roadwa,& Suite 6974
en%er& .) 84343':=69
2A4A5 8EE'6944
+EGIO8 IG
2*merican Samoa& *L&I .*&I /uram& HD&I N0I5
=6 Ste%enson Street& Room E34
San Francisco& .* 7E64:
2E6:5 7=:'EA64
+EGIO8 G
2*J&I D& )R&I W*I5
6666 Third *%enue& Suite =6:
Seattle& W* 78646'A363
23495 ::A':7A4
.hicago& D? 9494E
2A635 A:A'3334
OSHA Area Offices
*nchorage& *J
#irmingham& *?
+o"ile& *?
?ittle Rock& *R
Phoenix& *L
San iego& .*
Sacramento& .*
en%er& .)
/reenwood 0illage& .)
#ridge$ort& .T
Hartford& .T
Wilmington& E
Fort ?auderdale& F?
@ackson%ille& F?
Tam$a& F?
Sa%annah& /*
Sm,rna& /*
Tucker& /*
es +oines& D*
#oise& D
.alumet .it,& D?
es Plaines& D?
Fair%iew Heights& D?
North *urora& D?
Peoria& D?
Dndiana$olis& DN
Wichita& JS
Frankfort& J<
#aton Rouge& ?*
#raintree& +*
+ethuen& +*
S$ringfield& +*
?inthicum& +
#angor& +E
Portland& +E
*ugust& +E
?ansing& +D
+innea$olis& +N
Jansas .it,& +)
St( ?ouis& +)
@ackson& +S
#illings& +T
Raleigh& N.
)maha& NE
#ismark& N
.oncord& NH
*%enel& N@
274=5 3=6':6:3
234:5 =A6'6:AE
23:65 EE6'96A6
2:465 A3E'93762:8685
29435 9E4'3AE8
29675 ::=':747
27695 :99'=E=6
2A4A5 8EE':38:
2A4A5 8EA'E:44
234A5 :=7'::86
28945 3E4'A6:3
2A435 :=A'9:68
27:E5 E3E'43E3
274E5 3A3'387:
286A5 939'66==
27635 9:3'EA7A
2==45 78E'8=44
2==45 E7A'99EEG
9=E3G8E67
2:6:5 38E'E=7E
23485 A36'3794
2=485 876'A844
28E=5 84A'E844
29685 9A3'8963
29A45 879'8=44
2A475 9=6'=4AA
2A6=5 339'=374
2A695 397'99EE
2:435 33='=43E
233:5 A87'4E=E
24EA65
296=5 :9:'973E
296=5 :9:'8664
2E6A5 =8:'463A
2E645 89:'34::G34:9
234=5 7E6'86==
234=5 =84'A6=8
234=5 933'8E6=
2:6=5 A3='474E
29635 99E' :E94
28695 E8A'7:A6
2A6E5 E3:'E3E7
29465 79:'E949
2E495 3E='=E7E
27675 8:9'E==4
2E435 336'A683
2=465 3:4'E:36
294A5 33:'6937
2=A35 =:4'A3=4
Has"rouck Heights& N@
+arlton& N@
Parsi$$an,& N@
.arson .it,& N0
*l"an,& N<
#a,side& N<
#owmans%ille& N<
New <ork& N<
North S,racuse& N<
Tarr,town& N<
West"ur,& N<
.incinnati& )H
.le%eland& )H
.olum"us& )H
Toledo& )H
)klahoma .it,& )J
Portland& )R
*llentown& P*
Erie& P*
Harris"urg& P*
Philadel$hia& P*
Pitts"urgh& P*
Wilkes'#arre& P*
/ua,na"o& PR
Pro%idence& RD
.olum"ia& S.
Nash%ille& TN
*ustin& TK
.or$us .hristi& TK
allas& TK
El Paso& TK
Fort Worth& TK
Houston& TK
Houston& TK
?u""ock& TK
Salt ?ake .it,& >T
Norfolk& 0*
#elle%ue& W*
*$$leton& WD
Eau .laire& WD
+adison& WD
+ilwaukee& WD
.harleston& W0
23465 388'6=44
28:95 =:=':686
27=A5 39A'644A
2==:5 88:'979A
2:685 E9E'EAA8
2=685 3=7'7494
2=695 98E'A876
23635 AA='39A9
2A6:5 E:6'4848
276E5 :3E'=:64
2:695 AAE'AAEE
2:6A5 8E6'E6A3
23695 :33'A868
296E5 E97'::83
2E675 3:7'=:E3
2E4:5 3=8'7:94
2:4A5 A39'33:6
29645 ==9'4:73
286E5 8AA':=:8
2=6=5 =83'A743
236:5 :7='E7::
2E635 A7:'E74A
2:=45 839'9:A8
2=8=5 3=='6:94
2E465 :38'E997
284A5 =9:':74E
296:5 =86':E3A
2:635 769':=8A
2:=885
2A965 888'AE34
236E5 A34'3E44
23::85
276:5 :AE'93:6
286=5 E38'3E=4
2E8:'=9E=5
23865 :76'3EA8
23=8=5
23865 389'4:8AG
4:8E 2:7335
28495 E=3'=986
2=98:5
28465 :A4'9746
2=:=5 EE6'A834
23495 ::A'=:34
27345 =AE'E:36
2=6:5 8A3'7467
29485 39E':A88
2E6E5 37='AA6:
2A4E5 AE=':7A=
OSHA9Appro,ed Safet and Health ;lans
Alas0a
*laska e$artment of ?a"or
and Workforce e%elo$ment
.ommissioner 274=5 E9:'3=44 Fax1 274=5 E9:'
3=8E
Program irector 274=5 397'E74E
Fax1 274=5 397'E76:
AriFona
Dndustrial .ommission of *rizona
irector& D.*29435 :E3'EE66 Fax1 29435 :E3'
696E
Program irector 29435 :E3':=7:
Fax1 29435 :E3'696E
California
.alifornia e$artment of Dndustrial Relations
irector 2E6:5 =4A':4:4 Fax12E6:5 =4A':66E
.hief 2E6:5 =4A':644 Fax1 2E6:5 =4A':66E
+anager& .alG)SH* Program )ffice
2E6:5 =4A':6== Fax1 2E6:5 =4A':66E
Connecticut
.onnecticut e$artment of ?a"or
.ommissioner 28945 :99':63A Fax1 28945 :99'
6:34
.onn')SH* irector 28945 :99'E::4
Fax1 28945 :99'9769
Ha.aii
Hawaii e$artment of ?a"or
and Dndustrial Relations
irector 28485 :89'88EE Fax1 28485 :89'7477
*dministrator 28485 :89'7669 Fax1 28485 :89'
764E
Indiana
Dndiana e$artment of ?a"or
.ommissioner 2A6=5 3A3'3A=8 Fax1 2A6=5 3AA'
A=74
e$ut, .ommissioner 2A6=5 3A3'AA3:
Fax1 2A6=5 3AA'A=74
Io.a
Dowa i%ision of ?a"or
.ommissioner 2:6:5 386'9EA3 Fax1 2:6:5 386'
E978
*dministrator 2:6:5 386'AE97 Fax1 2:6:5 386'
=77:
Hentuc0
Jentuck, ?a"or .a"inet
Secretar, 2:435 :9E'A4=4 Fax1 2:435 :9E':A8=
Federal'State .oordinator 2:435 :9E'A4=4
#arland
+ar,land i%ision of ?a"or and Dndustr,
.ommissioner 2E645 =9='3777 Fax1 2E645 =9='
3A44
e$ut, .ommissioner 2E645 =9='3773
Fax1 =9='344A
*ssistant .ommissioner& +)SH 2E645 =9='336:
Fax1 =9='344A
#ichi$an
+ichigan e$artment of .onsumer
and Dndustr, Ser%ices
irector 2:6=5 A33'686E Fax1 2:6=5A33'6==:
#innesota
+innesota e$artment of ?a"or and Dndustr,
.ommissioner 29:65 379'3AE3 Fax1 29:65 383'
:E4:
*ssistant .ommissioner 29:65 379'9:37
Fax1 29:65 383':37A
*dministrati%e irector& )SH* +anagement
Team
29:65 383':==3 Fax1 29:65 37='3:3=
8e,ada
Ne%ada i%ision of Dndustrial Relations
*dministrator 2==:5 98='A4A3 Fax1 2==:5 98='
9A4:
.hief *dministrati%e )fficer 2=435 E89'74EE
Fax12=435 774'4A:8
M?as 0egas 2=435 98=':3E4N
8e. Ierse
New @erse, e$artment of ?a"or
.ommissioner 29475 373'37=: Fax1 29475 9AA'
73=6
*ssistant .ommissioner 29475 373'3A6A
Fax1 29475 6A6E
Program irector& PE)SH 29475 373'A73A
Fax1 29475 373'EE47
8e. #exico
New +exico En%ironment e$artment
Secretar, 2:4:5 83='38:4 Fax1 2:4:5 83='38A9
.hief 2:4:5 83='E3A4 Fax1 2:4:5 83='EE33
8e. Jor0
New <ork e$artment of ?a"or
*cting .ommissioner 2:685 E:='3=E6
Fax1 2:685 E:='9748
i%ision irector 2:685 E:='A:68
Fax1 2:685 E:='9748
ext(3E4
Fax1 2:435 :9E'6983
8orth Carolina
North .arolina e$artment of ?a"or
.ommissioner 27675 84='3744 Fax1 27675 84='38::
e$ut, .ommissioner& )SH irector
27675 84='3896 Fax1 27675 84='38::
)SH *ssistant irector 27675 84='389A
Fax127675 84='38:9
)regon
)regon )ccu$ational Safet, and Health i%ision
*dministrator 2:4A5 A=8'A3=3 Fax1 2:4A5 7E='=E96
e$ut, *dministrator for Polic, 2:4A5 A=8'A3=3
Fax1 2:4A5 7E='=E96
e$ut, *dministrator for )$erations 2:4A5
A=8'A3=3 Fax1 2:4A5 7E='=E96
;uerto +ico
Puerto Rico e$artment of ?a"or
and Human Resources
Secretar, 2=8=5 =:E'3667 Fax1 2=8=5 =:A'7::4
*ssistant Secretar, for )ccu$ational Safet,
and Health
2=8=5 =:9'6644& 6649 G =:E'36=6
Fax1 2=8=5 =9='94:6
e$ut, irector for )ccu$ational Safet, and Health
2=8=5 =:9'6644& 6649 G =:E'3688
Fax1 2=8=5 =9='94:6
South Carolina
South .arolina e$artment of ?a"or& ?icensing&
and Regulation
irector 284A5 879'EA44 Fax1 284A5 879'EA7A
Program irector 284A5 =AE'79EE
Fax1 284A5 =AE'7==3
/ennessee
Tennessee e$artment of ?a"or
.ommissioner 296:5 =E6'3:83 Fax1 296:5 =E6':4=8
*cting Program irector 296:5 =E6'3=7A
Fax1 296:5 =E6'AA3:
Utah
>tah ?a"or .ommission
.ommissioner 28465 :A4'9746 Fax1 28465 :A4'=749
*dministrator 28465 :A4'9878 Fax1 28465 :A4'9A74
Der!ont
0ermont e$artment of ?a"or and Dndustr,
.ommissioner 28435 838'3388 Fax1 28435 838'3=E8
ProBect +anager 28435 838'3=9:
Fax1 28435 838'367:
Dir$in Islands
0irgin Dslands e$artment of ?a"or
*cting .ommissioner 2AE45 ==A'6774
Fax1 2AE45 ==A'68:8
Program irector 2AE45 ==3'6A6:
Fax1 2AE45 ==3'EA3A
Dir$inia
0irginia e$artment of ?a"or and Dndustr,
.ommissioner 284E5 =89'3A== Fax1 284E5 A=6'9:3E
irector& )ffice of ?egal Su$$ort 284E5 =89'78=A
Fax1 284E5 =89'8E68
<ashin$ton
Washington e$artment of ?a"or and Dndustries
irector 2A945 743'E344 Fax1 2A945 743'E343
*ssistant irector MP) #ox EE944N 2A945 743':E7:
Fax1 2A945 743'::37
Program +anager& Federal'State )$erations
MP) #ox EE944N
2A945 743':EA4 Fax1 2A945 743'::37
<o!in$
W,oming e$artment of Em$lo,ment
Safet, *dministrator 2A4=5 ==='==89
Fax1 2A4=5 ==='A9E9
OSHA Onsite Consultation Offices
Alaba!a
234:5 AE8'A4AA
8ebras0a
2E435 E=6'E=6=
234:5 AE8'A4E7 F*K
Alas0a
274=5 397'E7:=
274=5 397'E7:4 F*K
AriFona
29435 :E3'697:
29435 :E3'696EF*K
Ar0ansas
2:465 983'E:33
2:465 983'E:A3 F*K
California
2E6:5 =4A':3=4
2E6:5 =4A'E:79 F*K
Colorado
27=45 E76'96:6
27=45 E76'===8 F*K
Connecticut
28945 :99'E::4
28945 :99'9769 F*K
Aela.are
2A435 =96'8367
2A435 =96'9946 F*K
Aistrict of Colu!bia
23435 :=9'9AA7
23435 :=9'=:=7 F*K
Florida
Phone1 86A'7=E'7793
/eorgia
2E4E5 87E'39EA
2E4E5 87E'83=: F*K
Geor$ia
2E4E5 87E'39EA
2E4E5 87E'83=: F*K
Gua!
466 29=65 E=:'46A9
466 29=65 E=='3788 F*K
Ha.aii
28485 :89'7644
28485 :89'7477 F*K
Idaho
23485 E39'A38A
23485 E39'EE66 F*K
Illinois
2A635 86E'3AA=
2A635 86E'=3A8 F*K
Indiana
2A6=5 3A3'3988
2E435 E=6':4A7 F*K
8e,ada
2=435 E89'76E4
2=435 774'4A93 F*K
8e. Ha!pshire
294A5 3=6'343E
294A5 3=6'399= F*K
8e. Ierse
29475 373'A73A
29475 373'EE47 F*K
8e. #exico
2:4:5 83='E3A4
2:4:5 83='EE33 F*K
8e. Jor0
2:685 E:='33A8
2:685 E:='AE:E F*K
8orth Carolina
27675 84='374:
27675 84='3743 F*K
8orth Aa0ota
2=465 A38':688
2=465 A38':344 F*K
Ohio
6'844'383'6E3: or 96E'9EE'39A6
96E'9EE'A6AA F*K
O0laho!a
2E4:5 :38'6:44
2E4:5 :38':=:6 F*K
Ore$on
2:4A5 A=8'A3=3
2:4A5 A=8':=37 F*K
;ennsl,ania
2=3E5 A:='3A79
2=3E5 A:='3A8: F*K
;uerto +ico
2=8=5 =:E'36=6
2=8=5 =9='94:6 F*K
+hode Island
2E465 333'3EA8
2E465 333'3E:9 F*K
South Carolina
284A5 =AE'796E
284A5 =AE'7=E6 F*K
South Aa0ota
294:5 988'E646
294:5 988'9374 F*K
2A6=5 3A3'A=74 F*K
Io.a
2:6:5 386'=937
2:6:5 386'::33 F*K
Hansas
2=8:5 379'=E=9
2=8:5 379'6==: F*K
Hentuc0
2:435 :9E'987:
2:435 :9E'964A F*K
7ouisiana
233:5 AE3'7946
233:5 AE3':6:8 F*K
#aine
234=5 93E'9E94
234=5 93E'9EE7 F*K
#arland
2E645 884'E7=4
2A465 E8A'8AA3 F*K
#assachusetts
296=5 =3='A783
296=5 =3='E:86 F*K
#ichi$an
2:6=5 A33'6847
2:6=5 A33'6A=E F*K
#innesota
29635 37='3A7A
29635 37='67:A F*K
#ississippi
29465 78='A786
29465 78='A874 F*K
#issouri
2:=A5 =:6'AE4A
2:=A5 =:6'A=36 F*K
#ontana
2E495 EEE'9E68
2E495 EEE'E6E4 F*K
/ennessee
296:5 =E6'=4A9
296:5 :A3'377= F*K
/exas
2:635 84E'E9E4
2:635 84E'E9E6 F*K
)SH.)N Re-uest ?ine1 844'98='=484
Utah
28465 :A4'9746
28465 :A4'9773 F*K
Der!ont
28435 838'3=9:
28435 838'367: F*K
Dir$inia
284E5 =89'9A:7
284E5 =89'8E68 F*K
Dir$in Islands
2AE45 ==3'6A6:
2AE45 ==3'EA3A F*K
<ashin$ton
2A945 743':9A8
2A945 743':E:7 F*K
<est Dir$inia
2A4E5 ::8'=874
2A4E5 ::8'7=66 F*K
<isconsin *Health-
29485 399'8:=7
29485 399'7A8A F*K
<isconsin *Safet-
23935 :3A'A4E4 6'844'7E='4::A
23935 :3A'A4E9 F*K
<o!in$
2A4=5 ==='==89
2A4=5 ==='A9E9 F*K
Index
The following is a guide to the FSafet, Standards for Scaffolds >sed in the .onstruction Dndustr,F
Standard1
*ccess 6739(E:62e5
*dBusta"le scaffolds
Su$$orted See self'contained adBusta"le
Sus$ended See sus$ension scaffolds
*erial lifts 6739(E:A
*NSD standards& aerial lifts *$$endix .
*erial lift controls 6739(E:A2"5235
*erial lift electrical testing 6739(E:A2"52A5
*erial lift& h,draulic lines 6739(E:A2"52E5
*erial lift& welding 6739(E:A2"52:5
#anding& steel or $lastic 6739(E:62g52E52xiii5
#arricades 6739(E:62h52352i5
#ase $lates 6739(E:62c5235
#oatswainsC chairs 6739(E:32o52A5'2=5
#raking de%ice 6739(E:62d52695
#rickla,ing 6739(E:62g52652%i5
#rickla,ersC s-uare scaffolds 6739(E:32e5
.ano$ies 6739(E:62h52352%5 and 2A5
.a$acit,& scaffold 6739(E:62a5265 and 2d5265
.a$acit,& ro$e 6739(E:62a52A5
.ar$entersC "racket scaffolds 6739(E:32g5
.atenar, scaffolds 6739(E:32r5
.oatings 6739(E:62"5275
.om$etent $erson
.om$onents
Erectors and dismantlers
/eneral
Dns$ections
Sus$ension scaffolds
6739(E:62"52645
and 2"52665
6739(E:62g5235
and E:E2"5
6739(E:62f52=5
6739(E:62d52645
and 2f52A5 and
2g52E52xi%5
6739(E:62d52A52i5
and 2d52685
Training 6739(E:E2"5
.orrosi%es 6739(E:62f52665
.ounterweights 6739(E:62d52ii5 to 2i%5
.rawling "oards 2chicken ladders5 6739(E:32m5
.ross"racing 6739(E:62e52752i%5 and 2g52E52x%5
e"ris 6739(E:62f526A5
ecks 6739(E:62"5265
ecoratorsC scaffolds 6739(E:32d5
eflection 6739(E:62f52695
ifferent com$onents 6739(E:62"52645 and 2665
ismantlers 6739(E:62e5275 and 2g5235 and *$$endix
Engineer 6739(E:62d52A52i5 and 2f52:5 6739(E:32a52645 and 2"52645 and 2c52:5
and 2c5295
Erectors 6739(E:62e5275 and 2g5235 and *$$endix
Extend o%er ends 6739(E:62"52:5
Fa"ricated frame scaffolds 6739(E:32c5
False car 2ele%ator5 6739(E:42"5 and (E:62a5 to 2"5 and 2d5 to 2h5 and (E:E& 2Ref1FR 0ol(
96& No( 6=4 8GA4G79& $( E9438(5
Fall arrest s,stems 6739(E:62g5265 and 2A5
Fall $rotection 6739(E:62g5
Float 2shi$5 scaffolds 6739(E:3 2safet, and health $rograms5
Footing 6739(E:62c5235
Form scaffolds 6739(E:32g5
Front edge 6739(E:62"52A5
/ra" lines 6739(E:62g52652iii5
/uardrails 6739(E:62g52E5 and 2h52352i%5
/u,s 6739(E:62c5265
Horizontal& lifelines 6739(E:62g52A52ii5& 2iii5& 2i%5
Horizontal& lifelines on one 6739(E:62g52A52iii5& or two'$oint scaffolds 2i%5
Horse scaffolds 6739(E:32f5
Dnterior hung scaffolds 6739(E:32t5 and *$$endix * 2352t5
Dns$ections 6739(E:62d52645 and 2f52A5 and 2g52E52xi%5
?adders 6739(E:62e5235 and 2f526:5
?adders& "uilt'in 6739(E:62e5295
?adder Back scaffolds 6739(E:32k5
?adder trucks 6739(E:A2"5265
?arge area scaffolds 6739(E:32d5
?ifeline 6739(E:62g52A52i5 to 2i%5
?oad 6739(E:42"5 and (E:62a5
?oad carr,ing mem"ers 6739(E:62a5265 and *$$endix * 2652a5
+asonsC multi'$oint sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:32-5
+idrails 6739(E:62g52E52ix5 and 2xi%5
+o"ile scaffolds 6739(E:32w5 and *$$endix * 2352z5
+o%ing 6739(E:62f52=5
+ud sills 6739(E:62c5235
+ulti'le%el sus$ended scaffolds 6739(E:32%5
+ulti'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:32-5
Needle "eam scaffolds 6739(E:32u5
Oualified $erson
.om$onent construction
esign
?oading
Single'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension& rigging
Swaged
Two $oint adBusta"le sus$ension& $latforms
Training
6739(E:62a5295
6739(E:62a5295
6739(E:62a5295
6739(E:32o52352i5
6739(E:62d52665
6739(E:32$5265
6739(E:E2a5
)utrigger "eams 6739(E:62d52A52%i5& 2%iii5& and 2E52%5
)utrigger scaffolds 6739(E:32l5
)%erla$ 6739(E:62"52=5
Planking 6739(E:62"5 and *$$endix *2652"5 and 2c5
PlastersC scaffolds 6739(E:32d5
Platforms 6739(E:62"5 and 2c52352i%5 and 2d52675 and 2f526E5
Platform $lanking 6739(E:62"5265 to 275
Platform scaffolds 6739(E:32n5
Pole scaffolds 6739(E:32a5
Powerlines 6739(E:62f5295
Pum$ Back scaffolds 6739(E:32B5 and *$$endix
Ram$s 6739(E:62e52:52i5 to 2iii5
Re$air 6739(E:62f52E5
Re$air "racket scaffolds 6739(E:32x5
Re$lacement 6739(E:62f52E5
Ro$es
rum hoist
Dns$ection
@oined
Re$aired
Sus$ension
Thim"les
Tie"acks
S$liced e,e
Swag
6739(E:62d5295
6739(E:62d52645
6739(E:62d5285
6739(E:62d52=5
6739(E:62a52A5 and 2E5 and 2f52645
6739(E:62d5275
6739(E:62d52:52i%5
6739(E:62d52665
6739(E:62d52665
Roof "racket scaffolds 6739(E:32h5
Roof hooks& irons 6739(E:62d52:5
Roof truss 6739(E:32g5 and (E:42"5
Self'contained adBusta"le 6739(E:42a5& FR 0ol( 96& No(6=4& 8GA4G79& $E94:=
SingleP$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:62a5& 2d5& 2f5& 2g52652i5& 2ii5& 2i%5& 2g52A5& 2E5& 2h5& and (E:32o5
Sli$ resistant finishes 6739(E:62"5275
Stall load 6739(E:42"5& (E:62a5235 and 2a52E5 and 2a52:5
Ste$ ladder scaffolds 6739(E:32n5
Stilts 6739(E:32,5
StonesettersC multi'$oint sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:32-5
Su$$orted scaffolds 6739(E:42"5& and (E:62a5&2c5&2e5&2f5&2g5& 2h5& and (E:E
Sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:6 2a5& 2d5& 2e5& 2f5& 2g52652i5& 2ii5& 2i%5& 2g52A5& 2E5& 2h5& and (
E:32o5'2-5& 2s5& 2t5& 2%5& 2x5
Tag lines 6739(E:62f5275
Tie"acks 6739(E:62d52A52%ii5& 2ix5& 2x5 and 2:52iii5& 2i%5
Tie'ins 6739(E:62c5265 and 2d52685
Ti$$ing 6739(E:62c5265
Toe"oards 6739(E:62h5265& 2352ii5&2iii5 ! 2E5
Tower trucks 6739(E:A2"5265
Training 6739(E:E
Trestle ladder scaffolds 6739(E:32n5
Tu"e and cou$ler scaffolds 6739(E:32"5
Two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:62a5& 2d5& 2e5& 2f5& 2g52652i5& 2ii5& 2i%5& 2g52A5&2E5& 2h5& and (E:32$5
! (E:E
0ertical lifelines 6739(E:62g52A52i5& 2i%5
Walkwa,s 6739(E:62e52:52i5 to 2iii5
Weather 6739(E:62f5285 and 2635
Welding from sus$ension scaffolds 6739(E:62f526=5
Wire ro$e cli$s 6739(E:62d52635
Window Back scaffolds 6739(E:32l5
Construction Focused Inspection Guidelines
This guideline is to assist the com$liance officer to determine if there is an effecti%e $roBect $lan to
-ualif, for a Focused Dns$ection(

<ESGN)
;+OIEC/ SAFE/J A8A HEA7/H COO+AI8A/IO8B Are there procedures in place b the $eneral
contractor: pri!e contractor: or other such entit to ensure that all e!ploers pro,ide ade1uate
protection for their e!ploees=

Is there a AESIG8A/EA CO#;E/E8/ ;E+SO8 responsible for the i!ple!entation and !onitorin$
of the proCect safet and health plan .ho is capable of identifin$ existin$ and predictable haFards
and has authorit to ta0e pro!pt correcti,e !easures=

;+OIEC/ SAFE/J A8A HEA7/H ;+OG+A#K;7A8L that co!plies .ith &3)4 Subpart C and
addresses: based upon the siFe and co!plexit of the proCect: the follo.in$B

QQQQQQQQQQQProBect Safet, *nal,sis at initiation and at critical stages that descri"es the se-uence&
$rocedures& and res$onsi"le indi%iduals for safe construction(
QQQQQQQQQQQDdentification of workGacti%ities re-uiring $lanning& design& ins$ection& or su$er%ision
", an engineer& com$etent $erson& or other $rofessional(
QQQQQQQQQQQE%aluation monitoring of su"contractors to determine conformance with the ProBect Plan(
2The ProBect Plan ma, include& or "e utilized ", su"contractors(5
QQQQQQQQQQQSu$er%isor and em$lo,ee training according to the ProBect Plan including recognition&
re$orting& and a%oidance of hazards& and a$$lica"le standards(
QQQQQQQQQQQProcedures for controlling hazardous o$erations such as1 cranes& scaffolding& trenches&
confined s$aces& hot work& ex$losi%es& hazardous materials& leading edges& etc(
QQQQQQQQQQQocumentation of1 training& $ermits& hazard re$orts& ins$ections& uncorrected hazards&
incidents& and near misses(
QQQQQQQQQQQEm$lo,ee in%ol%ement in the hazard1 anal,sis& $re%ention& a%oidance& correction& and
re$orting(
QQQQQQQQQQQProBect emergenc, res$onse $lan(
I F)R EK*+P?ES& SEE )WNER *N .)NTR*.T)R *SS).D*TD)N +)E? PR)/R*+S& *NSD
*64(AA& *64(A8& ET.(
/he .al0around and inter,ie.s confir!ed that the ;lan has been i!ple!ented: includin$B
QQQQQQQQQQQThe four leading hazards are addressed1 falls& struck ",& caught inR"etween&
electrical(
QQQQQQQQQQQHazards are identified and corrected with $re%entati%e measures instituted in
a timel, manner(
QQQQQQQQQQQEm$lo,ees and su$er%isors are knowledgea"le of the $roBect safet, and health $lan&
a%oidance of hazards& a$$lica"le standards& and their rights and res$onsi"ilities(
/HE ;+OIEC/ QUA7IFIEA FO+ A FOCUSEA I8S;EC/IO85
+e$ulator /ext
;A+/ &3)4 99 MA#E8AEAN
6( Su"$art ? of Part 6739 is re%ised to read as follows1
SU";A+/ 7 99 SCAFFO7AS
Sec(
6739(E:4 Sco$e& *$$lication& and efinitions *$$lica"le to this Su"$art 6739(E:6 /eneral
Re-uirements
6739(E:3 *dditional Re-uirements *$$lica"le to S$ecific T,$es of Scaffolds
6739(E:A *erial ?ifts
6739(E:E Training
*$$endix * to Su"$art ? '' Scaffolds
*$$endix # to Su"$art ? '' Scaffolds
*$$endix . to Su"$art ? '' Scaffolds
*$$endix to Su"$art ? '' Scaffolds
*$$endix E to Su"$art ? '' Scaffolds
*uthorit,1 Section 64=& Contract 6or7 Hours and Safety Standards Act 2.onstruction Safet, *ct5
2E4 >(S(.( AAA5; Secs( E& 9& 8& Occupational Safety and Health Act of 67=4 237 >(S(.( 9:A& 9::&
9:=5; Secretar, of ?a"orCs )rder No( 6'74 2:: FR 74AA5;and 37 .FR Part 6766(
SU";A+/ 7 99 SCAFFO7AS
2&3)456'( Scope: application and definitions applicable to this Subpart5
2a5 Scope and application5 This su"$art a$$lies to all scaffolds used in work$laces co%ered ",
this Part( Dt does not a$$l, to crane or derrick sus$ended $ersonnel $latforms& which are co%ered
", S6739(::42g5( The criteria for aerial lifts are set out exclusi%el, in S6739(E:A(
2"5 Aefinitions( F*dBusta"le sus$ension scaffoldF means a sus$ension scaffold e-ui$$ed with a
hoist2s5 that can "e o$erated ", an em$lo,ee2s5 on the scaffold(
F#earer 2$utlog5F means a horizontal trans%erse scaffold mem"er 2which ma, "e su$$orted ",
ledgers or runners5 u$on which the scaffold $latform rests and which Boins scaffold u$rights&
$osts& $oles& and similar mem"ers(
F#oatswainsC chairF means a single'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold consisting of a seat or
sling designed to su$$ort one em$lo,ee in a sitting $osition(
F#od, "elt 2safet, "elt5F means a stra$ with means "oth for securing it a"out the waist and for
attaching it to a lan,ard& lifeline& or deceleration de%ice(
F#od, harnessF means a design of stra$s which ma, "e secured a"out the em$lo,ee in a manner
to distri"ute the fall arrest forces o%er at least the thighs& $el%is& waist& chest and shoulders& with
means for attaching it to other com$onents of a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem(
F#raceF means a rigid connection that holds one scaffold mem"er in a fixed $osition with res$ect
to another mem"er& or to a "uilding or structure(
F#rickla,ersC s-uare scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold com$osed of framed s-uares which
su$$ort a $latform(
F.ar$entersC "racket scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform su$$orted ",
"rackets attached to "uilding or structural walls(
F.atenar, scaffoldF means a sus$ension scaffold consisting of a $latform su$$orted ", two
essentiall, horizontal and $arallel ro$es attached to structural mem"ers of a "uilding or other
structure( *dditional su$$ort ma, "e $ro%ided ", %ertical $icku$s(
F.himne, hoistF means a multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold used to $ro%ide access to
work inside chimne,s( 2See F+ulti'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffoldF(5
F.leatF means a structural "lock used at the end of a $latform to $re%ent the $latform from
sli$$ing off its su$$orts( .leats are also used to $ro%ide footing on slo$ed surfaces such as
crawling "oards(
F.om$etent $ersonF means one who is ca$a"le of identif,ing existing and $redicta"le hazards in
the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitar,& hazardous& or dangerous to
em$lo,ees& and who has authorization to take $rom$t correcti%e measures to eliminate them(
F.ontinuous run scaffoldF 2Run scaffold5 means a two'$oint or multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension
scaffold constructed using a series of interconnected "raced scaffold mem"ers or su$$orting
structures erected to form a continuous scaffold(
F.ou$lerF means a de%ice for locking together the tu"es of a tu"e and cou$ler scaffold(
F.rawling "oard 2chicken ladder5F means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $lank with cleats
s$aced and secured to $ro%ide footing& for use on slo$ed surfaces such as roofs(
Feceleration de%iceF means an, mechanism& such as a ro$e gra"& ri$'stitch lan,ard&
s$eciall,wo%en lan,ard& tearing or deforming lan,ard& or automatic self'retracting lifeline lan,ard&
which dissi$ates a su"stantial amount of energ, during a fall arrest or limits the energ, im$osed
on an em$lo,ee during fall arrest(
Fou"le $ole 2inde$endent $ole5 scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform2s5
resting on cross "eams 2"earers5 su$$orted ", ledgers and a dou"le row of u$rights inde$endent
of su$$ort 2exce$t ties& gu,s& "races5 from an, structure(
FE-ui%alentF means alternati%e designs& materials or methods to $rotect against a hazard which
the em$lo,er can demonstrate will $ro%ide an e-ual or greater degree of safet, for em$lo,ees
than the methods& materials or designs s$ecified in the standard(
FE,eF or FE,e S$liceF means a loo$ with or without a thim"le at the end of a wire ro$e(
FEx$osed $ower linesF means electrical $ower lines which are accessi"le to em$lo,ees and
which are not shielded from contact( Such lines do not include extension cords or $ower tool
cords(
FFa"ricated decking and $lankingF means manufactured $latforms made of wood 2including
laminated wood& and solid sawn wood $lanks5& metal or other materials(
FFa"ricated frame scaffold 2tu"ular welded frame scaffold5F means a scaffold consisting of a
$latform2s5 su$$orted on fa"ricated end frames with integral $osts& horizontal "earers& and
intermediate mem"ers(
FFailureF means load refusal& "reakage& or se$aration of com$onent $arts( ?oad refusal is the
$oint where the ultimate strength is exceeded(
FFloat 2shi$5 scaffoldF means a sus$ension scaffold consisting of a "raced $latform resting on two
$arallel "earers and hung from o%erhead su$$orts ", ro$es of fixed length(
FForm scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform su$$orted ", "rackets
attached to formwork(
F/uardrail s,stemF means a %ertical "arrier& consisting of& "ut not limited to& to$rails& midrails& and
$osts& erected to $re%ent em$lo,ees from falling off a scaffold $latform or walkwa, to lower le%els(
FHoistF means a manual or $ower'o$erated mechanical de%ice to raise or lower a sus$ended
scaffold(
FHorse scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform su$$orted ", construction
horses 2saw horses5( Horse scaffolds constructed of metal are sometimes known as trestle
scaffolds(
FDnde$endent $ole scaffoldF 2see Fou"le $ole scaffoldF5(
FDnterior hung scaffoldF means a sus$ension scaffold consisting of a $latform sus$ended from the
ceiling or roof structure ", fixed length su$$orts(
F?adder Back scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform resting on "rackets
attached to ladders(
F?adder standF means a mo"ile& fixed'size& selfsu$$orting ladder consisting of a wide flat tread
ladder in the form of stairs(
F?andingF means a $latform at the end of a flight of stairs(
F?arge area scaffoldF means a $ole scaffold& tu"e and cou$ler scaffold& s,stems scaffold& or
fa"ricated frame scaffold erected o%er su"stantiall, the entire work area( For exam$le1 a scaffold
erected o%er the entire floor area of a room(
F?ean'to scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold which is ke$t erect ", tilting it toward and resting it
against a "uilding or structure( F?ifelineF means a com$onent consisting of a flexi"le line that
connects to an anchorage at one end to hang %erticall, 2%ertical lifeline5& or that connects to
anchorages at "oth ends to stretch horizontall, 2horizontal lifeline5& and which ser%es as a means
for connecting other com$onents of a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem to the anchorage(
F?ower le%elsF means areas "elow the le%el where the em$lo,ee is located and to which an
em$lo,ee can fall( Such areas include& "ut are not limited to& ground le%els& floors& roofs& ram$s&
runwa,s& exca%ations& $its& tanks& materials& water& and e-ui$ment(
F+asonsC adBusta"le su$$orted scaffoldF 2see FSelf'contained adBusta"le scaffoldF5(
F+asonsC multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffoldF means a continuous run sus$ension scaffold
designed and used for masonr, o$erations(
F+aximum intended loadF means the total load of all $ersons& e-ui$ment& tools& materials&
transmitted loads& and other loads reasona"l, antici$ated to "e a$$lied to a scaffold or scaffold
com$onent at an, one time( F+o"ile scaffoldF means a $owered or un$owered& $orta"le& caster or
wheel'mounted su$$orted scaffold(
F+ulti'le%el sus$ended scaffoldF means a two$oint or multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold
with a series of $latforms at %arious le%els resting on common stirru$s(
F+ulti'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffoldF means a sus$ension scaffold consisting of a
$latform2s5 which is sus$ended ", more than two ro$es from o%erhead su$$orts and e-ui$$ed
with means to raise and lower the $latform to desired work le%els( Such scaffolds include chimne,
hoists(
FNeedle "eam scaffoldF means a $latform sus$ended from needle "eams( F)$en sides and endsF
means the edges of a $latform that are more than 6E inches 2A9 cm5 awa, horizontall, from a
sturd,& continuous& %ertical surface 2such as a "uilding wall5 or a sturd,& continuous horizontal
surface 2such as a floor5& or a $oint of access( Exce$tion1 For $lastering and lathing o$erations
the horizontal threshold distance is 68 inches 2E9 cm5(
F)utriggerF means the structural mem"er of a su$$orted scaffold used to increase the "ase width
of a scaffold in order to $ro%ide su$$ort for and increased sta"ilit, of the scaffold(
F)utrigger "eam 2Thrustout5F means the structural mem"er of a sus$ension scaffold or outrigger
scaffold which $ro%ides su$$ort for the scaffold ", extending the scaffold $oint of attachment to a
$oint out and awa, from the structure or "uilding(
F)utrigger scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform resting on outrigger
"eams 2thrustouts5 $roBecting "e,ond the wall or face of the "uilding or structure& the in"oard
ends of which are secured inside the "uilding or structure(
F)%erhand "rickla,ingF means the $rocess of la,ing "ricks and masonr, units such that the
surface of the wall to "e Bointed is on the o$$osite side of the wall from the mason& re-uiring the
mason to lean o%er the wall to com$lete the work( Dt includes mason tending and electrical
installation incor$orated into the "rick wall during the o%erhand "rickla,ing $rocess(
FPersonal fall arrest s,stemF means a s,stem used to arrest an em$lo,eeCs fall( Dt consists of an
anchorage& connectors& a "od, "elt or "od, harness and ma, include a lan,ard& deceleration
de%ice& lifeline& or com"inations of these(
FPlatformF means a work surface ele%ated a"o%e lower le%els( Platforms can "e constructed
using indi%idual wood $lanks& fa"ricated $lanks& fa"ricated decks& and fa"ricated $latforms(
FPole scaffoldF 2see definitions for FSingle'$ole scaffoldF and Fou"le 2inde$endent5 $ole
scaffoldF5(
FPower o$erated hoistF means a hoist which is $owered ", other than human energ,(
FPum$ Back scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform su$$orted ", %ertical
$oles and mo%a"le su$$ort "rackets(
FOualifiedF means one who& ", $ossession of a recognized degree& certificate& or $rofessional
standing& or who ", extensi%e knowledge& training& and ex$erience& has successfull,
demonstrated hisG her a"ilit, to sol%e or resol%e $ro"lems related to the su"Bect matter& the work&
or the $roBect(
FRated loadF means the manufacturerCs s$ecified maximum load to "e lifted ", a hoist or to "e
a$$lied to a scaffold or scaffold com$onent(
FRe$air "racket scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform su$$orted ",
"rackets which are secured in $lace around the circumference or $erimeter of a chimne,& stack&
tank or other su$$orting structure ", one or more wire ro$es $laced around the su$$orting
structure(
FRoof "racket scaffoldF means a roofto$ su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform resting on
angularsha$ed su$$orts(
FRunnerF 2ledger or ri""on5F means the lengthwise horizontal s$acing or "racing mem"er which
ma, su$$ort the "earers(
FScaffoldF means an, tem$orar, ele%ated $latform 2su$$orted or sus$ended5 and its su$$orting
structure 2including $oints of anchorage5& used for su$$orting em$lo,ees or materials or "oth(
FSelf'contained adBusta"le scaffoldF means a com"ination su$$orted and sus$ension scaffold
consisting of an adBusta"le $latform2s5 mounted on an inde$endent su$$orting frame2s5 not a $art
of the o"Bect "eing worked on& and which is e-ui$$ed with a means to $ermit the raising and
lowering of the $latform2s5( Such s,stems include rolling roof rigs& rolling outrigger s,stems& and
some masonsC adBusta"le su$$orted scaffolds(
FShore scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold which is $laced against a "uilding or structure and
held in $lace with $ro$s(
FSingle'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffoldF means a sus$ension scaffold consisting of a
$latform sus$ended ", one ro$e from an o%erhead su$$ort and e-ui$$ed with means to $ermit
the mo%ement of the $latform to desired work le%els(
FSingle'$ole scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform2s5 resting on "earers&
the outside ends of which are su$$orted on runners secured to a single row of $osts or u$rights&
and the inner ends of which are su$$orted on or in a structure or "uilding wall(
FStair tower 2Scaffold stairwa,Gtower5F means a tower com$rised of scaffold com$onents and
which contains internal stairwa, units and rest $latforms( These towers are used to $ro%ide
access to scaffold $latforms and other ele%ated $oints such as floors and roofs(
FStall loadF means the load at which the $rimemo%er of a $ower'o$erated hoist stalls or the $ower
to the $rime'mo%er is automaticall, disconnected(
FSte$& $latform& and trestle ladder scaffoldF means a $latform resting directl, on the rungs of ste$
ladders or trestle ladders(
FStiltsF means a $air of $oles or similar su$$orts with raised footrests& used to $ermit walking
a"o%e the ground or working surface(
FStonesettersC multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffoldF means a continuous run sus$ension
scaffold designed and used for stonesettersC o$erations(
FSu$$orted scaffoldF means one or more $latforms su$$orted ", outrigger "eams& "rackets&
$oles& legs& u$rights& $osts& frames& or similar rigid su$$ort(
FSus$ension scaffoldF means one or more $latforms sus$ended ", ro$es or other non'rigid
means from an o%erhead structure2s5(
FS,stem scaffoldF means a scaffold consisting of $osts with fixed connection $oints that acce$t
runners& "earers& and diagonals that can "e interconnected at $redetermined le%els(
FTank "uildersC scaffoldF means a su$$orted scaffold consisting of a $latform resting on "rackets
that are either directl, attached to a c,lindrical tank or attached to de%ices that are attached to
such a tank(
FTo$ $late "racket scaffoldF means a scaffold su$$orted ", "rackets that hook o%er or are
attached to the to$ of a wall( This t,$e of scaffold is similar to car$entersC "racket scaffolds and
form scaffolds and is used in residential construction for setting trusses(
FTu"e and cou$ler scaffoldF means a su$$orted or sus$ended scaffold consisting of a $latform2s5
su$$orted ", tu"ing& erected with cou$ling de%ices connecting u$rights& "races& "earers& and
runners(
FTu"ular welded frame scaffoldF 2see FFa"ricated frame scaffoldF5(
FTwo'$oint sus$ension scaffold 2swing stage5F means a sus$ension scaffold consisting of a
$latform su$$orted ", hangers 2stirru$s5 sus$ended ", two ro$es from o%erhead su$$orts and
e-ui$$ed with means to $ermit the raising and lowering of the $latform to desired work le%els(
F>nsta"le o"BectsF means items whose strength& configuration& or lack of sta"ilit, ma, allow them
to "ecome dislocated and shift and therefore ma, not $ro$erl, su$$ort the loads im$osed on
them( >nsta"le o"Bects do not constitute a safe "ase su$$ort for scaffolds& $latforms& or
em$lo,ees( Exam$les include& "ut are not limited to& "arrels& "oxes& loose "rick& and concrete
"locks(
F0ertical $icku$F means a ro$e used to su$$ort the horizontal ro$e in catenar, scaffolds(
FWalkwa,F means a $ortion of a scaffold $latform used onl, for access and not as a work le%el(
FWindow Back scaffoldF means a $latform resting on a "racket or Back which $roBects through a
window o$ening(
2&3)456'& General re1uire!ents5 This section does not a$$l, to aerial lifts& the criteria for which
are set out in S6739(E:A(
2a5 Capacit 265 Exce$t as $ro%ided in $aragra$hs 2a5235& 2a52A5& 2a52E5& 2a52:5 and 2g5 of this
section& each scaffold and scaffold com$onent shall "e ca$a"le of su$$orting& without failure& its
own weight and at least E times the maximum intended load a$$lied or transmitted to it(
235 irect connections to roofs and floors& and counterweights used to "alance adBusta"le
sus$ension scaffolds& shall "e ca$a"le of resisting at least E times the ti$$ing moment im$osed
", the scaffold o$erating at the rated load of the hoist& or 6(: 2minimum5 times the ti$$ing moment
im$osed ", the scaffold o$erating at the stall load of the hoist& whiche%er is greater(
2A5 Each sus$ension ro$e& including connecting hardware& used on non'adBusta"le sus$ension
scaffolds shall "e ca$a"le of su$$orting& without failure& at least 9 times the maximum intended
load a$$lied or transmitted to that ro$e(
2E5 Each sus$ension ro$e& including connecting hardware& used on adBusta"le sus$ension
scaffolds shall "e ca$a"le of su$$orting& without failure& at least 9 times the maximum intended
load a$$lied or transmitted to that ro$e with the scaffold o$erating at either the rated load of the
hoist& or 3 2minimum5 times the stall load of the hoist& whiche%er is greater(
2:5 The stall load of an, scaffold hoist shall not exceed A times its rated load(
295 Scaffolds shall "e designed ", a -ualified $erson and shall "e constructed and loaded in
accordance with that design( Non'mandator, *$$endix * to this su"$art contains exam$les of
criteria that will ena"le an em$lo,er to com$l, with $aragra$h 2a5 of this section(
2"5 Scaffold platfor! construction(
265 Each $latform on all working le%els of scaffolds shall "e full, $lanked or decked "etween the
front u$rights and the guardrail su$$orts as follows1
2i5 Each $latform unit 2e(g(& scaffold $lank& fa"ricated $lank& fa"ricated deck& or fa"ricated
$latform5 shall "e installed so that the s$ace "etween adBacent units and the s$ace "etween the
$latform and the u$rights is no more than 6 inch 23(: cm5 wide& exce$t where the em$lo,er can
demonstrate that a wider s$ace is necessar, 2for exam$le& to fit around u$rights when side
"rackets are used to extend the width of the $latform5(
2ii5 Where the em$lo,er makes the demonstration $ro%ided for in $aragra$h 2"52652i5 of this
section& the $latform shall "e $lanked or decked as full, as $ossi"le and the remaining o$en
s$ace "etween the $latform and the u$rights shall not exceed 7 inches 23E(6 cm5(
Exce$tion to $aragra$h 2"52651 The re-uirement to $ro%ide full $lanking or decking does not a$$l,
to $latforms used solel, as walkwa,s or solel, ", em$lo,ees $erforming scaffold erection or
dismantling( Dn these situations& onl, the $lanking that the em$lo,er esta"lishes is necessar, to
$ro%ide safe working conditions is re-uired(
235 Exce$t as $ro%ided in $aragra$hs 2"52352i5 and 2"52352ii5 of this section& each scaffold $latform
and walkwa, shall "e at least 68 inches 2E9 cm5 wide(
2i5 Each ladder Back scaffold& to$ $late "racket scaffold& roof "racket scaffold& and $um$ Back
scaffold shall "e at least 63 inches 2A4 cm5 wide( There is no minimum width re-uirement for
"oatswainsC chairs(
2ii5 Where scaffolds must "e used in areas that the em$lo,er can demonstrate are so narrow that
$latforms and walkwa,s cannot "e at least 68 inches 2E9 cm5 wide& such $latforms and walkwa,s
shall "e as wide as feasi"le& and em$lo,ees on those $latforms and walkwa,s shall "e $rotected
from fall hazards ", the use of guardrails andGor $ersonal fall arrest s,stems(
2A5 Exce$t as $ro%ided in $aragra$hs 2"52A52i5 and 2ii5 of this section& the front edge of all
$latforms shall not "e more than 6E inches 2A9 cm5 from the face of the work& unless guardrail
s,stems are erected along the front edge andGor $ersonal fall arrest s,stems are used in
accordance with $aragra$h 2g5 of this section to $rotect em$lo,ees from falling(
2i5 The maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds shall "e A inches 28 cm5;
2ii5 The maximum distance from the face for $lastering and lathing o$erations shall "e 68 inches
2E9 cm5(
2E5 Each end of a $latform& unless cleated or otherwise restrained ", hooks or e-ui%alent means&
shall extend o%er the centerline of its su$$ort at least 9 inches 26: cm5(
2:5 2i5 Each end of a $latform 64 feet or less in length shall not extend o%er its su$$ort more than
63 inches 2A4 cm5 unless the $latform is designed and installed so that the cantile%ered $ortion of
the $latform is a"le to su$$ort em$lo,ees andGor materials without ti$$ing& or has guardrails
which "lock em$lo,ee access to the cantile%ered end(
2ii5 Each $latform greater than 64 feet in length shall not extend o%er its su$$ort more than 68
inches 2E9 cm5& unless it is designed and installed so that the cantile%ered $ortion of the $latform
is a"le to su$$ort em$lo,ees without ti$$ing& or has guardrails which "lock em$lo,ee access to
the cantile%ered end(
295 )n scaffolds where scaffold $lanks are a"utted to create a long $latform& each a"utted end
shall rest on a se$arate su$$ort surface( This $ro%ision does not $reclude the use of common
su$$ort mem"ers& such as FTF sections& to su$$ort a"utting $lanks& or hook on $latforms
designed to rest on common su$$orts(
2=5 )n scaffolds where $latforms are o%erla$$ed to create a long $latform& the o%erla$ shall occur
onl, o%er su$$orts& and shall not "e less than 63 inches 2A4 cm5 unless the $latforms are nailed
together or otherwise restrained to $re%ent mo%ement(
285 *t all $oints of a scaffold where the $latform changes direction& such as turning a corner& an,
$latform that rests on a "earer at an angle other than a right angle shall "e laid first& and
$latforms which rest at right angles o%er the same "earer shall "e laid second& on to$ of the first
$latform(
275 Wood $latforms shall not "e co%ered with o$a-ue finishes& exce$t that $latform edges ma, "e
co%ered or marked for identification( Platforms ma, "e coated $eriodicall, with wood
$reser%ati%es& fireretardant finishes& and sli$'resistant finishes; howe%er& the coating ma, not
o"scure the to$ or "ottom wood surfaces(
2645 Scaffold com$onents manufactured ", different manufacturers shall not "e intermixed unless
the com$onents fit together without force and the scaffoldCs structural integrit, is maintained ",
the user( Scaffold com$onents manufactured ", different manufacturers shall not "e modified in
order to intermix them unless a com$etent $erson determines the resulting scaffold is structurall,
sound(
2665 Scaffold com$onents made of dissimilar metals shall not "e used together unless a
com$etent $erson has determined that gal%anic action will not reduce the strength of an,
com$onent to a le%el "elow that re-uired ", $aragra$h 2a5265 of this section(
2c5 Criteria for supported scaffolds5
265 Su$$orted scaffolds with a height to "ase width 2including outrigger su$$orts& if used5 ratio of
more than four to one 2E165 shall "e restrained from ti$$ing ", gu,ing& t,ing& "racing& or e-ui%alent
means& as follows1
2i5 /u,s& ties& and "races shall "e installed at locations where horizontal mem"ers su$$ort "oth
inner and outer legs(
2ii5 /u,s& ties& and "races shall "e installed according to the scaffold manufacturerCs
recommendations or at the closest horizontal mem"er to the E16 height and "e re$eated %erticall,
at locations of horizontal mem"ers e%er, 34 feet 29(6 m5 or less thereafter for scaffolds A feet
24(76 m5 wide or less& and e%er, 39 feet 2=(7 m5 or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than A feet
24(76 m5 wide( The to$ gu,& tie or "race of com$leted scaffolds shall "e $laced no further than the
E16 height from the to$( Such gu,s& ties and "races shall "e installed at each end of the scaffold
and at horizontal inter%als not to exceed A4 feet 27(6 m5 2measured from one end Mnot "othN
towards the other5(
2iii5 Ties& gu,s& "races& or outriggers shall "e used to $re%ent the ti$$ing of su$$orted scaffolds in
all circumstances where an eccentric load& such as a cantile%ered work $latform& is a$$lied or is
transmitted to the scaffold(
235 Su$$orted scaffold $oles& legs& $osts& frames& and u$rights shall "ear on "ase $lates and mud
sills or other ade-uate firm foundation(
2i5 Footings shall "e le%el& sound& rigid& and ca$a"le of su$$orting the loaded scaffold without
settling or dis$lacement(
2ii5 >nsta"le o"Bects shall not "e used to su$$ort scaffolds or $latform units(
2iii5 >nsta"le o"Bects shall not "e used as working $latforms(
2i%5 Front'end loaders and similar $ieces of e-ui$ment shall not "e used to su$$ort scaffold
$latforms unless the, ha%e "een s$ecificall, designed ", the manufacturer for such use(
2%5 Fork'lifts shall not "e used to su$$ort scaffold $latforms unless the entire $latform is attached
to the fork and the fork'lift is not mo%ed horizontall, while the $latform is occu$ied(
2A5 Su$$orted scaffold $oles& legs& $osts& frames& and u$rights shall "e $lum" and "raced to
$re%ent swa,ing and dis$lacement(
2d5 Criteria for suspension scaffolds5
265 *ll sus$ension scaffold su$$ort de%ices& such as outrigger "eams& cornice hooks& $ara$et
clam$s& and similar de%ices& shall rest on surfaces ca$a"le of su$$orting at least E times the load
im$osed on them ", the scaffold o$erating at the rated load of the hoist 2or at least 6(: times the
load im$osed on them ", the scaffold at the stall ca$acit, of the hoist& whiche%er is greater5(
235 Sus$ension scaffold outrigger "eams& when used& shall "e made of structural metal or
e-ui%alent strength material& and shall "e restrained to $re%ent mo%ement(
2A5 The in"oard ends of sus$ension scaffold outrigger "eams shall "e sta"ilized ", "olts or other
direct connections to the floor or roof deck& or the, shall ha%e their in"oard ends sta"ilized ",
counterweights& exce$t masonsC multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold outrigger "eams shall
not "e sta"ilized ", counterweights(
2i5 #efore the scaffold is used& direct connections shall "e e%aluated ", a com$etent $erson who
shall confirm& "ased on the e%aluation& that the su$$orting surfaces are ca$a"le of su$$orting the
loads to "e im$osed( Dn addition& masonsC multi$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold connections
shall "e designed ", an engineer ex$erienced in such scaffold design(
2ii5 .ounterweights shall "e made of non'flowa"le material( Sand& gra%el and similar materials
that can "e easil, dislocated shall not "e used as counterweights(
2iii5 )nl, those items s$ecificall, designed as counterweights shall "e used to counterweight
scaffold s,stems( .onstruction materials such as& "ut not limited to& masonr, units and rolls of
roofing felt& shall not "e used as counterweights(
2i%5 .ounterweights shall "e secured ", mechanical means to the outrigger "eams to $re%ent
accidental dis$lacement(
2%5 .ounterweights shall not "e remo%ed from an outrigger "eam until the scaffold is
disassem"led(
2%i5 )utrigger "eams which are not sta"ilized ", "olts or other direct connections to the floor or
roof deck shall "e secured ", tie"acks(
2%ii5 Tie"acks shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to the sus$ension ro$es(
2%iii5 )utrigger "eams shall "e $laced $er$endicular to its "earing su$$ort 2usuall, the face of the
"uilding or structure5( Howe%er& where the em$lo,er can demonstrate that it is not $ossi"le to
$lace an outrigger "eam $er$endicular to the face of the "uilding or structure "ecause of
o"structions that cannot "e mo%ed& the outrigger "eam ma, "e $laced at some other angle&
$ro%ided o$$osing angle tie"acks are used(
2ix5 Tie"acks shall "e secured to a structurall, sound anchorage on the "uilding or structure(
Sound anchorages include structural mem"ers& "ut do not include stand$i$es& %ents& other $i$ing
s,stems& or electrical conduit(
2x5 Tie"acks shall "e installed $er$endicular to the face of the "uilding or structure& or o$$osing
angle tie"acks shall "e installed( Single tie"acks installed at an angle are $rohi"ited(
2E5 Sus$ension scaffold outrigger "eams shall "e1
2i5 Pro%ided with sto$ "olts or shackles at "oth ends;
2ii5 Securel, fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron "eams are used in
$lace of D'"eams;
2iii5 Dnstalled with all "earing su$$orts $er$endicular to the "eam center line;
2i%5 Set and maintained with the we" in a %ertical $osition; and
2%5 When an outrigger "eam is used& the shackle or cle%is with which the ro$e is attached to the
outrigger "eam shall "e $laced directl, o%er the center line of the stirru$(
2:5 Sus$ension scaffold su$$ort de%ices such as cornice hooks& roof hooks& roof irons& $ara$et
clam$s& or similar de%ices shall "e1
2i5 +ade of steel& wrought iron& or materials of e-ui%alent strength;
2ii5 Su$$orted ", "earing "locks; and
2iii5 Secured against mo%ement ", tie"acks installed at right angles to the face of the "uilding or
structure& or o$$osing angle tie"acks shall "e installed and secured to a structurall, sound $oint
of anchorage on the "uilding or structure( Sound $oints of anchorage include structural mem"ers&
"ut do not include stand$i$es& %ents& other $i$ing s,stems& or electrical conduit(
2i%5 Tie"acks shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to the hoisting ro$e(
295 When winding drum hoists are used on a sus$ension scaffold& the, shall contain not less than
four wra$s of the sus$ension ro$e at the lowest $oint of scaffold tra%el( When other t,$es of
hoists are used& the sus$ension ro$es shall "e long enough to allow the scaffold to "e lowered to
the le%el "elow without the ro$e end $assing through the hoist& or the ro$e end shall "e
configured or $ro%ided with means to $re%ent the end from $assing through the hoist(
2=5 The use of re$aired wire ro$e as sus$ension ro$e is $rohi"ited(
285 Wire sus$ension ro$es shall not "e Boined together exce$t through the use of e,e s$lice
thim"les connected with shackles or co%er$lates and "olts(
275 The load end of wire sus$ension ro$es shall "e e-ui$$ed with $ro$er size thim"les and
secured ", e,es$licing or e-ui%alent means(
2645 Ro$es shall "e ins$ected for defects ", a com$etent $erson $rior to each workshift and after
e%er, occurrence which could affect a ro$eCs integrit,( Ro$es shall "e re$laced if an, of the
following conditions exist1
2i5 *n, $h,sical damage which im$airs the function and strength of the ro$e(
2ii5 Jinks that might im$air the tracking or wra$$ing of ro$e around the drum2s5 or shea%e2s5(
2iii5 Six randoml, distri"uted "roken wires in one ro$e la, or three "roken wires in one strand in
one ro$e la,(
2i%5 *"rasion& corrosion& scru""ing& flattening or $eening causing loss of more than one'third of
the original diameter of the outside wires(
2%5 Heat damage caused ", a torch or an, damage caused ", contact with electrical wires(
2%i5 E%idence that the secondar, "rake has "een acti%ated during an o%ers$eed condition and
has engaged the sus$ension ro$e(
2665 Swaged attachments or s$liced e,es on wire sus$ension ro$es shall not "e used unless the,
are made ", the wire ro$e manufacturer or a -ualified $erson(
2635 When wire ro$e cli$s are used on sus$ension scaffolds1
2i5 There shall "e a minimum of A wire ro$e cli$s installed& with the cli$s a minimum of 9 ro$e
diameters a$art;
2ii5 .li$s shall "e installed according to the manufacturerCs recommendations;
2iii5 .li$s shall "e retightened to the manufacturerCs recommendations after the initial loading;
2i%5 .li$s shall "e ins$ected and retightened to the manufacturerCs recommendations at the start
of each workshift thereafter;
2%5 >'"olt cli$s shall not "e used at the $oint of sus$ension for an, scaffold hoist;
2%i5 When >'"olt cli$s are used& the >'"olt shall "e $laced o%er the dead end of the ro$e& and the
saddle shall "e $laced o%er the li%e end of the ro$e(
26A5 Sus$ension scaffold $ower'o$erated hoists and manual hoists shall "e tested ", a -ualified
testing la"orator,(
26E5 /asoline'$owered e-ui$ment and hoists shall not "e used on sus$ension scaffolds(
26:5 /ears and "rakes of $ower'o$erated hoists used on sus$ension scaffolds shall "e enclosed(
2695 Dn addition to the normal o$erating "rake& sus$ension scaffold $ower'o$erated hoists and
manuall, o$erated hoists shall ha%e a "raking de%ice or locking $awl which engages
automaticall, when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled mo%ements1 an
instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated o%ers$eed(
26=5 +anuall, o$erated hoists shall re-uire a $ositi%e crank force to descend(
2685 Two'$oint and multi'$oint sus$ension scaffolds shall "e tied or otherwise secured to $re%ent
them from swa,ing& as determined to "e necessar, "ased on an e%aluation ", a com$etent
$erson( Window cleanersC anchors shall not "e used for this $ur$ose(
2675 e%ices whose sole function is to $ro%ide emergenc, esca$e and rescue shall not "e used
as working $latforms( 2This $ro%ision does not $reclude the use of s,stems which are designed to
function "oth as sus$ension scaffolds and emergenc, s,stems(5
2e5 Access5 This $aragra$h a$$lies to scaffold access for all em$lo,ees( *ccess re-uirements for
em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling su$$orted scaffolds are s$ecificall, addressed in $aragra$h
2e5275 of this section(
265 When scaffold $latforms are more than 3 feet 24(9 m5 a"o%e or "elow a $oint of access&
$orta"le ladders& hook'on ladders& attacha"le ladders& stair towers 2scaffold stairwa,sGtowers5&
stairwa,'t,$e ladders 2such as ladder stands5& ram$s& walkwa,s& integral $refa"ricated scaffold
access& or direct access from another scaffold& structure& $ersonnel hoist& or similar surface shall
"e used( .ross"races shall not "e used as a means of access(
235 Porta"le& hook'on& and attacha"le ladders 2*dditional re-uirements for the $ro$er construction
and use of $orta"le ladders are contained in Su"$art K of this $art '' Stairwa,s and ?adders51
2i5 Porta"le& hook'on& and attacha"le ladders shall "e $ositioned so as not to ti$ the scaffold;
2ii5 Hook'on and attacha"le ladders shall "e $ositioned so that their "ottom rung is not more than
3E inches 296 cm5 a"o%e the scaffold su$$orting le%el;
2iii5 When hook'on and attacha"le ladders are used on a su$$orted scaffold more than A: feet
264(= m(5 high& the, shall ha%e rest $latforms at A:'foot 264(= m5 maximum %ertical inter%als(
2i%5 Hook'on and attacha"le ladders shall "e s$ecificall, designed for use with the t,$e of scaffold
used;
2%5 Hook'on and attacha"le ladders shall ha%e a minimum rung length of 66'6G3 inches 237 cm5;
and
2%i5 Hook'on and attacha"le ladders shall ha%e uniforml, s$aced rungs with a maximum s$acing
"etween rungs of 69'AGE inches(
2A5 Stairwa,'t,$e ladders shall1
2i5 "e $ositioned such that their "ottom ste$ is not more than 3E inches 296 cm5 a"o%e the
scaffold su$$orting le%el;
2ii5 "e $ro%ided with rest $latforms at 63 foot 2A(= m5 maximum %ertical inter%als;
2iii5 ha%e a minimum ste$ width of 69 inches 2E6 cm5& exce$t that mo"ile scaffold stairwa,'t,$e
ladders shall ha%e a minimum ste$ width of 66 6G3 inches 2A4 cm5; and 2i%5 ha%e sli$'resistant
treads on all ste$s and landings(
2E5 Stairtowers 2scaffold stairwa,Gtowers5 shall "e $ositioned such that their "ottom ste$ is not
more than 3E inches 296 cm(5 a"o%e the scaffold su$$orting le%el(
2i5 * stairrail consisting of a to$rail and a midrail shall "e $ro%ided on each side of each scaffold
stairwa,(
2ii5 The to$rail of each stairrail s,stem shall also "e ca$a"le of ser%ing as a handrail& unless a
se$arate handrail is $ro%ided(
2iii5 Handrails& and to$rails that ser%e as handrails& shall $ro%ide an ade-uate handhold for
em$lo,ees gras$ing them to a%oid falling(
2i%5 Stairrail s,stems and handrails shall "e surfaced to $re%ent inBur, to em$lo,ees from
$unctures or lacerations& and to $re%ent snagging of clothing(
2%5 The ends of stairrail s,stems and handrails shall "e constructed so that the, do not constitute
a $roBection hazard(
2%i5 Handrails& and to$rails that are used as handrails& shall "e at least A inches 2=(9 cm5 from
other o"Bects(
2%ii5 Stairrails shall "e not less than 38 inches 2=6 cm5 nor more than A= inches 27E cm5 from the
u$$er surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread& in line with the face of the riser at the
forward edge of the tread(
2%iii5 * landing $latform at least 68 inches 2E:(= cm5 wide ", at least 68 inches 2E:(= cm5 long
shall "e $ro%ided at each le%el(
2ix5 Each scaffold stairwa, shall "e at least 68 inches 2E:(= cm5 wide "etween stairrails(
2x5 Treads and landings shall ha%e sli$'resistant surfaces(
2xi5 Stairwa,s shall "e installed "etween E4 degrees and 94 degrees from the horizontal(
2xii5 /uardrails meeting the re-uirements of $aragra$h 2g52E5 of this section shall "e $ro%ided on
the o$en sides and ends of each landing(
2xiii5 Riser height shall "e uniform& within 6GE inch& 24(9 cm5 for each flight of stairs( /reater
%ariations in riser height are allowed for the to$ and "ottom ste$s of the entire s,stem& not for
each flight of stairs(
2xi%5 Tread de$th shall "e uniform& within 6GE inch& for each flight of stairs(
2:5 Ram$s and walkwa,s(
2i5 Ram$s and walkwa,s 9 feet 26(8 m5 or more a"o%e lower le%els shall ha%e guardrail s,stems
which com$l, with Su"$art + of this $art '' Fall Protection;
2ii5 No ram$ or walkwa, shall "e inclined more than a slo$e of one 265 %ertical to three 2A5
horizontal 234 degrees a"o%e the horizontal5(
2iii5 Df the slo$e of a ram$ or a walkwa, is stee$er than one 265 %ertical in eight 285 horizontal& the
ram$ or walkwa, shall ha%e cleats not more than fourteen
26E5 inches 2A: cm5 a$art which are securel, fastened to the $lanks to $ro%ide footing(
295 Dntegral $refa"ricated scaffold access frames shall1
2i5 #e s$ecificall, designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs;
2ii5 Ha%e a rung length of at least 8 inches 234 cm5;
2iii5 Not "e used as work $latforms when rungs are less than 66'6G3 inches in length& unless each
affected em$lo,ee uses fall $rotection& or a $ositioning de%ice& which com$lies with S6739(:43;
2i%5 #e uniforml, s$aced within each frame section;
2%5 #e $ro%ided with rest $latforms at A:'foot 264(= m5 maximum %ertical inter%als on all su$$orted
scaffolds more than A: feet 264(= m5 high; and
2%i5 Ha%e a maximum s$acing "etween rungs of 69 AGE inches 2EA cm5( Non'uniform rung s$acing
caused ", Boining end frames together is allowed& $ro%ided the resulting s$acing does not exceed
69'AGE inches 2EA cm5(
2=5 Ste$s and rungs of ladder and stairwa, t,$e access shall line u$ %erticall, with each other
"etween rest $latforms(
285 irect access to or from another surface shall "e used onl, when the scaffold is not more than
6E inches 2A9 cm5 horizontall, and not more than 3E inches 296 cm5 %erticall, from the other
surface(
275 Effecti%e Se$tem"er 3& 677=& access for em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling su$$orted
scaffolds shall "e in accordance with the following1
2i5 The em$lo,er shall $ro%ide safe means of access for each em$lo,ee erecting or dismantling a
scaffold where the $ro%ision of safe access is feasi"le and does not create a greater hazard( The
em$lo,er shall ha%e a com$etent $erson determine whether it is feasi"le or would $ose a greater
hazard to $ro%ide& and ha%e em$lo,ees use a safe means of access( This determination shall "e
"ased on site conditions and the t,$e of scaffold "eing erected or dismantled(
2ii5 Hook'on or attacha"le ladders shall "e installed as soon as scaffold erection has $rogressed
to a $oint that $ermits safe installation and use(
2iii5 When erecting or dismantling tu"ular welded frame scaffolds& 2end5 frames& with horizontal
mem"ers that are $arallel& le%el and are not more than 33 inches a$art %erticall, ma, "e used as
clim"ing de%ices for access& $ro%ided the, are erected in a manner that creates a usa"le ladder
and $ro%ides good hand hold and foot s$ace(
2i%5 .ross "races on tu"ular welded frame scaffolds shall not "e used as a means of access or
egress(
2f5 Use5 265 Scaffolds and scaffold com$onents shall not "e loaded in excess of their maximum
intended loads or rated ca$acities& whiche%er is less(
235 The use of shore or lean'to scaffolds is $rohi"ited(
2A5 Scaffolds and scaffold com$onents shall "e ins$ected for %isi"le defects ", a com$etent
$erson "efore each work shift& and after an, occurrence which could affect a scaffoldCs structural
integrit,(
2E5 *n, $art of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that re-uired
", $aragra$h 2a5 of this section shall "e immediatel, re$aired or re$laced& "raced to meet those
$ro%isions& or remo%ed from ser%ice until re$aired(
2:5 Scaffolds shall not "e mo%ed horizontall, while em$lo,ees are on them& unless the, ha%e
"een designed ", a registered $rofessional engineer s$ecificall, for such mo%ement or& for
mo"ile scaffolds& where the $ro%isions of S6739(E:32w5 are followed(
295 The clearance "etween scaffolds and $ower lines shall "e as follows1 Scaffolds shall not "e
erected& used& dismantled& altered& or mo%ed such that the, or an, conducti%e material handled
on them might come closer to ex$osed and energized $ower lines than as follows1
Insulated 7ines
Dolta$e
#ini!u! Aistance Alternati,es
?ess than A44 %olts
A44 %olts to :4 k%
+ore than :4k%
A feet 24(7 +5
64 feet 2A(6 +5
64 feet 2A(6 +5 $lus
4(E inches 26(4 cm5 for each 6 k% o%er :4 k%
3 times the length of the line insulator&
"ut ne%er less than 64 feet 2A(6 m5
Uninsulated 7ines
Dolta$e
#ini!u! Aistance Alternati,es
?ess than :4 k%
+ore than :4k%
64 feet 2A(6 +5
64 feet 2A(6 +5 $lus 4(E inches 26(4 cm5 for each
6 k% o%er :4 k%
3 times the length of the line insulator&
"ut ne%er less than 64 feet 2A(6 m5
Exce$tion to $aragra$h 2f52951 Scaffolds and materials ma, "e closer to $ower lines than s$ecified
a"o%e where such clearance is necessar, for $erformance of work& and onl, after the utilit,
com$an,& or electrical s,stem o$erator& has "een notified of the need to work closer and the utilit,
com$an,& or electrical s,stem o$erator& has deenergized the lines& relocated the lines& or installed
$rotecti%e co%erings to $re%ent accidental contact with the lines(
2=5 Scaffolds shall "e erected& mo%ed& dismantled& or altered onl, under the su$er%ision and
direction of a com$etent $erson -ualified in scaffold erection& mo%ing& dismantling or alteration(
Such acti%ities shall "e $erformed onl, ", ex$erienced and trained em$lo,ees selected for such
work ", the com$etent $erson(
285 Em$lo,ees shall "e $rohi"ited from working on scaffolds co%ered with snow& ice& or other
sli$$er, material exce$t as necessar, for remo%al of such materials(
275 Where swinging loads are "eing hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might
contact the scaffold& tag lines or e-ui%alent measures to control the loads shall "e used(
2645 Sus$ension ro$es su$$orting adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds shall "e of a diameter large
enough to $ro%ide sufficient surface area for the functioning of "rake and hoist mechanisms(
2665 Sus$ension ro$es shall "e shielded from heat'$roducing $rocesses( When acids or other
corrosi%e su"stances are used on a scaffold& the ro$es shall "e shielded& treated to $rotect
against the corrosi%e su"stances& or shall "e of a material that will not "e damaged ", the
su"stance "eing used(
2635 Work on or from scaffolds is $rohi"ited during storms or high winds unless a com$etent
$erson has determined that it is safe for em$lo,ees to "e on the scaffold and those em$lo,ees
are $rotected ", a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem or wind screens( Wind screens shall not "e used
unless the scaffold is secured against the antici$ated wind forces im$osed(
26A5 e"ris shall not "e allowed to accumulate on $latforms(
26E5 +akeshift de%ices& such as "ut not limited to "oxes and "arrels& shall not "e used on to$ of
scaffold $latforms to increase the working le%el height of em$lo,ees(
26:5 ?adders shall not "e used on scaffolds to increase the working le%el height of em$lo,ees&
exce$t on large area scaffolds where em$lo,ers ha%e satisfied the following criteria1
2i5 When the ladder is $laced against a structure which is not a $art of the scaffold& the scaffold
shall "e secured against the sidewa,s thrust exerted ", the ladder;
2ii5 The $latform units shall "e secured to the scaffold to $re%ent their mo%ement;
2iii5 The ladder legs shall "e on the same $latform or other means shall "e $ro%ided to sta"ilize
the ladder against une-ual $latform deflection& and
2i%5 The ladder legs shall "e secured to $re%ent them from sli$$ing or "eing $ushed off the
$latform(
2695 Platforms shall not deflect more than 6G94 of the s$an when loaded(
26=5 To reduce the $ossi"ilit, of welding current arcing through the sus$ension wire ro$e when
$erforming welding from sus$ended scaffolds& the following $recautions shall "e taken& as
a$$lica"le1
2i5 *n insulated thim"le shall "e used to attach each sus$ension wire ro$e to its hanging su$$ort
2such as cornice hook or outrigger5( Excess sus$ension wire ro$e and an, additional inde$endent
lines from grounding shall "e insulated;
2ii5 The sus$ension wire ro$e shall "e co%ered with insulating material extending at least E feet
26(3 m5 a"o%e the hoist( Df there is a tail line "elow the hoist& it shall "e insulated to $re%ent
contact with the $latform( The $ortion of the tail line that hangs free "elow the scaffold shall "e
guided or retained& or "oth& so that it does not "ecome grounded;
2iii5 Each hoist shall "e co%ered with insulated $rotecti%e co%ers;
2i%5 Dn addition to a work lead attachment re-uired ", the welding $rocess& a grounding conductor
shall "e connected from the scaffold to the structure( The size of this conductor shall "e at least
the size of the welding $rocess work lead& and this conductor shall not "e in series with the
welding $rocess or the work $iece;
2%5 Df the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at an, time& the welding machine shall "e shut
off; and
2%i5 *n acti%e welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not "e allowed to contact the scaffold
or its sus$ension s,stem(
2g5 Fall protection( 265 Each em$lo,ee on a scaffold more than 64 feet 2A(6 m5 a"o%e a lower
le%el shall "e $rotected from falling to that lower le%el( Paragra$hs 2g52652i5 through 2%ii5 of this
section& esta"lish the t,$es of fall $rotection to "e $ro%ided to the em$lo,ees on each t,$e of
scaffold( Paragra$h 2g5235 of this section addresses fall $rotection for scaffold erectors and
dismantlers( N)TE to $aragra$h 2g52651 The fall $rotection re-uirements for em$lo,ees installing
sus$ension scaffold su$$ort s,stems on floors& roofs& and other ele%ated surfaces are set forth in
su"$art + of this $art(
2i5 Each em$lo,ee on a "oatswainsC chair& catenar, scaffold& float scaffold& needle "eam scaffold&
or ladder Back scaffold shall "e $rotected ", a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem;
2ii5 Each em$lo,ee on a single'$oint or two$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold shall "e $rotected
", "oth a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem and guardrail s,stem;
2iii5 Each em$lo,ee on a crawling "oard 2chicken ladder5 shall "e $rotected ", a $ersonal fall
arrest s,stem& a guardrail s,stem 2with minimum 344 $ound to$rail ca$acit,5& or ", a threefourth
inch 26(7 cm5 diameter gra"line or e-ui%alent handhold securel, fastened "eside each crawling
"oard;
2i%5 Each em$lo,ee on a self'contained adBusta"le scaffold shall "e $rotected ", a guardrail
s,stem 2with minimum 344 $ound to$rail ca$acit,5 when the $latform is su$$orted ", the frame
structure& and ", "oth a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem and a guardrail s,stem 2with minimum 344
$ound to$rail ca$acit,5 when the $latform is su$$orted ", ro$es;
2%5 Each em$lo,ee on a walkwa, located within a scaffold shall "e $rotected ", a guardrail
s,stem 2with minimum 344 $ound to$rail ca$acit,5 installed within 7 6G3 inches 23E(6 cm5 of and
along at least one side of the walkwa,(
2%i5 Each em$lo,ee $erforming o%erhand "rickla,ing o$erations from a su$$orted scaffold shall
"e $rotected from falling from all o$en sides and ends of the scaffold 2exce$t at the side next to
the wall "eing laid5 ", the use of a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem or guardrail s,stem 2with minimum
344 $ound to$rail ca$acit,5(
2%ii5 For all scaffolds not otherwise s$ecified in $aragra$hs 2g52652i5 through 2g52652%i5 of this
section& each em$lo,ee shall "e $rotected ", the use of $ersonal fall arrest s,stems or guardrail
s,stems meeting the re-uirements of $aragra$h 2g52E5 of this section(
235 Effecti%e Se$tem"er 3& 677=& the em$lo,er shall ha%e a com$etent $erson determine the
feasi"ilit, and safet, of $ro%iding fall $rotection for em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling su$$orted
scaffolds( Em$lo,ers are re-uired to $ro%ide fall $rotection for em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling
su$$orted scaffolds where the installation and use of such $rotection is feasi"le and does not
create a greater hazard(
2A5 Dn addition to meeting the re-uirements of S6739(:432d5& $ersonal fall arrest s,stems used on
scaffolds shall "e attached ", lan,ard to a %ertical lifeline& horizontal lifeline& or scaffold structural
mem"er( 0ertical lifelines shall not "e used when o%erhead com$onents& such as o%erhead
$rotection or additional $latform le%els& are $art of a single$oint or two'$oint adBusta"le
sus$ension scaffold(
2i5 When %ertical lifelines are used& the, shall "e fastened to a fixed safe $oint of anchorage& shall
"e inde$endent of the scaffold& and shall "e $rotected from shar$ edges and a"rasion( Safe
$oints of anchorage include structural mem"ers of "uildings& "ut do not include stand$i$es& %ents&
other $i$ing s,stems& electrical conduit& outrigger "eams& or counterweights(
2ii5 When horizontal lifelines are used& the, shall "e secured to two or more structural mem"ers of
the scaffold& or the, ma, "e loo$ed around "oth sus$ension and inde$endent sus$ension lines
2on scaffolds so e-ui$$ed5 a"o%e the hoist and "rake attached to the end of the scaffold(
Horizontal lifelines shall not "e attached onl, to the sus$ension ro$es(
2iii5 When lan,ards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural mem"ers on a single'$oint or
two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold& the scaffold shall "e e-ui$$ed with additional
inde$endent su$$ort lines and automatic locking de%ices ca$a"le of sto$$ing the fall of the
scaffold in the e%ent one or "oth of the sus$ension ro$es fail( The inde$endent su$$ort lines shall
"e e-ual in num"er and strength to the sus$ension ro$es(
2i%5 0ertical lifelines& inde$endent su$$ort lines& and sus$ension ro$es shall not "e attached to
each other& nor shall the, "e attached to or use the same $oint of anchorage& nor shall the, "e
attached to the same $oint on the scaffold or $ersonal fall arrest s,stem(
2E5 /uardrail s,stems installed to meet the re-uirements of this section shall com$l, with the
following $ro%isions 2guardrail s,stems "uilt in accordance with *$$endix * to this su"$art will "e
deemed to meet the re-uirements of $aragra$hs 2g52E52%ii5& 2%iii5& and 2ix5 of this section51
2i5 /uardrail s,stems shall "e installed along all o$en sides and ends of $latforms( /uardrail
s,stems shall "e installed "efore the scaffold is released for use ", em$lo,ees other than
erectionG dismantling crews(
2ii5 The to$ edge height of to$rails or e-ui%alent mem"er on su$$orted scaffolds manufactured or
$laced in ser%ice after @anuar, 6& 3444 shall "e installed "etween A8 inches 24(7= m5 and E:
inches 26(3 m5 a"o%e the $latform surface( The to$ edge height on su$$orted scaffolds
manufactured and $laced in ser%ice "efore @anuar, 6& 3444& and on all sus$ended scaffolds
where "oth a guardrail and a $ersonal fall arrest s,stem are re-uired shall "e "etween A9 inches
24(7 m5 and E: inches 26(3 m5( When conditions warrant& the height of the to$ edge ma, exceed
the E:'inch height& $ro%ided the guardrail s,stem meets all other criteria of $aragra$h 2g52E5(
2iii5 When midrails& screens& mesh& intermediate %ertical mem"ers& solid $anels& or e-ui%alent
structural mem"ers are used& the, shall "e installed "etween the to$ edge of the guardrail s,stem
and the scaffold $latform(
2i%5 When midrails are used& the, shall "e installed at a height a$$roximatel, midwa, "etween the
to$ edge of the guardrail s,stem and the $latform surface(
2%5 When screens and mesh are used& the, shall extend from the to$ edge of the guardrail
s,stem to the scaffold $latform& and along the entire o$ening "etween the su$$orts(
2%i5 When intermediate mem"ers 2such as "alusters or additional rails5 are used& the, shall not "e
more than 67 inches 2E8 cm5 a$art(
2%ii5 Each to$rail or e-ui%alent mem"er of a guardrail s,stem shall "e ca$a"le of withstanding&
without failure& a force a$$lied in an, downward or horizontal direction at an, $oint along its to$
edge of at least 644 $ounds 2EE: n5 for guardrail s,stems installed on single'$oint adBusta"le
sus$ension scaffolds or two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds& and at least 344 $ounds 2874
n5 for guardrail s,stems installed on all other scaffolds(
2%iii5 When the loads s$ecified in $aragra$h 2g52E52%ii5 of this section are a$$lied in a downward
direction& the to$ edge shall not dro$ "elow the height a"o%e the $latform surface that is
$rescri"ed in $aragra$h 2g52E52ii5 of this section(
2ix5 +idrails& screens& mesh& intermediate %ertical mem"ers& solid $anels& and e-ui%alent
structural mem"ers of a guardrail s,stem shall "e ca$a"le of withstanding& without failure& a force
a$$lied in an, downward or horizontal direction at an, $oint along the midrail or other mem"er of
at least =: $ounds 2AAA n5 for guardrail s,stems with a minimum 644 $ound to$rail ca$acit,& and
at least 6:4 $ounds 2999 n5 for guardrail s,stems with a minimum 344 $ound to$rail ca$acit,(
2x5 Sus$ension scaffold hoists and non'walkthrough stirru$s ma, "e used as end guardrails& if the
s$ace "etween the hoist or stirru$ and the side guardrail or structure does not allow $assage of
an em$lo,ee to the end of the scaffold(
2xi5 /uardrails shall "e surfaced to $re%ent inBur, to an em$lo,ee from $unctures or lacerations&
and to $re%ent snagging of clothing(
2xii5 The ends of all rails shall not o%erhang the terminal $osts exce$t when such o%erhang does
not constitute a $roBection hazard to em$lo,ees(
2xiii5 Steel or $lastic "anding shall not "e used as a to$rail or midrail(
2xi%5 +anila or $lastic 2or other s,nthetic5 ro$e "eing used for to$rails or midrails shall "e
ins$ected ", a com$etent $erson as fre-uentl, as necessar, to ensure that it continues to meet
the strength re-uirements of $aragra$h 2g5 of this section(
2x%5 .ross "racing is acce$ta"le in $lace of a midrail when the crossing $oint of two "races is
"etween 34 inches 24(: m5 and A4 inches 24(8 m5 a"o%e the work $latform or as a to$rail when
the crossing $oint of two "races is "etween A8 inches 24(7= m5 and E8 inches 26(A m5 a"o%e the
work $latform( The end $oints at each u$right shall "e no more than E8 inches 26(A m5 a$art(
2h5 Fallin$ obCect protection5 265 Dn addition to wearing hardhats each em$lo,ee on a scaffold
shall "e $ro%ided with additional $rotection from falling hand tools& de"ris& and other small o"Bects
through the installation of toe"oards& screens& or guardrail s,stems& or through the erection of
de"ris nets& catch $latforms& or cano$, structures that contain or deflect the falling o"Bects( When
the falling o"Bects are too large& hea%, or massi%e to "e contained or deflected ", an, of the
a"o%e'listed measures& the em$lo,er shall $lace such $otential falling o"Bects awa, from the
edge of the surface from which the, could fall and shall secure those materials as necessar, to
$re%ent their falling(
235 Where there is a danger of tools& materials& or e-ui$ment falling from a scaffold and striking
em$lo,ees "elow& the following $ro%isions a$$l,1
2i5 The area "elow the scaffold to which o"Bects can fall shall "e "arricaded& and em$lo,ees shall
not "e $ermitted to enter the hazard area; or
2ii5 * toe"oard shall "e erected along the edge of $latforms more than 64 feet 2A(6 m5 a"o%e lower
le%els for a distance sufficient to $rotect em$lo,ees "elow& exce$t on float 2shi$5 scaffolds where
an edging of AGE x 6'6G3 inch 23 x E cm5 wood or e-ui%alent ma, "e used in lieu of toe"oards;
2iii5 Where tools& materials& or e-ui$ment are $iled to a height higher than the to$ edge of the
toe"oard& $aneling or screening extending from the toe"oard or $latform to the to$ of the
guardrail shall "e erected for a distance sufficient to $rotect em$lo,ees "elow& or
2i%5 * guardrail s,stem shall "e installed with o$enings small enough to $re%ent $assage of
$otential falling o"Bects& or
2%5 * cano$, structure& de"ris net& or catch $latform strong enough to withstand the im$act forces
of the $otential falling o"Bects shall "e erected o%er the em$lo,ees "elow(
2A5 .ano$ies& when used for falling o"Bect $rotection& shall com$l, with the following criteria1
2i5 .ano$ies shall "e installed "etween the falling o"Bect hazard and the em$lo,ees(
2ii5 When cano$ies are used on sus$ension scaffolds for falling o"Bect $rotection& the scaffold
shall "e e-ui$$ed with additional inde$endent su$$ort lines e-ual in num"er to the num"er of
$oints su$$orted& and e-ui%alent in strength to the strength of the sus$ension ro$es(
2iii5 Dnde$endent su$$ort lines and sus$ension ro$es shall not "e attached to the same $oints of
anchorage(
2E5 Where used& toe"oards shall "e1
2i5 .a$a"le of withstanding& without failure& a force of at least :4 $ounds 2333 n5 a$$lied in an,
downward or horizontal direction at an, $oint along the toe"oard 2toe"oards "uilt in accordance
with *$$endix * to this su"$art will "e deemed to meet this re-uirement5; and
2ii5 *t least three and one'half inches 27 cm5 high from the to$ edge of the toe "oard to the le%el of
the walkingGworking surface( Toe"oards shall "e securel, fastened in $lace at the outermost edge
of the $latform and ha%e not more than 6GE inch 24(= cm5 clearance a"o%e the walkingGworking
surface( Toe"oards shall "e solid or with o$enings not o%er one inch 23(: cm5 in the greatest
dimension(
2&3)456') Additional re1uire!ents applicable to specific tpes of scaffolds5
Dn addition to the a$$lica"le re-uirements of S6739(E:6& the following re-uirements a$$l, to the
s$ecific t,$es of scaffolds indicated( Scaffolds not s$ecificall, addressed ", S6739(E:3& such as
"ut not limited to s,stems scaffolds& must meet the re-uirements of S6739(E:6(
2a5 ;ole scaffolds5 265 When $latforms are "eing mo%ed to the next le%el& the existing $latform
shall "e left undistur"ed until the new "earers ha%e "een set in $lace and "raced& $rior to
recei%ing the new $latforms(
235 .ross"racing shall "e installed "etween the inner and outer sets of $oles on dou"le $ole
scaffolds(
2A5 iagonal "racing in "oth directions shall "e installed across the entire inside face of dou"le'
$ole scaffolds used to su$$ort loads e-ui%alent to a uniforml, distri"uted load of :4 $ounds 2333
kg5 or more $er s-uare foot 2737 s-uare cm5(
2E5 iagonal "racing in "oth directions shall "e installed across the entire outside face of all
dou"leand single'$ole scaffolds(
2:5 Runners and "earers shall "e installed on edge(
295 #earers shall extend a minimum of A inches 2=(9 cm5 o%er the outside edges of runners(
2=5 Runners shall extend o%er a minimum of two $oles& and shall "e su$$orted ", "earing "locks
securel, attached to the $oles(
285 #races& "earers& and runners shall not "e s$liced "etween $oles(
275 Where wooden $oles are s$liced& the ends shall "e s-uared and the u$$er section shall rest
s-uarel, on the lower section( Wood s$lice $lates shall "e $ro%ided on at least two adBacent
sides& and shall extend at least 3 feet 24(9 m5 on either side of the s$lice& o%erla$ the a"utted
ends e-uall,& and ha%e at least the same cross'sectional areas as the $ole( S$lice $lates of other
materials of e-ui%alent strength ma, "e used(
2645 Pole scaffolds o%er 94 feet in height shall "e designed ", a registered $rofessional engineer&
and shall "e constructed and loaded in accordance with that design( Non'mandator, *$$endix *
to this su"$art contains exam$les of criteria that will ena"le an em$lo,er to com$l, with design
and loading re-uirements for $ole scaffolds under 94 feet in height(
2"5 /ube and coupler scaffolds5 265 When $latforms are "eing mo%ed to the next le%el& the
existing $latform shall "e left undistur"ed until the new "earers ha%e "een set in $lace and
"raced $rior to recei%ing the new $latforms(
235 Trans%erse "racing forming an FKF across the width of the scaffold shall "e installed at the
scaffold ends and at least at e%er, third set of $osts horizontall, 2measured from onl, one end5
and e%er, fourth runner %erticall,( #racing shall extend diagonall, from the inner or outer $osts or
runners u$ward to the next outer or inner $osts or runners( #uilding ties shall "e installed at the
"earer le%els "etween the trans%erse "racing and shall conform the re-uirements of S6739(E:62c5
265(
2A5 )n straight run scaffolds& longitudinal "racing across the inner and outer rows of $osts shall
"e installed diagonall, in "oth directions& and shall extend from the "ase of the end $osts u$ward
to the to$ of the scaffold at a$$roximatel, a E: degree angle( )n scaffolds whose length is
greater than their height& such "racing shall "e re$eated "eginning at least at e%er, fifth $ost( )n
scaffolds whose length is less than their height& such "racing shall "e installed from the "ase of
the end $osts u$ward to the o$$osite end $osts& and then in alternating directions until reaching
the to$ of the scaffold( #racing shall "e installed as close as $ossi"le to the intersection of the
"earer and $ost runner and $ost(
2E5 Where conditions $reclude the attachment of "racing to $osts& "racing shall "e attached to the
runners as close to the $ost as $ossi"le(
2:5 #earers shall "e installed trans%ersel, "etween $osts& and when cou$led to the $osts& shall
ha%e the in"oard cou$ler "ear directl, on the runner cou$ler( When the "earers are cou$led to
the runners& the cou$lers shall "e as close to the $osts as $ossi"le(
295 #earers shall extend "e,ond the $osts and runners& and shall $ro%ide full contact with the
cou$ler(
2=5 Runners shall "e installed along the length of the scaffold& located on "oth the inside and
outside $osts at le%el heights 2when tu"e and cou$ler guardrails and midrails are used on outside
$osts& the, ma, "e used in lieu of outside runners5(
285 Runners shall "e interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths& and shall "e cou$led
to each $ost( The "ottom runners and "earers shall "e located as close to the "ase as $ossi"le(
275 .ou$lers shall "e of a structural metal& such as dro$'forged steel& mallea"le iron& or structural
grade aluminum( The use of gra, cast iron is $rohi"ited(
2645 Tu"e and cou$ler scaffolds o%er 63: feet in height shall "e designed ", a registered
$rofessional engineer& and shall "e constructed and loaded in accordance with such design( Non'
mandator, *$$endix * to this su"$art contains exam$les of criteria that will ena"le an em$lo,er
to com$l, with design and loading re-uirements for tu"e and cou$ler scaffolds under 63: feet in
height(
2c5 Fabricated fra!e scaffolds *tubular .elded fra!e scaffolds-5
265 When mo%ing $latforms to the next le%el& the existing $latform shall "e left undistur"ed until
the new end frames ha%e "een set in $lace and "raced $rior to recei%ing the new $latforms(
235 Frames and $anels shall "e "raced ", cross& horizontal& or diagonal "races& or com"ination
thereof& which secure %ertical mem"ers together laterall,( The cross "races shall "e of such
length as will automaticall, s-uare and align %ertical mem"ers so that the erected scaffold is
alwa,s $lum"& le%el& and s-uare( *ll "race connections shall "e secured(
2A5 Frames and $anels shall "e Boined together %erticall, ", cou$ling or stacking $ins or
e-ui%alent means(
2E5 Where u$lift can occur which would dis$lace scaffold end frames or $anels& the frames or
$anels shall "e locked together %erticall, ", $ins or e-ui%alent means(
2:5 #rackets used to su$$ort cantile%ered loads shall1
2i5 "e seated with side'"rackets $arallel to the frames and end'"rackets at 74 degrees to the
frames;
2ii5 not "e "ent or twisted from these $ositions; and
2iii5 "e used onl, to su$$ort $ersonnel& unless the scaffold has "een designed for other loads ", a
-ualified engineer and "uilt to withstand the ti$$ing forces caused ", those other loads "eing
$laced on the "racket'su$$orted section of the scaffold(
295 Scaffolds o%er 63: feet 2A8(4 m5 in height a"o%e their "ase $lates shall "e designed ", a
registered $rofessional engineer& and shall "e constructed and loaded in accordance with such
design(
2d5 ;lasterersE: decoratorsE: and lar$e area scaffolds5 Scaffolds shall "e constructed in
accordance with $aragra$hs 2a5& 2"5& or 2c5 of this section& as a$$ro$riate(
2e5 "ric0laersE s1uare scaffolds *s1uares-5 265 Scaffolds made of wood shall "e reinforced
with gussets on "oth sides of each corner(
235 iagonal "races shall "e installed on all sides of each s-uare(
2A5 iagonal "races shall "e installed "etween s-uares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold&
and shall extend from the "ottom of each s-uare to the to$ of the next s-uare(
2E5 Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height& and shall "e so constructed and arranged that
one s-uare rests directl, a"o%e the other( The u$$er tiers shall stand on a continuous row of
$lanks laid across the next lower tier& and shall "e nailed down or otherwise secured to $re%ent
dis$lacement(
2f5 Horse scaffolds( 265 Scaffolds shall not "e constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 64
feet 2A(4 m5 in height& whiche%er is less(
235 When horses are arranged in tiers& each horse shall "e $laced directl, o%er the horse in the
tier "elow(
2A5 When horses are arranged in tiers& the legs of each horse shall "e nailed down or otherwise
secured to $re%ent dis$lacement(
2E5 When horses are arranged in tiers& each tier shall "e cross"raced(
2g5 For! scaffolds and carpentersE brac0et scaffolds5
265 Each "racket& exce$t those for wooden "racketform scaffolds& shall "e attached to the
su$$orting formwork or structure ", means of one or more of the following1 nails; a metal stud
attachment de%ice; welding; hooking o%er a secured structural su$$orting mem"er& with the form
wales either "olted to the form or secured ", sna$ ties or tie "olts extending through the form and
securel, anchored; or& for car$entersC "racket scaffolds onl,& ", a "olt extending through to the
o$$osite side of the structureCs wall(
235 Wooden "racket'form scaffolds shall "e an integral $art of the form $anel(
2A5 Folding t,$e metal "rackets& when extended for use& shall "e either "olted or secured with a
locking't,$e $in(
2h5 +oof brac0et scaffolds5 265 Scaffold "rackets shall "e constructed to fit the $itch of the roof
and shall $ro%ide a le%el su$$ort for the $latform(
235 #rackets 2including those $ro%ided with $ointed metal $roBections5 shall "e anchored in $lace
", nails unless it is im$ractical to use nails( When nails are not used& "rackets shall "e secured in
$lace with first'grade manila ro$e of at least three'fourth inch 26(7 cm5 diameter& or e-ui%alent(
2i5 Outri$$er scaffolds5 265 The in"oard end of outrigger "eams& measured from the fulcrum
$oint to the extreme $oint of anchorage& shall "e not less than one and one'half times the
out"oard end in length(
235 )utrigger "eams fa"ricated in the sha$e of an D'"eam or channel shall "e $laced so that the
we" section is %ertical(
2A5 The fulcrum $oint of outrigger "eams shall rest on secure "earings at least 9 inches 26:(3 cm5
in each horizontal dimension(
2E5 )utrigger "eams shall "e secured in $lace against mo%ement& and shall "e securel, "raced at
the fulcrum $oint against ti$$ing(
2:5 The in"oard ends of outrigger "eams shall "e securel, anchored either ", means of "raced
struts "earing against sills in contact with the o%erhead "eams or ceiling& or ", means of tension
mem"ers secured to the floor Boists underfoot& or ", "oth(
295 The entire su$$orting structure shall "e securel, "raced to $re%ent an, horizontal mo%ement(
2=5 To $re%ent their dis$lacement& $latform units shall "e nailed& "olted& or otherwise secured to
outriggers(
285 Scaffolds and scaffold com$onents shall "e designed ", a registered $rofessional engineer
and shall "e constructed and loaded in accordance with such design(
2B5 ;u!p Cac0 scaffolds5 265 Pum$ Back "rackets& "races& and accessories shall "e fa"ricated
from metal $lates and angles( Each $um$ Back "racket shall ha%e two $ositi%e gri$$ing
mechanisms to $re%ent an, failure or sli$$age(
235 Poles shall "e secured to the structure ", rigid triangular "racing or e-ui%alent at the "ottom&
to$& and other $oints as necessar,( When the $um$ Back has to $ass "racing alread, installed& an
additional "race shall "e installed a$$roximatel, E feet 26(3 m5 a"o%e the "race to "e $assed& and
shall "e left in $lace until the $um$ Back has "een mo%ed and the original "race reinstalled(
2A5 When guardrails are used for fall $rotection& a work"ench ma, "e used as the to$rail onl, if it
meets all the re-uirements in $aragra$hs 2g52E52ii5& 2%ii5& 2%iii5& and 2xiii5 of S6739(E:6(
2E5 Work "enches shall not "e used as scaffold $latforms(
2:5 When $oles are made of wood& the $ole lum"er shall "e straight'grained& free of shakes& large
loose or dead knots& and other defects which might im$air strength(
295 When wood $oles are constructed of two continuous lengths& the, shall "e Boined together
with the seam $arallel to the "racket(
2=5 When two ", fours are s$liced to make a $ole& mending $lates shall "e installed at all s$lices
to de%elo$ the full strength of the mem"er(
2k5 7adder Cac0 scaffolds5 265 Platforms shall not exceed a height of 34 feet 29(6 m5(
235 *ll ladders used to su$$ort ladder Back scaffolds shall meet the re-uirements of su"$art K of
this $art '' Stairwa,s and ?adders& exce$t that Bo"'made ladders shall not "e used to su$$ort
ladder Back scaffolds(
2A5 The ladder Back shall "e so designed and constructed that it will "ear on the side rails and
ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone( Df "earing on rungs onl,& the "earing area shall include
a length of at least 64 inches 23:(E cm5 on each rung(
2E5 ?adders used to su$$ort ladder Backs shall "e $laced& fastened& or e-ui$$ed with de%ices to
$re%ent sli$$ing(
2:5 Scaffold $latforms shall not "e "ridged one to another(
2l5 <indo. Cac0 scaffolds5 265 Scaffolds shall "e securel, attached to the window o$ening(
235 Scaffolds shall "e used onl, for the $ur$ose of working at the window o$ening through which
the Back is $laced(
2A5 Window Backs shall not "e used to su$$ort $lanks $laced "etween one window Back and
another& or for other elements of scaffolding(
2m5 Cra.lin$ boards *chic0en ladders-5 265 .rawling "oards shall extend from the roof $eak to
the ea%es when used in connection with roof construction& re$air& or maintenance(
235 .rawling "oards shall "e secured to the roof ", ridge hooks or ", means that meet e-ui%alent
criteria 2e(g(& strength and dura"ilit,5(
2n5 Step: platfor!: and trestle ladder scaffolds5 265 Scaffold $latforms shall not "e $laced an,
higher than the second highest rung or ste$ of the ladder su$$orting the $latform(
235 *ll ladders used in conBunction with ste$& $latform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the
$ertinent re-uirements of su"$art K of this $art '' Stairwa,s and ?adders& exce$t that Bo"'made
ladders shall not "e used to su$$ort such scaffolds(
2A5 ?adders used to su$$ort ste$& $latform& and trestle ladder scaffolds shall "e $laced& fastened&
or e-ui$$ed with de%ices to $re%ent sli$$ing(
2E5 Scaffolds shall not "e "ridged one to another(
2o5 Sin$le9point adCustable suspension scaffolds5 265 When two single'$oint adBusta"le
sus$ension scaffolds are com"ined to form a two$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffold& the
resulting two'$oint scaffold shall com$l, with the re-uirements for two'$oint adBusta"le
sus$ension scaffolds in $aragra$h 2$5 of this section(
235 The su$$orting ro$e "etween the scaffold and the sus$ension de%ice shall "e ke$t %ertical
unless all of the following conditions are met1
2i5 The rigging has "een designed ", a -ualified $erson& and
2ii5 The scaffold is accessi"le to rescuers& and
2iii5 The su$$orting ro$e is $rotected to ensure that it will not chafe at an, $oint where a change in
direction occurs& and
2i%5 The scaffold is $ositioned so that swinging cannot "ring the scaffold into contact with another
surface(
2A5 #oatswainsC chair tackle shall consist of correct size "all "earings or "ushed "locks containing
safet, hooks and $ro$erl, Fe,e's$licedF minimum fi%e'eighth 2:G85 inch 26(9 cm5 diameter
firstgrade manila ro$e& or other ro$e which will satisf, the criteria 2e(g(& strength and dura"ilit,5 of
manila ro$e(
2E5 #oatswainsC chair seat slings shall "e ree%ed through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross
each other on the underside of the seat; and shall "e rigged so as to $re%ent sli$$age which
could cause an out'of'le%el condition(
2:5 #oatswainsC chair seat slings shall "e a minimum of fi%e'eight 2:G85 inch 26(9 cm5 diameter
fi"er& s,nthetic& or other ro$e which will satisf, the criteria 2e(g(& strength& sli$ resistance&
dura"ilit,& etc(5 of first grade manila ro$e(
295 When a heat'$roducing $rocess such as gas or arc welding is "eing conducted& "oatswainsC
chair seat slings shall "e a minimum of three'eight 2AG85 inch 26(4 cm5 wire ro$e(
2=5 Non'cross'laminated wood "oatswainsC chairs shall "e reinforced on their underside ", cleats
securel, fastened to $re%ent the "oard from s$litting(
2$5 /.o9point adCustable suspension scaffolds *s.in$ sta$es-5 The following re-uirements do
not a$$l, to two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds used as masonsC or stonesettersC scaffolds(
Such scaffolds are co%ered ", $aragra$h 2-5 of this section(
265 Platforms shall not "e more than A9 inches 24(7 m5 wide unless designed ", a -ualified
$erson to $re%ent unsta"le conditions(
235 The $latform shall "e securel, fastened to hangers 2stirru$s5 ", >'"olts or ", other means
which satisf, the re-uirements of S6739(E:62a5(
2A5 The "locks for fi"er or s,nthetic ro$es shall consist of at least one dou"le and one single
"lock( The shea%es of all "locks shall fit the size of the ro$e used(
2E5 Platforms shall "e of the ladder't,$e& $lankt,$e& "eam't,$e& or light'metal t,$e( ?ight
metalt,$e $latforms ha%ing a rated ca$acit, of =:4 $ounds or less and $latforms E4 feet 263(3 m5
or less in length shall "e tested and listed ", a nationall, recognized testing la"orator,(
2:5 Two'$oint scaffolds shall not "e "ridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising
and lowering o$erations unless the "ridge connections are articulated 2attached5& and the hoists
$ro$erl, sized(
295 Passage ma, "e made from one $latform to another onl, when the $latforms are at the same
height& are a"utting& and walk'through stirru$s s$ecificall, designed for this $ur$ose are used(
2-5 #ulti9point adCustable suspension scaffolds: stonesettersE !ulti9point adCustable
suspension scaffolds: and !asonsE !ulti9point adCustable suspension scaffolds5
265 When two or more scaffolds are used the, shall not "e "ridged one to another unless the, are
designed to "e "ridged& the "ridge connections are articulated& and the hoists are $ro$erl, sized(
235 Df "ridges are not used& $assage ma, "e made from one $latform to another onl, when the
$latforms are at the same height and are a"utting(
2A5 Scaffolds shall "e sus$ended from metal outriggers& "rackets& wire ro$e slings& hooks& or
means that meet e-ui%alent criteria 2e(g(& strength& dura"ilit,5(
2r5 Catenar scaffolds5 265 No more than one $latform shall "e $laced "etween consecuti%e
%ertical $icku$s& and no more than two $latforms shall "e used on a catenar, scaffold(
235 Platforms su$$orted ", wire ro$es shall ha%e hook' sha$ed sto$s on each end of the
$latforms to $re%ent them from sli$$ing off the wire ro$es( These hooks shall "e so $laced that
the, will $re%ent the $latform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ro$es "reaks(
2A5 Wire ro$es shall not "e tightened to the extent that the a$$lication of a scaffold load will
o%erstress them(
2E5 Wire ro$es shall "e continuous and without s$lices "etween anchors(
2s5 Float *ship- scaffolds5 265 The $latform shall "e su$$orted ", a minimum of two "earers&
each of which shall $roBect a minimum of 9 inches 26:(3 cm5 "e,ond the $latform on "oth sides(
Each "earer shall "e securel, fastened to the $latform(
235 Ro$e connections shall "e such that the $latform cannot shift or sli$(
2A5 When onl, two ro$es are used with each float1
2i5 The, shall "e arranged so as to $ro%ide four ends which are securel, fastened to o%erhead
su$$orts(
2ii5 Each su$$orting ro$e shall "e hitched around one end of the "earer and $ass under the
$latform to the other end of the "earer where it is hitched again& lea%ing sufficient ro$e at each
end for the su$$orting ties(
2t5 Interior hun$ scaffolds5 265 Scaffolds shall "e sus$ended onl, from the roof structure or other
structural mem"er such as ceiling "eams(
235 )%erhead su$$orting mem"ers 2roof structure& ceiling "eams& or other structural mem"ers5
shall "e ins$ected and checked for strength "efore the scaffold is erected(
2A5 Sus$ension ro$es and ca"les shall "e connected to the o%erhead su$$orting mem"ers ",
shackles& cli$s& thim"les& or other means that meet e-ui%alent criteria 2e(g(& strength& dura"ilit,5(
2u5 8eedle bea! scaffolds5 265 Scaffold su$$ort "eams shall "e installed on edge(
235 Ro$es or hangers shall "e used for su$$orts& exce$t that one end of a needle "eam scaffold
ma, "e su$$orted ", a $ermanent structural mem"er(
2A5 The ro$es shall "e securel, attached to the needle "eams(
2E5 The su$$ort connection shall "e arranged so as to $re%ent the needle "eam from rolling or
"ecoming dis$laced(
2:5 Platform units shall "e securel, attached to the needle "eams ", "olts or e-ui%alent means(
.leats and o%erhang are not considered to "e ade-uate means of attachment(
2%5 +ulti'le%el sus$ended scaffolds( 265 Scaffolds shall "e e-ui$$ed with additional inde$endent
su$$ort lines& e-ual in num"er to the num"er of $oints su$$orted& and of e-ui%alent strength to
the sus$ension ro$es& and rigged to su$$ort the scaffold in the e%ent the sus$ension ro$e2s5 fail(
235 Dnde$endent su$$ort lines and sus$ension ro$es shall not "e attached to the same $oints of
anchorage(
2A5 Su$$orts for $latforms shall "e attached directl, to the su$$ort stirru$ and not to an, other
$latform(
2w5 #obile scaffolds5 265 Scaffolds shall "e "raced ", cross& horizontal& or diagonal "races& or
com"ination thereof& to $re%ent racking or colla$se of the scaffold and to secure %ertical mem"ers
together laterall, so as to automaticall, s-uare and align the %ertical mem"ers( Scaffolds shall "e
$lum"& le%el& and s-uared( *ll "race connections shall "e secured(
2i5 Scaffolds constructed of tu"e and cou$ler com$onents shall also com$l, with the re-uirements
of $aragra$h 2"5 of this section;
2ii5 Scaffolds constructed of fa"ricated frame com$onents shall also com$l, with the re-uirements
of $aragra$h 2c5 of this section(
235 Scaffold casters and wheels shall "e locked with $ositi%e wheel andGor wheel and swi%el
locks& or e-ui%alent means& to $re%ent mo%ement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a
stationar, manner(
2A5 +anual force used to mo%e the scaffold shall "e a$$lied as close to the "ase as $ractica"le&
"ut not more than : feet 26(: m5 a"o%e the su$$orting surface(
2E5 Power s,stems used to $ro$el mo"ile scaffolds shall "e designed for such use( Forklifts&
trucks& similar motor %ehicles or add'on motors shall not "e used to $ro$el scaffolds unless the
scaffold is designed for such $ro$ulsion s,stems(
2:5 Scaffolds shall "e sta"ilized to $re%ent ti$$ing during mo%ement(
295 Em$lo,ees shall not "e allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist1
2i5 The surface on which the scaffold is "eing mo%ed is within A degrees of le%el& and free of $its&
holes& and o"structions;
2ii5 The height to "ase width ratio of the scaffold during mo%ement is two to one or less& unless the
scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationall, recognized sta"ilit, test
re-uirements such as those listed in $aragra$h 2x5 of *$$endix * to this su"$art 2*NSDGSD* *73(:
and *73(95;
2iii5 )utrigger frames& when used& are installed on "oth sides of the scaffold;
2i%5 When $ower s,stems are used& the $ro$elling force is a$$lied directl, to the wheels& and
does not $roduce a s$eed in excess of 6 foot $er second 2(A m$s5; and
2%5 No em$lo,ee is on an, $art of the scaffold which extends outward "e,ond the wheels&
casters& or other su$$orts(
2=5 Platforms shall not extend outward "e,ond the "ase su$$orts of the scaffold unless outrigger
frames or e-ui%alent de%ices are used to ensure sta"ilit,(
285 Where le%eling of the scaffold is necessar,& screw Backs or e-ui%alent means shall "e used(
275 .aster stems and wheel stems shall "e $inned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or
adBustment screws(
2645 #efore a scaffold is mo%ed& each em$lo,ee on the scaffold shall "e made aware of the
mo%e(
2x5 +epair brac0et scaffolds5 265 #rackets shall "e secured in $lace ", at least one wire ro$e at
least 6G3 inch 26(3= cm5 in diameter(
235 Each "racket shall "e attached to the securing wire ro$e 2or ro$es5 ", a $ositi%e locking
de%ice ca$a"le of $re%enting the unintentional detachment of the "racket from the ro$e& or ",
e-ui%alent means(
2A5 Each "racket& at the contact $oint "etween the su$$orting structure and the "ottom of the
"racket& shall "e $ro%ided with a shoe 2heel "lock or foot5 ca$a"le of $re%enting the lateral
mo%ement of the "racket(
2E5 Platforms shall "e secured to the "rackets in a manner that will $re%ent the se$aration of the
$latforms from the "rackets and the mo%ement of the $latforms or the "rackets on a com$leted
scaffold(
2:5 When a wire ro$e is $laced around the structure in order to $ro%ide a safe anchorage for
$ersonal fall arrest s,stems used ", em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling scaffolds& the wire ro$e
shall meet the re-uirements of su"$art + of this $art& "ut shall "e at least :G69 inch 24(8 cm5 in
diameter(
295 Each wire ro$e used for securing "rackets in $lace or as an anchorage for $ersonal fall arrest
s,stems shall "e $rotected from damage due to contact with edges& corners& $rotrusions& or other
discontinuities of the su$$orting structure or scaffold com$onents(
2=5 Tensioning of each wire ro$e used for securing "rackets in $lace or as an anchorage for
$ersonal fall arrest s,stems shall "e ", means of a turn"uckle at least 6 inch 23(:E cm5 in
diameter& or ", e-ui%alent means(
285 Each turn"uckle shall "e connected to the other end of its ro$e ", use of an e,es$lice thim"le
of a size a$$ro$riate to the turn"uckle to which it is attached(
275 >'"olt wire ro$e cli$s shall not "e used on an, wire ro$e used to secure "rackets or to ser%e
as an anchor for $ersonal fall arrest s,stems(
2645 The em$lo,er shall ensure that materials shall not "e dro$$ed to the outside of the
su$$orting structure(
2665 Scaffold erection shall $rogress in onl, one direction around an, structure(
2,5 Stilts
Stilts& when used& shall "e used in accordance with the following re-uirements1
265 *n em$lo,ee ma, wear stilts on a scaffold onl, if it is a large area scaffold(
235 When an em$lo,ee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail s,stem is used to
$ro%ide fall $rotection& the guardrail s,stem shall "e increased in height ", an amount e-ual to
the height of the stilts "eing used ", the em$lo,ee(
2A5 Surfaces on which stilts are used shall "e flat and free of $its& holes and o"structions& such as
de"ris& as well as other tri$$ing and falling hazards(
2E5 Stilts shall "e $ro$erl, maintained( *n, alteration of the original e-ui$ment shall "e a$$ro%ed
", the manufacturer(
&3)456'% Aerial lifts5
2a5 General re1uire!ents5 265 >nless otherwise $ro%ided in this section& aerial lifts ac-uired for
use on or after @anuar, 33& 67=A shall "e designed and constructed in conformance with the
a$$lica"le re-uirements of the *merican National Standards for F0ehicle +ounted Ele%ating and
Rotating Work Platforms&F *NSD *73(3'6797& including a$$endix( *erial lifts ac-uired "efore
@anuar, 33& 67=A& which do not meet the re-uirements of *NSD *73(3'6797& ma, not "e used
after @anuar, 6& 67=9& unless the, shall ha%e "een modified so as to conform with the a$$lica"le
design and construction re-uirements of *NSD *73(3'6797( *erial lifts include the following t,$es
of %ehicle'mounted aerial de%ices used to ele%ate $ersonnel to Bo"'sites a"o%e ground1 2i5
Extensi"le "oom $latforms; 2ii5 aerial ladders; 2iii5 articulating "oom $latforms; 2i%5 %ertical towers;
and 2%5 a com"ination of an, of this e-ui$ment( *erial e-ui$ment ma, "e made of metal& wood&
fi"erglass reinforced $lastic 2FRP5& or other material; ma, "e $owered or manuall, o$erated; and
are deemed to "e aerial lifts whether or not the, are ca$a"le of rotating a"out a su"stantiall,
%ertical axis(
235 *erial lifts ma, "e Ffield modifiedF for uses other than those intended ", the manufacturer
$ro%ided the modification has "een certified in writing ", the manufacturer or ", an, other
e-ui%alent entit,& such as a nationall, recognized testing la"orator,& to "e in conformit, with all
a$$lica"le $ro%isions of *NSD *73(3'6797 and this section and to "e at least as safe as the
e-ui$ment was "efore modification(
2"5 Specific re1uire!ents5 265 ?adder trucks and tower trucks( *erial ladders shall "e secured in
the lower tra%eling $osition ", the locking de%ice on to$ of the truck ca"& and the manuall,
o$erated de%ice at the "ase of the ladder "efore the truck is mo%ed for highwa, tra%el(
235 Extensi"le and articulating "oom $latforms( 2i5 ?ift controls shall "e tested each da, $rior to
use to determine that such controls are in safe working condition(
2ii5 )nl, authorized $ersons shall o$erate an aerial lift(
2iii5 #elting off to an adBacent $ole& structure& or e-ui$ment while working from an aerial lift shall
not "e $ermitted(
2i%5 Em$lo,ees shall alwa,s stand firml, on the floor of the "asket& and shall not sit or clim" on
the edge of the "asket or use $lanks& ladders& or other de%ices for a work $osition(
2%5 * "od, "elt shall "e worn and a lan,ard attached to the "oom or "asket when working from an
aerial lift(
2%i5 #oom and "asket load limits s$ecified ", the manufacturer shall not "e exceeded(
2%ii5 The "rakes shall "e set and when outriggers are used& the, shall "e $ositioned on $ads or a
solid surface( Wheel chocks shall "e installed "efore using an aerial lift on an incline& $ro%ided
the, can "e safel, installed(
2%iii5 *n aerial lift truck shall not "e mo%ed when the "oom is ele%ated in a working $osition with
men in the "asket& exce$t for e-ui$ment which is s$ecificall, designed for this t,$e of o$eration in
accordance with the $ro%isions of $aragra$hs 2a5265 and 235 of this section(
2ix5 *rticulating "oom and extensi"le "oom $latforms& $rimaril, designed as $ersonnel carriers&
shall ha%e "oth $latform 2u$$er5 and lower controls( >$$er controls shall "e in or "eside the
$latform within eas, reach of the o$erator( ?ower controls shall $ro%ide for o%erriding the u$$er
controls( .ontrols shall "e $lainl, marked as to their function( ?ower le%el controls shall not "e
o$erated unless $ermission has "een o"tained from the em$lo,ee in the lift& exce$t in case of
emergenc,(
2x5 .lim"ers shall not "e worn while $erforming work from an aerial lift(
2xi5 The insulated $ortion of an aerial lift shall not "e altered in an, manner that might reduce its
insulating %alue(
2xii5 #efore mo%ing an aerial lift for tra%el& the "oom2s5 shall "e ins$ected to see that it is $ro$erl,
cradled and outriggers are in stowed $osition exce$t as $ro%ided in $aragra$h 2"52352%iii5 of this
section(
2A5 Electrical tests( *ll electrical tests shall conform to the re-uirements of *NSD *73(3'6797
section :( Howe%er e-ui%alent d(c( %oltage tests ma, "e used in lieu of the a(c( %oltage s$ecified
in *73(3'6797; d(c( %oltage tests which are a$$ro%ed ", the e-ui$ment manufacturer or
e-ui%alent entit, shall "e considered an e-ui%alent test for the $ur$ose of this $aragra$h 2"52A5(
2E5 #ursting safet, factor( The $ro%isions of the *merican National Standards Dnstitute standard
*NSD *73(3'6797& section E(7 #ursting Safet, Factor shall a$$l, to all critical h,draulic and
$neumatic com$onents( .ritical com$onents are those in which a failure would result in a free fall
or free rotation of the "oom( *ll noncritical com$onents shall ha%e a "ursting safet, factor of at
least 3 to 6(
2:5 Welding standards( *ll welding shall conform to the following standards as a$$lica"le1
2i5 Standard Oualification Procedure& *WS # A(4'E6(
2ii5 Recommended Practices for *utomoti%e Welding esign& *WS 8(E'96(
2iii5 Standard Oualification of Welding Procedures and Welders for Pi$ing and Tu"ing& *WS
64(7'97(
2i%5 S$ecifications for Welding Highwa, and Railwa, #ridges& *WS 3(4'97(
N)TE to S6739(E:A1 Non'mandator, *$$endix . to this su"$art lists exam$les of national
consensus standards that are considered to $ro%ide em$lo,ee $rotection e-ui%alent to that
$ro%ided through the a$$lication of *NSD *73(3'6797& where a$$ro$riate( This incor$oration ",
reference was a$$ro%ed ", the irector of the Federal Register in accordance with : >(S(.(
::32a5 and 6 .FR $art :6( .o$ies ma, "e o"tained from the *merican National Standards
Dnstitute( .o$ies ma, "e ins$ected at the ocket )ffice& )ccu$ational Safet, and Health
*dministration& >(S( e$artment of ?a"or& 344 .onstitution *%enue& NW(& room N39AE&
Washington& . or at the )ffice of the Federal Register& 844 North .a$itol Street& NW(& suite =44&
Washington& .(
2&3)456'6 /rainin$ re1uire!ents5
This section su$$lements and clarifies the re-uirements of S6739(362"5235 as these relate to the
hazards of work on scaffolds(
2a5 The em$lo,er shall ha%e each em$lo,ee who $erforms work while on a scaffold trained ", a
$erson -ualified in the su"Bect matter to recognize the hazards associated with the t,$e of
scaffold "eing used and to understand the $rocedures to control or minimize those hazards( The
training shall include the following areas& as a$$lica"le1
265 The nature of an, electrical hazards& fall hazards and falling o"Bect hazards in the work area;
235 The correct $rocedures for dealing with electrical hazards and for erecting& maintaining& and
disassem"ling the fall $rotection s,stems and falling o"Bect $rotection s,stems "eing used;
2A5 The $ro$er use of the scaffold& and the $ro$er handling of materials on the scaffold;
2E5 The maximum intended load and the loadcarr,ing ca$acities of the scaffolds used; and
2:5 *n, other $ertinent re-uirements of this su"$art(
2"5 The em$lo,er shall ha%e each em$lo,ee who is in%ol%ed in erecting& disassem"ling& mo%ing&
o$erating& re$airing& maintaining& or ins$ecting a scaffold trained ", a com$etent $erson to
recognize an, hazards associated with the work in -uestion( The training shall include the
following to$ics& as a$$lica"le1
265 The nature of scaffold hazards;
235 The correct $rocedures for erecting& disassem"ling& mo%ing& o$erating& re$airing& ins$ecting&
and maintaining the t,$e of scaffold in -uestion;
2A5 The design criteria& maximum intended load carr,ing ca$acit, and intended use of the
scaffold;
2E5 *n, other $ertinent re-uirements of this su"$art(
2c5 When the em$lo,er has reason to "elie%e that an em$lo,ee lacks the skill or understanding
needed for safe work in%ol%ing the erection& use or dismantling of scaffolds& the em$lo,er shall
retrain each such em$lo,ee so that the re-uisite $roficienc, is regained( Retraining is re-uired in
at least the following situations1
265 Where changes at the worksite $resent a hazard a"out which an em$lo,ee has not "een
$re%iousl, trained; or
235 Where changes in the t,$es of scaffolds& fall $rotection& falling o"Bect $rotection& or other
e-ui$ment $resent a hazard a"out which an em$lo,ee has not "een $re%iousl, trained; or
2A5 Where inade-uacies in an affected em$lo,eeCs work in%ol%ing scaffolds indicate that the
em$lo,ee has not retained the re-uisite $roficienc,(
8on9#andator Appendices
8on9!andator Appendix A to Subpart 7 99 Scaffold Specifications
This *$$endix $ro%ides non'mandator, guidelines to assist em$lo,ers in com$l,ing with the
re-uirements of su"$art ? of this $art( *n em$lo,er ma, use these guidelines and ta"les as a
starting $oint for designing scaffold s,stems( Howe%er& the guidelines do not $ro%ide all the
information necessar, to "uild a com$lete s,stem& and the em$lo,er is still res$onsi"le for
designing and assem"ling these com$onents in such a wa, that the com$leted s,stem will meet
the re-uirements of S6739(E:62a5( Scaffold com$onents which are not selected and loaded in
accordance with this *$$endix& and com$onents for which no s$ecific guidelines or ta"les are
gi%en in this *$$endix 2e(g(& Boints& ties& com$onents for wood $ole scaffolds more than 94 feet in
height& com$onents for hea%,dut, horse scaffolds& com$onents made with other materials& and
com$onents with other dimensions& etc(5 must "e designed and constructed in accordance with
the ca$acit, re-uirements of S6739(E:62a5& and loaded in accordance with S6739(E:62d5265(
Index to Appendix A for Subpart 7
6( /eneral guidelines and ta"les(
3( S$ecific guidelines and ta"les(
2a5 Pole scaffolds1 Single'$ole wood $ole scaffolds( Dnde$endent wood $ole scaffolds(
2c5 Fa"ricated frame scaffolds(
2d5 PlasterersC& decoratorsC and large area scaffolds(
2e5 #rickla,ersC s-uare scaffolds(
2f5 Horse scaffolds(
2g5 Form scaffolds and car$entersC "racket
2h5 Roof "racket scaffolds(
2i5 )utrigger scaffolds 2one le%el5(
2B5 Pum$ Back scaffolds(
2l5 Window Back scaffolds(
2m5 .rawling "oards 2chicken ladders5(
2n5 Ste$& $latform and trestle ladder scaffolds(
2o5 Single'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds(
2$5 Two'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds(
2-5265 StonesettersC multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds(
2-5235 +asonsC multi'$oint adBusta"le sus$ension scaffolds(
2r5 .atenar, scaffolds(
2s5 Float 2shi$5 scaffolds(
2t5 Dnterior hung scaffolds(
2u5 Needle "eam scaffolds(
2%5 +ulti'le%el sus$ension scaffolds(
2w5 +o"ile scaffolds(
2x5 Re$air "racket scaffolds(
2,5 Stilts(
2z5 Tank "uildersC scaffolds(
&5 General $uidelines and tables5
2a5 The following ta"les& and the ta"les in Part 3 '' S$ecific guidelines and ta"les& assume that all
load'carr,ing tim"er mem"ers 2exce$t $lanks5 of the scaffold are a minimum of 6&:44 l"'fGin3
2stress grade5 construction grade lum"er( *ll dimensions are nominal sizes as $ro%ided in the
*merican Softwood ?um"er Standards& dated @anuar, 67=4& exce$t that& where rough sizes are
noted& onl, rough or undressed lum"er of the size s$ecified will satisf, minimum re-uirements(
2"5 Solid sawn wood used as scaffold $lanks shall "e selected for such use following the grading
rules esta"lished ", a recognized lum"er grading association or ", an inde$endent lum"er
grading ins$ection agenc,( Such $lanks shall "e identified ", the grade stam$ of such association
or agenc,( The association or agenc, and the grading rules under which the wood is graded shall
"e certified ", the #oard of Re%iew& *merican ?um"er Standard .ommittee& as set forth in the
*merican Softwood ?um"er Standard of the >(S( e$artment of .ommerce(
*llowa"le s$ans shall "e determined in com$liance with the National esign S$ecification for
Wood .onstruction $u"lished ", the National Forest Products *ssociation; $aragra$h : of *NSD
*64(8'6788 Scaffolding'Safet, Re-uirements $u"lished ", the *merican National Standards
Dnstitute; or for 3 x 64 inch 2nominal5 or 3 x 7 inch 2rough5 solid sawn wood $lanks& as shown in
the following ta"le1
+aximum Dntended Nominal ?oad
2l"Gft
35
+aximum Permissi"le S$an >sing Full
Thickness >ndressed ?um"er 2ft5
+aximum Permissi"le S$an >sing
Nominal Thickness ?um"er 2ft5
3:
:4
=:
64
8
9
8
9
P
The maximum $ermissi"le s$an for 6'6GE x 7'inch or wider wood $lank of full thickness with a
maximum intended load of :4 l"Gft
3
shall "e E feet(
2c5 Fa"ricated $lanks and $latforms ma, "e used in lieu of solid sawn wood $lanks( +aximum
s$ans for such units shall "e as recommended ", the manufacturer "ased on the maximum
intended load "eing calculated as follows1
+ated 7oad Capacit
?ight'dut,
+edium'dut,
Hea%,'dut,
)ne'$erson
Two'$erson
Three'$erson
Intended 7oad
T3: $ounds $er s-uare foot a$$lied uniforml, o%er the entire s$an area(
T:4 $ounds $er s-uare foot a$$lied uniforml, o%er the entire s$an area(
T=: $ounds $er s-uare foot a$$lied uniforml, o%er the entire s$an area(
T3:4 $ounds $laced at the center of the s$an 2total 3:4 $ounds5(
T3:4 $ounds $laced 68 inches to the left and right of the center of the s$an 2total :44 $ounds5(
T3:4 $ounds $laced at the center of the s$an and 3:4 $ounds $laced 68 inches to the left and right
of the center of the s$an 2total =:4 $ounds5(
N)TE1 Platform units used to make scaffold $latforms intended for light'dut, use shall "e ca$a"le
of su$$orting at least 3: $ounds $er s-uare foot a$$lied uniforml, o%er the entire unit's$an area&
or a 3:4'$ound $oint load $laced on the unit at the center of the s$an& whiche%er load $roduces
the greater shear force(
2d5 /uardrails shall "e as follows1
2i5 To$rails shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to 3 inch ", E inch lum"er; or 6'6GE inch x 6G8 inch
structural angle iron; or 6 inch x (4=4 inch wall steel tu"ing; or 6(774 inch x (4:8 inch wall
aluminum tu"ing(
2ii5 +idrails shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to 6 inch ", 9 inch lum"er; or 6'6GE inch x 6'6GE inch x
6G8 inch structural angle iron; or 6 inch x (4=4 inch wall steel tu"ing; or 6(774 inch x (4:8 inch wall
aluminum tu"ing(
2iii5 Toe"oards shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to 6 inch ", E inch lum"er; or 6'6GE inch x 6'6GE inch
structural angle iron; or 6 inch x (4=4 inch wall steel tu"ing; or 6(774 inch x (4:8 inch wall
aluminum tu"ing(
2i%5 Posts shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to 3 inch ", E inch lum"er; or 6'6GE inch x 6'6GE inch x
6G8 structural angle iron; or 6 inch x (4=4 inch wall steel tu"ing; or 6(774 inch x (4:8 inch wall
aluminum tu"ing(
2%5 istance "etween $osts shall not exceed 8 feet(
2e5 )%erhead $rotection shall consist of 3 inch nominal $lanking laid tight& or AGE'inch $l,wood(
2f5 Screen installed "etween toe"oards and midrails or to$rails shall consist of No( 68 gauge >(S(
Standard wire one inch mesh(
3( Specific $uidelines and tables5
$a% )ole Scaffolds*
Sin$le ;ole <ood ;ole Scaffolds

?ight ut,
u$ to
34 feet High
?ight ut,
u$ to
94 feet High
+edium ut,
u$ to
94 feet High
Hea%, ut,
u$ to
94 feet High
+aximum intended load 3: l"sGft
3
3: l"sGft
3
:4 l"sGft
3
=: l"sGft
3
Poles or u$rights 3 x E in( E x E in( E x E in( E x 9 in(
+aximum $ole s$acing 2longitudinal5 9 feet 64 feet 8 feet 9 feet
+aximum $ole s$acing 2trans%erse5 : feet : feet : feet : feet
Runners 6 x E in( 6'6GE x 7 in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in(
#earers and maximum s$acing of "earers1

A feet 3 x E in( 3 x E in( 3 x 64 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 64 in(
or
A x : in(
: feet 3 x 9 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 9 in(
or
A x E in(
2rough5
3 x 64 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 64 in(
or
A x : in(
9 feet U U 3 x 64 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 64 in(
or
A x : in(
8 feet U U 3 x 64 in(
or
A x E in(
U
Planking 6'6GE x 7 in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in(
+aximum %ertical s$acing
of horizontal mem"ers
= feet 7 feet = feet 9 ft( 9 in(
#racing horizontal 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 6 x 9 in(
or
6'6GE x E in(
3 x E in(
#racing diagonal 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 3 x E in(
Tie'ins 6 x E in 6 x E in 6 x E in( 6 x E in(
N)TE1 *ll mem"ers exce$t $lanking are used on edge( *ll wood "earers shall "e reinforced with
AG69 x 3 inch steel stri$& or the e-ui%alent& secured to the lower edges for the entire length of the
"earer(
Independent <ood ;ole Scaffolds
?ight ut,
u$ to
34 feet High
?ight ut,
u$ to
94 feet High
+edium ut,
u$ to
94 feet High
Hea%, ut,
u$ to
94 feet High
+aximum intended load 3: l"sGft
3
3: l"sGft
3
:4 l"sGft
3
=: l"sGft
3
Poles or u$rights 3 x E in( E x E in( E x E in( E x E in(
+aximum $ole s$acing
2longitudinal5
9 feet 64 feet 8 feet 9 feet
+aximum 2trans%erse5 9 feet 64 feet 8 feet 8 feet
Runners 6'6GE x E in( 6'6GE x 7 in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in(
#earers and maximum s$acing of "earers1

A feet 3 x E in( 3 x E in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in(
2rough5
9 feet 3 x 9 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 64 in(
2rough5 or
A x 8 in(
3 K 64 in( 3 x 64 in(
or 2rough5
8 feet 3 x 9 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 64 in(
2rough5 or
A x 8 in(
3 x 64 in( U
64 feet 3 x 9 in(
or
A x E in(
3 x 64 in(
2rough5 or
A x A in(
U U
Planking 6'6GE x 7 in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in( 3 x 64 in(
+aximum %ertical s$acing
of horizontal mem"ers
= feet = feet 9 feet 9 feet
#racing horizontal 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 6 x 9 in(
or
6'6GE x E in(
3 x E in(
#racing diagonal 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 3 x E in(
Tie'ins 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 6 x E in( 6 x E in(
N)TE1 *ll mem"ers exce$t $lanking are used on edge( *ll wood "earers shall "e reinforced with
AG69 x 3 inch steel stri$& or the e-ui%alent& secured to the lower edges for the entire length of the
"earer(
*b- /ube and coupler scaffolds5
#ini!u! SiFe of #e!bers
?ight
ut,
+edium
ut,
Hea%,
ut,
+aximum intended load 3: l"sGft
3
:4 l"sGft
3
=: l"sGft
3
Posts& runners& and
"races
Nominal 3 in(
26(74 inches5
) steel tu"e
or $i$e
Nominal 3 in(
26(74 inches5
) steel tu"e
or $i$e
Nominal 3 in(
26(74 inches5
) steel tu"e
or $i$e
#earers Nominal 3 in(
26(74 inches5
) steel tu"e
or $i$e and a
Nominal 3 in( 26(74 inches5
) steel tu"e or $i$e and a maximum $ost
s$acing of
E ft( x = ft(
Nominal 3'6G3 in(
23(A=: in(5
) steel tu"e
or $i$e and a
maximum
$ost
s$acing of
E ft( x 64 ft(I
or
Nominal 3'6G3 in( 23(A=: in(5
) steel tu"e or $i$e and a maximum $ost
s$acing of
9 ft( x 8 ft(I
maximum $ost
s$acing of
9 ft( x 9 ft(
+aximum runner s$acing
%erticall,
9 ft( 9 in( 9 ft( 9 in( 9 ft( 9 in(
89earers shall 'e installed in the direction of the shorter di0ension*
N)TE1 ?ongitudinal diagonal "racing shall "e installed at an angle of E:o 2V :o5(
:a;i0u0 <u0'er of Additional )lan7ed +evels
:a;i0u0
Hei#ht of
Scaffold
$in feet%
?ight ut, +edium ut, Hea%, ut,
Num"er of Working
?e%els

6 69 66 9 63:
3 66 6 4 63:
A 9 4 4 63:
E 6 4 4 63:
2c5 !a'ricated fra0e scaffolds* #ecause of their $refa"ricated nature& no additional guidelines or
ta"les for these scaffolds are "eing ado$ted in this *$$endix(
2d5 )lasterers=( decorators=( and lar#e area scaffolds* The guidelines for $ole scaffolds or tu"e and
cou$ler scaffolds 2*$$endix *2a5 and 2"55 ma, "e a$$lied(
2e5 9ric7layers= s1uare scaffolds*
+aximum intended load :4 l"Gft 3I
+aximum width : ft
+aximum height : ft
/ussets 6 x 9 in
#races 6 x 8 in
?egs 3 x 9 in
#earers 2horizontal mem"ers5 3 x 9 in
IThe s-uares shall "e set not more than 8 feet a$art for light dut, scaffolds and not more than :
feet a$art for medium dut, scaffolds(
2f5 Horse scaffolds(
+aximum intended load 2light dut,5 3: l"Gft 3I
+aximum intended load 2medium dut,5 :4 l"Gft 3I
Horizontal mem"ers or "earers1
?ight dut, 3 x E in
+edium dut, A x E in
?egs 3 x E in
?ongitudinal "race "etween legs 6 x 9 in
/usset "race at to$ of legs 6 x 8 in
Half diagonal "races 3 x E in
IHorses shall "e s$aced not more than 8 feet a$art for light dut, loads& and not more than : feet
a$art for medium dut, loads(
2g5 !or0 scaffolds and carpenters= 'rac7et scaffolds*
265 #rackets shall consist of a triangular'sha$ed frame made of wood with a cross'section not
less than 3 inches ", A inches& or of 6'6GE inch x 6'6GE inch x 6G8 inch structural angle iron(
235 #olts used to attach "rackets to structures shall not "e less than :G8 inches in diameter(
2A5 +aximum "racket s$acing shall "e 8 feet on centers(
2E5 No more than two em$lo,ees shall occu$, an, gi%en 8 feet of a "racket or form scaffold at
an, one time(
Tools and materials shall not exceed =: $ounds in addition to the occu$anc,(
2:5 Wooden figure'four scaffolds1
+aximum intended load 3: l"Gft
3

>$rights 3 x E in or 3 x 9 in
#earers 2two5 6 x 9 in
#races 6 x 9 in
+aximum length of "earers 2unsu$$orted5 A ft ' 9 in
2i5 )utrigger "earers shall consist of two $ieces of 6 x 9 inch lum"er nailed on o$$osite sides of
the %ertical su$$ort(
2ii5 #earers for wood figure'four "rackets shall $roBect not more than A feet 9 inches from the
outside of the form su$$ort& and shall "e "raced and secured to $re%ent ti$$ing or turning( The
knee or angle "race shall intersect the "earer at least A feet from the form at an angle of
a$$roximatel, E: degrees& and the lower end shall "e nailed to a %ertical su$$ort(
295 +etal "racket scaffolds1
+aximum intended load 3: l"Gft
3
>$rights 3 x E inch
#earers *s designed
#races *s designed
2=5 Wood "racket scaffolds1
+aximum intended load 3: l"Gft
3
>$rights 3 x E in or 3 x 9 in
#earers 3 x 9 in
+aximum scaffold width A ft 9 in
#races 6 x 9 in
2h5 "oof 'rac7et scaffolds* No s$ecific guidelines or ta"les are gi%en(
2i5 Outri##er scaffolds $sin#le level%* No s$ecific guidelines or ta"les are gi%en(
2B5 )u0p /ac7 scaffolds* Wood $oles shall not exceed A4 feet in height( +aximum intended load ''
:44 l"s "etween $oles; a$$lied at the center of the s$an( Not more than two em$lo,ees shall "e
on a $um$ Back scaffold at one time "etween an, two su$$orts( When 3 x ECs are s$liced together
to make a E x E inch wood $ole& the, shall "e s$liced with F64 $enn,F common nails no more than
63 inches center to center& staggered uniforml, from the o$$osite outside edges(
2k5 +adder /ac7 scaffolds* +aximum intended load '' 3: l"Gft
3
( Howe%er& not more than two
em$lo,ees shall occu$, an, $latform at an, one time( +aximum s$an "etween su$$orts shall "e
8 feet(
2l5 6indow /ac7 scaffolds* Not more than one em$lo,ee shall occu$, a window Back scaffold at
an, one time(
2m5 Crawlin# 'oards $chic7en ladders%* .rawling "oards shall "e not less than 64 inches wide and
6 inch thick& with cleats ha%ing a minimum 6 x 6'6G 3 inch cross'sectional area( The cleats shall
"e e-ual in length to the width of the "oard and s$aced at e-ual inter%als not to exceed 3E
inches(
2n5 Step( platfor0( and trestle ladder scaffolds* No additional guidelines or ta"les are gi%en(
2o5 Sin#le,point ad/usta'le suspension scaffolds* +aximum intended load '' 3:4 l"s(
Wood seats for "oatswainsC chairs shall "e not less than 6 inch thick if made of non'laminated
wood& or :G8 inches thick if made of marine -ualit, $l,wood(
2$5 Two,point ad/usta'le suspension scaffolds*
265 Dn addition to direct connections to "uildings 2exce$t window cleanersC anchors5 acce$ta"le
wa,s to $re%ent scaffold swa, include angulated ro$ing and static lines( *ngulated ro$ing is a
s,stem of $latform sus$ension in which the u$$er wire ro$e shea%es or sus$ension $oints are
closer to the $lane of the "uilding face than the corres$onding attachment $oints on the $latform&
thus causing the $latform to $ress against the face of the "uilding( Static lines are se$arate ro$es
secured at their to$ and "ottom ends closer to the $lane of the "uilding face than the outermost
edge of the $latform( #, drawing the static line taut& the $latform is drawn against the face of the
"uilding(
235 )n sus$ension scaffolds designed for a working load of :44 $ounds& no more than two
em$lo,ees shall "e $ermitted on the scaffold at one time( )n sus$ension scaffolds with a working
load of =:4 $ounds& no more than three em$lo,ees shall "e $ermitted on the scaffold at one
time(
2A5 ?adder't,$e $latforms( The side stringer shall "e of clear straight'grained s$ruce( The rungs
shall "e of straight'grained oak& ash& or hickor,& at least 6'6G8 inches in diameter& with =G8 inch
tenons mortised into the side stringers at least =G8 inch( The stringers shall "e tied together with
tie rods not less than 6GE inch in diameter& $assing through the stringers and ri%eted u$ tight
against washers on "oth ends( The flooring stri$s shall "e s$aced not more than :G8 inch a$art&
exce$t at the side rails where the s$ace ma, "e 6 inch( ?adder't,$e $latforms shall "e
constructed in accordance with the following ta"le1
Schedule for 7adder9/pe ;latfor!s
?ength of Platform 63 feet 6E ! 69 feet 68 ! 34 feet
Side stringers& minimum cross section 2finished sizes51
at ends 6'AGE x 3'AGE in( 6'AGE x 3'AGE in( 6'AGE x A in(
at middle 6'AGE x A'AGE in( 6'AGE x A'AGE in( 6'AGE x E in(
Reinforcing stri$ 2minimum5 * 6G8 x =G8 inch steel reinforcing stri$ shall "e attached to the
side or underside& full length(
Rungs shall "e 6'6G8 inch minimum diameter with at least =G8
inch in diameter tenons& and the maximum s$acing shall "e 63
inches to center(
Tie rods1
Num"er 2minimum5
iameter 2minimum5
A
6GE in(
E
6GE in(
E
6GE in(
Flooring& minimum finished size 6G3 x 3'AGE in( 6G3 x 3'AGE in( 6G3 x 3'AGE in(
Schedule for 7adder9/pe ;latfor!s
?ength of Platform1 33 ! 3E ft 38 ! A4 ft(
Side stringers& minimum cross
section
2finished sizes51
at ends
at middle
6'AGE x A in(
6'AGE x E'6GE in(
6'AGE x A'6G3 in(
6'AGE x : in(
Reinforcing stri$ 2minimum5
* 6G8 x =G8'inch steel reinforcing stri$ shall "e attached to the side or under
side& full length(
Rungs
Rungs shall "e 6'6G8 inch minimum diameter with atleast =G8 inch in diameter
tenons& and the maximum s$acing shall "e 63 inches to center(Tie rods
Num"er 2minimum5 : 9
iameter 2minimum5 6GE in( 6GE in(
Flooring& minimum finished size 6G3 x 3'AGE in( 6G3 x 3'AGE in(
2E5 Plank'T,$e Platforms( Plank't,$e $latforms shall "e com$osed of not less than nominal 3 x 8
inch uns$liced $lanks& connected together on the underside with cleats at inter%als not exceeding
E feet& starting 9 inches from each end( * "ar or other effecti%e means shall "e securel, fastened
to the $latform at each end to $re%ent the $latform from sli$$ing off the hanger( The s$an
"etween hangers for $lank't,$e $latforms shall not exceed 64 feet(
2:5 #eam'T,$e Platforms( #eam $latforms shall ha%e side stringers of lum"er not less than 3 x 9
inches set on edge( The s$an "etween hangers shall not exceed 63 feet when "eam $latforms
are used( The flooring shall "e su$$orted on 3 x 9 inch cross "eams& laid flat and set into the
u$$er edge of the stringers with a snug fit& at inter%als of not more than E feet& securel, nailed to
the cross "eams( Floor'"oards shall not "e s$aced more than 6G3 inch a$art(
2-5265 :ulti,point ad/usta'le suspension scaffolds and stonesetters= 0ulti,point ad/usta'le
suspension scaffolds* No s$ecific guidelines or ta"les are gi%en for these scaffolds(
2-5235 :asons= 0ulti,point ad/usta'le suspension scaffolds* +aximum intended loadU:4 l"Gft3(
Each outrigger "eam shall "e at least a standard = inch& 6:(A $ound steel D'"eam& at least 6: feet
long( Such "eams shall not $roBect more than 9 feet 9 inches "e,ond the "earing $oint( Where
the o%erhang exceeds 9 feet 9 inches& outrigger "eams shall "e com$osed of stronger "eams or
multi$le "eams(
2r5 Catenary scaffolds* 265 +aximum intended load ':44 l"s(
235 Not more than two em$lo,ees shall "e $ermitted on the scaffold at one time(
2A5 +aximum ca$acit, of come'along shall "e 3&444 l"s(
2E5 0ertical $icku$s shall "e s$aced not more than :4 feet a$art(
2:5 Ro$es shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to at least 6G3 inch 26(A cm5 diameter im$ro%ed $low
steel wire ro$e(
2s5 !loat $ship% scaffolds* 265 +aximum intended load U =:4 l"s(
235 Platforms shall "e made of AGE inch $l,wood& e-ui%alent in rating to *merican Pl,wood
*ssociation /rade #'#& /rou$ D& Exterior(
2A5 #earers shall "e made from 3 x E inch& or 6 x 64 inch rough lum"er( The, shall "e free of
knots and other flaws(
2E5 Ro$es shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to at least 6 inch 23(: cm5 diameter first grade manila
ro$e(
2t5 Interior hun# scaffolds*
#earers 2use on edge5 3 x 64 in
+aximum intended load
+aximum s$an
3: l"Gft
3
64 ft
:4 l"Gft
3
64 ft
=: l"Gft
3
= ft
2u5 <eedle 'ea0 scaffolds
+aximum intended load 3: l"Gft
3
#eams E x 9 in
+aximum $latform s$an 8 ft
+aximum "eam s$an 64 ft
265 Ro$es shall "e attached to the needle "eams ", a scaffold hitch or an e,e s$lice( The loose
end of the ro$e shall "e tied ", a "owline knot or ", a round turn and a half hitch(
235 Ro$es shall "e e-ui%alent in strength to at least 6 inch 23(: cm5 diameter first grade manila
ro$e(
2%5 :ulti,level suspension scaffolds* No additional guidelines or ta"les are "eing gi%en for these
scaffolds(
2w5 :o'ile Scaffolds* Sta"ilit, test as descri"ed in the *NSD *73 series documents& as
a$$ro$riate for the t,$e of scaffold& can "e used to esta"lish sta"ilit, for the $ur$ose of
S6739(E:32w5295(
2x5 "epair 'rac7et scaffolds* No additional guidelines or ta"les are "eing gi%en for these
scaffolds(
2,5 Stilts* No s$ecific guidelines or ta"les are gi%en(
2z5 Tan7 'uilder=s scaffold*
265 The maximum distance "etween "rackets to which scaffolding and guardrail su$$orts are
attached shall "e no more than 64 feet 9 inches(
235 Not more than three em$lo,ees shall occu$, a 64 feet 9 inch s$an of scaffold $lanking at an,
time(
2A5 * taut wire or s,nthetic ro$e su$$orted on the scaffold "rackets shall "e installed at the
scaffold $lank le%el "etween the innermost edge of the scaffold $latform and the cur%ed $late
structure of the tank shell to ser%e as a safet, line in lieu of an inner guardrail assem"l, where the
s$ace "etween the scaffold $latform and the tank exceeds 63 inches 2A4(E8 cm5( Dn the e%ent the
o$en s$ace on either side of the ro$e exceeds 63 inches 2A4(E8 cm5& a second wire or s,nthetic
ro$e a$$ro$riatel, $laced& or guardrails in accordance with S6739(E:62e52E5& shall "e installed in
order to reduce that o$en s$ace to less than 63 inches 2A4(E8 cm5(
2E5 Scaffold $lanks of rough full'dimensioned 3' inch 2:(6 cm5 x 63'inch2A4(: cm5 ouglas Fir or
Southern <ellow Pine of Select Structural /rade shall "e used( ouglas Fir $lanks shall ha%e a
fi"er stress of at least 6744 l"Gin
3
26A4&737 nGcm
3
5 and a modulus of elasticit, of at least 6&744&444
l"Gin
3
26A4&737&444 nGcm
3
5& while <ellow Pine $lanks shall ha%e a fi"er stress of at least 3:44
l"Gin
3
26=3&3=: nGcm35 and a modulus of elasticit, of at least 3&444&444 l"Gin
3
26A=&834&444 nGcm
3
5(
2:5 /uardrails shall "e constructed of a taut wire or s,nthetic ro$e& and shall "e su$$orted ",
angle irons attached to "rackets welded to the steel $lates( These guardrails shall com$l, with
S6739(E:62e52E5( /uardrail su$$orts shall "e located at no greater than 64 feet 9 inch inter%als(
8on9!andator Appendix " to Subpart 7O Criteria for Aeter!inin$ the Feasibilit of
;ro,idin$ Safe Access and Fall ;rotection for Scaffold Erectors and Ais!antlers5
MReser%edN
8on9!andator Appendix C to Subpart 7O 7ist of 8ational Consensus Standards5
*NSDGSD* *73(3'6774 0ehicle'+ounted Ele%ating and Rotating *erial e%ices
*NSDGSD* *73(A'6774 +anuall, Pro$elled Ele%ating *erial Platforms
*NSDGSD* *73(:'6774 #oom Su$$orted Ele%ating Work Platforms
*NSDGSD* *73(9'6774 Self'Pro$elled Ele%ating Work Platforms
*NSDGSD* *73(='6774 *irline /round Su$$ort 0ehicle'+ounted 0ertical ?ift e%ices
*NSDGSD* *73(8'677A 0ehicle'+ounted #ridge Dns$ection and +aintenance e%ices
*NSDGSD* *73(7'677A +ast'.lim"ing Work Platforms
8on9!andator Appendix A to Subpart 7O7ist of /rainin$ /opics for Scaffold Erectors and
Ais!antlers5
This *$$endix is $ro%ided to ser%e as a guide to assist em$lo,ers when e%aluating the training
needs of em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling su$$orted scaffolds(
The *genc, "elie%es that em$lo,ees erecting or dismantling scaffolds should "e trained in the
following to$ics1
/eneral )%er%iew of Scaffolding
regulations and standards
erectionGdismantling $lanning
PPE and $ro$er $rocedures
fall $rotection
materials handling
access
working $latforms
foundations
gu,s& ties and "races
Tu"ular Welded Frame Scaffolds
s$ecific regulations and standards
com$onents
$arts ins$ection
erectionGdismantling $lanning
gu,s& ties and "races
fall $rotection
general safet,
access and $latforms
erectionGdismantling $rocedures
rolling scaffold assem"l,
$utlogs
Tu"e and .lam$ Scaffolds
s$ecific regulations and standards
com$onents
$arts ins$ection
erectionGdismantling $lanning
gu,s& ties and "races
fall $rotection
general safet,
access and $latforms
erectionGdismantling $rocedures
"uttresses& cantile%ers& and "ridges
S,stem scaffolds
s$ecific regulations and standards
com$onents
$arts ins$ection
erectionGdismantling $lanning
gu,s& ties and "races
fall $rotection
general safet,
access and $latforms
erectionGdismantling $rocedures
"uttresses& cantile%ers& and "ridges
Scaffold erectors and dismantlers should all recei%e the general o%er%iew& in addition to s$ecific
training for the t,$e of su$$orted scaffold "eing erected or dismantled(
8on9!andator Appendix E to Subpart 7O Ara.in$s and Illustrations
This *$$endix $ro%ides drawings of $articular t,$es of scaffolds and scaffold com$onents& and
gra$hic illustrations of "racing $atterns and tie s$acing $atterns(
This *$$endix is intended to $ro%ide %isual guidance to assist the user in com$l,ing with the
re-uirements of su"$art ?& $art 6739(
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