In any manufacturing firm, 7 QC tools is a very powerful tool is used to gather data and presentation in order to know the

actual status of each and every station of the production. In any manufacturing firm, 7 QC tools is a very powerful tool is used to gather data and presentation in order to know the actual status of each and every station of the production. The result of this is very critical on the day to day operation of the company. 1. CHECKSHEET

It is data as written or printed in paper, tabulated in a way that all one has to do is to place checkmarks. The purpose of check sheet is to make data gathering easy, speeds up the collection process, makes an idea more adaptable to comparisons and analysis, and to be able to arrange data systematically. There are three kinds of check sheet used in data gathering; first is the Defective Item Check sheet which simply used as recording to highlight the various defect types involved and its corresponding percentage. Second is the Defect Location Check sheet and is commonly known as the Mapping technique where defect occurrences are illustrated. And lastly, is the Defect Cause Check sheet which attempts to link cause and effect. When making a good check sheet, remember the following tips: 1. Set the purpose and goal for the check sheet. 2. Examine what areas should be well understood, and make a list of things to check. 3. Sketch a format of your check sheet. 4. Record your data and create your check sheet. 5. Take your check sheet to the site and check whether it is providing the kind of results you want and whether data recording is easy. 6. Make improvements in your check sheet as necessary. 7. Try changing the items to be checked and the arrangement of those items in the check sheet. 8. Make a graph for easy understanding. 9. Try varying the order of the items to be filled in. 10. Make Total and Percentage columns. 11. Keep revising and improving your check sheet. In addition, one must pay attention on the proper reading and interpretations of check sheet as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Pay particular attention to irregular data and irregular conditions. Cross-check items in separate categories. Take prompt action on information taken from the check sheet Look at the overall picture and note how things are changing over time.

2. CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM (also known as Fish-bone or Ishikawa Diagram) A graphical way of analyzing problems or defects and the causes that contributes to them. It is a written chart that uses arrows to indicate the relationship between the effects that are the result of work and the causal factors that bring about these effects. The main purpose of a Cause and Effect Diagram is to provide a clear understanding of the potential origins of a given problem and indicate what strategies might be effective in countering the principle causes of the problem. To make an effective Cause and Effect Diagram, remember the following tips: 1. Clarify the overall goal of the diagram then determine and name the effect. 2. Describe the effect on the right hand side, and then draw the Backbone running from the left. 3. Major categories of causes appear on the diagram as Big bones. These function as headings for more specific factors. 4. For each primary element, think of all the factors which affect the larger element and draw them as small bone. 5. Double check to make sure all possible factors are included or mistakenly recorded. 6. Encircle the factor appearing repeatedly is of greatest importance. This should be agreed upon by all the team members. When using a Cause and Effect Diagram, express effect numerically where possible and make the diagram a dialogue for the team. And dont forget to search constantly for the answer to the question WHY?

3.

PARETO DIAGRAM

This is a simple graph showing percentage of each category of the data collected. The sum of the percentage of all the categories is 100%. A special form of a vertical bar graph which helps us determines which problem to solve in what order. The Pareto Diagram uses the Vital Few and Trivial Many Concept, that is predicted on the assumption that approximately 80% of a system is due to 20% of the variables affecting the system. Therefore, one must concentrate problem solving efforts on the vital causes (20%) accounting for the majority (80%) of the effects. The Pareto diagram tells us where we ought to begin to make changes for quality improvement and how effective those changes will be, in other words, what we can expect as a result. In making a Pareto Diagram, remember the following tips: 1. Decide on a data gathering method and collection period. 2. Classify according to type of cause or type of content to allow easy analysis. 3. Arrange headings from most data to least. Keep a cumulative total of each data. 4. Draw vertical and horizontal axes on your graph and add data counting scale on the vertical axis. 5. Represent the number by means of a bar descending from left to right. Make the bars in the graph the same width and leave no spaces between bars. 6. Use the cumulative figure to make a cumulative data curve. Begin by marking a point on the upper right corner of the 1st bar until your reach the last bar. 7. Fill in the title of the Pareto diagram. 8. Rather than make a Pareto diagram arranged according to defect, construct a graph classified according to cause of defect so that you can relate it more easily to eliminate the cause of the defect. 9. Display your vertical axis showing the monetary value, you will get a better understanding of which improvements will lead to what cost reduction your real problems are more likely get from this technique. 10. Scrutinize from a number of different sides and then try changing your classification method. Make sure that scales of before and after improvement match.

4.

HISTOGRAM

Histogram is a special bar graph that shows how our data is distributed. It reveals the amount of variation in our process. To contract a Histogram, follow the tips below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gather data at least 50 using a data sheet. Determine the Range, R = H L. Determine the class number, K. Determine the class width, CW = R/K. Construct the fdt, frequency distribution table. Construct the Histogram

5.

STRATIFICATION

It is a process of classifying data into subgroups based on categories and characteristics. It helps analyze cases in which data actually masks the real facts. It aims to breaks down single numbers into meaningful categories or classifications in order to focus on the corrective action. There are several ways to stratify your data: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Splitting, ex. is split girls from boys. Dividing, ex. divide the group into 4 Organizing, ex. organize according to position Sorting, ex. sort according to ID number Grouping, ex. group according to departments Classifying, ex. classify according to nationality Pigeon holing, ex. according to region Characterizing, ex. according to type

6.

SCATTER DIAGRAM (Also known as Correlation diagram)

It displays the relationship between two kinds of data by plotting points from horizontal and vertical axes. The purpose of making a Correlation Diagram is for investigating whether sets of paired data are related, and if they are, what should be done to put given characteristics within the standard range. In making a Correlation Diagram, follow these steps: 1. Collect 50 to 100 paired samples of data that you think may be related. Contract a data sheet based on the paired samples of data. 2. Plot data on the diagram. Make a rough sketch of your graph to get an idea of the general shape and the balance between the X and Y axes. 3. Always put the cause on the horizontal and the effects on the vertical. 4. Try inserting divisions and assigning a color code to point from different divisions. In reading a scatter diagram, make sure that when an irregular point appears, the team should be able to investigate its cause. 7. GRAPHS

A graph is a diagram that represents data in summarized form. Its purpose is to show comparison between 2 or more variables, enable reader to understand information more quickly and to provide impact during presentation. In general, there are five types of graph: 1. Area Graph is use to explains the comparison of data by area which is represented by a circle, square or rectangular form and should be limited to four or five categories. 2. Line Graph is used to present the trend of values which are time bounded. The Y-axis represents the varying value while x-axis for time scale. 3. Bar graph is used to compare length of the bars based on the quantified number of units measured. For easier comparisons, largest to smallest bar sequence is recommended. 4. Word graph uses pictures and words to characterize condition. 5. Pictorial graph uses symbols to give actual data given emphasis. Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/140089_introduction-to-7-qctools#ixzz0qFFR2fei