2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology

The Design and Implementation of A Low Cost Temperature Control System for Agriculture Greenhouses
Wenlian Li
College of Physics & Electronic Engineering in Xiangfan University Xiangfan, Hubei, 441053, China e-mail: lwlian@163.com
Abstract The ADT14 is a programmable integrated circuit for temperature control. It is widely used in various control systems to detective and control the temperature. Design of a temperature control system for agriculture greenhouses based on ADT14 cleverly adopts the connection and disconnection of the temperature hysteretic control circuit. It sets only one temperature control point and makes the constant temperature control come true. This circuit has many advantages such as: simple structure, low cost, convenient installation and using, easy temperature control and modulation .It is especially suitable for the dispersed single agriculture greenhouse with small scale to automatically detect and control. Keywords ADT14, temperature control, agriculture greenhouses.

Qianqian Luo, Zhengpeng Li, Yang Li

College of Physics & Electronic Engineering in Xiangfan University Xiangfan, Hubei, 441053, China e-mail: lwlian@163.com simple structure, low cost, convenient installation and using, easy temperature control and regulate etc. II. INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ADT14 ADT14 is a programmable integrated circuit for temperature control. It can be widely used in various control systems to detect and control the temperature. The internal structure of it is shown in Figure 1. There is a positive temperature coefficient sensing circuit, a band gap voltage reference and four voltage comparators in it. The voltage reference and temperature sensing circuit produce a constant voltage VREF of 2.5V and a voltage VPTAT which is proportional to the temperature. The typical value of temperature coefficient is +5mV/K. It has four temperature control points and five outputs. One of the outputs VPTAT is proportional to the temperature. It can be used as temperature sensor and temperature measuring circuit. The other outputs are logic level control signal. Comparing the VPTAT with the voltages of the temperature control points, if the former is higher, it will have control signal output. The electric relay will work under the control. It can be used as temperature control switch. Users can freely set the four temperature
VREF STE1 STE2 STE3 STE4 VCC NC GND
14 2 11 1

I. INTRODUCTION The scales of most agriculture greenhouses in our country are middle, small and even minimal. Developing a cheap and automatic system for the middle and small scales agriculture greenhouses is suitable for the current situation of our country. Although there are some automatic agriculture systems in our country, they are not suitable for the current situation of ours. They just suit for the large scale farm. Most of the temperature control systems adopt SCM or computer to control. Despite the high automation, they have many disadvantages such as complex structure, higher cost, not suit for the middle and small scales agriculture greenhouses. The large-scale popularization of them is very hard. If adopt the ADT14 to realize this system, the weakness can be overcame. ADT14 is a temperature monitor produced by the analogy device company. It is a 16pins packaging chip with semiconductor temperature sensor and switching control circuit in it. So it has the functions of temperature detection and switching control. Comparing with the circuit composed of discrete components or common chips, this method highly reduces the complexity of the circuit and amount of the components. It dramatically improving the reliability and precision of the system. This paper descript a temperature control system for agriculture greenhouses based on ADT14. This method cleverly adopts the connection and disconnection of the temperature hysteretic control circuit. It sets only one temperature control point and makes the constant temperature control come true. This circuit has many advantages such as:
978-0-7695-3819-8/09 $26.00 2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICEET.2009.103 399

HYS OTPUT1 OTPUT2 OTPUT3 OTPUT4

10

15

16

+
 

13

12 5

  

VPTAT NC NC

ADT14

3 4

Figure 1 Internal structure

control points and hysteretic temperature by the external circuit. They can set 1~4 reference voltages as the temperature control points(SET1-SET4). The control range of temperature is between -40 +125 . III. DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

A. Working Principle of temperature control system According to the characters of ADT14, we design a temperature control system for agriculture greenhouses with low cost and high performance. The design requirements are as follows: Temperature can be continuously adjusted from 10 to 30 . The temperature difference can be continuously
VCC   R1 J1 D VREF

the transistor in the output terminal of the comparator exports low level. Relay J1 is accessed and J2 is disconnected. The cooling system begins to work. The temperature inside will drop slowly; when the temperature achieves the setting temperature + 1.5 , the transistor in the output terminal of the comparator exports high level. Relay J1 is disconnected and J2 is accessed. The cooling system stops to work. As the temperature outside is higher than the inside, the temperature inside will climb slowly. If the temperature reaches the value of setting temperature and hysteretic temperature, Relay J1 is accessed and J2 is disconnected...By repeating, it makes the temperature inside keep in a certain range. In the winter, the temperature outside of the greenhouse is lower than the inside. It needs to overturn the control signal of the control system and then link it into the system. Using relay J2 can control the heating system to work. B. Setting of temperature control points Using ADT14 as the temperature control switch, we only need to compose a resistor divider circuit with VREF as the power, linking the dividing voltage points as temperature control points to SET1SET4. SET1SET4 can be set by resistance series circuit or series and parallel circuit. They also can be set separately. This circuit adopts independent setting the temperature control points. The calculation method of the resistance R1 and R2 is as follows: 1. Calculation of VSET3 based on the temperature control points temperature T

ADT14 


W1 R2



T J2

VSET 3 = (T + 273.15)(5mV / K )
2. Determination of loads current IL We usually choose 50AIL200A to avoid error. 3. Calculation of resistance
1 REF SET 3 L 2 SET 3 L If needs the temperature inside of the greenhouse between 10 -30 , we can adopt the way above to get the results:

W2

R = (V

-V

)/ I

R =V

/I

Figure 2 The diagram of the electrical circuit principle

adjusted from 2.5 to 1.55 . Figure 2 presents the circuits schematic diagram. The circuits core component is ADT14 and it also has few external components. R1 R2 and W1 can be used to set and adjust the voltage of the temperature control point. W2 is used to set and adjust the hysteretic temperature. Transistor T and relay J2 function is to control the connection and disconnection of W2. Relay J2 is used to control the powers on-off on the load. D is freewheeling protection diode. It protects the output stage of ADT14, keeping them away from damages of relay J1 induced voltage Design of this circuit cleverly adopts the connection and disconnection of the temperature hysteretic control circuit. It sets only one temperature control point to make the constant temperature control come true. Through adjusting W1 and changing the setting voltage of the temperature control points, we can adjust the greenhouses temperature. We also can adjust W2 to changing the temperature difference. In the summer, temperature outside of the greenhouse is higher than the inside. If the temperature inside is higher than the value of setting temperature and hysteretic temperature,

Adjusting of hysteretic temperature There is a retardation effect producing circuit in ADT14. The function of it is to accelerate the jump of the output signal of the temperature control points. It can also reduce the instability of the output in noise environment. The size of retardation can be set by the external voltage. This voltage can adjust the hysteretic current. The hysteretic current can be produced by mirror circuit (current mirror) and then it can produce a hysteretic voltage with variable polarity. This voltage adds to the reference source of 2.5V and makes the reference voltage for the input terminal of the four comparators. The temperatures hysteresis can be adjusted by the HYS with 11pins. The hysteretic temperature TH is respectively 0.651.52.5 on the condition of the 11pins connected to VREFhangs and grounding separately . If there is an adjustable resistance with the tuning Range is 1.55-2.5 between the ground and the 11pins, the formula of the resistance is as follows:

R1 = 21.7 ~ 20.7k    R2 = 29.3 ~ 30.3k

R = 57.5 /(TH - 1.5) - 57.5k

400

The temperature difference of the greenhouse can be continuously adjusted from 2.5 to 1.55 . According to the formula above ,we can get the results bellow:

W2 = 0 ~ 1.1
Consequently, we can choose the components as follows: R1: resistance 20.7km, R2: resistance 29.3k, W1: Potentiometer 1k, W2: Potentiometer 1.1M, J1 J2: 6V miniature relay, D: Diode 1N4001, T: Triode 9013. IV. CONCLUSION

The greenhouse designed by the method above has many advantages such as: simple structure, low cost, accurate temperature control, steady performance, convenient installation and using, can be install in any position of the greenhouse, temperature and temperature difference can be continuously adjusted between a certain ranges. Comparing with the other temperature control systems, this method highly reduces the amount of the components. It dramatically improving the reliability of the system. This system is suitable for the current agriculture situation of our country. The design of it combines multiple factors. It simply implements the temperature control of agriculture greenhouse automatically. This system is not only suitable for agriculture greenhouse, but it also can be used in other aspects which need temperature detection and control. It has significant social benefits and economic benefits. REFERENCES
[1] Xuguang Zhu, Jianhui Liu. The moisture and temperature control system of Agriculture Greenhouses [J].automation technology and application, 2005(2), 45-47 Xuehai Li. Introduction and application of the programming temperature sensor ADT14 with four temperature points [J]. The world of Electronic products, 2001(8), 58-61. Chi Gao. The intelligent temperature control system for greenhouse Based on Single Chip Computer [J].Development and Innovation of Electromechanical Products, 2005(6),131-132

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