Beginner Lesson

That's a Negative
5
Hangul Transcript 2
Romanization 2
Translation 2
InIormal Conversation 2
Formal Conversation 3
Lesson Vocabulary 3
Grammar Points 3
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Hangul Transcript
(1)E /3/I?
(2) ^I5. 73/7^II. */II.
(3)E FE?
(4) E/7I?
(5)E ^I5. 777^II. II. //I?
(6) ^I5. 7/^II. =/II. E/II/I?
(7)E ^I5. II/^II. !=/II.
Romanization
(1)Yohan jihyeon ssi-neun byeonhosa-imnikka?
(2)Jihyeon anio. jeo-neun byeonhosa-ga animnida. hoesawon-imnida.
(3)Yohan geuraeyo?
(4)Jihyeon yohan ssi-neun gasu-imnikka?
(5)Yohan anio. jeo-neun gasu-ga animnida. baeu-imnida. jihyeon ssi-neun ilbon saram-im-
nikka?
(6)Jihyeon anio. jeo-neun ilbon saram-i animnida. hanguk saram-imnida. yohan ssi-neun kaen-
ada saram-imnikka?
(7)Yohan anio. kaenada saram-i animnida. miguk saram-imnida.
Translation
(1)Yohan Jihyeon, are you a lawyer?
(2)Jihyeon No. l am not a lawyer. l am an office worker.
(3)Yohan Oh, is that so?
(4)Jihyeon Yohan, are you a singer?
(5)Yohan No. l am not a singer. l am an actor. Jihyeon, are you Japanese?
(6)Jihyeon No. l am not Japanese. l am Korean. Yohan, are you Canadian?
(7)Yohan No. l am not Canadian. l am American.
lnformal Conversation
(the dialog in the intimate politeness level)
(1)E 3/?
(2) ^I. I3/7^I. */.
(3)E F?
(4) E7?
(5)E ^I. I77^I. . /?
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(6) ^I. I/^I. =/. EII/?
(7)E ^I. II/^I. !=/.
Formal Conversation
(the dialog in the formal politeness level)
(1)E /3/9E?
(2) ^I5. 73/7^I9E. */9E.
(3)E FE?
(4) E/79E?
(5)E ^I5. 777^I9E. 9E. //9E?
(6) ^I5. 7/^I9E. =/9E. E/II/9E?
(7)E ^I5. II/^I9E. !=/9E.
Lesson Vocabulary
Hangul Romanization English Synonyms
FE geuraeyo
ls that so? That is so.
7 gasu
singer
*/ hoesawon
office worker,
salaryman
^
3/ byeonhosa
lawyer
^II anida
to not be
baeu
actor, actress
7
Crannar Poinis
ln this lesson, the speakers answer questions in the negative. The following are a few
grammar notes related to this lesson.
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Grammar Point #1 - Making negative statements - anida - ^II(anida)
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The negative copula is ^II(anida). This means "to not be." This is not a conjugation of
the affirmative copula I(ida), but is an independent word. ln this lesson, the negative
copula ^II(anida) was conjugated into the formal (politeness level) simple present
tense (-=II/mnida).
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-----------------------------
' Construction
-----------------------------
Just as most Korean verbs are conjugated, -I(-da) is removed from ^II(anida) to get
^I(ani), which is the verb stem of this word.
^I+ =II= ^II
ani + mnida = animnida
verb stem + formal simple present tense conjugation = "am/is/are not"
When conjugated in the present tense and expressed for use in a formal polite context,
^II(anida) becomes ^II(animnida). Note the difference between the affirmative
and negative Korean copulas when conjugated in the simple present tense and expressed
in the formal politeness level: IIvs. ^II(imnida vs. animnida).
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+ More Examples +
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Here are some examples of negative statements:
"7=^II. (jeon-eun hakseng animnida)
"l am not a student.
"EP/7^II. (yohan-eun uisa-ga animnida)
"Yohan is not a doctor.
"E=/^II. (yohan-eun yeongguksaram-i animnida)
"Yohan is not British.
------------------------
=remember
------------------------
To make negative sentences, use the following sentence structure:
"Noun1() Noun27() ^II.
(Noun1-neun(eun) Noun2-ga(i) animnida.)
Let's break this sentence structure down to its basic components:
"Noun1()" expresses "As for Noun1" or "Speaking of Noun1." And "Noun27() [verb]"
expresses something about Noun1. ln the case of this conversation "Noun1()
Noun27() ^II would translate to "As for Noun1, it isn't Noun2."
(neun) is used when it is affixed to a word ending in a vowel.
7(jeoneun) - (neun) is attached to 7(jeo). ""(eo) is a vowel and is what immedi-
ately precedes the subject marker (in this case - neun).
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(eun) is used when it is affixed to a word ending in a consonant.
E(yohaneun) - (eun) is attached to E(yohan). "1" is a consonant and is what
immediately precedes the subject marker (in this case - eun).
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Grammar Point #2 - Using the subject marker - i/ga - "/7"
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ln this particular context, because the verb ^II(anida) is used, we use "/7" (i/ga), the
subject marker. This is because, generally speaking, they are part of a set. ln most situ-
ations ^II(anida) is used, /7(i/ga) is used as well. /7(i/ga) marks what the topic
is not. Also, it is used when introducing the subject for the first time during a conversation or
discussion, among many other uses.
------------------------
=remember
------------------------
7(ga) is used when it is affixed to a word ending in a vowel.
7^II(baeuga animnida) - 7(ga) is attached to (baeu). '' (u) is a vowel
and is what immediately precedes the subject marker (in this case 7).
(i) is used when it is affixed to a word ending in a consonant.
*/^II(hoesawoni animnida) - (i) is attached to */(hoesawon). "1" is a
consonant and is what immediately precedes the subject marker (in this case ).
---------------------------
+ More Examples +
---------------------------
7^II(O)
^II(X)
*/^II(O)
*/7^II(X)
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