Annotated Bibliography

Primary sources

Documents

"Bill Text - 104th Congress (1995-1996) - THOMAS (Library of Congress)." THOMAS (Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgibin/query/z?c104:S.RES.160:>. This source is located and used on the International Outcomes 1995 page. This primary source is the legislation passed by the United States government to help try and give the victims or the victims familys some kind of closer and compensation for what had happened to them on the fortieth year anniversary of the event. Its a primary source because its the exact legislature passed at the time and you can find it in the Library of Congress and their website.

"Explore Historical Newspaper Archives Online | NewspaperARCHIVE.com." Explore Historical Newspaper Archives Online | NewspaperARCHIVE.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://newspaperarchive.com/>. On this website I found thousands of American newspapers from 1955 that published articles about the Istanbul Pogrom. Some went into a lot of detail about what had happened and some only mentioned it briefly. You can find one of them on the International Outcomes 1955 page. This is a primary source document because most of these newspapers where published a day after the even had taken place and therefore is directly from the time period. It was informative, and enlightening. It was enlightening because it gave us a look at how easily the American people could ignore such a terrible event. There were 2,762 different U.S. newspapers that all mentioned the Istanbul Pogrom. The one on the website was from Texas, and you can also see the other historical events that caused America to ignore the problems that where happening internationally.

"Historic American Newspapers - Chronicling America (The Library of Congress)." Historic American Newspapers - Chronicling America (The Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/>. I used Chronicling America to find a source that I would never have found without it. I couldnt actually find any newspapers on this website because they only went up to 1922, but I was able to find the U.S. Legislature on this website, which you can see the source I found above. This primary source helped me find the Library of Congress page, and I used that on the International Outcomes 1995 page.

"The Hellenic Genocide: Quotes from historical documents and related Photos." Hellenic Electronic Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.greece.org/genocide/quotes/>. This website gave me the document ordering the deaths of Greeks given a reason. It was even signed by the commander of the corps, Mehmet Azit. This document is a primary source because it was written for the sole purpose of getting rid of the Hellenes in Turkey. You can find this document on the page under Event History called Hellenisms Ends Near.

Interview Jubail, fortuna. Interview by Adam Harker. Personal interview. 20 Mar. 2011. This interview told a firsthand story of a couple that lived through the Pogrom almost sixty years ago. You can find it under the page called The Pogroms ~ "Septemvriana" (9(6&7)-1955).

Music

" Memorial ceremony for Menderes, Polatkan and Zorlu/TRT-English." TRT-English Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.trtworld.com/trtworld/en/newsDetail.aspx?haberkodu=28deb3cf-01b0-409d-893d21a9dcdc7362>. This music was played in monasteries all over Turkey after the execution of Prime Minister Menderes. This chant can be found on the Outcomes page of the website. This

is a Muslim chant called Surae Yasin, which is from the Koran. Its a chant, that I believe, is for remembrance and helping people who have died to pass on to the other side. Its also a chant to help appease Allah, and worship him. Its a fairly old and common chant.

"The Four Lads Group History -- http://www.thefourlads.com/." THE FOUR LADS -http://www.thefourlads.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.thefourlads.com/history.htm>. This song was written in 1953, about the Turkish animosity towards the Greek population left after the fall of Constantinople. This song is a primary source because, even though its a fun and an American song, it is directly referencing the changes and attitudes in Istanbul. The quartet used this topic to make a fun song, to attempt to educate the public in a fun way that most wouldnt even und erstand. You can find this music on the Home page.

"Learn to Chant Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America." Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.goarch.org/chapel/chant>. This music is an old Greek Orthodox chant that was sang in the time period. The Greeks of Turkey chant this on Sundays in the churches before they would be burnt to the ground and/or destroyed. Its a primary source because of the time period it was most frequently chanted at the time, and it was common in the churches in the area. You can find this song on the Event History page.

Pictures

Animals. "ExecutedToday.com 1961: Adnan Menderes." ExecutedToday.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://www.executedtoday.com/2009/09/17/1961-adnan-menderes/>. This is a picture of Prime Minister Adnan Menderes about to be hanged. This was taken on the day of his execution and is something that is still regretted in Turkey to this day. You can find this picture on the International Outcomes 1960 page. This is counted as a Primary source because it was directly from 1960 when he was executed for his crimes against his own country.

"Gladyo-Ergenekon yol kardelii - Radikal Trkiye ." Ekonomi ve Politika Haberleri Trkiye'nin En Cesur Gazetesi Radikal'de! . N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=893195&CategoryI D=77>. This is a picture of some of the Turkish locals destroying a Greek house/business during the Pogrom. This was taken by a news reporter from the time, and was published soon after. You can find this picture on Home page of the website. This is a primary source because it was taken during the event.

"Istanbul Pogrom." Shelf3D - Search Engine Interface. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://shelf3d.com/i/Istanbul%20Pogrom>. You can find three of the pictures on the website on the Home page slideshow. The biggest primary source on this website was the picture of the newspaper that would start the Istanbul Pogrom. Its the newspaper the published the false information that Greeks bomb Ataturks historical home, when was actually the Turkish government who had planted it. You can find this document under the Outcomes page as the Turkish Outcomes page.

"Turks commemorate late Prime Minister Adnan Menderes." Todays Zaman. N.p., 16 Sept. 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <www.todayszaman.com/news-292565-turks-commemorate-lateprime-minister-adnan-menderes.html>. This is a picture or the Prime Ministers memorial. Its a picture from when the memorial was finally finished. Its a primary source because it is directly associated with the events that took place, and honor them. You can find this picture on the International Outcomes 1960 page.

Secondary Sources

Books

Ascherson, Neal. Black Sea. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995. Print. This secondary source was extremely useful to us. You can find some quotes from this book on Ataturks page on the website. We used this as a way to get back ground information on the new government, as well as how the new government would later affect the country of Turkey.

Haniolu, M. kr. Atatrk: An Intellectual Biography. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2011. Print. This secondary source was extremely useful to us. You can find some quotes from this book on Ataturks page on the website. We used this as a way to get back ground information on the new government, as well as how the new government would later affect the country of Turkey.

Mango, Andrew. Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2000. Print. This secondary source was extremely useful to us. You can find many quotes from this biography on Ataturks page on the website. We used this as a way to get back ground information on the new government, as well as how the new government would later affect the country of Turkey.

Websites 2005, Costa Vertzayias 5 September. "TURKISH POGROM AGAINST THE GREEKS OF CONSTANTINOPLE 6-7 SEPTEMBER 1955." PAN HELLENIC STUDENTS ASSOCIATION OF CHICAGO ILLINOIS - PHSAC. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://chicago.agrino.org/turkish_pogrom_against_the_greeks.htm>. This is one of the websites that is used throughout the whole website frequently. You can find many of the quotes on the tabs under the Event History page. I used this page because Costa Vertzayias is a historian that wanted to bring the event history to light to the people of the world.

Animals. "ExecutedToday.com 1961: Adnan Menderes." ExecutedToday.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://www.executedtoday.com/2009/09/17/1961-adnan-menderes/>. This website was used as a way to get background information on the event of Prime Minister Adnan Menderess execution. We used this to understand why he was arrested and what his exact charges where during the time of the event and why he was ignored at first.

"CONSTANTINOPLE - THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE POGROM THAT WAS DONE against the GREEK COMMUNITY ." Online Greek News about Greece for Greeks around the world by Apodimos. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <http://www.apodimos.com/arthra/05/Sept/GREEK_COMMUNITY_CONSTANTINOPLE_POGRO M_SEPTEMBER_6_1955/index.htm>. This is one of the websites that is used throughout the whole website frequently. You can find many of the quotes on the tabs under the Event History page. I used this website because the creator of it has a Ph.D. in history, specifically about this event. He has a book published about the event, and tries to bring awareness to everyone about what happened nearly fifty years ago.

"Istanbul Pogrom." Shelf3D - Search Engine Interface. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://shelf3d.com/i/Istanbul%20Pogrom>. We used this website as background information for the event. It was a good source to help us understand the severity of the events that had taken place during the actual pogrom. It was an excellent secondary source to have, and used simple language to give us a base of understanding. We used this website before we went into the more complicated detail of the event. We used it to go back to if we got confused somewhere along the way

"MYSTAGOGY: Turkeys Pogrom of September 6-7, 1955." MYSTAGOGY. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2012/09/turkeys-pogrom-of-september-6-71955.html>.

We used this to go into detail on the event of history. This secondary source was useful for our website. It helped us expand our websites information and our knowledge on the topic we are explaining.

"September 17th Adnan Menderes Turkey 17/9/1961." True Crime Library Magazines, News, Crimes, Mysteries Read & Buy Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.truecrimelibrary.com/crime_series_show.php?id=798&series_number=13>. This website went into detail about Adnan Menderes execution. You can find quotes from the website on the International Outcomes 1960 page. It was a useful source that helped get us more information on his execution and the reasons behind it.

"The First Turkish Republic : A Case Study in National Development." Alibris Marketplace. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. This page was used for Ataturks page. It was for background information on how the Turkish government became the way it was. Its this government that would cause everything to tumble down for the Greek people. It was an extremely helpful source to use.

"Turks commemorate late Prime Minister Adnan Menderes." Todays Zaman. N.p., 16 Sept. 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <www.todayszaman.com/news-292565-turks-commemorate-lateprime-minister-adnan-menderes.html>. I used this one website to get information on Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. I found out that now this man is seen as a hero on this page, information I wouldnt have found out if I hadnt stumbled upon this. You can see a quote from this page on International Outcomes 1960.