ECE 166 Microwave Circuits Homework #1 Due Thursday, October 5, 2006

(This problem is to show you how the voltage and impedance change along the line. You need a plotting routine, MATLAB, Excel, etc. to plot the voltages vs. the z-axis, etc.). Problem 1: Consider a load with =0.75(-60deg) and = 2 cm (f = 10 GHz in a silicon medium) and Z0 = 50 . The forward wave is Vo+=1 V(rms) at the load (z=0). All values are peak values when not specified. a) Determine the load impedance in Ohms. b) Determine the total voltage at the load (complex number). This is Vload and is not Vo+. c) Plot the voltage and current magnitudes for 4 cm (two full wavelengths) from the load. Assume a lossless line. Calculate the VSWR, the forward power (P+), the backward power (P-) and the power dissipated in the load. What is the power dissipated in the line? d) Find the location of the voltage and current maximum, and the voltage and current minimum on the line. Determine their amplitudes. Use the Crank diagram for your solution. e) Determine the load impedance seen by the generator at z = 0, -0.25, -0.5, -0.75, -1, -1.5 cm from the load. Make a tablewhat do you notice? You can use the impedance equation on page 5, or geometrically using the Crank Diagram. f) Plot the voltage and current magnitudes for 4 cm (two full wavelengths) from the load assuming a line loss of 0.6 dB/cm (you will need to convert this to Np/cm to use in the exponential). For |V0+|= 1 Vrms (at the load), what are the voltage (forward wave and backward wave) amplitudes at the input of the transmission-line? Calculate the VSWR at the load and also at the input of the transmissionline. Calculate the forward power at the input of the t-line (due to Vo+), the reflected power at the input of the t-line, the net power delivered to the t-line at the input, the power delivered to the load, and the power dissipated in the t-line. g) For case (c) above, plot the voltage waveform on the line for t=0, /2, . (Use MATLAB and plot separate graphs for (a), (b) and (c) above.)

(This problem is to show you that you can use nodal analysis and t-line analysis at the same time if you are careful about it. Nodal analysis is correct as long as it is used on components such as passive elements). Problem 2: A T-junction (2-way splitter) is always mismatched, and this is very bad at 50-500 MHz since it creates a reflected wave and ghost images in TV receptions. To solve this problem, a lowcost "splitter" is used which results in a matched T-junction at the expense of some loss in the network. The circuit is:

TV Splitter (Z0 = 75 for TV applications. All t-line lengths are zero.).

a) Calculate R so as to result in a matched-T at all ports (you can do this using circuit/nodal analysis). This means that you need to find the value of R such that the input impedance seen by Port 1 is Zo. You can do this with standard nodal analysis. What is the reflection coefficient at Port 1? b) Calculate the power loss in the splitter with the value of R obtained in (a). You do this by first calculating the input power to the splitter (assume Vo+1(rms)=1 V), and then calculating the power delivered to Zo at Port 2 and Port 3 (once you know the voltage at node 2, you know the power!). c) What happens if a short circuit occurs at Port 2 instead of Zo? Calculate the new input reflection coefficient and the reflected power at port 1 (you can do this using circuit/nodal analysis). What is the power delivered to Port 3? d) What happens if the load at Port 3 is reduced to Z0/4? Calculate the input reflected power and the power delivered to the loads at Port 2 and Port 3. (you can do this using circuit/nodal analysis)

Problem 3: Consider a t-line with a shunt load Rp (same as Zl on page 10, but real), and a series load Rs (same as Zs on page 10 but real). These are well summarized on page 10 of your notes. The tline impedance is Zo on both sides of the load and extends to infinity. Assume that Vo+1(rms) = 1 V OR that P+1= 1 (normalized..whatever you wish). 1) For the shunt and series loads, determine the power absorbed in the load in terms of Rp (or Rs). 2) For the shunt and series loads, determine the max power absorbed in the load and at which value of Rp or Rs (in terms of Zo). In this special case, determine the reflected power at port 1 and the transmitted power at port 2. Problem 4: a) Calculate the reflection in time domain of the following circuit for an input Vo = u(t ). (Follow the same approach as done in class for the inductor). Remember, the solution should make sense.
+

Zo

Vo = u(t)

b) Sketch the time domain response of the following circuits for an input of Vo = u(t ) at planes A (moderate distance from load) and B (at the load). The time lapse between A and B is . Take Zo = 50 , L=4 nH, C=0.5 pF. The time constant is given by Thevenins resistance seen by the inductor or the capacitor (for the simple time constant circuits). All resistors are in .
+