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1.1.1 ATOMS
1.2.1 ELECTRON STRUCTURE
1.3.1 PERIODICITY
ASSESSED HOMEWORK
Answer all questions
Max 85 marks
Name
..
Mark
../85
Paddington Academy
....%
Grade
1.
The Group 7 element bromine was discovered by Balard in 1826. Bromine gets its
name from the Greek bromos meaning stench.
Bromine consists of a mixture of two isotopes, 79Br and 81Br.
(i)
(ii)
Complete the table below to show the atomic structures of the bromine isotopes.
protons
neutrons
electrons
79
Br
81
Br
[2]
(iii)
2.
isotope 1
isotope 2
63.0
65.0
% abundance
77.2
22.8
(i)
Paddington Academy
(ii)
(iii)
Use your answer to (iii) and the Data Sheet to suggest the identify of metal A.
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[1]
[Total 6 marks]
3.
The element titanium, Ti, atomic number 22, is a metal that is used in the aerospace
industry for both airframes and engines.
A sample of titanium for aircraft construction was analysed using a mass spectrometer
and was found to contain three isotopes, 46Ti, 47Ti and 48Ti. The results of the analysis
are shown in the table below.
46
isotope
Ti
47
Ti
48
Ti
46.00
47.00
48.00
percentage composition
8.9
9.8
81.3
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Complete the table below for atoms of two of the titanium isotopes.
isotope
46
Ti
47
Ti
protons
neutrons
electrons
[2]
(b)
Using the information in the first table, calculate the relative atomic mass of this
sample of titanium.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
[2]
[Total 5 marks]
Paddington Academy
4.
(i)
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[2]
(ii)
Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of carbon to three significant
figures.
Ar = ............................................
[2]
[Total 4 marks]
5.
Magnesium exists naturally as a mixture of its isotopes, 24Mg, 25Mg and 26Mg.
The isotopes in magnesium can be separated by mass spectrometry. The diagram
below shows a mass spectrometer.
Complete the table below to show the composition of the 25Mg and 26Mg
isotopes.
(i)
protons
neutrons
electrons
25
Mg
26
Mg
[2]
(ii)
(iii) Results from the mass spectrum of a sample of magnesium are shown below.
isotope
24
25
26
24.00
25.00
26.00
% abundance
78.60
10.11
11.29
Mg
Mg
Mg
[Total 5 marks]
6.
Relative atomic mass, Ar, can be used to compare the masses of atoms of different
elements.
(i)
(ii)
7.
Carbon is in the p-block of the Periodic Table. Naturally occurring carbon contains a
mixture of two isotopes, 12C and 13C.
Complete the table below for the atomic structure of the isotopes 12C and 13C.
isotope
protons
neutrons
electrons
12
13
C
[Total 2 marks]
Paddington Academy
8.
Antimony, Sb, is a metal used in alloys to make lead harder. Bullets contain about 1%
of antimony for this reason.
Antimony has two main isotopes.
(i)
(ii)
Complete the table below to show the properties of particles that make up
isotopes.
proton
neutron
electron
relative mass
relative charge
[2]
[Total 3 marks]
Paddington Academy
9.
The diagram below shows the variation in the first ionisation energies of elements
across Period 2 of the Periodic Table.
2500
N e
2000
fir s t io n is a tio n
1500
e n e rg y
/ k J m o l 1
1000
Li
Be
B
500
0
10
a to m ic n u m b e r
(i)
(ii)
Explain why the first ionisation energies show a general increase across
Period 2.
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[2]
(iii)
Explain why the first ionisation energy of B is less than that of Be.
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[2]
[Total 7 marks]
Paddington Academy
10.
In their reactions, calcium and strontium each lose electrons to form ions with a 2+
charge. The first and second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium are shown
below.
1st ionisation energy
2nd ionisation energy
1
/ kJ mol
/ kJ mol1
calcium
590
1145
strontium
550
1064
(i)
Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the second ionisation energy
of calcium.
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[2]
(ii)
Why are the second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium greater than
their first ionisation energies?
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[1]
(iii)
Explain why the first and second ionisation energies of strontium are less than
those of calcium.
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[3]
[Total 6 marks]
Paddington Academy
11.
s orbital
p orbital
[2]
(b)
Complete the table below to show how many electrons completely fill each of
the following.
number of electrons
a d orbital
a p sub-shell
the third shell (n = 3)
[3]
(c)
The energy diagram below is for the eight electrons in an oxygen atom. The
diagram is incomplete as it only shows the two electrons in the 1s level.
e n e rg y
1s
(ii)
Paddington Academy
12.
ionisation number
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
ionisation
energy / kJ mol1
1 314
3 388
5 301
7 469
10 989
13 327
71
337
84 080
(i)
(ii)
Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the third ionisation energy of
oxygen.
.........................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii)
Explain how the information in the table above provides evidence for two electron
shells in oxygen.
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[2]
[Total 7 marks]
Paddington Academy
10
13.
This question refers to the elements in the first four periods of the Periodic Table.
H e
Ionisation energies provide information about the model for the electron structure of
elements.
(i)
Explain why first ionisation energies show a general increase across Period 3,
NaAr.
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[3]
(ii)
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11
(iii)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
ionisation energy
/kJ mol1
789
1577
3232
4 556
16091
19 785
Paddington Academy
12
15.
Barium, Ba, was discovered by Davy in 1808. The element gets its name from the
Greek barys meaning heavy.
The table below compares some properties of barium with caesium.
element
Cs
Ba
group
atomic number
55
56
atomic radius / pm
531
435
(i)
(ii)
State the block in the Periodic Table in which caesium and barium are found.
.........................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii)
Explain why the atomic radius of barium is less than the atomic radius of
caesium.
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[3]
(iv) Predict and explain whether a barium ion is larger, smaller or the same size as a
barium atom.
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[2]
[Total 7 marks]
Paddington Academy
13
16.
nitrogen
oxygen
atomic radius/nm
0.075
0.073
17.
State and explain the trend in first ionisation energies shown by the elements with the
atomic numbers 2, 10 and 18.
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[Total 4 marks]
Paddington Academy
14