ABSTRACT

Library is the place where knowledge can be grasped through books. In library there are many books available, searching of those books are difficult from the whole library. It is difficult even through books of segregated on some categories. So we introduce a new method of searching books by using RFID technology. In this system, the RFID Tag is placed in each book and a RFID tag reader us placed in the books keeping rack. When the librar y user enters the needed book code on the system, the microcontroller receives the information and the reader will to search for the matching tag (data). If the user pointed book is found on the rack the reader will give information about the book where the placed by an indication. So that the library user can find out the books easily and moreover this RFID based library management idea will give support by consuming less time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER No.

TITLE

PAGE No.

INTRODUCTION

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2.1 Issues 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 An Affordable Library Search System Based on RFID 2.2.2 BLOCS: A Smart Book-Locating System Based on RFID in Libraries 2.2.3 Challenges in Implementing RFID Tag in a Conventional Library 2.3 Differences between RFID and Barcode 2.4 Benefits of RFID 2.5 Problem Description 2.5.1 Objective 2.5.2 Proposed Idea 2.5.3 Schematic Diagram 2.5.4 RFID Transponder 2.5.5 Counter Station 2.5.6 Self Check Out/ In Station

3 3 4 4

6 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 11

PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Block Diagram

12 12

3.2 Circuit Diagram 3.3 Components Description 3.3.1 Power Supply 3.3.2 Transformer 3.3.3 Rectifier 3.3.3.1 Bridge Rectifier 3.3.4 Smoothing 3.3.5 Regulator 3.3.6 Light Emitting Diode 3.3.7 Power Supply Circuit Diagram 3.4 Relay 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Schematic diagram of a relay 3.4.3 Commercial relays 3.4.3 Relay Interface to microcontroller 3.5 Liquid Crystal Display 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 Interfacing LCD to Micro Controller

13 14 14 14 16 16 16 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22

MICROCONTROLLER PIC16F877A 4.1 Micro controller 4.1.1 Special Microcontroller Features 4.1.2 Program memory (FLASH) 4.1.3 EEPROM 4.1.4 RAM 4.1.5 Free-Run Timer 4.1.6 Central Processing unit 4.1.6.1 CISC, RSIC 4.2 PIC16F877A PIN Configuration

23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 26

4.2.1 Pin Description 4.2.2 Clock generator oscillator 4.2.3 Type of oscillators 4.2.3.1 XT Oscillator 4.2.4 Reset 4.2.5 STATUS Register 4.2.6 Ports 4.3 PIC16F877 Architecture 4.3.1 Memory organizations 4.3.2 Program memory organization 4.3.3 Data EEPROM and FLASH memory 4.3.4 Program Counter 4.3.5 Stack 4.3.6 Addressing modes 4.3.6.1 Direct Addressing 4.3.6.2 Indirect Addressing 4.3.7 Interrupts

26 28 28 28 29 29 29 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 34 34 35

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 5.1 RFID Tag 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.2 Components of an RFID System 5.1.3 Types of RFID tags 5.1.3.1 Passive Tags 5.1.3.2 Active Tags 5.1.3.3 Semi-passive Tags 5.1.4 Tag Life 5.1.5 RFID Storage Types

36 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 39 39

5.2 RFID READERS 5.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2 RFID Reader Diagram 5.2.3 RFID Module Implementation 5.2.4 RFID Frequencies 5.2.5 RFID Reader specifications 5.2 MAX-232 5.3.1 MAX 232 Pin Diagram 5.3.2 MAX 232 Features 5.3.3 RS232 Interfaced with MAX 232

39 39 40 41 41 42 42 42 43 43

5.3.4 Interfacing MAX 232 and Microcontroller 43 5.4 RS-232 SERIAL PORT 5.4.1 Data Transmission through RS-232 5.4.2 Full Duplex Transmission 44 45 45

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS 6.1 Visual Basic 6.2 Advantages of Visual Basic 6.3 Data Type 6.3.1 Numeric 6.3.2 Boolean 6.3.3 Object 6.3.4 Variant 6.4 Results

46 46 47 47 48 48 48 48 49

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 7.1 Conclusion 7.2 Future scope

51 51 51

REFERENCES

52

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure No

Name of Figure

Page No

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2

Functional Diagram of Automated Library Schematic diagram of automated library Tagging of Book Counter station Self Check out /in station Block Diagram of Library Management System Circuit Diagram of Library Management System Block Diagram of Power supply System Transformer Output Waveform Transformer Rectifier waveform Smoothing waveform Regulator Power supply circuit Diagram Schematic diagram of relay Commercial relays Pin diagram of LCD Interfacing of LCD Harvard vs von Neumann Architecture Pin diagram of PIC16F877A Status Register PIC16F87X Architecture Program Memory Organization Types of Tags RFID Reader

9 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 21 22 25 26 29 31 32 37 40

5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

Pin Diagram of MAX 232 Connection Diagram of MAX-232 Interfacing Diagram of MAX-232 Serial Port RS-232 Connection Diagram Signal diagram Login page Adding Books Finding Books Modifying Data

42 43 43 44 44 45 49 49 50 50

LIST OF TABLE

Table No

Name of Table

Page No

3.1 5.1 5.2

LCD Pin Description Tag Features Specifications of RFID reader

22 38 42

LIST OF ABBREVIATION Automatic Identification & Data Capture Complex Instruction Set Computer Electronic Article Surveillance Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory Federal Communications Commission Industrial Scientific Medical International Telecommunication Union Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode Normally Closed Normally Open Programmable Interrupt Controller Personal Id Number - Read Access Memory Radio Frequency Identification Reduced Instruction Set Computer RFID Library Management System Root Mean Square Transistor Transistor Logic Write Once-Read Many

AIDC CISC EAS EEPROM FCC ISM ITU LCD LED NC NO PIC PIN RAM RFID RISC RLIM RMS TTL WORM