2008 Anna University B.E(MECHANICAL) - Dynamics of machinery Question paper B.E/B.TECH.

DEGREE EXAMINATION ,APRIL/MAY 2008 Fourth semester ,Mechanical engineering [blink]Dynamics of machinery[/blink] TIME: 3Hrs MAXIMUM: 100 marks PART-A (10X2=20) 1. Show the applied force and constant force in a ball resting on Vee-block. 2. State the purpose of flywheel. 3. Differentiate between the unbalanced force caused due to rotating and reciprocal masses. 4. What is meant by dynamic Balancing? 5. Plot the variation of displacement with respect to time for under damped and over damned systems. 6. Write the expressions for damned frequency and damned factor. 7. Define the term transmissibility 8. What is meant by support motion ? 9. When is a governer said to be sensitive? 10. What is the gyroscopic effect on stability of two wheeler when it takes a turn? PART-B (5X16=80) 11. (a) The piston diameter of an IC engine is 125 mm and the stroke is 220 mm.The connecting rod is 4.5 times the crank length and has a mass of 50 kg.The mass of the reciprocating parts is 30 kg.The center of mass of the connecting rod is 170 mm from the crank pin center and the radius of gyration about an axis through the center of mass is 148 mm. The engine runs at 320 rpm. Determine the magnitude and direction of the inertia force and the corresponding torque on the crank shaft when the angle turned by the crank is 140 degrees from the inner dead center. OR (b) The torque delivered by a two stroke engine is represented by, T= (1000 + 300 sin2? - 500 cos2? )N.m where ? is the angle turned by the crank from the inner dead centre.The mass of the flywheel is 400 Kg and the radius of gyration 400 mm. Determine (i) The power developed when the engine speed is 250 rpm and (ii) The maximum fluctuctions of speed in terms of percentage. 12 (a) A rotating shaft carries four unbalanced masses A,B,C and D as shown below: ABCD Mass (Kg) 18 14 16 12

Radius (mm) 50 60 70 60 The masses B , C, and D revolve in the planes 80 mm ,160 mm and 280 mm respectively from the plane of mass A and are angularly located at 60? , 135 ? and 270? respectively measured clockwise from the masses A located at the end of the shaft.The shaft is dynamically balanced by two masses which are located at 50 mm radii and revolveing in planes mid way between those masses A and B and masses C and D respectively. Determine the magnitude and position of balancing masses. OR (b) A twin cylinder locomotive as its cylinder center lines in 0.7 m apart and has a stroke of 0.6 m. The rotating masses pr cylinder is equivalent to 150 Kg at he crank pin and the reciprocating masses pre cylinder to 180 Kg. The wheel center lines are 1.5 m apart. The cranks are at right angles.The whole of the rotating and 2/3 of the reciprocating masses are to be balanced by masses .Find the fluctuation in rail pressure under one wheel,variation of tractive effort and the magnitude of swaying couple ata crank speed of 300 rpm. 13 (a) A vibrating system consists of a 5 kg mass, a spring with constant of 3.5 N/mm and a dashpot with damping coefficient of 100 N.sec/m. Determine, (i)Damping factor (ii)Damped Natural Frequency (iii)Logarithmic decrement (iv)Ratio of two successive amplitudes. OR (b) The following data refer to a shaft mounted in ling bearings: Length of the shaft = 1.2 m Diametr of the shaft =14 mm Mass of a rotor at mid point of the shaft =16 Kg Eccentricity of the center of mass Of rotor from he center of rotor =0.4 mm Modulus of elasticity of shaft material =200 GN/m 2 Permissible stress value of shaft material =70 X 10 6 N/m 2 Determine the critical speed of the shaft and the range of speed over which is unsafe to run the shaft .Assume the shaft to be mass less. 14 (a) A machine part having a mass of 2.5 Kg vibrates in a viscous medium. A harmonic exciting force of 30 N acts on the part and causes resonant amplitude of 14 mm with a period of 0.22 sec .Find the damping coefficient .If the frequency of the exciting force is charged to 4 Hz , determine the increase in the amplitude of the forced vibrations upon the removal of damper. OR (b) The following data relate to a machine supported on four springs. Mass of machine = 120 Kg Stroke length = 90 mm Mass of reciprocating parts = 2.5 Kg Speed =750 rpm Springs are symmetrically placed with respect to the center of mass of the machine .Negelecting damping ,find the combined stiffness of springs so that the force transmited to the foundation is 1/22 of the impressed force.If under actual working conditions ,the damping reducec the amplitude of the successive vibrations by

25 % ,determine the forces transmitted to the foundation at 750 rpm and at resonance.Also find the amplitude of vibrations at resonance. 15 (a) Calculate the range of speed of a porter governor which has equal arms of each 200 mm long and pivoted on the axis of rotation .The mass of each ball is 4 Kg and the center mass of the sleeve is 20 Kg.The radius of rotation of the ball is 100 mm where the governer begins to lift and 130 mm when the governer is at maximum speed. OR (b) Determine the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical for a two-wheeler having the following details while negotiating a curve of radius 50 m Combined mass of vehivle with rider = 260 Kg C.G with rider in vertical position = 0.6 m Moment of inertia of each road wheel = 1 Kg .m2 Moment of inertia of flywheel = 0.3 Kg.m2 Speed of the vehicle = 90 Km/hr Diamter of wheel = 0.6 m Speed of engine is 5 times that of road wheels and in the same direction. B.E. DEGREE EXAMINATION. Fourth Semester Mechanical Engineering ME 236 DYNAMICS OF MACHINES (Common to Mechatronics Engineering) Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A (10 2 = 20 marks) 1. Define Inertia force. 2. What is the function of the flywheel? 3. What is the firing order of six cylinder engine? Is this engine fully balanced? 4. Define Hammer blow with respect to locomotives. 5. State energy method of finding the equation of motion of a system. 6. State different types of damping a vibration system. 7. Define Magnification factor. 8. Define critical damping and state its application. 9. How governors are classified? 10. Define power of a governor. PART B (5 16 = 80 marks) 11. A gun barrel of mass 600 kg has a recoil spring of stiffness 294 kN/meter. If the barrel recoils 1.3 m on firing determine (i) the initial recoil velocity of the barrel (ii) the critical damping co-efficient of the dash pot which is engaged at the end of the recoil stroke (iii) the equation of motion of the gun barrel if the time of recoil is of time period. 12. (a) The crank and connecting rod of a steam engine are 0.3 m and 1.5 m in length. The crank rotates at 180 rpm. clock wise. Determine the velocity and acceleration of the piston when the crank is at 40 degrees from the inner dead centre position. Also determine the position of the crank for zero acceleration of the piston. (16) Or (b) A single cylinder double acting steam engine develops 150 kW at a mean speed of 80 rpm. The coefficient of fluctuation of energy is 0.1 and fluctuation of speed is 2% of the mean speed. If the diameter of the flywheel rim is 2 meter and the hub and spokes provide 5% of the rotational inertia of the flywheel, find the mass and cross sectional area of the flywheel rim. Assume density of flywheel as 7200 kg/m3. (16) 13. (a) Four masses are attached to a shaft at planes A, B, C and D at equal radii. The distance of the planes B, C and D from A are 40 cm, 50 cm and 120 cm respectively. The masses at A, B and C are 60 kg, 45 kg and 70 kg respectively. If the system is in complete balance, determine the mass at D and position of masses B, C and D with respect to A. (16) Or (b) A four cylinder vertical engine has cranks 300 cm long. The planes of rotation of the first, third and fourth cranks are 750 mm, 1050 mm and 1650 mm respectively from that of the second crank and their reciprocating masses are 150 kg, 400 kg and 250 kg respectively. Find the mass of the reciprocating parts

for the second cylinder and relative angular position of the cranks in order that the engine may be in complete primary balance. (16) 14. (a) (i) A torsional pendulum when immersed in oil indicates its natural frequency of 200 Hz. But when it was put to vibration in vacuum having no damping, its natural frequency has observed as 250 Hz. Find the value of damping factor of the oil. (8) (ii) A mass of 1 kg is attached to a spring having a stiffness of 3920 N/m. The mass slides on a horizontal surface, the co-efficient of friction between mass and surface being 0.1. Determine the frequency of vibration of the system and amplitude after one cycle if the initial amplitude is 0.25 cm. (8) Or (b) A machine of mass 1000 kg is supported on springs which deflect 8 mm under static load. With negligible damping the machine vibrates with an amplitude of 5 mm when subjected to a vertical harmonic force at 80 percent of the resonant frequency. When a damper is fitted it is found that the resonant amplitude is 2 mm. Find (i) Amplitude of the damping force and (ii) damping co-efficient. (16) 15. (a) In a spring controlled governor the curve of a controlling force is a straight line. When the balls are 400 mm apart the controlling force is 1200 N and when 200 mm apart the controlling force is 450 N. At what speed will the governor run when the balls are 250 mm apart. What initial tension on the spring would be required for isochronism and what would then be the speed. The mass of each ball is 9 kg. (16) Or (b) Find the angle of inclination with respect to vertical of a two wheeler negotiating a turn. Combined mass of the vehicle with its rider is 250 kg. Moment of inertia of the engine flywheel 0.3 kg m2 Moment of inertia of each road wheel 1 kg m2 Speed of the flywheel is 5 times the speed of the road wheel and in the same direction. Height of centre of gravity of the rider with vehicle is 0.6 m. Speed of the two wheeler is 90 KMPH. Wheel radius is 300 mm. Radius of turn is 50 meters. (16) B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, Fourth Semester Mechanical Engineering ME 236 DYNAMICS OF MACHINES (Common to Mechatronics Engineering) Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A (10 ? 2 = 20 marks) 1. State D.Alemberts principle. 2. Define Unbalance and Spring surge. 3. What is Dynamic Balancing? 4. What are the different types of Balancing machines? 5. What are the different types of vibrations? 6. Explain Degrees of freedom. 7. Define Frequency, Cycle, Period, Free Vibrations. 8. Define Damping factor and Resonance. 9. What is the function of a Governor? How does it differ from that of a Flywheel? 10. What is Gyroscopic Torque? PART B (5 ? 16 = 80 marks) 11. The mass of each ball of a Proell governor is 7.5 kg and the load on the sleeve is 80 kg. Each of the arms is 300 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation whereas the lower arms are pivoted to links of 40 mm from the axis of rotation. The extensions of the Lower arms to which the balls are attached are 100 mm long and are parallel to the governor axis at the minimum radius. Determine the equilibrium speeds corresponding to Extreme radii of 180 mm and 240 mm. 12. (a) The dimensions of a FourLink mechanism are AB = 500 mm, BC = 660 mm, CD = 560 mm and AD = 1000 mm. The link AB has an angular velocity of 10.5 rad/s counterclockwise and an angular retardation of 26 rad/s2 at the instant when it makes an angle of 60? with AD, the fixed link. The mass of the links BC and CD is 4.2 kg/m length. The link AB has a mass of 3.54 kg, the centre of which lies at 200 mm from A and a moment of inertia of 88500 kg.mm2. Neglecting gravity and friction effects, determine the instantaneous value of the drive torque required to be applied on AB to overcome the inertia forces. Or (b) The torque delivered by a twostroke engine is represented by

N.m Where is the angle turned by the crank from the innerdead centre. The engine speed is 250 rpm. The mass of the flywheel is 400 kg and radius of gyration 400 mm. Determine (i) the power developed (ii) the total percentage fluctuation of speed (iii) the angular acceleration of flywheel when the crank has rotated through an angle of 60? from the inner dead centre (iv) the maximum angular acceleration and retardation of the flywheel. 13. (a) Four masses A, B, C and D are completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 90? and 195? respectively with B in the same sense. The rotating masses have following properties : = 25 kg = 150 mm = 40 kg = 200 mm = 35 kg = 100 mm = 180 mm Planes B and C are 250 mm apart. Determine (i) the mass A and its angular position (ii) the positions of planes A and D. Or (b) Derive the following expressions of Effects of partial Balancing in two cylinder locomotive engine : (i) Variation of Tractive Force (ii) Swaying Couple (iii) Hammerblow. 14. (a) Derive an expression for the natural frequency of free longitudinal vibrations by (i) Equilibrium method (ii) Energy method. Or (b) The following data relate to a shaft held in long bearings : Length of shaft = 1.2 m Diameter of shaft = 14 mm Mass of a rotor at mid point = 16 kg Eccentricity of centre of mass of rotor from centre of rotor = 0.4 mm Modulus of elasticity of shaft material = 200 Permissible stress in shaft material = 70 ? Determine the critical speed of the shaft and the range of the speed over which it is unsafe to run the shaft. Assume the shaft to be massless. 15. (a) A single cylinder vertical diesel engine has a mass of 400 kg and is mounted on a steel chassis frame. The static deflection owing to the weight of the chassis is 2.4 mm. The reciprocating masses of the engine amounts to 18 kg and the stroke of the engine is 160 mm. A dashpot with a damping coefficient of 2 is also used to dampen the vibrations. In the steadystate of the vibrations, determine : (i) the amplitude of the vibrations if the driving shaft rotates at 500 rpm (ii) the speed of the driving shaft when the resonance occurs. Or (b) (i) Explain the term Magnification Factor or Dynamic Magnifier. (6) (ii) Derive the equation of vibration isolation factor or Transmissibility ratio. (10)