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Jazz Stylistic origins: Blues Folk March Ragtime Cultural origins: Early 1910s New Orleans Typical instruments: Saxophone Clarinet Bass guitar Double bass Flute Vibraphone Trumpet Piano Guitar Banjo Tuba Vocals Trombone Rhodes piano Drum kit Mainstream popularity: Derivatives: Jump blues Rhythm and blues Rock and roll Ska Reggae Funk Subgenres Avant-garde jazz Bebop Big band Chamber jazz Continental jazz Cool jazz Free jazz Gypsy jazz Hard Bop Latin jazz 1920s1970s

Mainstream jazz M-Base Neo-bop Orchestral jazz Post-bop Soul jazz Stride Swing Third stream Traditional jazz Traditional pop Vocal jazz Fusion genres Acid jazz Afrobeat Bluegrass Bossa nova Crossover jazz Dansband Folk jazz Free funk Humppa Indo jazz Jam band Jazzcore Jazz funk Jazz fusion Jazz rap Kwela Mambo Manila Sound Nu jazz Nu soul Punk jazz Shibuya-kei Ska jazz Smooth jazz Swing revival World fusion Regional scenes Australia Azerbaijan Brazil Cuba France Germany India Italy Japan Malawi

Netherlands Poland South Africa Spain United Kingdom Local scenes Cape Town Kansas City New Orleans West Coast Jazz musicians Bassists Clarinetists Drummers Guitarists Organists Pianists Saxophonists Trombonists Trumpeters Other topics Jazz Jazz Jazz Jazz Jazz standard royalty (word) clubs drumming

view talk edit Jazz is a music that originated at the beginning of the 20th century, arguably earlier, within the African-American communities of the Southern United States. Its roots lie in the adoption by African-Americans of European harmony and form, taking on those European elements and combining them into their existing African-based music. Its African musical basis is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swung note.[1] From its early development until the present day, jazz has also incorporated elements from popular music especially, in its early days, from American popular music.[2] As the music has developed and spread around the world it has, since its early American beginnings, drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures, giving rise to many distinctive styles: New Orleans jazz dating from the early 1910s, big band swing, Kansas City jazz and Gypsy jazz from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s on down through Afro-Cuban jazz, West Coast jazz, ska jazz, cool jazz, Indo jazz, avant-garde jazz, soul jazz, modal jazz, chamber jazz, free jazz, Latin jazz in various forms, smooth jazz, jazz fusion and jazz rock, jazz funk,

loft jazz, punk jazz, acid jazz, ethno jazz, jazz rap, cyber jazz, M-Base, nu jazz and other ways of playing the music. Talking of swing, Louis Armstrong, one of the most famous musicians in jazz, said to Bing Crosby on the latter's radio show, "Ah, swing, well, we used to call it syncopation, then they called it ragtime, then blues, then jazz. Now, it's swing. White folks - yo'all sho is a mess!"[3][4] In a 1988 interview, trombonist J. J. Johnson said, "Jazz is restless. It won't stay put and it never will".[5] Contents 1 Definitions 1.1 Importance of improvisation 1.2 Debates 2 Etymology 3 Race 4 History 4.1 Origins 4.1.1 Blending European and sub-Saharan African music sensibilities 4.1.1.1 Slave gatherings 4.1.1.2 The Black church 4.1.1.3 Minstrel and salon music 4.1.1.4 African rhythmic retention 4.1.2 "Spanish tinge"the Afro-Cuban rhythmic influence 4.2 1890s1910s 4.2.1 Ragtime 4.2.2 Blues 4.2.2.1 African genesis 4.2.2.2 Within the context of Western harmony 4.2.3 New Orleans 4.2.3.1 Syncopation 4.2.3.2 Swing 4.2.4 Other regions 4.3 1920s and 1930s 4.3.1 The Jazz Age 4.3.2 Swing 4.3.3 Beginnings of European jazz 4.4 1940s and 1950s 4.4.1 "American music"the genius of Ellington 4.4.2 Bebop 4.4.2.1 Rhythm 4.4.2.2 Harmony 4.4.3 Afro-Cuban jazz (cu-bop) 4.4.3.1 Machito and Mario Bauza 4.4.3.2 Dizzy Gillespie and Chano Pozo 4.4.3.3 African cross-rhythm 4.4.4 Dixieland revival 4.4.5 Cool jazz 4.4.6 Hard bop 4.4.7 Modal jazz 4.4.8 Free jazz 4.5 1960s and 1970s 4.5.1 Latin jazz 4.5.1.1 Afro-Cuban jazz

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4.5.1.1.1 Guajeos 4.5.1.1.2 Afro-Cuban jazz renaissance 4.5.1.2 Afro-Brazilan jazz 4.5.2 Post-bop 4.5.3 Soul jazz 4.5.4 African inspired 4.5.4.1 Themes 4.5.4.2 Rhythm 4.5.4.3 Pentatonic scales 4.5.5 Jazz fusion 4.5.5.1 Miles Davis' new directions 4.5.5.2 Psychedelic-jazz 4.5.5.2.1 Bitches Brew 4.5.5.2.2 Herbie Hancock 4.5.5.2.3 Weather Report 4.5.5.3 Jazz-rock 4.5.6 Jazz-funk 4.5.7 Irakere and the emergence of the Cuban school 4.5.8 Other trends 4.6 1980s 4.6.1 Resurgence of Traditionalism 4.6.2 Smooth jazz 4.6.3 Acid jazz, nu jazz and jazz rap 4.6.4 Punk jazz and jazzcore 4.6.5 M-Base 4.7 1990s2010s See also Notes References External links

Definitions Jazz spans a range of music from ragtime to the present daya period of over 100 yearsand has proved to be very difficult to define. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditionsusing the point of view of European music history or African music for examplebut critic Joachim Berendt argues that its terms of reference and its definition should be broader.[6] Berendt defines jazz as a "form of art music which originated in the United States through the confrontation of blacks with European music" and argues that it differs from European music in that jazz has a "special relationship to time defined as 'swing'", involves "a spontaneity and vitality of musical production in which improvisation plays a role" and contains a "sonority and manner of phrasing which mirror the individuality of the performing jazz musician".[6] Double bassist Reggie Workman, saxophone player Pharaoh Sanders, and drummer Idris Muhammad performing in 1978 A broader definition that encompasses all of the radically different eras of jazz has been proposed by Travis Jackson: he states that it is music that includes qualities such as swing, improvising, group interaction, developing an 'individual voice', and being open to different musical possibilities.[7] An overview of the discussion on definitions is provided by Krin Gabbard, who argues that "jazz is a construct" that, while artificial, still is useful to designate "a number of musics with enough in common to be understood as part of a coherent tradition".[8] In contrast to the efforts of commentators and enthusiasts of certain types of jazz, who have argued for

narrower definitions that exclude other types, the musicians themselves are often reluctant to define the music they play. Duke Ellington summed up this perspective by saying, "It's all

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