MACHINING

Machining is the process of removing unwanted material from a work-piece in the form of chips. If the work-piece is metal, the process if often called metal cutting or metal removal. Conventional Machining is one of the most significant types of machining which makes use of sharp cutting tools to mechanically cut the material to achieve the desired geometry. This type of machining is carried out conventional machines called lathes. Though now manual lathes have been replaced by CNCs and Intelligent machines yet they are based on the same principle. A material removal process in which a sharp cutting tool is used to mechanically cut away material so that the desired part geometry remains Most common application is to shape metal parts. Machining is the most versatile and accurate of all manufacturing processes in its capability to produce a diversity of part geometries and geometric features. Casting can also produce a variety of shapes, but it lacks the precision and accuracy of machining

The work-piece is rotated in a lathe, screw machine, or chucking machine. It is held between centers or in a chuck or collet, or fastened to a face place. The cutting tool is fed into the work or along the work, or both, to produce a part of the desired shape. Machining Purpose, Principle and Definition (a) Purpose of Machining Most of the engineering components such as gears, bearings, clutches, tools, screws and nuts etc. need dimensional and form accuracy and good surface finish for serving their purposes. Preforming like casting, forging etc. generally cannot provide the desired accuracy and finish. For that such preformed parts, called blanks, need semi-finishing and finishing and it is done by machining and grinding. Grinding is also basically a machining process. Machining to high accuracy and finish essentially enables a product fulfill its functional requirements improve its performance prolong its service

(b) Principle of Machining A metal rod of irregular shape, size and surface is converted into a finished rod of desired dimension and surface by machining by proper relative motions of the tool-work pair as shown below.

(c) Definition of Machining: Machining is an essential process of finishing by which jobs are produced to the desired dimensions and surface finish by gradually removing the excess material from the preformed blank in the form of chips with the help of cutting tool(s) moved past the work surface(s).

(iv) Machining requirements

Machining operations are basically categorized into following categories: Turning and related operations Drilling and related operations Milling Other machining operations (sawing, grinding, etc.)

Turning: A machining process in which a single-point tool removes material from the surface of a rotating work piece.
acknowledgement It is always a pleasure to remind the fine peoplein the Engineering program for their sincere guidance I received touphold my practical as well as theoretical skills in engineering. Firstly I would like to thank Dr.C.Muthamizhchelvan (Director of E&T, SRM University) formeticulously planning academic curriculum in such a way thatstudents are not only academically sound but also industry ready byincluding such industrial training patterns. I would also like to thanks Mr. V.R. PrasathKumar (Class Incharge) for the positive attitude he showed for mywork, always allowing me to question him and giving prompt repliesfor my uncertainties in all the fields including educational, social andmanagerial work. I would also like to acknowledge and myheartfelt gratitude to Mr.K.S.Anandh (coordinator) who continuouslysupported me in every possible way, from initial advice toencouragement till this date. I express my immense pleasure and deep senseof gratitude to Sri I.Nanajee (General Manager, CIVIL) and my guideand solicitor to Mr.Srinivas (Planning) for spending his valuable timewith me and also helped me in completion of task. Finally, I would also like to thanks SriDebabrata ray (Site- In charge), Mr.Srikanth (Asst.Manager) forgiving me this opportunity and guiding me during the course of thetraining. 4