ST.

GABRIELS SECONDARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY 4E ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS WORKSHEET 3A : INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES E-LEARNING NOTES
Name : _______________________( ) Class : Sec 4______ Date : __________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _ INTRODUCTION AND BASIC DEFINITIONS Example:

Student Maths English History A 61 56 44 B 54 72 63 C 49 67 82 If the headings are omitted and the data would look like this: Physics 70 35 66

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements (usually numbers) arranged ___________________ ______________.

[Plural: matrices]

How to read elements in a matrix?

a e i m b f j n c g k o d h l p

The number of rows and columns need not be the same. 1 3 1 A= 0 4 2 __________________ , 0 2 B= 1 3 __________________ .

A matrix with ____ rows and

columns is said to have O

m n (read as m by n).

Practice: Write down the order of each matrix. 1 2 P= , 4 3 Order of P = __________ 1 Q = 3 4 Order of 0 2 6 8 , 3 5 Q = __________ R = ( 9 2 7 ) Order of R = __________

It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Theodore Roosevelt

Types of matrices
(a) Row Matrix: A matrix with only _______ row. Eg. ( 2 3 4 ), ________________ (b) Column Matrix: A matrix with only one column. 8 Eg. , 6

(c) Square Matrix: A matrix with equal number of rows and columns. Eg. 1 3 , 2 1

(d) Diagonal Matrix: A matrix in which all elements are zero except the elements along its diagonal which slopes downwards from _______________. Eg. 71 0 , . 0 5

(e) Null Matrix or zero matrix: A matrix with all zero elements. Eg. 0 , . 0

(f) Identity matrix or Unit matrix: A diagonal matrix in which all diagonal element equal to 1. It is usually denoted by the letter I Eg. ,.

It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Theodore Roosevelt

(g) Transpose Matrix: When the rows and columns of a matrix are interchanged, the resulting matrix is called a transpose matrix. Eg. and are transpose matrices.

(h) Equal Matrices: Two matrices are equal if they are of the same ___________ their corresponding ___________ are equal. Eg. and .

Practice:

8 A= 6 2 4 7 2 6 8 3 1 0

B=

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

C=

1 3 1 0 4 2 71 0 0 5

1 0 0 0 D = 0 9 0 0 5
H=

E=

F=

G=

1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 5

J=

(1

3 2)

0 K= 0
0 9 5 0

2 2 3 L = 4 6 1 7 8 0

P=

0 2 M= 1 3

N =

List down the following matrix Row Matrix: Column Matrix: Identity Matrix : Null Matrix : ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ Transpose Matrix : Diagonal Matrix : Square Matrix : Equal Matrix : ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Theodore Roosevelt

A=

8 6

B=
= =

0 0 0 0 0 0

D =

1 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 5

M =

0 2 1 3

Write down the order of matrix A, B, D and M. Order of A Order of B ________ ________ Order of M Order of D = = ________ ________

Matrix Addition & Subtraction The addition/subtraction of two matrices is done by adding/subtracting the corresponding elements of the two matrices. Matrices can be added/subtracted only if they are of the _____________________.

The sum (or difference) of two matrices A and B, denoted by A+B or (A B) is a matrix of the same order as each of A and B.
1 1 2 ,B= 0 0 1 3 2

Eg.

Given A =

Then A + B =

And A B = Practice: Given A =

3 3 4 2 , B = 3 5 1 & C = (3 5 0)

Evaluate the following if they exist. (i) A+B

(ii)

B+C

(iii)

AB

Multiplication of a Matrix by a Scalar

It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Theodore Roosevelt

Let A = c

b d

Then 2A = 2 c

b = d

Hence, if k is a scalar, Then the matrix kA is the matrix whose elements are the ____________ of k and each elements of A. Practice: Given A = ( 3 (i) 2A
5 5) , find

(ii) 3A

It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Theodore Roosevelt