Polaroid Integral Film Training Guide

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PROBLEM ANALYSIS:
Integral Films
POLAROID FILM TRAINING
Purpose of the Program

Identify and understand the causes of reported film problems, and Prevent the recurrence of problems whenever possible.
Integral Films
8.8 x 10.7 cm (3.5 x 4.2 in.)
600 & SX-70 cameras
10.2 x 10.5 cm (4.0 x 4.1 in.)

Spectra cameras
95 Film 11.1 x 6.4 cm (4.4 x 2.5 in.)

Captiva/Vision Cameras
AutoFilm 11.4 x 10.8 cm (4.5 x 4.2 in.)

CB-33 camera back
Basic Imaging Problems
4
Trainers and independent learners: click here for program overview.
Defect Code #
PROBLEM:
Example of Problem
Description of problem
5
CAUSE:
Cause of problem
ANALYSIS (%): Approximate statistical probability, a guideline
Operator error (%) Storage or handling problem (%) Camera malfunction (%) Film manufacturing defect (%)
#201
PROBLEM:
Green or dark stain at pod end; expanse of unprocessed negative

CAUSE:
Pre-broken (ruptured) pod
ANALYSIS:
Front seal improperly laminated (50%) Operator squeezed pod end of film pack (25%) Improper handling (25%)
PROBLEM:
#224
Incomplete coverage with blowback

CAUSE:
Uneven reagent spread; trapped air separates negative from sheet

ANALYSIS:
Defective manufacturing process (95%) Improper storage/handling (5%)
PROBLEM:
#632
Fuzzy picture
8
CAUSE:
Picture is not sharp
ANALYSIS:
Camera or subject motion, subject too close, smudge or fingerprint on lens (60%) Defective lens, faulty sonar ranging device (40%)
#837
PROBLEM:
Hazy/white (fogged) picture

CAUSE:
Film pre-exposed to light prior to taking of picture

ANALYSIS:
Light leak in camera, if problem is repeated (40%) Manufacturing defect, if isolated occurrence (40%) Film pack inserted while in bright sunlight (20%)
#143
PROBLEM:
Dark slide or picture is not ejected (no sound)

CAUSE:
10
Motor in camera is not activated
ANALYSIS:
Faulty battery in filmpack (90%) Defective motor (5%) Damaged battery contacts in camera (5%)
PROBLEM:
#141
Dark slide or picture is not ejected (with sound)

CAUSE:
11
Dark slide or film frame jammed in filmpack
ANALYSIS:
Defective film or film pack (85%) Defective camera, if occurrence is frequent (15%)
PROBLEM:
#603
Evenly spaced spots and/or stripes/bars

CAUSE:
12
Dust, plastic particles, or dried developer stuck to rollers

ANALYSIS:
Dirty rollers (100%) Rollers should be cleaned frequently as preventive maintenance.
#835
PROBLEM:
Developer leakage on back of picture starting at bottom (pod) end

CAUSE:
13
Roller has picked up leaked developer
ANALYSIS:
Pod tape not properly laminated (100%)
Rollers should be cleaned before next picture.
PROBLEM:
#836
Developer leakage on back of picture at top (trap) end

CAUSE:
14
Developer leakage from trap end as picture comes through rollers

ANALYSIS:
White mask not properly laminated (70%)
Rollers should be cleaned before next picture.

Film was used/stored in high temperature (30%)
How to clean rollers

Use a soft, non-abrasive cloth or cotton swab moistened with water Turn rollers to clean back side
15
How to clean rollers

Do not use alcohol or other cleaning fluid Never scrape the rollers with a hard object Dry the rollers thoroughly before use
16
#635
PROBLEM:
Picture too light

17
CAUSE:
Overexposure (picture exposed to too much light)

ANALYSIS:
Operator too close to subject (50%) Lighten/darken control set towards lighten (25%) Shutter or exposure control or ranging system malfunction (25%)
#635
PROBLEM:
Picture too dark

18
CAUSE:
Underexposure (picture exposed to too little light)

ANALYSIS:
Operator too far from subject or backlighting (50%) Lighten/darken control set towards darken (25%) Defective flash or exposure control or sonar ranging system malfunction (25%)
#610
PROBLEM:
Totally black picture

19
CAUSE:
Film not exposed to light
ANALYSIS:
Shutter doesn't open or flash doesn't fire when taking indoor picture in extremely low light (100%)
PROBLEM:
#609
Totally white or yellowish picture

CAUSE:
20
Film is exposed to too much light
ANALYSIS:
Partially used film pack is inserted and white picture is automatically ejected (60%) Shutter stays open too long or doesn't close (35%) Film totally exposed to light during manufacture (5%)
PROBLEM:
#639
Wind separation
21
CAUSE:
Rapid movement causes negative and sheet to separate

ANALYSIS:
Picture is either waved or exposed to high wind during development (100%)
Proper storage and handling procedures are illustrated by the graphics on all cases of Polaroid film.
Avoid exposure to radiation. Do not stack more than (16) cases high. Shield from direct sunlight/ avoid high temperatures. 22
Keep dry and avoid high humidity.
Here are some common imaging problems due to improper storage and handling
23
PROBLEM:
#651
Pictures are yellow or appear to be faded throughout the pack

CAUSE:
24
Heat
ANALYSIS:
Film stored at temperatures above 40C (105F) for an extended period of time (60%) Film exposed to extreme heat shortly before taking picture (40%)
PROBLEM:
#652
Pictures are too blue

25
CAUSE:
Cold
ANALYSIS:
Picture taken with film temperature below 13C (55F) (100%)
CAUTION: DO NOT FREEZE FILM
PROBLEM:
Dull/faded; streaks/smears; incomplete coverage throughout the pack

CAUSE:
26
Outdated film
ANALYSIS:
Film used after expiration date (100%)
End POLAROID FILM TRAINING:
Integral Films
Use Bookmark or click on logo to return to Library.
INTEGRAL FILM TRAINING GUIDE
28

Cause
The pod broke open prematurely and developer dried prior to taking a picture and processing film through the rollers
Analysis
If the film pack is squeezed at the end where the pods are all stacked on top of each other, one or more pods will rupture and developer will leak out When developer leaks out prematurely, it eventually hardens (green stain), which accounts for the expanse of unprocessed film This problem is most likely the result of improper handling by the operator, or the pod's front seal may have been improperly laminated during manufacture MORE
RETURN
29

Prevention
Always handle the film pack by the edges, never squeeze it in the area where the pods are stacked on top of each other
Demonstration tips
Show where the film pack should not be squeezed Take the film pack apart and show how the pictures and pods are positioned inside Squeeze a film pack and let it sit overnight; then take pictures the next day
RETURN
30

Cause
Developer did not sufficiently bond the positive and negative after the film was processed through the rollers
Analysis
There was not enough developer to completely bond the positive/negative sandwich at the far corners of the picture In isolated instances, it may be caused by breaking the pod seal just prior to taking a picture With a poor bond, air will flow into the fold of the sealed film, then back into the picture causing white fingerlike streaks This can be aggravated by bending or twisting the film while it is developing
MORE RETURN
31

Prevention
Always hold the film pack by the edges when removing the outer wrapping and when loading it into the camera Lay the film flat while it is developing; avoid bending, or twisting, especially during the early stages of development
Demonstration tips
This may be difficult to simulate because it is usually a film manufacturing problem; try the following:
Squeeze the film on one side just prior to picture-taking Bend the film slightly at the far end of the picture immediately after it exits the camera (early stage of development) RETURN
32
Fuzzy picture
Cause
Images are unsharp because of camera or subject motion, subject too close, fingerprint smudge on the lens, or defective camera
Analysis
Either the camera or the subject may have moved while the shutter button was being depressed The image will also be fuzzy if the subject is closer than the camera's closeup capability A severe fuzzy image, along with some distortion, is usually caused by a smudged lens In isolated instances, the camera's lens or sonar ranging system may be faulty
MORE RETURN
33
Fuzzy picture
Prevention
Always use flash when taking indoor pictures Hold the camera steady while depressing the shutter button; let the subject know when the picture is about to be taken Periodically check the lens for smudges; clean it according to camera instructions Avoid taking extreme closeup shots; or use an auxiliary closeup lens if available
Demonstration tips
Demonstrate camera/subject movement indoors without flash Take an extreme closeup picture; first check the instruction book for the minimum required distance Smudge the camera lens with a damp, or greasy finger, then RETURN take a picture
34

Cause
There is no visible image transfer in portions of the picture where the negative was exposed to light (or fogged) prior to taking a picture
Analysis
A repetitive fogging pattern from picture-to-picture (and pack-to-pack) indicates a possible light leak in the camera If the fogging is an isolated occurrence, it may be the result of a manufacturing defect Another possibility is that the operator may have partially removed, then reinserted, the dark slide prior to loading the film Or, the camera was opened and the film pack partially removed, then reinserted, prior to taking a picture
MORE RETURN
35

Prevention
If it is necessary to open the camera for any reason, such as cleaning the rollers or clearing a jam, be careful not to dislodge the film pack Note: Partially removing and reinserting the film pack will ruin that picture only, all remaining pictures should be unaffected Do not tamper with the dark slide prior to loading the film Have the camera checked if the problem is repetitive
Demonstration tips
Punch a hole in the dark slide before inserting the film and taking a picture Open the camera, partially remove (about 1/4) and reinsert the film, then take a picture
RETURN
36

Cause
The motor in the camera is not activated either because it is defective, or because the film battery is dead
Analysis
When the dark slide doesn't eject and the motor doesnt sound, try another film pack If the second pack still doesn't work, the camera motor is probably defective; if it does work, the battery in the first pack caused the problem If there is weak sound, the battery may be weak In isolated instances, the camera's battery contacts may be faulty
MORE RETURN
37

Prevention
Since age reduces the battery's power, avoid using outdated film When purchasing film, always check the expiration date If using large quantities of film for high-volume applications, be sure to keep the inventory current
Demonstration tips
Place tape over the films battery contacts, then load the film and take a picture
RETURN
38

Cause
The dark slide or picture jammed in the film pack, or the camera's film pick mechanism was defective
Analysis
When the motor sounds and the picture doesn't eject, open the camera and remove the jammed frame, then reinsert the film pack and close the camera If remaining films eject, it was probably a film problem If remaining films do not eject, try another film pack and if the problem persists, the camera's film picking system is faulty Note: Sometimes an empty film cassette needs to be inserted to clear camera cycle (e.g., if camera shut down in mid-cycle)
MORE
RETURN
39

Prevention
Whenever this problem occurs from pack-to-pack, even intermittently, the camera should be returned for service
Demonstration tips
Point out the pick slot opening in the film box and explain how the cameras pick pulls the film out Using a partial pack, tape the first picture to the film box and insert the pack in the camera; demonstrate how the camera sounds and the picture doesn't eject
RETURN
40

Cause
Dust, plastic particles, or dried developer is stuck on the camera's rollers
Analysis
Material that is stuck to the rollers puts pressure on the film as it is transported between them This pressure causes blemishes in the picture The pattern is evenly spaced because the film is compressed each time the camera makes one full revolution
MORE RETURN
41

Prevention
The rollers should be checked, and cleaned if necessary, prior to loading each new pack of film
Demonstration tips
Simulate dirty rollers by placing a piece of tape on one of the rollers prior to taking a picture Demonstrate the proper cleaning method: Rotate the rollers while cleaning them with a damp cloth or cotton swab; make sure they are dry before loading and processing more film Never scrape the rollers with a hard object; a scratch or nick on the rollers will permanently alter picture quality
RETURN
42

Cause:
The pod tape was not properly laminated
Analysis
During manufacture, a thin strip of tape secures the front edge of the pod to the back of the film (in the area of the film code); this prevents developer from spreading on the back of the film as it is transported through the rollers If a portion of this tape is not laminated properly, some developer will leak onto the back of the picture as developer spreads between the positive and negative
MORE RETURN
43

Prevention
Open the camera and clean the rollers before continuing; be careful not to dislodge the film Note: Poor lamination often occurs in "bunches" and a new pack of film may have to be inserted
Demonstration tips
Remove a picture from the pack and cut open a portion of the pod tape, then replace the picture and process the film; developer will leak from the back of the damaged picture as it ejects from the camera Demonstrate the proper cleaning method: Rotate the rollers while cleaning them with a damp cloth or cotton swab; make sure they are dry before loading and processing more film Never scrape the rollers with a hard object; a scratch or nick RETURN on the rollers will permanently alter picture quality
44
Developer leakage on back of picture at the top (trap) end

Cause
Developer leaked from the top of the picture because the white mask was not properly laminated (pin holes in mask) Film stored or loaded in high heat may weaken the lamination
Analysis
During manufacture, the white mask which borders the back of the picture was not properly laminated at the top (trap) end Developer, which is normally trapped at this end of the picture, leaked out as the picture exited the rollers As a result, developer was deposited on the rollers
MORE RETURN
45
Developer leakage on back of picture at the top (trap) end

Prevention
Open the camera and clean the rollers before continuing
Demonstration tips
Remove a picture from the pack and cut open a portion of the mask at the trap end, then replace the picture and process the film; developer will leak from under the mask as the picture exits the camera Demonstrate the proper cleaning method: Rotate the rollers while cleaning them with a damp cloth or cotton swab; make sure they are dry before loading and processing more film Never scrape the rollers with a hard object; a scratch or nick on the rollers will permanently alter picture quality
RETURN
46
Picture too light

Cause
When the picture was taken, the negative received too much light, causing the subject to be overexposed (too light)
Analysis
When the subject is closer than the recommended minimum camera-to-subject distance, too much light reflects from the subject, through the lens and onto the negative A light subject close to a white/light background or simply a large portion of the picture being white will cause overexposure Another possible cause of overexposure is setting the camera's lighten/darken control toward lighten If the problem persists, the camera's exposure control or ranging system may be faulty; camera should be repaired
MORE RETURN
47
Picture too light

Prevention
Follow instructions for the recommended camera-to-subject distance Make sure the lighten/darken control is properly adjusted for lighting conditions in the scene
Demonstration tips
Take some closeup pictures indoors with flash and outdoors in available light; be sure to move in closer than the recommended distance Do an exposure series (indoors and outdoors) at each lighten/darken setting keep the same camera-to-subject distance for each picture
RETURN
48
Picture too dark

Cause
When the picture was taken, the negative did not receive enough light and the subject was underexposed (too dark)
Analysis
Pictures will be underexposed if...
The camera-to-subject distance exceeds the flash range when taking indoor pictures The subject is positioned in front of a very bright background Dark subject is close to dark background or large portion of scene is dark The lighten/darken control is set towards darken
A persistent problem indicates possible equipment failure such as a defective flash, or a malfunctioning exposure control or sonar ranging system
MORE RETURN
49
Picture too dark

Prevention
Do not exceed the recommended camera-to-subject distance when taking indoor flash pictures Avoid backlit situations; place the subject in front of a neutral background, or move in closer so the subject fills most of the image area
Demonstration tips
Take some indoor pictures with the subject positioned beyond the flash range Simulate a backlit situation by placing the subject indoors in front of a brightly lit window and taking a picture without flash; make sure the sonar ranging device is turned off
RETURN
50

Cause
The negative was either not exposed to light at all, or it was significantly underexposed
Analysis
Either the flash didn't fire when taking an indoor picture in extremely low light, or the shutter didn't open When the flash doesn't fire, there is usually not enough available light to expose an image on the film If the shutter doesn't open, the film will be completely unexposed (black)
MORE RETURN
51

Prevention
Make sure the flash is turned on when taking indoor pictures If the problem persists, the camera should be returned for repair
Demonstration tips
Purposely disable the flash and take an indoor picture under typical home lighting conditions Note: When taking an indoor picture without flash, an image may be slightly visible if the room light is extremely bright To simulate a shutter that didnt open, hold a dark slide against the lens and take a picture
RETURN
52

Cause
The negative was exposed to too much light
Analysis
The first picture of a partial pack will come out white because it was totally exposed to light prior to insertion If for any reason (such as removing a jammed picture) the film is removed from the camera and then reinserted, the first picture will be white; all remaining pictures will be normal Another possibility is that the film was exposed to light during manufacture, or that a malfunctioning shutter stayed open too long
MORE RETURN
53

Prevention
If the problem continues from pack-to-pack, even intermittently, have the camera checked at a service center
Demonstration tips
Show how the first picture in a partial pack is exposed to available light
RETURN
54
Wind separation
Cause
Portions of the positive and negative separated before the film was fully developed
Analysis
When the picture first exits the camera it is most susceptible to disturbances such as flapping, or bending; the image isn't fully developed and the bond between positive and negative has not hardened Portions of the film that separate prematurely will be underdeveloped, or muddy; this is because development stops once the positive/negative/developer bond is broken
MORE RETURN
55
Wind separation
Prevention
Lay the picture flat immediately after it exits the camera, shield it from the wind and avoid bending, twisting, or otherwise disturbing the picture during development
Demonstration tips
Cut open an unused film assembly and point out the negative and transparent positive; explain how developer flows between the two layers and eventually hardens after a few hours Demonstrate the problem by disturbing (bending or flapping) pictures at various development intervals 1) Immediately after exiting the camera, 2) After 5 seconds, 3) After 10 seconds, 4) After 15 seconds, and so on; compare the results
RETURN
56

Cause
The film was stored at high temperatures for an extended period, or the film was exposed to extreme heat just prior to picture-taking
Analysis
If stored at temperatures exceeding 40C (105F) for an extended period, the film will prematurely age, simulating the greenish color of outdated film Damage from long-term hot storage is irreversible, even after the film has been brought back to room temperature for 24 hours or more The same yellowish color will result if the film is exposed to extreme heat just prior to picture-taking; however, color MORE quality returns to normal if the film and camera are brought RETURN back to room temperature before continuing
57

Prevention
Always store the film at room temperature, or colder; in hot climates, keep it in an air conditioned room Note: If the film is kept in cold storage, allow it to warm up for at least 24 hours before taking pictures Protect the camera and film from extreme heat during picture-taking
Demonstration Tips
Store two packs of film in a hot location for at least two hours Take pictures with one pack immediately after removing it from hot storage, then take pictures with the other pack after letting it sit at room temperature for 24 hours Compare the results
RETURN
58

Cause
The film was too cold when the picture was taken
Analysis
When film temperature is below 13C (55F), pictures will have an overall bluish color tone; cold also reduces film speed, which is why the pictures are darker than normal This will occur if the film was stored in a cold area and not allowed to return to room temperature prior to picture-taking It will also occur if the film was kept at room temperature but pictures were taken and developed in cold surroundings
MORE RETURN
59

Prevention
If the film was stored in a cold location for an extended period, allow it to return to room temperature for at least 24 hours before taking pictures Camera and film should be at room temperature during picture-taking; also, the film should be at room temperature while developing Important: Never freeze the film
Demonstration Tips
Store two packs of film in a refrigerator Take pictures with one pack while it is still cold, then take pictures with the other pack after letting it warm up for 24 hours Compare the results
RETURN
60

Cause
Film degradation occurred because the film was outdated
Analysis
The affects of outdated film are irreversible
MORE RETURN
61

Prevention
Always check the film expiration date at the time of purchase; do not accept film that has exceeded the expiration date printed on the outside of the film box When using large quantities of film, the inventory should be controlled so that film does not become outdated
Demonstration Tips
Not applicable
RETURN

Polaroid Integral Film Training Guide

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To optimize the display of this program, choose FULL SCREEN from the VIEW menu.

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Purpose of the Program

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

10.2 x 10.5 cm (4.0 x 4.1 in.)

95 Film 11.1 x 6.4 cm (4.4 x 2.5 in.)

AutoFilm 11.4 x 10.8 cm (4.5 x 4.2 in.)

Basic Imaging Problems

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

ANALYSIS (%): Approximate statistical probability, a guideline

Green or dark stain at pod end; expanse of unprocessed negative

Pre-broken (ruptured) pod

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Incomplete coverage with blowback

Uneven reagent spread; trapped air separates negative from sheet

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Defective manufacturing process (95%) Improper storage/handling (5%)

Picture is not sharp

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Hazy/white (fogged) picture

Film pre-exposed to light prior to taking of picture

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Dark slide or picture is not ejected (no sound)

Motor in camera is not activated

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Dark slide or picture is not ejected (with sound)

Dark slide or film frame jammed in filmpack

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Evenly spaced spots and/or stripes/bars

Dust, plastic particles, or dried developer stuck to rollers

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Dirty rollers (100%) Rollers should be cleaned frequently as preventive maintenance.

Developer leakage on back of picture starting at bottom (pod) end

Roller has picked up leaked developer

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Pod tape not properly laminated (100%)

Rollers should be cleaned before next picture.

Developer leakage on back of picture at top (trap) end

Developer leakage from trap end as picture comes through rollers

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

White mask not properly laminated (70%)

Rollers should be cleaned before next picture.

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

How to clean rollers

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

How to clean rollers

Picture too light

Overexposure (picture exposed to too much light)

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Picture too dark

Underexposure (picture exposed to too little light)

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Totally black picture

Film not exposed to light

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Totally white or yellowish picture

Film is exposed to too much light

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Rapid movement causes negative and sheet to separate

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Picture is either waved or exposed to high wind during development (100%)

POLAROID FILM TRAINING

Keep dry and avoid high humidity.

Pictures are yellow or appear to be faded throughout the pack