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Name Registration Number Learning Center Name TRAINING PVT. LTD.

Learning Center Code Course Semester Subject Set No. IV

SUJAY NANDKISHOR CHAVAN. 521128626 HALO TECHNOLOGIES &

02835 MBA

JAVA AND WEB DESIGN (MI0041) -

Date of Submission at Learning Center Marks Awarded

Directorate of Distance Learning Sikkim Manipal University II Floor, Syndicate Building Manipal 576 104

Signature of the Coordinator

Signature of the LC

Signature of Evaluator

Halo Technologies and Training Pvt. Ltd. || 65260303 || 9870050750 || academics@halo.co.in

Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 4 MI0041 Java and Web design -4 Credits (Book ID: B1327) Assignment Set -1 (60 marks) Note: Answer all questions (with 300 to 400 words each) must be written within 6-8 pages. Each Question carries 10 marks

Q.1 Explain the browser components and its features. Ans : The Web browser consists of seven main components, each having a specific task to perform and they are: User interface: It consists of an address bar where you can enter the URL, bookmark menu to save the links of your favourite Web pages, back/forward button to navigate to the previous Web page/next Web page, and so on. Browser engine: It is the interface through which you can ask questions to the browser and manipulate the rendering engine. It also sets the layout of a Web page formatted with HTML tags within a browser. Rendering engine: It is displays the content you had requested, after obtaining it from the respective Web server. Networking: It is used for calling the network for example, raising an HTTP request for a URL connection through the server. Display backend: It provides drawing tools, user interface widgets, and fonts that help to display text and graphics. Javascript interpreter: It is used to parse and execute the codes of written using the Java script. Data storage: This enables the browser to save all the data on the hard disk and acts as the database of the browser. Features of browser : Address field: This is the area on the browser window where you enter the Web page address or URL. At the right end of this area, there is a small arrow pointing Page | 2

towards the menu bar, when you click this arrow you will view a list of some of the Websites that you have visited recently. Back and forward buttons: The back button is used to go back to the previous page that you have opened in a particular browser window. The forward button allows you to view pages that you have previously viewed in that browser window. In some browsers, there is a small arrow pointing towards the menu bar arrow right next to these buttons, when you click this arrow you will see the list of Websites that you have visited after opening the browser window. Home button: When you click this button you will be able to view the page that you have set as home page. A home page is a default page that opens when you open the browser window. Menu bar: A menu bar is a part of each browser window, it contains menus like File, Edit, View, Favourites or Bookmarks, Tools and Help. Refresh or reload: When you click the refresh or reload button, the page is updated. For example, if you think that the contents of a browser window may have changed since the last time you viewed it, you can click this button to update the page. Security indicators: At the left corner of the window, a lock icon appears when you use a browser and this is called padlock. If the padlock is in a lock position then you can say that your server connection is secure, i.e. the data being sent and received by the server is encrypted. This indicates that nobody else can access this data. Status bar: This is a bar at the bottom of the browser window which indicates the URL of the Web page currently being loaded into the browser window. It also displays the URL of the link on which the cursor of your mouse is placed. While loading, the Web page shows a progress indicator which shows how much percentage of a file has been downloaded. Stop button: This button is used to stop the browser from loading the Web page on to the browsing window. Q. 2 Describe in detail the building of webpage. Ans : Building a Web Page : Building a Web page involves great planning and design. Before you design the Web page it is very important to plan the structure of the Web page and also decide the kind of content that you insert in to the Web page. The first major issue that you need to address is gathering the right content and organising the gathered content on the Web page. While doing so, you need to understand the requirements of the audience who use the Web page clearly. Therefore, you need to define the objectives of your design clearly before gathering the content. While gathering the content, you must ensure that you do not include any content that does not define the objectives. This will make sure that only the right content is used for creating the Web page. After you gather the content you also make sure that you organise the content logically. This means you need to Page | 3

structure the content properly on the Web page. This involves providing proper names to the sections and subsections that you use to categorise the content. Also, there must be a logical flow in which you present the content. Some of the basic aspects of Web layout that you need to keep in mind while designing a Web page are: Space and white space: Try to use the entire space available on the Web page. However, make sure you do not overcrowd the page with too much information. You need to keep the screen resolution in mind so that your text does not look too small or too large. You can use colours to define spaces. For example, if you want to have a page which has a specific width, then you can centre it on the browser screen and make the background colour and the page colour different. (The page colour is the colour of your Web page and background colour is the colour of the browser window where the Web page is displayed.) When you aligning Images and graphics: Images and graphics are a major part of your Web layout. You need to make sure that you check the image size and position before you put it on the Web page. Since, images have large impact on the audience than the text. Text width: Often referred to as scan length this defines the number of words you can display on one line. Most designers prefer to have seven to eleven words in a line just to make sure that the user is able to read it without any difficult. Since, most people are not comfortable reading lengthy sentences. Therefore, setting a proper width for your Web page is very essential and improves the efficiency of the design. Once you finalise the Web layout you can easily build the Web pages. With the Web layout, more than one designer can work on the same page and still maintain uniformity. First write a simple HTML code as shown below: <html> <head> <title>My First Web Page!</title> </head> <body> <h2>My Web page</h2> <p>This is my first Web page. I have created this Web page using a Notepad. </p> </body> </html> Q.3 How to use forms? Explain with an example. Ans : Using a Form : Let us now discuss about HTML forms. You might have signed up to Gmail, Yahoo! or any of the other online communities. When you visit the page, it asks you to fill and submit an online form. We can use the HTML tags to create such forms on Web page. Usually, forms contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radiobuttons, submit buttons and so on. You can create the forms using the <form> tag. First you create the form element using <form> and </form> tags. Next you define the elements that you want to Page | 4

display on the form within the form element. The syntax of the form is as shown below: <form> Input elements </form> Let us learn how to create some of the input elements that we use in a Web page form; Text fields: This is a single line input filed where you can enter the text. The example code shows how to create it using the tag <input type="text"/>. First name: <input type="text" name="Name1"/> Last name: <input type="text" name="Name1"/> In the above code, the type attribute is used to specify the type of element you want to create. The text "First name" and "Last name" is displayed in the beginning of the text field as shown below:

The rectangular boxes are the text fields where you enter the text. Password field: This field is similar to text field and the only difference is that you can view the text you enter in the text field. However, in password field you cannot see the text that you enter, for every character that you enter you see either an asterisks (*) or dot (.). You can use the same tag that you used to create text field except that the value that you pass to the attribute "type" will be "password". This signifies that the field is a password field. Using the attribute "name" you can define a variable to store the password that you enter. The example code for the password field is given below, Password: <input type="password" name="PassWord"> The password field that we have defined in the above code appears as shown below:

Radio buttons: This button allows you to select only one of the items from the given list. For example, for a question asked in a form they provide four answers out of which only one answer will be correct and you have to choose only one out of the four. In such cases, you can use radio button. The code given below explains how to insert radio buttons on the Web page. <form> <p>Tiger is the national animal of India. <input type="radio" name="answer" value="true" /> True <input type="radio" name="answer" value="false" /> False </form> In the above example code, you can see that we are passing the value "radio" to the attribute "type" indicating that the element that the browser is supposed to display is a radio button. Here, "answer" is the variable in which the value which we have defined using the attribute "value" is saved (true or false). The output of the above code is as shown below: Page | 5

Checkboxes: The code to define the checkboxes is shown below: <form> <p>Select the vehicles that you have.<> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car </form> You can notice from the above example code that the code for checkboxes is similar to the radio buttons. The only difference is the value that we pass to the attribute "type". Submit button: This button is used to send form data from the Web page to the Web server. Q.4 Give an example for cascade style sheets and explain editing with cascade style sheets in detail. Ans : Introduction to CSS : Generally, every Web page has three major components: content, its presentation and behaviour . The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to handle the presentation of the content on the Web page. It helps you to improve the visual look of your Web page. With the help of CSS you can control the font colour, size and several other design aspects on the Web page. Benefits of CSS : Separate content from presentation Reduces code complexity Fast loading pages Reduces use of JavaScript Saves time Web Page Editing with CSS Now, before discussing about the text formatting let us discuss how you can create styles in a style sheet and incorporate it in the HTML document. This is achieved using the CSS class selector. So, what is this CSS class selector? The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of HTML elements (refer to Unit 2 for HTML elements). Using this you can specify a particular style for any HTML element. Below is an example that helps you understand how to use the class selector. <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> .center { text-align:center;} </style> </head> <body> Page | 6

<h1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1> <p class="center">Center-aligned paragraph.</p> </body> </html> This example uses internal method to apply style to the HTML document (refer section 4.2 for internal method). All the CSS class selectors will start with a ".", followed by the name of the class selector. In our example, the name given to the class selector is ".center" (refer previous section for syntax of CSS tag). The "textalign" attribute is used for aligning the text, in our example, we are passing the value "center" to the attribute "text-align" i.e. the text for which the style is applied will be aligned at the centre of the Web page. Now we have created a class selector named "center" to align the text at the centre of the Web page. "<h1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1>" this line shows how you can call the class defined in the <head> element to apply style. Note, you can choose any name you like for the class. In this case, we have chosen to call the class as centre, since it is being used to centre text. As you can see in the code line we are calling the class "center" using the attribute "class" inside the opening tag <h1>. Q.5 Describe the working of search engine. What are the different types of search engine? Explain with its application. Ans : Search engines use the following processes in its working: Web crawling: When you search for information by typing keywords in a search engine Website it gives you a list of related information. Prior to listing the related information, it has to find it. In order to retrieve information from the numerous Websites that exist on the WWW, a search engine utilises special software robots known as spiders. The spiders are simple programs that scan the Web pages to create a list or index of words that are found on the Websites, and the process of creating a list or index of words by a spider is known as Web crawling. Indexing: After the spider program finishes the job of looking for information on the Web pages, the search engines have to store the information such that it is useful for the users. This is known as indexing. An efficient indexing helps us to quickly find information on the Web. We have to note that the data needs to be encoded and then stored in a more compact form in order to save the storage space. The information is ready for indexing once it is compacted. The two key components responsible for indexing or making the gathered data accessible to users are as follows: The information that is stored with the data: Here, a search engine can store the word and the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the Web page where the word was found. However, this result in limited use of the Web page as it will not inform the user if the word was used many times or only once The technique in which the information is indexed: Here, a search engine stores the number of times the word has appeared on the Web page rather than Page | 7

storing only the word and the URL. A particular word's value increases when it appears in the heading, sub heading or in the links. Considering this, a search engine assigns weight to every entry. Every search engine follows different formulas to allot weight to words in its index. Searching: It refers to the process of querying a search engine. A query should have at least a minimum of one word. You can also have complex queries. Complex queries are built using Boolean operators that help us to refine the search. Types of search engine : Crawler based search engines: In this type of search engines the spiders crawl through the Web and create a listing or index of words. Whenever a user enters a query or a keyword using a search engine, the word is searched for against these listings or index. The index consists of a copy of all the Web pages that is found by the spider. Whenever a change is made to any of the Web pages, the spider will update the changes in the index. This is possible as the spiders are always crawling through the Web pages on a regular basis. This also affects the way your Website is listed. We should also note that it takes some time when the spiders crawl through the Web pages and an index is created. Until then the Web page will not be found when you search for it using a search engine. Google and Yahoo use a crawler based search engines. Human powered directories: In this type of search engine there is a directory which gets information from short descriptions about the websites along with the address and title of the Web pages that are submitted by the webmasters. These submissions are later reviewed by the editors. The disadvantage of human powered directories is that it can take months to get your Website reviewed unless you take up a paid inclusion program. We should also note that when a user searches for a topic these directories look for only the descriptions that are submitted on the Website and not the entire content of the Web page. As such any change made to the Website does not affect its listing. The only advantage of this type of a search engine is that a Website which comprises good content could be reviewed for free when compared to a poor site. Earlier Yahoo! was a human powered directory. However, today it uses a crawler based search engine. Hybrid or mixed search engine: It is a combination or mixture of crawler based search engines and human powered directories. The basic idea behind a hybrid search engine is to provide the users with a combination of results including spidered results and directory results. Google and Yahoo are today using hybrid search engines. Q.6 List the benefits and drawbacks of Lamp stack. Ans : The benefits of LAMP stack are as follows: It is open source software package and thus can be got free of cost. This helps organisations to develop Web applications without spending hefty amounts for its licensing. Even though Microsoft offers the ASP (Active Server Pages) extensions free of cost, they charge you for their Operating System, database servers, and Integrated Development Environment (IDE). However, sometimes companies may Page | 8

have to pay for customer support for the open source products that they purchase from vendors. It can be installed on a wide range of platforms. We can use Windows instead of Linux if we are working on Windows platform, or use IIS instead of Apache Web server. This helps us to adapt to our companies current environments by utilising the existing infrastructure. It provides a greater support when compared to other commercially available software. This is because the components of LAMP stack are open source and thus we can find support from the actual developers who have worked on the project, and also from its community. It is possible for us to find various modules that can be reused. These modules are built by a community of developers who publish the modules developed by them. This saves time and results in rapid development of Web applications. It facilitates us with an efficient hardware support such as Linux that can run on almost all servers. This is possible as it facilitates the administrator with the choice of running only what is required to perform a particular job. It offers greater performance as we use Linux. When compared to Windows, Linux scales high in performance, memory management, and stability. It is possible for us to find constant updates and improvements for the LAMP stack. As you know, we can find developers and support communities that update new features and enhancements constantly. The drawbacks of LAMP stack are as follows: The main disadvantages of LAMP stack is in updating the applications. This is because, whenever you have a new version released, we have to follow the same procedure that is used in installing the applications, to update the changes. There could be confusion as to where the application is installed as the application files are not placed in the file system in a standard way. One more disadvantage is that it is difficult to find people who are good and qualified in developing Web applications on LAMP platform. Hence, organisations fear to switch to LAMP.

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