Hydraulic Fracturing Section 14

Example Treatments

14.
14.1

Example Treatments
Frac Job Flow Chart
Obtain Well data: Logs, DSTs, Mud Logs, Production History (if any), PVT Data, Completion Diagram, Previous Treatments

Use Frac Model Production Simulator

History Match Production Data

Establish Base Case Production

IN OFFICE

Input Speculative Fracture Geometry into Production Simulator

Run Production Simulation with Fracture

Optimum Fracture Geometry? Yes

No

Design Treatment for Optimum Fracture Geometry Using Fracture Simulator

Preliminary Treatment Schedule

SRT Schedule Minifrac Schedule

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Hydraulic Fracturing Section 14

Example Treatments

Mobilise Equipment, Materials and Personnel

Rig Up, Mix Fluids, Pressure Test

Pre-Job Safety Meeting

Pump Step Rate Test (Step Up and Step Down)

ON LOCATION

Real Time Data Modelling

Analyze SRT Data Fracture Extension Pressure, Near Wellbore Friction

Is NWF Significant? No

Yes

Pump Minifrac with Proppant Slugs

Pump Minifrac

Real Time Data Modelling

No

Pressure Rise due to Prop. Slugs?

Yes

Pump Proppant Slugs as per SPE 25892 2

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Example Treatments

Pressure Match Simulator Output to Minifrac Data E, , Klc, Cl,ll, lll Pnet, Pclosure, frac

Re-Design Treatment Final Treatment Design

Load Proppant & Additives. Mix Fluids

Pre-Job Safety Meeting

ON LOCATION

Pump Treatment

Real Time Data Modelling

No

Premature Screenout? Yes

Monitor Pressure until Fracture Closure

Shut in Well & Bleed Off Pressure

Wait for Fluid Samples to Break

ON LOCATION OR IN OFFICE

Flow Back Well

Rig Down

Analyze Treatment Data

Post-Job Report

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Example Treatments

14.2

Example Treatment Schedules

Whilst BJ Services is not at liberty to publish confidential data, the example treatments were actually pumped, and all of them produced significant production increases for our customers.

Tight Gas Fracturing

Stage 1 (Pad) 2 3 4 5 6 (Flush) Notes Fluid Type Linear XLink XLink XLink XLink Sl/Water Linear XLink Sl/Water Rate bpm 40 40 40 40 40 40 Clean Vol gals 20,000 20,000 40,000 40,000 100,000 8,300 Prop. Conc. ppa 0 1 2 3 4 0

= Linear gel (i.e. base gel with no crosslinker) = Crosslinked gel = Slick Water

Linear gel

35 ppt GW-27 20,000 gals (75.7 m3) total SpectraFrac G 3500 HT 200,000 gals (757 m3) total 15 ppt GW-27 8,300 gals (31.4 m3) total 20/40 CarboLite 600,000 lbs (272 tonnes) total 5,100 psi (352 bar, 35.2 MPa) +/- 5,000 HHP (3,730 kW)

Crosslinked gel

Slick Water

Proppant

Treating Pressure

Pumping Capacity

Frac and Pack

Stage 1 (Pad) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (Flush) Crosslinked gel Fluid Type XLink XLink XLink XLink XLink XLink XLink XLink Sl/Water Rate bpm 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Clean Vol gals 1,200 1,250 600 800 1,000 1,250 1,850 2,000 7,830 Prop. Conc. ppa 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 12 0

35 ppt Viking 1D 9,950 gals (37.6 m3) total

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Example Treatments

Slick Water

15 ppt GW-27 in CaCl2 brine 7,830 gals (29.6 m3) total 20/40 EconoProp 70,000 lbs (31.8 tonnes) total 6,300 psi (maximum) (434 bar, 43.4 MPa) +/- 2,300 HHP (1,716 kW)

Proppant

Treating Pressure

Pumping Capacity .

Skin Bypass Fracturing

Stage 1 (Pad) 2 3 4 5 (Flush) Fluid Type XLink XLink XLink XLink Sl/Water Rate bpm 8 8 8 8 8 Clean Vol gals 4,000 1,300 1,100 1,050 2,540 Prop. Conc. ppa 0 2 5 8 0

Crosslinked gel

SpectraFrac G 3500 HT 7,500 gals (28.4 m3) total 15 ppt GW-27 2,540 gals (9.6 m3) total 20/40 CarboLite 16,500 lbs (8.1 tonnes) total 900 psi (62.0 bar, 6.2 MPa) +/- 200 HHP (149 kW)

Slick Water

Proppant

Treating Pressure

Pumping Capacity

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