INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

Evolution of the Organization In India, the Posts & Telegraphs Department was originated in 1851 as small part of the Public Works Department. Dr. William O'Shanghunessy pioneered telegraph and telephone in India. A regular separate department was opened around 1854 when telegraph facilities were thrown open to the public. The major milestones of the organization are as shown below. History of Indian Telecommunications 185 1 188 1 188 3 192 3 193 2 194 7 198 5 198 6 199 7 199 9 200 0

First operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta Telephone service introduced in India Merger with the postal system Formation of Indian Radio Telegraph Company (IRT) Merger of ETC and IRT into the Indian Radio and Cable Communication Company (IRCC) Nationalization of all foreign telecommunication companies to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT Department of Telecommunications (DOT) established, an exclusive provider of domestic and long-distance service that would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system) Conversion of DOT into two wholly government-owned companies: the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) for international telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas Telecom Regulatory Authority of India created Cellular Services are launched in India. New National Telecom Policy is adopted DOT becomes a corporation, BSNL
Table 2.1 History of Indian Telecommunications

MOBILE TELEPHONY SERVICE IN INDIA -THEORETICAL APPROACH Mobile phones have become an essential and important device for communication in modern days. Mobile phone communication is a part of telecommunication, which comes in the form of oral communication. Mobile phone device are growing in popularly with the reduction in prices and improved functionality. Consumers prefer flexibility and veracity of mobile phone devices. Mobile phone facilities easy and faster means of communication and one can communicate with family members and friends and transact the business only where at reasonable cost. The Indian telecom sector is passing through dynamic transitional phase, as it is early undergoing the operation of market forces of demand and supply. The sovereignty of consumers is quite evident through their revealed preference in favor of economically rational decisions. With in the near future, a customer can be using his mobile phone not just to talk to someone, but to surf the net, to trade on the stock exchange, to serve him as a guide in strange city, and the possibilities are endless. Value added service like checking of bank account and sending messages through mobile phones are some of the facilities that have just been launched by the services provided in India. Mobile telephone is a device that enables one to receive and make calls whole on the more. In the other words, it is battery operated radio

which sends out signals to the nearest receiver and receives signals from the nearest transmitter. The mobile phone comes with LCD screen, which displays the number dialed by him, or the number of the caller Mobile Phone telephony is wireless system of communication. It uses a specific range of radio frequencies through a network of transmitter and receives. The entire coverage is divided into honey comb like cells, and that is why the services is called caller Cellular Technology is a two way communication process. An area is divided into a number of cells, each with RBS [Radio Base Station], having a transmitting a receiving tower. Today communication is pre requisite for progress in the rapidly changing environment, with the advancement of technology more and more changes are being brought about in the manner of communication. Through telephone, cellular, pager, e- mail, messages can reach one corner of the world to the almost immediately, which gives the sender satisfaction that the communicator is plugged in Indias fastest growing cellular service brings cellular telephony to the masses through innovative technology and strategy pricing. The telecom service has now become a basic human need. To seek, receive and import information have been treated as basic human rights. In the age of information, telecom service has become essential devices of human development. The economic logic behind all this activity is easy to understand. Just like ISPS. [Internet services provide] cant make money by providing a connection; mobile operators too cant do the same. So they will have to

make money from value added services. Increasingly, using mobile phones, mobile operators have to link with ISPs. Cellular phones play an increasingly important role in meeting world communication needs in the years to come. The quality of the work is based on its design. Its judged by three parameters, which affect the customers experience of the services, namely on the street coverage, in building coverage, blockage. Its name is derived from the fact that the service are a constitutes several cells, built like honey comb. The equipment in each cell is duplex transceiver and a set of antenna to send and receive signals to and from the cell site. The transmission medium is a group of radio frequencies. As and when the number of subscribers, increases and available channels in the existing cell cant handle the traffic they can be divided into smaller cells, thereby expanding capacity. Higher the subscriber density, the smaller and numerous the cells. All cellular phone companies the special software programme, when determining the location of cell sites in a city. In the four metros in India, 80% of the cell phones are business people. Providing good cellular phone services depends not on the number of cell sites but how they are placed. There are two schools of thoughts- a services provider could spread its cell sites on the periphery of a city and works its way inwards. Here the signals may not be very strong and consistent, resulting in drop influence echoes and poor performance.

Alternatively the service could start by focusing on the core areas of the city, concentrating cell sites on a limited section, and add on sites in outing areas in due course. This is a better choice; performance of those areas covered initially is very good, since the signal is strong and consistent. Cell sites are built in outlying areas in due course. The cell phones consist of four basic parts, a power sources, a hand set, a transceiver logic unit and an antenna. A cell site essentially consists of a Base Transceivers station [Bts]. Signals from mobile stations, in the cell phone is our hand are sent to the Base Stations Controller [BSC] and then onwards to the mobile searching centre [Msc] in the form of radio Frequency [RF] waves. The Msc locates the called party and makes the connection via, the BSc and the nearest BTs. In case of a land line, the Mnc interface with the public switched telephone network i.e., the telephone service run by dot. The Bts converts digital speech into radio frequency signals and vice versa. It consists of a tower and three or more antenna, amplifies the signal and communicates with the BSc. BSc is a network entity which handles functions related to the management and control of radio frequency station like channel assignment, cell processing, system performance measurement, and subscriber hand offs between BTSs to name a few BSc is the link between BTS and the MSC MSc consist of switching equipment that routes calls from the subscribers equipment to the called party and vice versa. Call processing operations, maintenance support and billing etc. are functions of MSC

The moment the mobile switches on the identity is automatically transmitted through the control channel to the MSC. Incoming calls to the mobile will be rooted by the MSC on a channel, which it assigns and then the micro processor in the mobile phone will be commended to pickup. The signal strength from the mobile transmitted is continuously measured by the adjacent cells also. By comparing these, the system gets know into which cell the mobile is moving. At the instance of cron over of the mobile from cells, C1 and C2, the mobile micro processor is ordered to switch over to another assigned radio channel belonging to cell C2. The process of channels change is called hand over and takes place in such a small fraction of time that the speaker doesnt it, these is no disconnection and there is no discontinuity of speech when the caller disconnects the channels are freed. The emerging role of a mobile phone can be viewed in below figure

Communication

Mobile phone

Information

Entertainment Fig. (Emerging role of a mobile phone) The most important characteristic of todays mobile phone is its innovative nature. Mobile phone or cell phones have reached every corner of

the world with the efficiency of a determined epidemic Mobiles have become indispensable to Doctors, Businessmen, Bureaucrats, Executives and journalists, among others. The mobile has act across economic barriers and is used by people of all income groups. Cellular phones play an increasingly important role in meeting world communication needs in the year to come. Within the near future, a customer can be using mobile phone not just to talk to someone, but to surf the net, to trade on the stock exchange, to serve him as a guide in the strange city. the possibilities are endless Value added service like checking of bank account and sending messages through mobile phones are some of the facilities that are also launched by the service provides in India.