Flood damaged vehicle repairs This is a guide to the type of repairs a flood affected vehicle is likely to require.

It also outlines the possible longer term effects inundation can have on a motor vehicle. It is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all vehicle components, rather it is intended to provide guidance about the most commonly affected parts. It is important to note that many vehicles that have been substantially inundated will be uneconomical to repair. As a guide, vehicles that have been immersed to a point where water has entered the interior are likely to fall into this category, though each case needs to be judged on its own merits. If water has reached or covered the dash, the vehicle will almost certainly be beyond economical repair. Be aware though that the full extent of damage and required repairs may only become evident over time. Salt water is very aggressive and causes much greater damage, has more long term implications than fresh water and is very much harder to deal with. However silt, mud and other material carried by fresh water can be difficult to remove and will increase repair difficulty and costs. Never attempt to start or drive a flooded vehicle until a thorough inspection and cleaning has been performed and any necessary repairs have been carried out. Before attempting to start or drive a flooded vehicle, always check for debris in the engine compartment and under body, even if the water doesnt appear to have been very high. Also be aware that animals, reptiles and insects may have taken refuge in vehicles. Silt and mud can also carry contaminants that can cause infection. Many of the checks listed below require an advanced level of mechanical understanding and may well be beyond the scope of a motorists DIY skills. As with any maintenance work on a vehicle, its important for your safety to only undertake work within your capabilities.

Determining if a vehicle can be salvaged Any vehicle can be repaired if enough time and money is spent on it. A realistic assessment of the vehicles value, condition and the likely cost of repairs therefore need to be carried out. However for many people, in the short term at least, a wet car that runs and is safe to drive will be better than no car at all. Start by checking oils for contamination. If you find that the levels appear very high i.e. engines, transmissions and diffs appear to be over-full, there is a fair chance that water has entered. This is because oil floats on water. Note also that there may be no obvious sign of water in the oils. If there is evidence that water has entered any of the vehicles components, the following information will guide you through the steps necessary to resolve the problem. Electrical components Starters, alternators, wiper, window and other motors will rarely work immediately after being submerged. Sometimes they will begin working after they have dried out, however dismantling and cleaning or replacement may be necessary. Electronic units and computers may be damaged by fresh water immersion however in some cases the components will operate satisfactorily after drying. Engine and power train control computers located in engine compartments are usually sealed and are therefore less likely to be damaged than those located in the passenger compartment. Salt water affected components are likely to be unrecoverable. Electrical connections are prone to corrosion after immersion. This may not produce immediate problems however longer term reliability issues may develop. If possible separate electrical connectors and spray with a good quality water dispersant to provide protection against corrosion. Repair of electrical equipment immersed in salt water may be impractical. Batteries Unless the battery is sealed its unlikely to survive being immersed. A replacement battery will most probably be required. Engines, transmissions and final drives The likelihood of damage to mechanical components depends on the type of water involved, the length of time submerged and how quickly the components were treated afterwards.

Engines that have been immersed in fresh water and treated quickly afterwards are likely to survive fairly well. Drain contaminated oil and replace. Its p robably also worth replacing the oil filter at this point. Remove spark plugs and turn engine by hand to remove any water from cylinders.. Check manifolds, air cleaners and ducting for water and drain if necessary before attempting to start the engine. For engines with timing belts check to ensure silt, debris and animals / reptiles havent found their way inside timing belt covers. This could derail a timing belt and cause extensive engine damage. Reassemble, start and run the engine as soon as possible to assist in the drying out process. Warning: Attend to the transmission before starting the engine. When checking oil levels and contamination with the engines dipstick be aware that oil floats on water. Very over-full readings indicate the possibility of water contamination, even if there is no evidence of water on the dip stick. Salt water affected engines are unlikely to be salvageable. Clean mud and silt from mechanical components by hosing. High pressure water blasters are effective for this purpose however they should not be used to clean radiators, air conditioning condensers or other fragile components.

Manual transmissions Drain contaminated oil and refill as soon as possible. Manual gearboxes immersed in salt water may not be salvageable. Warning: Do not start the engine before attending to the transmission. Automatic transmissions Water causes de-lamination of clutch plates and bands. This may not be evident immediately, however flooded automatic transmissions are likely to require overhaul. The timeframe will depend on the amount of water, the extent of the exposure and the type of water involved. When checking oil levels and contamination with the transmissions dipstick be aware that oil floats on water. Very over-full readings can indicate the possibility of water contamination, even if there is no evidence of water on the dip stick. Note that some automatic transmissions have a filler plug in the side of the transmission rather than a dip stick. It could be very much harder to check these for water contamination. Warning: Do not start the engine before attending to the transmission. Clutches Clutches can become rusted onto flywheels after being wet. The clutch pedal operation will feel normal but you will not be able to select or change gears with the engine running. Bringing the engine to full operating temperature will sometimes free the clutch. However if it refuses to release you should seek professional assistance. Final drives Remove filler plugs and check for the presence of water. An overfull diff could be an indication of water contamination. Drain and refill with correct oil. Differentials immersed in salt water may not be salvageable. Wheel bearings Water entry into wheel bearings will severely shorten their lives. Some wheel bearings are sealed and therefore cannot be cleaned and dried. Serviceable wheel bearings should be cleaned, inspected and repacked with appropriate grease. Replace hub seals as well as these are probably the cause of water entry.

Steering systems Drain and refill power steering systems if contaminated. Fuel systems Water in fuel will damage in-tank pumps so no attempt should be made to start a vehicle until you can verify that there is no water in the tank. If water is present drain and replace the fuel. Avoid ethanol fuels where water may be present as only a small amount of water is needed to cause the ethanol to drop out of suspension. Diesel fuel systems are very sensitive to water contamination so extra care is needed to ensure there is no water in the system. Check water traps (if fitted) regularly. It would be wise to replace fuel filters in both petrol and diesel powered vehicles. Check air cleaners, duct work and manifolds for water and drain if necessary. Dry air cleaner elements or replace if contaminated with mud or silt. Brake systems Brake fluid is hygroscopic, meaning that it absorbs moisture. Water contaminated brake fluid has a low boiling point which can cause rapid and unexpected loss of brakes under normal operating conditions. Water contaminated brake fluid will also increase the risk of internal corrosion. Brake fluid must be flushed and replaced after any level of immersion. Surface rust may form on brake discs and drums. However this is not generally a serious problem and will be worn off during the first few applications of the brakes. Brake linings / pads may rust onto drums / discs if the hand brake was applied during the immersion. This will feel like the hand brake is jammed on, though in most cases it will free itself once the vehicle is driven. If it will not free itself, dismantling will be required. Body structure Clean mud and silt from the body as far as possible. Ensure body drain holes are clear to allow any water trapped inside panels to escape. Be aware that water immersion may result in long term rust problems. Interior fittings and trims It may be necessary to remove seats, carpets and trims to facilitate proper cleaning and drying. Dry the interior by opening doors and allowing air circulation to evaporate the water.

Note that many pressed metal components used inside vehicle cabins are not painted nor have only thin protective coatings. This is particularly true of seat and under dash components. These may begin to rust after exposure to water. A protective spray of water dispersant may help, though many of these components will be difficult to access. The wet smell may be almost impossible to totally remove from the vehicles interior, even after cleaning. Safety systems Safety systems such as airbags and seat belt pre-tensioners may be adversely affected by water immersion. Before the vehicle is put back into service it is strongly recommended that such systems be checked and tested by a mechanic with the right test equipment. This will usually mean a visit to the dealer for the make involved. Seat belt latches and retractors may not operate after immersion. Seat belts will need to be replaced as they are not repairable. Also be aware that dirt in the webbing of seatbelts can eventually weaken the webbing. These comments apply equally to child restraints. Lighting systems Check operation of all lights before using the vehicle. It may be necessary to clean water, dirt and mud from inside light assemblies.