TTAADC

. According to the chronicle of Tripura, Rajratnakaram written in Sanskrit by Sukerswar and Vaneswar and Rajmala written in Bengali by Kailash Chandra Singha and Kali Prasanna Sen it is narrated the ancient history of Tripura. It is also mentioned that during the Mahabharata period, the social and cultural relation between Aryan-Tripuri/Borok took place. Stories of Koch, Devayani, Hirimba and other indicate these relation. It is opined by historian that the character of Siva or Mahadev is known as Subrai among the Tripuri/Borok and Sukracharya represent the Tripuri/Borok king as well as Borok/Boro group of people. They are narrated as Kiratas in Mahabharata while Dr. Suniti Kumar Chartterjee called them the Indo-Mongoloids. Mr. B.N. Bordoloi quoted in his book, Tribes of Assam, PartI that Mongoloids were described to be Kiratas in the Mahabharata and other Hindu scripture like Kalika Purana and Yogini Tantra. The Kokborok speaking Tripuri/Borok people are the branch of the Boro people belongs to Sino-Tibetan linguistic group, racially Mongoloids. The Tripura word express geographical area where the indigenous inhabitants are living called themselves Borok which comes from Boro or Bodo ethnic group of people. The Boro or Bodo comes from Bod, the ancient name of Tibet. In this contest, it may be quoted from Mr. Buchman Hamilton, Perhaps the word Bod may relates with Tibetan word Bod. It may be further mentioned the contents of Mr. Endle, It is worth considering whether the Bodo may not be related with old name of Tibet Bod. The language of Bodo ethnic community belongs to Tibeto-Burman linguistic family indeed. In the seventh centuries, the Chinese pilgrim Hiu-En-Tsang visited eastern zone of India sub-continent. He wrote in his traveling note U-Ka-Si that there was a big kingdom having rich culture and highly developed language of the Boro people. Mr. Marko polo and Dr. B. K. Baruah has certified in his book, A Cultural History of Assam (Early Period) to Bodo people as Tibeto-Burman linguistic group.

Therefore, the indigenous people of Tripura are racially known as Borok or Boro or Bodo and they are also known as Tripuri according to the geographical identity. Regent Kanchan Prava Devi the widow of late Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur Debbarma of Tripura, she signed the Merger Agreement with Indian Union in October 15, 1949. The then under age prince Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahahur Debbarma is alive as symbol of Tripuri/Borok dynasty at present.

People Tripura has rich cultural heritage of 19 different tribal communities. These communities are - Tripura/Tripuri, Riang, Jamatia, Noatia, Uchai, Chakma, Mog, Lushai, Kuki, Halam, Munda, Kaur, Orang, Santal, Bhil, Bhutia, Chaimal, Garo, Khasia, and Lepcha. Each community has its own unique culture including their own dance forms which are famous in the country. Long and intimate association of Poet Rabindranath Tagore with Tripura has added luster to the rich cultural heritage of the state. The state has produced the famous musicians Sachin Dev Barman and Rahul Dev Barman. Folk Dances The main folk dances are Hozagiri dance of Reang community, Garia, Jhum, Maimita, Masak Sumani and Lebang Boomani dances of Tripuri community, Bizu dance of Chakma community, Cheraw and Welcome dances of Lushai community, Hai- Hak dance of Malsum community, Wangla dance of Garo Community, Sangraiaka, Chimithang, Padisha and abhangma dances of Mog community, Garia dances of Kalai and Jamatia communities etc. Each community has its own traditional musical instruments. The important musical instruments are' Khamb( Drum)', Bamboo flute, 'Lebang,', 'Sarinda', 'Do- Tara', and 'Khengrong', etc. Tripuri Community The Tripuris constitute the largest section of the entire tribal community, representing more than 50% of the total tribal population of the State. The Tripuris live on the slopes of hills in a group of five to fifty families. Their houses in these areas are built of bamboo and raised five to six feet height to save themselves from the dangers of the wild animals. Nowadays a considerable section of this community is living in the plains, constructing houses like the plains' people, adopting their methods of cultivation and following them in other aspects of day to day life.

People Tripuri women wear a dress called Pachra, which reaches down just below the knee. They weave in their loin-loom a small piece of cloth, which they call 'Risha', and they wear this piece of cloth on upper portion of their body. Garia and Lebang Boomani are the two main dances of Tripuri tribes.. Garia Dance The life and culture of Tripuris revolve around Jhum(shifting) cultivation. When the sowing of seeds at a plot of land selected for Jhum is over by middle of April, they pray to the God 'Garia' for a happy harvest. The celebrations attached to the Garia Puja

continue for seven days when they seek to entertain their beloved deity with song and dance. Lebang Boomani Dance After the Garia festival is over, the Tripuris have time to relax awaiting the monsoon. During this period, hordes of charming colorful insects called 'Lebang' visit hill slopes in search of seeds sown there. The annual visit of the insects encourages the tribal youths to indulge in merry-making. While the men-folk make a peculiar rhythmic sound with the help of two bamboo chips in their hand, the women folk run tottering the hill slopes to catch hold of these insects called 'Lebang'. The rhythm of the sound made by the bamboo chips attracts the insects from their hiding places and the women in-groups catch them. With the change of time jhuming on hill slopes is gradually diminishing, but the cultural life that developed centering round the jhum has deep roots in the society. It still exists in the state's hills and dales as a reminiscence of the life, which the tribals of today cherish in memory, and preserve as treasure. In both the dances Tripuris use the musical instruments like Khamb mad e of Bamboo, Flute, Sarinda, Lebang made of bamboo and bamboo cymbal. Tripuri women generally put on indigenous ornaments like chain made of silver with coin, bangles made of silver, ear and nose rings made of bronze etc. They prefer flowers as ornaments

THE POWERS OF DISTRICT COUNCIL

Under the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council is vested with two types of Powers. These are

Legislative Power Executive Power.

THE LEGISLATIVE POWER

The Legislative Department of the District Council is headed by the Chairman who summons the meeting of the Council time to time in connection with approval of budget, discussion on bills, rules and regulations submitted by the treasury bench and passing of the same thereof.

The Council consists of 30 members out of which 28 members are elected by adult franchise and 2 members are nominated by the Governor of Tripura.

The Chairman has his own Secretariat headed by the Secretary to the District Council.

THE EXECUTIVE POWER

The Executive Powers are vested with the Executive Committee which is headed by the Chief Executive Member who is elected from among the Treasury Bench members.

The Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India provides ample powers to the District Council for self-governance of the tribal population of the state. The District Council has its own powers to appoint its own staff in terms of requirement and appointment rules. The council administration is headed by the Chief Executive Officer who is normally an IAS Officer and assisted by an Additional Chief Executive Officer and a Deputy Chief Executive Officer of TCS Grade I and 6 Executive Officers, such as, Administration, Finance, Rural Development, Planning, Development and Coordination etc.

There are different departments headed by a Principal Officer as the departmental head . The departments are 1. Agriculture, 2. Animal Husbandry, 3. BADP 4. Co-operation 5. Education (School & Social Education), 6. Fisheries 7. Forest, 8. Health and Family Welfare, 9. Industry, 10.Kokborok, Indigenous Languages Research 11.Land Records and Settlement, 12. Law, 13. TCP & YP 14. Tribal Welfare 15. Village Committee etc. The Public Works Department is manned by the Superintending Engineer.

There are 5(five Zonal Development Offices along with 37 Sub-Zonal Development Offices are existence for looking after the development works of Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council areas. There are also Zonal Advisory Committee having one Chairman and other eight Members of the Committee in each zone. The Zonal Development Offices and Sub-Zonal Offices are as follows :

Sl. No. Name of Zone 1. West Zone 2. South Zone 3. Gandacharra Zone 4. North Zone 5. Dhalai Zone

Headquarter Khumulwng, West Tripura Birchandra Manu, South Tripura Gandacharra, Dhalai Tripura Machmara, North Tripura Manughat, Dhalai Tripura

37(Thirty even) numbers Sub-Zonal Development Offices are follows :

1. Khumulwng 4. Mugiakami 7. Bishramganj 10. Mohanbhog 13. East Pilak 16. Silachari 19. Chechua 22. Raisyabari 25. Dumacharra 28. Anandabazar 31. Noagang 34. Chaumanu

2. Mandai 5. Uatloktwithu 8. Takarjala 11. East Manu 14. Kaladepa 17. Chelagangmukh 20. Killa 23. Gonganagar 26. Maharani 29. Vangmun 32. Machmara 35. 82 Miles

3. Baijalbari 6. M.C.Para 9. Bachaibari 12. Garjee 15. Manubankul 18. Dalak 21. Gandacharra 24. Sikaribari 27. Damcharra 30. Kanchanpur 33. Kumarghat 36. Manughat

37. Joyganti (Rajkandi)

The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council Headquarter is situated in 23 kms from Agartala, the state capital of Tripura and the 3 kms south far from the 44 National Highway. The name of the TTAADC headquarter is Khumulwng which was shifted from Agartala on August 23,1992 having a picture shake for the ideal tourist spot.

The development programme of the Council is presently implemented by the 5 Zonal Development Offices and 37 Sub-Zonal Development Offices within the TTAADC areas. The development programme of the Council is presently implemented by the
5 Zonal Development Offices and 37 Sub-Zonal Development Offices within the TTAADC areas.

ADMINISTRATIVE A) The following matters are under the exclusive control and administration of the council : 1. Allotment, occupation, use or using apart of land other than reserved forests ; 2. Management of forests not being reserved forest ; 3. Use of canal water & water course for agriculture ; 4. Jhum ; 5. Village Committee or council ; 6. Any other matter relating to administration including public health and sanitation.

B)

The Council may establish or manage : 1. Primary schools ; 2. Dispensaries ; 3. Markets ; 4. Cattle pounds ; 5. Fisheries ; 6. Ferries ; 7. Roads ; 8. Road transport and waterways.

C) The Government may entrust functions relating to the following matters to the Council : 1. Agriculture ; 2. Animal Resource Development ; 3. Community Projects ; 4. Co-operative Societies ; 5. Social Welfare ; 6. Village Planning ; 7. Fisheries ; 8. Plantations ; 9. Any other matter to which the executive power of the state extends. LEGAL

A) The Council has Powers to frame laws in the following matters with the approval of Governor : 1. Inheritance of property of schedule tribes ; 2. Marriage and divorce where any party belongs to a schedule tribes ; 3. Social customs of schedule tribes ; 4. Allotment, occupation, use or setting apart of all lands other than reserve forests ; 5. Management of forest other than reserve forest ; 6. Use of canal or water courses for purposes of agriculture ; 7. Jhum ; 8. Village Committees or Council ; 9. Any other matter relating to administration including public health and sanitation; B) The Council may regulate and control : 1. Money lending ; 2. Trade. C) The Council may, with previous approval of the Government make regulation for administration and control of : 1. Primary schools ; 2. Dispensaries ; 3. Markets ; 4. Cattle Pounds ; 5. Ferries ; 6. Fisheries ; 7. Roads ; 8. Road transport and waterways.

FINANCIAL A) The Council shall get a share of : 1. Forest royalties ; 2. Royalties accruing each year from licensing or lease for the purpose of projecting for, or the extraction of minerals granted by the state government. B) The Council shall have the powers to levy and collect the faxes : 1. For maintenance of schools, dispensaries or roads ; 2. On entry of goods into markets and tolls on passengers and goods carried in ferries ; 3. On animals, vehicles and boats : 4. On professional trades, callings and employments.

DEPARTMENTS FUNCTIONING UNDER TTAADC

There are 18 (eighteen) department functioning in Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council looking after various development activities. AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Finance Department.
FISHERIES DEPARTMENT Planning and Statistic FOREST DEPARTMENT

HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT LAND RECORD AND SETTLEMENT LAW DEPARTMENT PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT Sports & Youth Programme TRIBAL CULTURE, PUBLICITY & YOUTH PROGRAMME TRIBAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT VILLAGE COMMITTEE DEPARTMENT

Act & Rules

TTAADC Stall (Allotment) Rules, 1992 Tripura District Council Trading (Licensing and Control) Regulations, 1989 TTAADC Administration Rules, 1988 TTAADC (Establishment, Management and Control of Market) Regulations, 1987 TTAADC Village Committee (Administration) Rules, 2006 TTAADC Village Committee (Conduct Election) Rules, 2006 TTAADC Village Committee ( Election of Office Bearers) Rules, 2006 TTAADC Village Committee (Delimitation of Constituencies) Rules, 1994 TTAADC Village Committee (Preparation of Electoral Roll) Rules, 1996 TTAADC Village Committee Establishment of VC Act.1994

INFORMATION OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF TTAADC

PLANNING & STATISTICS Agriculture Horticulture ARDD Forest Co-operative Fishery Industry Education

Education (Social) Health Village Committee ICA&T Sports & Youths Programme

PLANNING & STATISTICS

AT A GLANCE

TTAADC was setup under SEVENTH SCHEDULED: January 1982 TTAADC was setup under SIXTH SCHEDULED: 1st April 1985 3rd AREA of TTAADC of state area) Total Population of TTAADC Total No. of Village Committee : 7132.56 sq. km (2nd / : 12, 16,465 : 527

Administrative structure
Administration of TTAADC and its subordinate offices are managed from its headquarters in Khumulwng, West Tripura. The council is headed by its Chairman who is chosen by the elected members of the council. Executive functions of TTAADC are managed by the Chief Executive member who is supported by 9 more executive members. Chief Executive Officer, TTAADC is responsible for day to day administrative functions who is further supported by Addl CEO, Dy CEO and a number of Principal Officers and Executive Officers. At grassroots level, there are 527 Village councils functioning as primary units as institutions of local self governance similar to Gram Panchayats in Non- ADC areas.

For administrative supervision, the TTAADC has following field offices as indicated in Table
Sl.No. 1 Institution Zonal Development Office Sub Zonal Development Office Numbers 04

32

Engineering Division 04 Office Engineering SubDivision School Inspectorate Office Circle Office of Education 17

17

65

Inspectorate of Social 04 Education Education Sector Offices Village Councils 34 527

8 9

The organogram of TTAADC may be seen below: