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The Government is also strengthening the protection of the public with other
measures in the Criminal Justice Bill. They include new sentences for
dangerous offenders to prevent their release if they continue to be dangerous.
Additionally, the Sexual Offences Bill will tighten up sex offender registration,
introduce a new offence of ‘grooming’, and enable sex offender orders to be
imposed on violent offenders who pose a risk of causing serious sexual harm
– thereby extending sex offender registration to them.
I commend this report to you and congratulate all the agencies and individuals
who have contributed to the achievement of the MAPPA locally in your local
area.
Paul Goggins
The National Picture
This section of the report draws attention to wider context of the operation and
development of the Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (the
MAPPA).
The most important work undertaken within the MAPPA is done locally, led by
the police and probation – who act jointly as the ‘Responsible Authority’ in
your Area – and in each of the 42 Areas of England and Wales. The
experience and good practice upon which this work is based began in the
1990s – most significantly as a result of the closer working relationship
required by the Sex Offender Act (1997). The Criminal Justice and Courts
Services Act (2000) formalised that relationship and built on the existing
experience by requiring the police and probation services to establish
arrangements (the MAPPA) for assessing and managing the risks posed by
sexual and violent offenders. The Act also required the Responsible Authority
to publish an annual report on the operation of those arrangements. This
report, covering April 2002 to March 2003, is the second annual report.
Key to the development of the MAPPA in the past year has been the closer
involvement of other agencies, such as housing, health and social services,
working alongside police and probation. The truly multi-agency nature of the
MAPPA and the collaboration which underpins it is to be strengthened further
by the Criminal Justice Bill. The Bill will place a ‘duty to co-operate’ on a wide
range of organisations including local health authorities and trusts; housing
authorities and registered social landlords; social services departments;
Jobcentres; Youth Offending Teams; and local education authorities. In
addition, the Prison Service will join the police and probation services and
become part of the MAPPA ‘Responsible Authority’.
MAPPA developments in the next 18 months will also include the appointment
by the Home Secretary of two ‘lay advisers’ to each Area. The eight Areas of
England and Wales which have been piloting these arrangements since
January (Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Durham, South Wales, Dorset,
Hampshire, Surrey and West Midlands) report that they add real value. Lay
advisers will contribute to the review and monitoring of the MAPPA which is
undertaken by each Area’s Strategic Management Board – the work of which
you can read more in this report.
MAPPA Offenders
This year the annual report provides a more detailed breakdown of the
number of sexual and violent offenders who are covered by the MAPPA in
your Area. As last year, the figures include the number of registered sex
offenders. Because sex offender registration is for a minimum of 5 years (and
generally for much longer) the figures are cumulative. This is why they have
increased – by 16 per cent in England and Wales. Only a very small
proportion (about six per cent throughout England and Wales) are considered
to pose such a high risk or management difficulty that they are referred to the
highest level of the MAPPA – the Multi-Agency Public Protection Panels (the
MAPPP).
Figures alone do not, of course, tell the whole story. The anonymised case
studies illustrate the practical work of the MAPPA, and demonstrate the
preventive action which can be taken. Prior to the MAPPA, action of this kind
was mainly taken by one agency alone, with the effect that on occasion
offenders’ behaviour which might have triggered preventative action went
unnoticed. The multi-agency approach of the MAPPA helps ensure that if an
offender does breach the condition of the licence under which they were
released from prison or a court order prohibiting certain activities, then action
to enforce the condition or order and protect the public can be taken more
swiftly.
If you are interested in reading the reports of other Areas, they will be
published on the National Probation Service’s website
www.probation.homeoffice.gov.uk (under the public protection section) with all
of them being available once the last Area has published its annual report in
September.
1.Area Summary
The Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000, sections 67 and 68
requires police and probation services to make arrangements for the
identification and oversight of sexual and other dangerous offenders within
their areas and to work in collaboration with other relevant organisations to
achieve this.
A tool called OASys introduced into the Probation Service in the past year
and newly introduced into the Prison Service enables a judgement to be
made about the level of risk of harm through a process of structured
questioning. The MAPPA is concerned with those judged to be at high or
very high risk of causing serious harm at any time whether imminent or longer
term.
The other method of assessment, Risk Matrix 2000, is used by both police
and probation. It is simpler and actuarially based. It points to the likelihood of
reconviction within a two year period.
These tools, together with Asset for offenders under 18 determine the
threshold for admission to the MAPP system. They will be supplemented by
other forms of assessment such as that provided by psychologists. During
the coming year, the MAPP will consider the introduction of a tool for
measuring psychopathy.
These plans have as their primary focus the desire to minimise the likelihood
of further offending and thereby to protect victims and potential victims.
Many of the offenders with whom the MAPP is concerned will have spent a
period in custody. Planning for release is critical and is based on the bringing
together of information about the person’s offence details and circumstances,
their contacts, attitudes and behaviour whilst in custody, and information
about potential victims. Although the majority will serve all or part of their
sentence in prisons in this area, others will be located around the country. It
is hoped that a prison officer will be appointed to the public protection team.
CASE STUDY 1
Background:
Previous prison sentence for possession and distribution of indecent
photographs of children
Indecent assault on male under 16 and indecent photographs of males
under 16
Risk Assessment:
Medium risk of causing significant harm to children
High risk of sex offending
Outcome:
Received a warning for aggressive and abusive behaviour towards female
Probation Officers working with him
Instructed to withdraw from Video Course he was attending, given that
past behaviour had involved use of video
Sought permission from Probation Officer to attend 3 day residential
course in connection with adult education; Probation Officer investigated
and found other course members were 16 years of age
Licence revoked and returned to prison
2. Roles and Responsiblities
The Police to enable them to break the pattern
The Avon and Somerset of offending. Housing
Constabulary is committed to Local Authorities and Registered
working with partner agencies in The Probation Service runs hostels Social Landlords (Housing
order to fulfil its primary objective the where offenders can be kept under Associations) provide large numbers
Prevention and Detection of Crime. close scrutiny and where those of rented properties in the area and
offenders who want it can take manage the tenancies involved.
This principle is clearly demonstrated advantage of support towards a Their role in the MAPP is to assist in
with our commitment to the Multi- crime-free life. It provides individual public protection by ensuring that as
Agency Public Protection supervision and it provides far as possible appropriate
Arrangements that are in place to groupwork programmes which accommodation is provided to
Risk Assess and Manage Potentially research suggests to have serious offenders and to contribute
Dangerous Offenders within our successful outcomes. to the management of the risks
Force area. posed by these individuals. For
The Probation Service takes example, a housing provider will
In addition to Officers already seriously its authority to return to know the location and availability of
dedicated to the protection of the court or to prison any offender who its stock and be able to ensure that a
public from Potentially Dangerous does not co-operate with the terms sex offender is not housed in the
Offenders, such as Child Protection of their supervision or licence. immediate vicinity of potential
Teams and Domestic Violence Units, Contact with victims enables victims victims.
the Police have set aside a to take steps to protect themselves
designated team, The Dangerous and be supported and also allows Local Authorities in particular have a
Offenders Unit, to liase with our the controls placed on an offender to statutory duty towards homeless
colleagues in Probation, The Prison be specific to the circumstances of people (including those being
service, Social Services, Mental each situation. released from custody) and can play
Health, Housing Departments and a vital role in ensuring that MARCs
other agencies. The Prison Service are able to construct effective risk
The Prison Service serves the public management plans.
The Police role within these Multi- by keeping in custody those
Agency arrangements includes the committed by the courts. Our duty is In Avon and Somerset, 118 social
Management in the Community of to look after them with humanity and housing providers manage in the
Registered Sex Offenders and other help them lead law abiding and region of 100,000 properties. The
Offenders classified as Dangerous useful lives in custody and after biggest task facing the MAPP
by the Criminal Justice and Court release. The Prison Service protects Strategic Group is to ensure that all
Services Act 2000. The the public by holding those these providers understand their role
Management process includes visits committed by the courts in a safe, and have suitable internal
to offender’s homes, risk decent and healthy environment. We arrangements to be able to
assessments, action plans and aim to reduce crime by providing cooperate in this vital work. We
monitoring, any change in risk can constructive regimes, which address have contacted all the providers and
then be acted upon as appropriate. offending behaviour, improve drafted guidance for them. We are
Management of Potentially educational and work skills and now arranging seminars for
Dangerous Offenders is an ongoing promote law-abiding behaviour in members of their staff to ensure a
process with the overriding objective custody and after release. common understanding and to begin
being reduction in risk of serious the internal work that will be needed
harm to the general population of the Social Services in many organisations to enable
Avon and Somerset area. Social Services have a statutory duty them to play a bigger role in the
to provide for the protection of public protection arrangements.
The Probation Service children and vulnerable adults. In
The aims of the Probation Service Avon and Somerset they are
are to reduce reoffending and to organised into five authorities. Their
protect victims and potential victims. representatives contribute to the Mental Health
It does this through assessment, multi-agency assessment and AWP provide statutory mental health
supervision and control of offenders management process on those services across the areas of
and through its direct contact with offenders in whom they have a Wiltshire, Swindon and the Avon
victims. Its assessments contribute related interest, attending Multi- area, i.e. Bristol, Bath and North
to decisions about sentencing and Agency Risk Conferences (MARC), East Somerset, North Somerset and
release from prison and influence providing written and verbal reports South Gloucestershire Councils.
the level of control placed on where appropriate and working
offenders and the type of closely with all relevant agencies in AWP provide services across a wide
intervention which is made available the implementation of supervision spectrum. We work alongside GPs
plans. offering advice and support to GPs
and their staff to work with people by individuals to themselves, their be managed within a corporate
experiencing mental health distress. carers and to the public at large. strategy. Youth Offending Teams are
We also work alongside and in Where necessary information will be obviously skilled and adept at
partnership with social services provided to other agencies within a dealing with all issues regarding
provided by local councils to support MARC. young people who offend and we
people in the community. Finally we have a vital contribution to make to
offer inpatient units for those who YOT risk management.
require hospitalisation. Alongside YOT’s were set up under the Crime
our inpatient services provided right and Disrorder Act 1998 to provide It would be useful within the
across the old Avon area we also statutory youth justice services to all MAPP/MARC process if Asset was
provide a range of specialised units, 10-17 year olds. welcomed as a standard
which include the medium secure assessment tool in the same manner
unit based at Blackberry Hill Hospital All young people who are referred to that OASYS has been. YOT’s are
in Bristol. This unit broadly covers the Youth Offending Team are developing their risk assessment
people living in Avon, Somerset, assessed using the Youth Justice policy and skills to adhere to Mental
Wiltshire and Gloucestershire and Board assessment tool, Asset. Asset health and Probation frameworks
suffering from mental illness some of has a section on risk assessment which staff have experience using
whom will have offended. which highlights any pertinent issues from their own professional
and the need to undertake the next backgrounds. With a small
AWP is committed to working in the Asset assessment stage on Risk of population of high risk young people
partnership setting of MAPPPS that Serious Harm. Cases with risk on our caseload, we welcome any
covers Avon and Somerset as well issues would then be discussed with contributions we can make to a
as being a participant in similar the Practice Manager and decisions wider forum to help reduce the risk
arrangements for Wiltshire. AWP then are taken about whether to of harm and future re-offending by
also attend MARCs when raise concerns within a Multi-Agency young people.
appropriate. The number of cases framework further to our standard
considered by MARCs that require information sharing with other lead The Youth Justice Board is shortly to
our input will be a comparatively agencies. In these decisions we are issue guidance about the
small part of the workload of the very much guided by the involvement of YOT’s in MARCs.
MARCs. For the cases where we assessment of risk of harm to the
are involved AWP make a careful public and whether a young person
assessment of the risks presented to is presenting a risk which needs to
CASE STUDY 2
Background:
Conviction for murder of 3 year old girl
Given Hospital Order and spent 30 years in secure mental institutions
Released, against psychiatric advice, by a tribunal without being subject to any conditions
Risk Assessment:
His risk was assessed as high by his psychiatric care staff, they considered he posed a considerable risk to women
and children.
Risk Assessed on Risk Matrix 2000 as a high Risk of reoffending
Outcome:
He stayed on release with an acquaintance he met in Hospital.
He did allow Police and Social Services to visit him and was compliant with requests about his behaviour.
He became friendly with a family with a young daughter.
The Police disclosed to the family about his background.
Anonymous letters were received by other residents in the area identifying him as a paedophile
He was moved to suitable alternative accommodation
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Operations
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5. Victim Work
Work with the direct victims of relationship. The victims are developments in the offender’s
serious offenders in parallel with the therefore often in a position to sentence, will be invited to express
controls and interventions used with provide detailed information which their views on release plans and be
the offender can also contribute can contribute to the prevention of told of any relevant conditions of
greatly to victim safety and the further offending. Their views about release. During the period January
reduction in serious offending. what is required in order to enable to December 2002, 374 new victims
Whilst not within the control of the them to feel safe when the offender were offered contact in line with the
MAPP strategic group, initiatives to is released are also significant. Victims’ Charter. This is in addition
support the victims of domestic to the on-going service offered to
violence are welcomed by it. The Probation Service has a duty to people who became victims prior to
contact the victims of all offenders this period.
The role of victims in MAPP planning sentenced to one year or more in
is vital. Research suggests that as custody for a sexual or violent
much as 80% of sexual offending offence. They will offer the chance
takes place in the context of a known to be kept informed about the
CASE STUDY 3
Background:
2 young children were sexually abused by the offender.
One (“Victim A”) was a neighbour’s child who was 10 years old when the abuse began and this lasted until he was
17 years old.
The second victim (“Victim B”) was the niece of the offender.
Victims A and B were offered contact under the terms of the Victims Charter.
Victim A wanted contact.
Victim B initially wanted contact but later declined before a meeting could be arranged.
Offender came from family who were known to Social Services. Offender’s father was a convicted sexual abuser
and there was a large extended family and numerous young children.
Risk Assessment:
After meeting with Victim A, it became clear that there was a risk from the victim to the offender. Victim very angry
and threatening to harm offender upon release.
Risk to offender from victim’s father, who had contacts in criminal justice agencies.
Risk to Victim B, who it was felt was being coerced by family members to not have contact with Victim Team.
Victim A did not want offender to know of his involvement.
Victim A’s Social Worker had concerns about victim’s safety and offenders safety.
Outcome:
Offender release plans included requested licence conditions
Offender release plans changed to avoid probation hostel known to father of Victim A
Police liaison officer to be aware of release in order to support Victim A if he began to “act out” after release.
Community Mental Health team engaged with Victim A for additional support
6. Statistical Information No. of Offenders
ii. The number of sex offenders having a registration requirement who were either 8
cautioned or convicted for breaches of the requirement, between 1 April 2002
and 31 March 2003
iii. The number of Sex Offenders Orders applied for and gained between 1 April
2002 and 31 March 2003
iv. The number of Restraining Orders issued by the courts between 1 April 2002 1
and 31 March 2003 for offenders currently managed within MAPPA
v. The number of violent and other sexual offenders considered under MAPPA 5
during the year 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2003 (as defined by section 68 [3],
[4] and [5])
vi. The number of "other offenders" dealt with under MAPPA during the year 1 0
April 2002 and 31 March 2003 as being assessed by the Responsible Authority
as posing a risk of serious harm to the public (but who did not fall within either
of the other two categories, as defined by s.67 [2b])
vii. For each of the three categories of offenders covered by the MAPPA
("registered sex offenders", "violent and other sex offenders" and "other
offenders"), identify the number of offenders that are or have been dealt with
by:
01275 816630
Trevor Simpson Police HQ
Detective Superintendent PO Box 37
trevor.simpson@avonandsomerset.police.uk Valley Road
Portishead
Bristol BS20 8QJ