INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN

SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND ENGINEERING MOVING FROM THE CLIFF TO THE SWAMP DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING DESIGN A MODEL OF THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS DESIGN DRIVERS PROJECT SCOPING

OBJECTIVES
To stimulate creative and inventive solutions to problems. To ensure consideration for each of the elements necessary for successful design. To ensure that all consequences of the application of the designed device or process throughout its lifetime is examined. Do not assume that you have the best answer just because you have an answer that appears feasible.

DEFINITION OF DESIGN
Engineering Design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-making process (often iterative), in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective. Among the fundamental elements of the design process are the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing, and evaluation.
ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ABET), USA

SCIENCE, MATH AND ENGINEERING

The problems are well posed in a very compact form The solutions to each problem are unique and compact These problems have a readily identiable closure These problems require application of very specialized areas of knowledge Analytical skills are required in most engineering design situations Most engineering design problems are poorly-posed, so not have a unique solution and require integration from several subject areas. Recipe for a successful design engineer: appreciate the less precise nature of engineering design

ENGINEERING SCIENCE

Typical Engineering Student with Science and Mathematics Background

Solid Ground of Engineering Science Design Swamp

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DESIGN SWAMP
This is how you feel now!!!
Design Professor

Solid Ground of Engineering Science Design Swamp

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DESIGN SKILLS
MOVING FROM THE CLIFF TO THE SWAMP
Design Professor Design Skills

Solid Ground of Engineering Science Design Swamp

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HOW TO TEACH DESIGN?

I could prescribe a set of tools and go through them in depth -- too specic We could look at lots of great designs, analyze them and develop an aesthetic appreciation of design We could do DESIGN and take the time to reect on the process We could attempt to develop general design strategies and methodologies Fact: as engineering students, you are inundated with design tools Fact: unlike architecture, there is no explicit visual component in design What are we going to do?
We must experience design to be designers!!!

WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH DESIGN

PROCESS CONCIOUS GOAL PURPOSE REASON PLANNING EVALUATION CREATIVITY SCIENCE TRIAL AND ERROR RANDOM EXPRESSION JUMPING TO CONCLUSIONS

GENERAL STEPS TO DESIGN

A PROBLEM General Non-Technical Specification

THE PROBLEM Specific Technical

DOMAIN OF TRADITIONAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

IMPLEMENTATION PARTICULAR DESIGN POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

EVALUATION & ITERATION

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PRODUCT DESIGN
Product development process vs. design Development Process
Understand the opportunity Develop a concept Implement a concept

Types of design and redesign

Original Adaptive Variant

Reverse Engineering
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TYPES OF DESIGN
Types of design and redesign
Variant - Modify performance of an existing product by varying some of its design variable values or product parameters e.g. size, material, manufacturing process. Adaptive - Adapt a known solution to accomplish a new task Original - conceive and embody an original, innovative concept for a given task. Selection - match the desired functional requirements of a component with the actual performance of standard components listed in vendors caalogues. Redesign - improvement of existing products

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SOLUTION STRATEGIES
Formulation
Orig inal pro duc

Concept Design

Part Conguration design

sign t de

ri Va t an de sig n

Conguration Design

Conguration Design

Parametric Design

Parametric Design

Parametric Design

Detail Design

Detail Design

Detail Design

Detail Design

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MISSION STATEMENT
Focus design efforts Dene goals Translate the business case analysis to the development team Provide a schedule for tasks Provide guidelines for the design process

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MISSION STATEMENT
Product description: one concise and focused sentence Key business or humanitarian goals
Schedule Gross margin/prot or break even point Market share Advancement of human needs

Primary market: brief phrase of market sector/group Secondary market Assumptions Stakeholders Avenues for creative design Scope limitations

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PROJECT SCOPING
Understand the various interests that pull and constrain the development project Assess product development risk, which fundamentally arises from two independent sources: market risk and technical risk Establish the design driver variables that, when specied, dene other decisions directly Establish the technical specications early Complete an economic analysis to establish project cost limits and marketplace targets
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DESIGN PROCESS
Conceptual design
Dene problem
Problem statement Benchmarking Project planning

Gather information
Internet Patents Trade Literature

Concept generation
Brainstorming Functional Decomposition Morphologic chart

Evaluation of concepts
Pugh concept selection Decision matrices

Product architecture
Arrangement of physical elements to carry out function

Conguration design
Prelim. Selection matls. & mfg. Modeling/sizing of parts

Parametric design
Robust design Tolerances Final dimensions DFM

Detailed design
Detailed Drawings & specications

Embodiment design
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
Understand the primary customer needs and engineering specications Decompose/divide the product functions Search for solutions for product functions and architecture Combine solutions into concept variants

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UNDERSTANDING CUSTOMER NEEDS

Customer populations Types of customer needs Direct Latent Constant Variable General Niche

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GATHERING CUSTOMER NEEDS

Methods
Interviews

Questionnaires Focus groups Be the customer

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GATHER INFORMATION
Conceptual design
Dene problem
Problem statement Benchmarking QFD & PDS Project planning

Gather information
Internet Patents Trade Literature

Concept generation
Brainstorming Functional Decomposition Morphologic chart

Evaluation of concepts
Pugh concept selection Decision matrices

Product architecture
Arrangement of physical elements to carry out function

Conguration design
Prelim. Selection matls. & mfg. Modeling/sizing of parts

Parametric design
Robust design Tolerances Final dimensions DFM

Detailed design
Detailed Drawings & specications

Embodiment design
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ROADMAP FOR GENERATING CONCEPTS

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INFORMATION SOURCES

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CONCEPT GENERATION
Conceptual design
Dene problem
Problem statement Benchmarking QFD & PDS Project planning

Gather information
Internet Patents Trade Literature

Concept generation
Brainstorming Functional Decomposition Morph. charts

Evaluation of concepts
Pugh concept selection Decision matrices

Product architecture
Arrangement of physical elements to carry out function

Conguration design
Prelim. Selection matls. & mfg. Modeling/sizing of parts

Parametric design
Robust design Tolerances Final dimensions DFM

Detailed design
Detailed Drawings & specications

Embodiment design
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CONCEPT GENERATION METHODS

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GENERATING ALTERNATIVES

Lateral Thinking Perseverance Mental Push-ups Making lists Word games Solving puzzles Magic tricks and other games Procedural Techniques

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MEMORY (MIND) MAPS

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SYSTEMATIC SEARCH

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BLACK BOX MODEL Batter-up!

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BETA FUNCTIONAL PROTOTYPE

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MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Consider each product function in the functional model and each module of the product architecture List the function or module as rows of a matrix In the rst column of the matrix, enter the current solution to the function or module, if the product exists Apply concept generation methods and record the concepts in the columns of the matrix for each function Map the range of solutions per each function to a classication scheme, such as energy domains. Judge if the solutions are too focused or cover a good breadth When a good breadth of ideas and technologies are realized in the morphological matrix, combine the ideas into diverse concept variations that seek to satisfy the entire product specication
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Rened function structure

NAIL CLIPPER

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MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Concept generation

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BILGE WATER REMOVAL SYSTEM Black box model

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BILGE WATER REMOVAL SYSTEM Function structure

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BILGE WATER REMOVAL SYSTEM Concepts

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BILGE WATER REMOVAL SYSTEM Concepts

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BILGE WATER REMOVAL SYSTEM Variant concepts

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SMART SPOON PRODUCT Black box model

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SMART SPOON PRODUCT Function structure

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SMART SPOON PRODUCT Morphological chart

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SMART SPOON PRODUCT Concepts

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SMART SPOON PRODUCT Concepts

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CONCLUDING REMARKS
Navigate through the design swamp Problem Formulation
Morphological Charts Mind Maps Functional Diagrams

Concept sketches Proposal Document Groups and Project Selection !!!

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