CHAPTER-5

CORRUGATED MATCHED FEED

The idea of corrugated horn was conceived by two independent groups. In USA, A. F. Kay proposed a corrugated horn with pattern symmetry and negligible sidelobes over a wide bandwidth [25]. At the same time, Minnot and Thomas [71] of CSIRO, Australia reported the radiation properties of corrugated waveguide feed. Since then the corrugated horns are in use as primary feeds for reflector antennas. In comparison to smooth walled conical horns, the corrugated horns possess two important properties, i.e., axial beam symmetry and low cross-polarization over a wide bandwidth [25]. These properties ensure high antenna gain, low spillover and minimum contribution from the sidelobes. In order to produce symmetric E-plane and H-plane patterns with a very low cross-polarization, it is necessary that the horn should produce linear aperture electric fields [25]. However, it is known that a pure TE or TM mode cannot produce linear electric fields and hence the radiation patterns of smooth-walled conical horns (supporting TE and/or TM modes) are not symmetric. As reported in the published literature, the hybrid mode can only produce the required linear electric fields. The hybrid mode is basically a mixture of TE and TM modes, e.g., fundamental HE11 mode is a mixture of TE11 and TM11 modes. Such hybrid mode(s) can be generated by a horn, whose inner surface is corrugated. In fact, the corrugations on the walls of the horn modify the electric and the magnetic fields such that the horn produces symmetric co-polar patterns with less cross-polar radiation. Although the fundamental HE11 mode guided corrugated horn is the best feed option for a symmetrical reflector, however, it is not suitable as a feed for the offset
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parabolic reflector antenna. This is because the conventional corrugated feed cannot suppress the cross-polarization introduced by the offset geometry of the reflector. Thus, a pure HE11 mode guided cylindrical corrugated feed is not suitable for an offset parabolic reflector antenna. As suggested in [21], if a corrugated matched feed can be designed, whose aperture fields are a conjugate match to the focal region fields of the reflector, it is possible to suppress the unwanted cross-polarization of the offset reflector. In a corrugated structure, such a matched feed can be configured by adding an additional hybrid mode (HE21 mode) to the fundamental HE11 mode. To the best of authors knowledge, a corrugated matched feed has not been reported in the published literature. This has motivated the author to design a dualmode corrugated matched feed. This chapter presents three different designs of a corrugated matched feed. The necessary field expressions for the corrugated matched feed are summarized in section 5.1. Following this, the numerical results obtained through various simulations are discussed. For a selected feed design, the measured return-loss characteristics and the primary radiation patterns are also presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the prototype matched feed with the offset reflector has been verified through experimental results.

5.1 FIELD EXPRESSIONS MATCHED FEED

FOR

THE

CORRUGATED

In case of a corrugated cylindrical wave-guide structure, the matched feed is a dual-mode feed with two modes, i.e., HE11 and HE21. The fundamental HE11 mode ensures that the feed itself will not radiate high cross-polarization, while a small component of HE21 mode compensates the asymmetric cross-polarization added by the

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offset geometry. For the satisfactory operation of the matched feed, it is necessary that the HE21 mode should maintain -90 phase relationship with the HE11 mode. The field expressions of the dual-mode corrugated matched feed can be written as, (5.1) (5.2) where, is the arbitrary constant defining the relative power in HE 21 mode with and

respect to the fundamental HE11 mode. Using the general expressions for from [72], the expressions for , and

can be obtained as,

(5.3)

(5.4)

(5.5)

(5.6) In (5.3) to (5.6), = aperture radius of the horn (in meter), R=distance from the aperture centre to the observation point (in meter), = wavelength of operation (in meter), = free-space propagation constant, = normalized phase-change coefficients of HE11 mode, = normalized phase-change coefficients of HE21 mode,
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= normalized hybrid factor (referred as modes, respectively), = free-space wave admittance, and

and

for the HE11 and HE21

(5.7) (5.8) (5.9) = the first root of the Bessel function for HE11 mode (=2.405), = the first root of the Bessel function for HE21 mode (=3.8317), = Bessel function of the first kind and order m, The actual values of have been obtained by solving the characteristic

equation under a balanced hybrid condition [72].

5.2 NUMERICAL RESULTS

Prior to the actual fabrication of the corrugated matched feed, its effectiveness with the offset parabolic reflector has been verified through a series of computer simulations. For all the simulations, the offset geometry described in the beginning of section 3.2 has been taken into consideration. First, the performance of the individual matched feed has been simulated and then the same feed has been used to simulate the overall performance of the reflector system. All the simulated results are presented in the subsequent sub-sections.

5.2.1 Simulated Far-field (Primary) Radiation Patterns of the Corrugated Matched Feed
Using the field expressions derived in section 5.1, a MATLAB based computer program was developed to estimate the primary radiation patterns of the corrugated
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matched feed. The results obtained through the MATLAB program were compared to that of the commercially available GRASP-8W software.
0

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30
Co Pol. (Computed Results) Co Pol. (GRASP-8W Results)

-40 -90

-60

-30

0 Theta (Degree) (a)

30

60

90

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20
Co Pol. (Computed Results) Co Pol. (GRASP-8W Results) Cross Pol. (Computed Results) Cross Pol. (GRASP-8W Results)

-30

-40 -90

-60

-30

0 Theta (Degree) (b)

30

60

90

Fig. 5.1

Simulated radiation patterns of the corrugated matched feed (a) For Phi=0 (b) For Phi=90

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As shown in Fig. 5.1, there is an excellent correlation between the MATLAB results and the GRASP-8W results. It is worthwhile to note that the high cross-polarization observed in Fig. 5.1(b) is due to the presence of the additional HE21 mode. Ultimately this cross-polarization will cancel out the cross-polarization introduced by the offset reflector geometry. Further, a slight beam-squint noticed in the co-pol pattern (Fig. 5.1(a)) may have resulted because of the asymmetric HE21 mode.

5.2.2 Variation in Peak Cross-Polarization as a Function of Relative Power in HE21 Mode

After obtaining the satisfactory performance of the feed, the next important task was to decide the numerical value of the constant . To accomplish this, the peak

cross-polarization in the secondary radiation pattern was computed for different values of the constant . As evident from Fig. 5.2, only one value of gives the least peak

cross-polarization in the reflector far-field pattern. This unique value has been fixed up for all subsequent simulations.
-20

Cross Polarization (dB)

-30

-40

-50

-60 0.0

0.2

0.4 0.6 Relative Power in HE21 Mode

0.8

1.0

Fig. 5.2

Variation in peak cross-polarization as a function of relative power in HE21 mode 83

5.2.3 Offset Angles (0) Versus Relative Power in HE21 Mode

As reported by Chu and Turrin [8], in an offset parabolic reflector antenna, crosspolarization highly depends on the offset angle ( . The higher offset angle makes the

reflector geometry more asymmetric, which ultimately results into high cross-polar radiation. In order to compensate this high cross-polarization, using the corrugated matched feed, a relatively higher amount of modal power will be needed in the HE21 mode. In other words, as the value of the offset angle increases, the modal power in the HE21 mode should also increase. This explanation is in line with those discussed in section 3.2.3 and 4.2.3 for rectangular and cylindrical matched feed, respectively. The same has been verified for the corrugated matched feed and the results are presented in Fig. 5.3.

0.60

Relative Power in HE21 Mode

0.52

0.44

0.36

0.28

0.20 20

25

30 35 40 Offset Angle (Degree)

45

50

Fig. 5.3

Offset angles (0) versus relative power in HE21 mode

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5.2.4 Simulated Far-field (Secondary) Radiation Patterns of the Offset Reflector Antenna Fed by a Linearly Polarized Corrugated Matched Feed
This sub-section presents the far-field radiation patterns of the offset parabolic reflector antenna illuminated by two different corrugated feeds. Initially, the conventional corrugated horn (which supports only the fundamental HE11 mode) has been used as a primary feed. Very high cross-polarization was noticed in this case (see Fig. 5.4). Later on, for the same reflector, a corrugated matched feed was used as a primary feed. The results are plotted in Fig. 5.5. Comparison of Fig. 5.4 and Fig. 5.5 shows a substantial cross-polarization reduction in case of a matched feed illuminated reflector.

0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -8

Co Pol. (Phi=0) Co Pol. (Phi=90) Cross Pol. (Phi=90)

Relative Power Level (dB)

-6

-4

-2 0 2 Theta (Degree)

Fig. 5.4

Simulated secondary radiation patterns of the offset reflector illuminated by a linearly polarized HE11 mode guided conventional corrugated horn

85

0
Co Pol. (Phi=0)

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -8

Co Pol. (Phi=90) Cross Pol. (Phi=90)

-6

-4

-2 0 2 Theta (Degree)

Fig. 5.5

Simulated secondary radiation patterns of the offset reflector illuminated by a linearly polarized corrugated matched feed

5.2.5 Simulated Far-field (Secondary) Radiation Patterns of the Offset Reflector Antenna Fed by a Circularly Polarized Corrugated Matched Feed
Structural asymmetry of the offset parabolic reflector results in beam squinting especially when circular polarization is employed. In this reference, it has been shown that the use of either rectangular matched feed or cylindrical matched feed as the primary feed, successfully removes the beam squinting effects. On the similar ground, the dual-mode corrugated matched feed was also tested with the offset reflector antenna. Fig. 5.6 shows the far-field radiation patterns of the offset parabolic reflector antenna illuminated by a circularly polarized conventional corrugated horn (HE11 mode guided), while Fig. 5.7 represents the far-field patterns of the same reflector when illuminated by a circularly polarized corrugated matched feed. It is observed that the

86

patterns are squint-free in Fig. 5.7 as compared to those of Fig. 5.6. Thus, it can be said that the use of a circularly polarized corrugated matched feed, in conjunction with the offset reflector, effectively removes the beam squinting.
0
Left Circular Right Circular

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50 -6

-4

-2

0 Theta (Degree)

Fig. 5.6

Simulated secondary radiation patterns of the offset reflector illuminated by a circularly polarized HE11 mode guided conventional corrugated horn
0
Left Circular Right Circular

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50 -6

-4

-2

0 Theta (Degree)

Fig. 5.7

Simulated secondary radiation patterns of the offset reflector illuminated by a circularly polarized corrugated matched feed 87

5.3 CORRUGATED MATCHED FEED DESIGN

After obtaining satisfactory numerical results, the next stage was to design the actual model of the corrugated matched feed. Due to the successive slots and teeth to form the series of corrugations on the walls of the horn, the modeling of such feed was very challenging even with the HFSS. The process of corrugation modeling, using HFSS software, is briefly outlined in the next paragraph. For preparing the corrugations of desired dimensions, the successive slots and teethes were modeled using cylinders of different radii. All such cylinders were then united as shown in Fig. 5.8(a). The complete model of the corrugated structure is shown in Fig. 5.8(b).

(a) Fig. 5.8

(b)

(a) Process of uniting the individual cylinders to form corrugations (b) Model of the corrugated structure

Three different designs of the corrugated matched feed have been prepared and are discussed in the subsequent sub-sections. The feeds have been designed for an operating frequency of 6.6 GHz.

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5.3.1 Design-I
The geometry of the proposed dual-mode corrugated matched feed [73] is shown in Fig. 5.9. Using the HFSS software, the feed dimensions were optimized to obtain the desired modes at the horn aperture.

(a) Fig. 5.9

(b)

HFSS simulated design of the dual-mode corrugated matched feed (Design-I) (a) Front View (b) Side View (D1=36 mm, D2=76 mm, D3=98 mm, L1=10 mm, L2=50 mm, L3=10 mm, L4=70 mm)

The input waveguide of the feed was excited by a pure TE 11 mode. The diameter of the input waveguide ( ) was selected such that it supports the smooth

propagation of the TE11 mode. Next, the asymmetric TE21 mode was generated using the three cylindrical pins of equal dimensions. The height of the pin decides the modal amplitude of the TE21 mode. The diameter D2 was chosen to cut off all higher order modes than the TE21 mode. Then, the TE11 and TE21 modes were allowed to pass through the corrugated structure of the horn. In the corrugated section, the new boundary conditions convert the TE11 mode in to the HE11 mode and the TE21 mode in to the HE21 mode. The corrugation pitch and the pitch-to-width ratio were decided
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based on the guidelines provided in a standard corrugated horn design primer [74]. The depth of the slots was kept same for all the corrugations. The required phase relationship amongst the two modes (HE11 and HE21) was established by carefully selecting the lengths of the various parts of the horn. After finishing the modeling of the feed, its return-loss and the radiation performance were simulated in HFSS. The HFSS generated feed radiation patterns (primary patterns) were given as input to the GRASP-8W software to further simulate the overall performance of the offset parabolic reflector. The results are summarized in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Simulated performance of the corrugated matched feed (Design-I) # ## ## Feed return-loss Peak Peak Crosscross-polarization crosspolarization (with conventional polarization improvement corrugated horn) (with corrugated matched feed) -9 dB -24.8 dB -42.6 dB 17.8 dB
#

Shows only the minimum value of the return-loss over a frequency band of 6 to 7 GHz ## Shows the reflector peak cross-polarization in the asymmetric plane

5.3.2 Design-II
Fig. 5.10 shows another interesting geometry of the dual-mode corrugated matched feed [75] prepared using HFSS. The horn dimensions have been finalized after a set of parametric studies. The horn was excited by a pure TE11 mode. The diameter of the input waveguide ( . Where, was selected by satisfying a condition,

is the cut-off wave number for the TE11 mode (= 1.84118), and

is the operating wavelength. The next step is to generate a non-unity azimuthallydependant TE21 mode. As reported in [26], by inserting a metallic pin (post) or a septum into the waveguide, the TE21 mode can be excited. However, it was observed that the use of pins degrades the return-loss performance of the feed [73]. Therefore,

90

three arc shaped septums were used to excite the TE21 mode. The modal amplitude of the TE21 mode could be controlled by varying the dimensions of the septums. The TE 11 and the TE21 modes were allowed to pass through the corrugated structure. The mode converter in a corrugated section imposes new boundary conditions and converts the TE11 mode in the HE11 mode and the TE21 mode in the HE21 mode. The most commonly used variable-depth-slot (slot depth decreases from to type of

mode converter [74] scheme was chosen. The pitch dimension was chosen to be approximately The required amounts of modal amplitudes and the phase

relationship (-90) amongst the two modes (HE11 and HE21) were established by adjusting the horn length and the septum dimensions. Extensive computer simulations were carried out to decide the proportion of HE 21 mode and finally the value which gave the least peak cross-polarization in the secondary radiation pattern was selected.

Fig. 5.10 HFSS simulated design of the dual-mode corrugated matched feed (Design-II) (a) Front View (b) Side View
#

Table 5.2 Simulated performance of the corrugated matched feed (Design-II) ## ## Feed return-loss Peak Peak Crosscross-polarization cross-polarization polarization (with conventional (with corrugated improvement corrugated horn) matched feed) -28 dB -24.8 dB -41.1 dB 16.3 dB
#

Shows only the minimum value of the return-loss over a frequency band of 6 to 7 GHz ## Shows the reflector peak cross-polarization in the asymmetric plane

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The designed feed was then tested for the return-loss performance. The returnloss of the feed was found to be better than 28 dB over the specified frequency band. The primary radiation patterns were also found satisfactory. Later on, the feed was used to illuminate the offset parabolic reflector antenna and the far-field radiation patterns were estimated using the GRASP- 8W software. The important results are summarized in Table 5.2.

5.3.3 Design-III
The geometry of the prototype horn is shown in Fig. 5.11. The dimensions of the dual-mode corrugated matched feed [76] were finalized after extensive simulations performed using HFSS software. The computer simulations took a few weeks time to arrive at an optimum horn design. The horn was excited by a pure TE11 mode and the input diameter of the feed was chosen such that it allows the TE11 mode to propagate. Following this, a mode converter was introduced to convert the TE11 mode into a hybrid HE11 mode. In the mode converter section, the depth of corrugations varies gradually from an initial depth of near the throat of the horn to approximately

at the fourth corrugation. Except the fifth corrugation, all the remaining corrugations (sixth onwards) maintain a constant depth of . It was observed that this type of

variable-depth-slot mode converter offers better return-loss performance as compared to the constant-depth-slot (fixed at ) mode converter as employed in Design-I. In

the present prototype design, approximately 6.5 corrugations have been accommodated per wavelength. The pitch length and the pitch-to-width ratio were decided based on the guidelines provided in a standard corrugated horn design primer [74]. The required HE21 mode was generated, by inserting three arc shaped symmetrical septums. In Fig. 5.11(a), the fifth corrugation represents the septum. It is
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to be noted that the amplitude of the HE21 mode largely depends on the dimensions of the septums. Since, the improper septum dimensions may degrade the overall performance of the reflector, utmost care was taken while deciding the dimensions of the septums. The required phase relationship (-90) amongst the two hybrid modes was established by properly adjusting the length L3. Accurate performance prediction of such a complicated design was very challenging. Appropriate setting of the convergence limit with the suitable simulation parameters became necessary for satisfactory simulations. It is important to note that, a high-speed computer with minimum 4 GB RAM is essential to accomplish the computations for such type of complex feed structures. Also, for such geometries, relatively more computation time is needed for convergence of the results. The major results are highlighted in Table 5.3.

Fig. 5.11 HFSS simulated design of the dual-mode corrugated matched feed (Design-III) (a) Front View (b) Side View (D1=34 mm, D2=50 mm, D3=68 mm, D4=102 mm L1=30 mm, L2=15 mm, L3=98 mm) Table 5.3 Simulated performance of the corrugated matched feed (Design-III) # ## ## Feed return-loss Peak Peak Crosscross-polarization crosspolarization (with conventional polarization improvement corrugated horn) (with corrugated matched feed) -20 dB -24.8 dB -40.9 dB 16.1 dB
#

Shows only the minimum value of the return-loss over a frequency band of 6 to 7 GHz ## Shows the reflector peak cross-polarization in the asymmetric plane

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5.4 MEASURED RESULTS

After analyzing the simulated results of all the three corrugated matched feeds described in the previous section, it was decided to fabricate one prototype feed. Although, the overall performance of Design-II was slightly better than that of DesignIII, considering the fabrication difficulties with Design-II, it was decided to select Design-III for fabrication. The horn was fabricated in three parts. Part-1 of the horn comprises of the input waveguide section and the first four slots. From the fabrication point of view, this was the most difficult part. The septum (fifth slot) was fabricated as part-2. In order to test the performance of the horn with septums of different dimensions, three such pieces of different arc size were fabricated. The third part of the horn includes all the slots (i.e., slot 6 onwards) subsequent to the septum. During the fabrication process, utmost care was taken to maintain the consistency of all dimensions. Some of the adverse effects due to changes in the horn dimensions are listed in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4 Effects of changes in the horn dimensions Type of change Effects Change in slot depth Influence the cross-polar performance of the feed itself Change in horn length Affects the phase relationship between the HE11 and HE21 mode Change in septum diameter Affects the modal amplitude of the HE 21 mode

After fabrication of all the three parts, their dimensions were physically verified with high precision measuring instruments. Then, each part was tightened to the successive part such that there is no air-gap between any two parts. An air-gap may lead to a discontinuity in the current flow, which alters the fields in the horn and ultimately result in poor performance of the horn [25]. After integrating all the three

94

parts, the horn was connected to the rectangular-to-circular transition. The photograph of the entire horn, with the transition, is shown in Fig. 5.12.

Fig. 5.12 The photograph of the proposed dual-mode corrugated matched feed (Design-III) (a) Front View (b) Side View

The next important stage was to test the performance of the feed as an individual element and then with the offset parabolic reflector. All measurements were carried out at SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad. The results of three crucial measurements are presented in the following sub-sections.

5.4.1 Feed Return-Loss Measurement

Firstly, the return-loss of the proposed corrugated matched feed was measured over a frequency band of 6.0 to 7.0 GHz. The results are plotted in Fig. 5.13. It is important to note that the horn return-loss is satisfactory over a wide frequency range, even though the septums are present in the horn.

5.4.2 Far-field (Primary) Radiation Patterns of the Corrugated Matched Feed

The radiation characteristics of the proposed dual-mode corrugated feed was measured and compared with the theoretical predictions. Since the feed under testing was relatively small in wavelength, the anechoic chamber was preferred for radiation

95

pattern measurements. The photograph of the feed under test at the anechoic chamber is shown in Fig. 5.14.
-10 -15 -20
Return Loss (dB)

-25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Frequency (GHz) 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0

Fig. 5.13 The measured return-loss characteristic of the corrugated matched feed (Design-III)

Fig. 5.14 The corrugated matched feed under test at the anechoic chamber (SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India) 96

Fig. 5.15 shows the measured and the simulated far-field radiation patterns of the corrugated matched feed.
0
Co Pol. Simulated (Phi=0) Co Pol. Measured (Phi=0)

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40 -90

-60

-30

0 Theta (Degree) (a)

30

60

90

0
Co Pol. Simulated (Phi=90) Cx. Pol. Simulated (Phi=90) Co Pol. Measured (Phi=90) Cx. Pol. Measured (Phi=90)

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40 -90

-60

-30

0 Theta (Degree) (b)

30

60

90

Fig. 5.15 The normalized simulated and measured radiation patterns of the HFSS designed corrugated matched feed (Design-III) (a) For Phi=0 (b) For Phi=90 97

For both

and

plane, the measured and the computed patterns

were found in almost close agreement. However, in Fig. 5.15(b), slight mis-match in the cross-polar patterns is visible. One of the reasons behind this mis-match could be the measurement set-up, which generally has 1 dB error at the level of 20 dB. Further, the increased cross-polarization in the plane indicates the presence

of an additional HE21 mode with the fundamental HE11 mode. As mentioned earlier, this high cross-polarization will finally cancel-out the cross-polarization of the reflector.

5.4.3 Far-field (Secondary) Radiation Patterns of the Offset Reflector Antenna Fed by a Linearly Polarized Corrugated Matched Feed
This sub-section presents the far-field radiation patterns of the offset reflector fed by a linearly polarized corrugated matched feed. The offset reflector specifications are the same as those described in section 3.2 (Fig. 3.1). Prior to the actual measurement, the feed was fixed at the geometrical focus of the reflector and its alignment with the reflector was ensured. The pictorial view of the entire antenna measurement set-up is shown in Fig. 5.16. The measurements were conducted at the compact antenna test range (CCR-75/60), SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad. The measured co-polar and cross-polar patterns for the two principle planes, i.e., =0 and asymmetrical =90 are shown in Fig. 5.17. As justified in the previous chapters, = 90) plane, was chosen for estimating the actual improvement in

the cross-polarization. As evident from Fig. 5.17 (b), significant improvement in the cross-polarization was observed when a dual-mode corrugated horn was in the place of a conventional corrugated horn.

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Fig. 5.16 The offset reflector and a corrugated matched feed under test at CATR (SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India)

0
Co Pol. (Measured) Cross Pol. (Measured)

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50 -8

-6

-4

-2 0 2 Theta (Degree) (a)

99

0
Co Pol. (Measured) Cross Pol. (Measured)

Relative Power Level (dB)

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50 -8

-6

-4

-2 0 2 Theta (Degree) (b)

Fig. 5.17 Measured secondary radiation patterns of the offset reflector illuminated by a linearly polarized corrugated matched feed (a) For Phi=0 (b) For Phi=90

5.5 CONCLUSION
In the present chapter, three different designs of a corrugated matched feed are discussed. In a cylindrical corrugated structure, higher order HE21 mode has been added with the fundamental HE11 mode to configure the corrugated matched feed horn. Through experimental results, it is verified that, the corrugated matched feed effectively suppress the undesired cross-polarization of an offset parabolic reflector antenna. The preliminary results are very encouraging and further improvement in the cross-polar performance is possible by adjusting the septum dimensions.

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PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE CHAPTER

[1] S. B. Sharma, Dhaval Pujara, S. B. Chakrabarty, and Ranajit Dey, CrossPolarization Cancellation in Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna using a Corrugated Matched Feed, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 861-864, 2009. [2] S. B. Sharma, Dhaval Pujara, and S. B. Chakrabarty, Design and Development of a Dual-mode Corrugated Horn for an Offset Reflector Antenna, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 52, no.1, pp. 113-116, January 2010. [3] Dhaval Pujara, S. B. Sharma, S. B. Chakrabarty, Ranajit Dey, and V. K. Singh, Design of a Novel Corrugated Matched Feed for an Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, June 2009.

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