Footing PTC CE BSD 7.2 Us MP

PTC_CE_BSD_7.2_us_mp.
mcdx
Mathcad Enabled Content Copyright 2011 Knovel Corp. Building Structural Design Thomas P. Magner, P.E. 2011 Parametric Technology Corp. Chapter 7: Reinforced Concrete Column and Wall Footings 7.2 Pile Footings Disclaimer While Knovel and PTC have made every effort to ensure that the calculations, engineering solutions, diagrams and other information (collectively Solution) presented in this Mathcad worksheet are sound from the engineering standpoint and accurately represent the content of the book on which the Solution is based, Knovel and PTC do not give any warranties or representations, express or implied, including with respect to fitness, intended purpose, use or merchantability and/or correctness or accuracy of this Solution. Array origin:
ORIGIN 0
Description Pile supported footings or pile caps are used under columns and walls to distribute the load to the piles. The plan dimensions of a pile footing are determined by the number and the arrangement of the piles and the required minimum spacing between the piles. This application determines minimum required pile cap thickness and the maximum size and minimum number of reinforcing bars for pile caps with from 2 to 20 piles in a group. Pile diameter and spacing, and the size of the supported rectangular pier or wall may be specified by the user. The application uses the Strength Design Method of ACI 318-89. The required input includes the pile capacity at service load (unfactored loads) and the plan dimensions of the column or wall. The user may also enter material properties and variables designated as "project constants" in this application. The material properties include strength of the concrete and the reinforcement, unit weight of concrete, unit weight of reinforced concrete, and the preferred reinforcement ratio. The project constants include pile diameter, minimum pile spacing, edge distance, and multiples used for rounding the pile coordinates, the pile cap depth and the plan dimensions of the pile caps.
Mathcad Enabled Content Copyright 2011 Knovel Corp. All rights reserved.
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PTC_CE_BSD_7.2_us_mp.mcdx
Reference: ACI 318-89 "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete." (Revised 1992) Input
Input Variables Enter service load pile capacity, number of piles in group, and pier or wall dimensions. Pile capacity at service loads: Number of piles in group: Column width: Column depth:
Pcap 80 kip N8 Cx 24 in Cy 24 in
If the footing supports a wall, enter any wall length greater than or equal to the dimension of the footing parallel to the wall.
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Computed Variables The following variables are calculated in this document: Ps F Pu qu h X Y x' total service load capacity of the piles combined load factor for dead and live load total factored load capacity of the piles and the pile cap factored load capacity of one pile total pile footing thickness the longer dimension of the pile cap the shorter dimension of the pile cap pile coordinates in the X direction from the centroid of the pile group pile coordinates in the Y direction from the centroid of the pile group
y'
Input Constants The following variables are normally constant for a given project and may be defined by the user. The variables s, SzP, SzD and E are used by this application to calculate the pile coordinates and plan dimensions of the pile caps. Minimum pile spacing: Multiple for rounding pile spacing:
s 3 ft SzP 0.5 in
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Multiple for rounding pile cap plan dimensions: Minimum edge distance from center of pile: Ratio of live load to dead load: Pile diameter at top of pile: Pile embedment into pile cap: Clearance between reinforcement and top of pile: Multiple for rounding footing depths: Material Properties Enter the values of f'c, fy, wc, wrc, kv and kw. Specified compressive strength of concrete: Specified yield strength of reinforcement: Unit weight of concrete: Unit weight of reinforced concrete: Shear strength reduction factor for lightweight concrete kv = 1 for normal weight, 0.75 for alllightweight and 0.85 for sand-lightweight concrete (ACI 318, 11.2.1.2.):
SzD 1 in E 1 ft + 3 in R1 dp 8 in e 4 in cl 3 in SzF 1 in
f'c 4 ksi fy 60 ksi wc 145 pcf wrc 150 pcf
kv 1
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Weight factor for increasing development and splice lengths kw = 1 for normal weight and 1.3 for lightweight aggregate concrete (ACI 318, 12.2.4.2):
kw 1
Factors for use of lightweight concrete are included, but it would be unusual to use lightweight concrete for a pile cap. Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement (ACI 318, 8.5.2): Strain in concrete at compression failure (ACI 318, 10.3.2): Strength reduction factor for flexure (ACI 318, 9.3.2.1): Strength reduction factor for shear (ACI 318, 9.3.2.3):
Es 29000 ksi c 0.003 f 0.9 v 0.85
Reinforcing bar number designations, diameters, and areas:
No [ [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ] ]
db [ [ 0 0 0 0.375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1.00 1.128 1.27 1.41 0 0 1.693 0 0 0 2.257 ] ] in
2 Ab [ [ 0 0 0 0.11 0.20 0.31 0.44 0.60 0.79 1.00 1.27 1.56 0 0 2.25 0 0 0 4.00 ] ] in T
Bar numbers, diameters and areas are in the vector rows (or columns in the transposed vectors shown) corresponding to the bar numbers. Individual bar numbers, diameters and areas of a specific bar can be referred to by using the vector subscripts as shown in the example below.
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Pile Coordinates and Plan Dimensions of Pile Caps Dimensions used to compute pile coordinates:
s0 0 ft s1 = 4.25 ft
s sin ( (45 deg) ) s1 2 SzP ceil SzP s sin ( (60 deg) ) s2 SzP ceil SzP s s3 + s2 2 s4 s2 + s
s2 = 2.625 ft
s3 = 4.125 ft s4 = 5.625 ft
Angle between the centerline of the two piles in the base row and a centerline drawn between either of the two piles in the base row to the pile at the apex of the 3-pile group:
2 s2 atan s
= 60.255 deg
Pile coordinates expressed in terms of pile spacing. The number within the column operator indicates the number of piles in the group:
T x 1 [ [ s0 s0 ] ] T y1 [ [ s0 s0 ] ]
s s x2 2 2
T T y2 [ [ s0 s0 ] ]
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s s x3 s0 2 2
s2 s2 2 s2 y3 3 3 3
T
s s s s x4 2 2 2 2
s s s s y4 2 2 2 2
T
s1 s1 s1 s1 x5 s0 2 2 2 2
T x 6 [ [ s s0 s s s0 s ] ]
s1 s1 s1 s1 y5 s0 2 2 2 2
s s s s s s y6 2 2 2 2 2 2
T
s s s s x7 s s0 s 2 2 2 2
T y7 [ [ s2 s2 s0 s0 s0 s2 s2 ] ]
s s x8 s s0 s s s0 s 2 2
T T y8 [ [ s2 s2 s2 s0 s0 s2 s2 s2 ] ]
T x 9 [ [ s s0 s s s0 s s s0 s ] ]
T y9 [ [ s s s s0 s0 s0 s s s ] ]
3 s s s 3s s s0 s x10 s s0 s 2 2 2 2
T T y10 [ [ s2 s2 s2 s0 s0 s0 s0 s2 s2 s2 ] ]
s s 3s 3 s s s 3s 3 s s s0 s x11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T y11 [ [ s2 s2 s2 s2 s0 s0 s0 s2 s2 s2 s2 ] ]
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s s 3 s 3 s s s 3 s 3 s s s 3s 3 s x12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T y12 [ [ s s s s s0 s0 s0 s0 s s s s ] ]
T x13 [ [ 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 ] ]
s s s s y13 s s s s0 s0 s0 s s s 2 2 2 2
3 s s s 3 s 3 s s s 3s s s0 s x14 s s0 s 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T
s s s s s s s s y14 s3 s3 s3 s3 s3 s3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T x15 [ [ 2 s s s0 s 2 s 2 s s s0 s 2 s 2 s s s0 s 2 s ] ] T y15 [ [ s s s s s s0 s0 s0 s0 s0 s s s s s ] ]
s s 3 s 3 s s s 3 s 3 s s s 3 s 3 s s s 3s 3 s x16 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 s s s s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s s s s s y16 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T
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T x17 [ [ s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 ] ]
s s s s 3 s 3 s 3s 3s s s s s0 s0 s0 s s s y17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T x18 [ [ 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 s2 s2 2 s2 s0 2 s2 ] ]
s s s s s s 3 s 3 s 3 s 3s 3s 3s s s s0 s0 s s y18 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T x19 [ [ s4 s2 s2 s4 s0 s4 s2 s2 s4 s0 s4 s2 s2 s4 s0 s4 s2 s2 s4 ] ]
s s s s s s s s 3 s 3 s 3 s 3 s 3s 3s 3s 3s s s0 s y19 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
T x20 [ [ 2 s s s0 s 2 s 2 s s s0 s 2 s 2 s s s0 s 2 s 2 s s s0 s 2 s ] ]
s s s s s 3 s 3 s 3 s 3 s 3 s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s s s s s s y20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Pile coordinates in the X and Y directions from the center of the pile group being designed:
i0N1 x' x
i
i,N
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x' T = [ [ 3 0 3 1.5 1.5 3 0 3 ] ] ft y' y

i i,N
y' T = [ [ 2.625 2.625 2.625 0.000 0.000 2.625 2.625 2.625 ] ] ft

Absolute values of pile coordinates in the X and Y directions from the center of the pile group being designed:
x_abs | |x'| | x_abs T = [ [ 3 0 3 1.5 1.5 3 0 3 ] ] ft y_abs | |y'| | y_abs T = [ [ 2.625 2.625 2.625 0 0 2.625 2.625 2.625 ] ] ft
Absolute values of pile coordinates in the X and Y directions from the center of the pile group being designed minus 1/2 the pier width, or the maximum absolute pile coordinate if the pile center is less than half the pier width from the center of the group:
Cx Cx x_face if x_abs x_abs) , x_abs , max ( ( ) i i i 2 2 x_face T = [ [ 2.000 3.000 2.000 0.500 0.500 2.000 3.000 2.000 ] ] ft Cy Cy y_abs) y_face if y_abs , y_abs , max ( ( ) i i i 2 2
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y_face T = [ [ 1.625 1.625 1.625 2.625 2.625 1.625 1.625 1.625 ] ] ft

Distances ax and ay from face of pier in the X and Y directions to the closest pile center, or 0 ft if all pile centers are less than or equal to 1/2 the pier width or depth from the pile group center:
Cx ax if max ( , 0 ft , min ( (x_abs) ) (x_face) ) 2 Cy ay if max ( (y_abs) ) , 0 ft , min ( (y_face) ) 2

Plan dimensions pile caps as function of the number of piles:
ax = 6 in
ay = 19.5 in
N N FX ( (N) ) max x min x +2E N N FY ( (N) ) max y min y +2E

Plan dimensions X and Y of the pile cap being designed:
X FX ( (N) ) X = 8.5 ft
Y FY ( (N) ) Y = 7.75 ft
Dimensions A and B for the 3-pile group rounded up to a multiple of SzD:
1 1 2 E ( ) ) tan ( () ) sin ( A SzD ceil SzD
A = 18 in
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1 1 () ) E 1 + tan ( () ) sin ( B SzD ceil SzD

Plan area of pile cap, CapArea:
B = 19 in
FX ( (3) )A ( CapArea if N 3 , X Y , FX ( (FY ( (3) ) FY ( (3) ) (3) ) B) ) 2 CapArea = 65.875 ft 2

Example:
No = 5
5
db = 0.625 in
5
Ab = 0.31 in 2
5
The following values are computed from the entered material properties. Modulus of elasticity of concrete (for values of wc between 90 pcf and 155 pcf (ACI 318, 8.5.1):
wc 1.5 Ec 33 pcf
f'c psi psi
Ec = 3644 ksi
Strain in reinforcement at yield stress:
fy y Es
y = 0.00207
Factor used to calculate depth of equivalent rectangular stress block (ACI 318, 10.2.7.3):
f'c 4 ksi 1 if , if f'c 4 ksi f'c 8 ksi , 0.85 0.05 f'c 4 ksi , 0.85 , 0.65 ksi
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1 = 0.85
Reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain conditions (ACI 318, 10.3.2):
1 0.85 f'c E s c b fy Es c + fy
Maximum reinforcement ratio (ACI 318, 10.3.3):
b = 2.851%
3 max b 4
max = 2.138%
Minimum reinforcement ratio for beams (ACI 318, 10.5.1, Eq. (10-3)):
200 lbf min fy in 2
min = 0.333%
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement ratio (ACI 318, 7.12.2.1):
fy .0018 60 ksi .0018 60 ksi temp if fy 50 ksi , .002 , if fy 60 ksi , .002 .0002 , if .0014 , , .0014 fy fy 60 ksi 3 b 8
Preferred reinforcement ratio:
Any reinforcement ratio from min (the minimum reinforcement ratio for flexure) to 3/4b (the maximum reinforcement ratio) may be specified. Numerical values may also be entered directly, such as 1.0 % or 0.01. Flexural coefficient K, for rectangular beams or slabs, as a function of (ACI 318, 10.2): (Moment capacity Mn = K(F, where F = bd2)
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fy K( fy () ) f 1 2 0.85 f'c K( () ) = 0.523 ksi

Limit the value of f'c for computing shear and development lengths to 10 ksi by substituting f'c_max for f'c in formulas for computing shear and development lengths (ACI 318, 11.1.2, 12.1.2):
f'c_max if f'c > 10 ksi , 10 ksi , f'c

Nominal "one way" shear strength per unit area in concrete (ACI 318, 11.3.1.1, Eq. (11-3), 11.5.4.3):
v c kv 2
f'c_max psi psi
vc = 126 psi
Basic tension development length ldbt (ACI 318, 12.2.2 and 12.2.3.6): No. 3 through No. 11 bars:
n 3 11 fy X2 0.03 db n n f'c_max psi psi
fy X1 0.04 Ab n n f'c_max lbf
ldbt if X1 > X2 , X1 , X2 n n n n n ldbt T = [ [ 0 0 0 10.7 14.2 17.8 21.3 24.9 30 37.9 48.2 59.2 ] ] in
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No. 14 bars:
fy in 2 ldbt 0.085 14 f'c_max lbf fy in 2 ldbt 0.125 18 f'c_max lbf
ldbt = 80.6 in
14
No. 18 bars
ldbt = 118.6 in
18
Tension development length (ACI 318, 12.2.1): No. 3 through No. 11 bars:
ldt if kw ldbt 12 in , kw ldbt , if kw ldbt > 0 in , 12 in , 0 in n n n n ldt T = [ [ 0 0 0 12 14.2 17.8 21.3 24.9 30 37.9 48.2 59.2 ] ] in
No. 14 bars:
ldt kw ldbt
14
14
ldt = 80.6 in
14
No. 18 bars Solution Service load:
ldt kw ldbt
18
18
ldt = 118.6 in
18
Ps Pcap N
Ps = 640 kip
Combined load factor for dead + live load:
1.4 + 1.7 R F 1+R
F = 1.55
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Factored load Pu:
Pu F N Pcap
Factored load per pile:
Pu = 992 kip
Pu qu N
qu = 124 kip
The longer dimension of the pile cap:
X = 8.5 ft
The shorter dimension of the pile cap:
Y = 7.75 ft
Range variable i from 0 to the number of piles N, minus 1:
i0N1
Pile coordinates in the X direction from the centerline of the pile group, starting from top left to bottom right:
x' T = [ [ 3 0 3 1.5 1.5 3 0 3 ] ] ft

Pile coordinates in the Y direction from the centerline of the pile group, starting from left to right and top to bottom:
y' T = [ [ 2.625 2.625 2.625 0 0 2.625 2.625 2.625 ] ] ft
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Solution to determine the minimum required footing depth for flexure, df Bending moment about the Y axis as function of distance x2 from Y axis:
My ( (x2) ) qu if x'i x2 , 0 ft , x'i x2 i

Bending moment about the Y axis at face of pier:
Cx My = 558 kip ft 2
Bending moment about the X axis as function of distance y2 from X axis:
Mx ( (y2) ) qu if y'i y2 , 0 ft , y'i y2 i

Bending moment about the X axis at face of pier:
Cy Mx = 604.5 kip ft 2
Effective footing width for bending about the X axis, at face of pier:
Cy X A 2 s2 Xf if N 3 , X , A + E + 3 2 Y B Xf = 8.5 ft
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Effective footing widths for flexure and shear vary with distance from the pile group centroid for the 3pile group. The remaining pile caps are rectangular in shape and the full width is effective for flexure or shear at any section. Effective footing width at face of pier, for bending about the Y axis:
Cx A Yf Y if ( ( ( N 3) )+ (Y B) ) Cx A , 0 ft , XA Yf = 7.75 ft
Maximum bending moment per unit width:
Cy Cx Cy Cx Mx My Mx My 2 2 2 2 Mu if > , , Xf Yf Xf Yf kip ft Mu = 72 ft
Minimum required effective footing depth for flexure at specified reinforcement ratio (ACI 318, 10.2):
df
Mu K( () )
df = 11.735 in
Solution to determine the minimum required footing depth for one-way beam shear, dbm Shear Vux(x2) in the X direction as a function of any specified positive distance x2 from the Y axis (ACI 318, 15.5.3):
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dp x' + x2 C x dp i dp dp 2 q Vux ( + , 0 , if x' x2 + , 1 , if x' x2 , 0 , (x2) ) if x'i u i i d 2 2 2 2 i p

Shear Vuy(y2) in the Y direction as a function of any specified positive distance y2 from the X axis (ACI 318, 15.5.3):
dp y' + y2 Cy dp i dp dp 2 q Vuy ( (y2) ) if y'i + , 0 , if y'i y2 + , 1 , if y'i y2 , 0 , u d 2 2 2 2 i p

Since the 3-pile group is not rectangular the effective width in the X and Y directions varies with distance from the pile group centroid. The shear must be checked at both the inside edge of the piles and at distance d from the face of the pier. The following functions are for calculating the effective widths and required depths at any positive distance from the pile group centroid, and the required depths at distance d from the face of the pier. The largest required depth at distance d from the face of pier or at the inside edge of the piles determines the minimum required depth for the 3-pile group. Effective footing width for one-way shear in the Y direction for the 3-pile group, as a function of any positive distance y2 from the X axis:
XA X3 ( (y2) )A+( (E + max ( (y') ) y2) ) YB

Minimum required depth for one-way shear in the Y direction for the 3-pile group as a function of any positive distance y2 from the X axis:
Cy Vuy ( Cy Vuy ( C y (y2) ) (y2) ) dy3 ( < y2 , , y2 (y2) ) if y2 , 0 ft , if 2 2 v vc X3 ( 2 (y2) ) (y2) ) v vc X3 (
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Effective footing width for one-way shear in the X direction for the 3-pile group, as a function of any positive distance x2 from the Y axis:
Cx Y B A Y3 ( + x2 , 0 ft , (x2) ) Y if Cx + 2 x2 A 2 2 X A
Minimum required depth for one-way shear in the X direction for the 3-pile group as a function of any positive distance x2 from the Y axis:
Cx Vux ( Cx Vux ( Cx (x2) ) (x2) ) dx3 ( , 0 ft , if < x2 , , x2 (x2) ) if x2 2 2 v vc Y3 ( 2 (x2) ) (x2) ) v vc Y3 (

Minimum required depth for one-way shear in the X direction for the 3-pile group at distance d from face of pier:
Guess Values Solver Constraints
d 1 ft dp d max ( (x') )+ 2 Cx Vux + d 2 d Cx v vc Y3 + d 2 dx3_d ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )
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Minimum required depth for one-way shear in the Y direction for the 3-pile group at distance d from face of pier:
Guess Values Solver Constraints
d 1 ft dp d max ( (y') )+ 2 Cy Vuy + d 2 d Cy v vc X3 + d 2 dy3_d ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )
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Functions for rectangular pile caps The following Mathcad solve blocks contain the functions for determining the required depth for oneway shear for the rectangular pile caps. Minimum required depth for one-way shear in the X direction at distance d from face of pier:
Guess Values Solver Guess Values Constraints Solver Constraints
d 1 ft dp d max ( (x') )+ 2 Cx Vux + d 2 d v vc Y dx ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )
Minimum required depth in the Y direction at distance d from face of pier:
d 1 ft dp d max ( (y') )+ 2 Cy Vuy + d 2 d v vc X dy ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )
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d 1 ft
Depth required for one-way shear in the Y direction:
d p y') dy3 max ( ) ( dy if N 3 , dy ( (d) ) , max 2 dy3_d ( ) (d) dy = 19.015 in

Depth required for one-way shear in the X direction:
d p x') dx3 max ( ) ( dx if N 3 , dx ( (d) ) , max 2 ( ) d d x3_d ( ) dx = 21.171 in

Minimum depth required for beam shear:
d dbm max x dy
dbm = 21.171 in
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Calculations to determine the minimum required footing depth for peripheral shear, dper (ACI 318, 11.12.2.1)
Critical Sections for Peripheral Shear (d is the effective depth and dp is the pile diameter) Perimeter of critical section for slabs and footings expressed as a function of d (ACI 318, 11.12.1.2):
bo ( (d) )2 Cx + Cy + 2 d
Ratio of the longer to the shorter pier dimension (ACI 318 11.12.2.1):
Cx Cy c if , Cx Cy , Cy Cx
c = 1
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Nominal "two way" concrete shear strength per unit area in slabs and footings, expressed as a function of effective depth d. Since piers or columns are at the center of the pile cap they are considered "interior" columns for calculating two way shear, and s is equal to 40. (ACI 318 11.12.2.1, Eqs. (11-36), (11-37) and (11-38)):
s 40 4 2 + c s d vcp ( (d) ) min kv ( ) bo (d) 4
f'c_max psi psi
Function V1(d) computes a vector with elements equal to 0 if the pile produces shear on the critical section and 1 if it does not:
C x + d dp C y + d dp |x'| V1 ( | |y'| | | (d) ) | 2 2

Function V2(d) computes a vector with elements equal to 1 if the full reaction of the pile produces shear on the critical section and 0 if it does not:
C x + d + dp C y + d + dp V2 ( |x'| | |y'| | + | >0 (d) ) | 2 2

Function V3(d) computes a vector with elements equal to 1 if a portion of the pile reaction produces shear on the critical section and 0 if it does not:
V3 ( (d) ) 1 V1 ( (d) ) V2 ( (d) )
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Function V4(d) computes a vector with elements equal to the the larger difference between the x' or y' pile coordinate and the corresponding distance to the shear section minus half the pile diameter or 0 ft.
Cx + d dp Cx + d dp Cy + d dp C y + d d p |x'| | |x'| | |y'| | |y'| | V4 ( > 0 ft | + V3 ( > 0 ft | (d) ) V3 ( (d) ) | (d) ) | 2 2 2 2

Shear Vup(d) on the peripheral shear section at distance d/2 from the face of the pier, expressed as a function of d (ACI 318, 15.5.3):
V4 ( (d) ) Vup ( (d) ) V2 ( (d) ) + qu dp

Guess value of d:
d dbm
Vup ( (d) ) d'per ( v vcp ( (d) ) root (d) ) , d (d) )d bo ( d'per if (d) ) Cx + dbm X + Cy + dbm Y , dbm , d'per ( d'per = 19.816 in
Minimum depth for peripheral shear dper:
dper if Cx + d'per X + Cy + d'per Y , dbm , d'per dper = 19.816 in
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If either dimension of the critical shear section is greater than the corresponding pile cap dimension, peripheral shear is not critical and the depth for peripheral shear is defined as equal to the depth required for one-way shear. Calculation to determine the minimum required depth for deep beam shear dbm2 (ACI 318, 11.8, using Eq. (11-30) for shear strength)
Shear spans in the X and Y directions are one-half the distances between the closest pile row and the face of the pier (See ACI 318, Chapter 11 Notation, and 11.8):
0.5 ax = 0.25 ft
0.5 ay = 0.813 ft
Moment and shear in the X and Y directions on the critical shear sections at distance 0.5ax and 0.5ay from the face of the pier (ACI 318, 15.5.3):
Cx My + 0.5 ax = 465 kip ft 2

Page 27 of 41
Cx Vux + 0.5 ax = 356.5 kip 2
Cy Mx + 0.5 ay = 302.25 kip ft 2
Cy Vuy + 0.5 ay = 372 kip 2

Ratios of moment to shear Rx and Ry, at the critical sections for deep beam shear in the X and Y directions:
Cx My + 0.5 ax 2 Rx Cx Vux + 0.5 ax 2 Cy Mx + 0.5 ay 2 Ry Cy Vuy + 0.5 ay 2

Multipliers for use in ACI 318, Eq. (11-30):
Rx = 1.304 ft
Ry = 0.813 ft
Rx Rx Rx KX ( (d) ) if 3.5 2.5 < 1 , 1 , if 3.5 2.5 > 2.5 , 2.5 , 3.5 2.5 d d d
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Ry Ry R y KY ( (d) ) if 3.5 2.5 < 1 , 1 , if 3.5 2.5 > 2.5 , 2.5 , 3.5 2.5 d d d
Nominal deep beam shear stress at factored load in the X and Y directions (ACI 318, 11.8.7, Eq. (11-30)) with w conservatively assumed equal to minimum temperature reinforcement, temp:
f'c d KX ( + 2500 temp psi (d) ) 1.9 Rx psi vcx ( (d) ) min f'c 6 psi psi f'c d KY ( ) 1.9 + psi d 2500 ( ) temp Ry psi vcy ( (d) ) min f'c 6 psi psi
Effective depth required in the X direction for deep beam shear: Guess value of d:
d dx
Cx Vux + 0.5 ax 2 d , d dbm2_x root Cx + 0.5 ax v vcx ( (d) ) if N 3 , Y , Y3 2 dbm2_x = 21.381 in vcx dbm2_x = 210.9 psi
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Effective depth required in the Y direction for deep beam shear: Guess value of d:
d dy
Cy Vuy + 0.5 ay 2 d , d dbm2_y root Cy v vcy ( (d) ) if N 3 , X , X3 + 0.5 ay 2 dbm2_y = 16.556 in vcy dbm2_y = 259.2 psi
Depth required for deep beam shear is the larger value of dbm2:
d dbm2 max bm2_x dbm2_y dbm2 = 21.381 in
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Solution to determine the minimum required depth for beam shear or peripheral shear for one corner pile, dcor
Critical Section for Beam Shear for 1 corner pile Required depth for beam shear for one corner pile Guess value of d:
Critical Section for Peripheral Shear for 1 corner pile
d 1 ft
qu dcor_1 root d , d 2 E v vc dp + 2 d + 2 dcor_1 = 14.515 in

Required depth for peripheral shear for one corner pile Nominal "two way" concrete shear strength per unit area in slabs and footings, expressed as a function of effective depth d. For a corner pile s is equal to 20. Since c is 1 for piles in this application, ACI 318 Eq. (11-36) is not critical (ACI 318, 11.12.2.1, Eqs. (11-37) and (11-38)):
Page 31 of 41
s 20
bo ( + 2 E (d) ) dp + d 4
s d f'c_max + 2 psi vcp ( k ) (d) ) min bo ( d ( ) v psi 4 qu dcor_2 root d , d (d) ) (d) ) v vcp ( bo ( dcor_2 = 12.507 in
Depth required for one corner pile is the larger value of dcor:
d dcor max cor_1 dcor_2

Depth required for a single interior pile, done
dcor = 14.515 in
Nominal "two way" concrete shear strength per unit area for one interior pile, expressed as a function of effective depth d. For an interior pile s is equal to 40 Since c is 1 for piles in this application ACI 318 Eq. (11-36) is not critical. (ACI 318 11.12.2.1, Eqs. (11-37) and (11-38)):
s 40
bo ( (d) ) dp + d
s d f'c_max + 2 vcp ( psi k (d) ) min bo ( v (d) ) psi 4

Page 32 of 41
done root ( d) ) d v vcp ( (d) ) qu , d bo ( done = 10.126 in
Depth required for two interior piles, dtwo Nominal "two way" concrete shear strength per unit area for two interior piles, expressed as a function of effective depth d. For interior piles s is equal to 40 (ACI 318, 11.12.2.1, Eqs. (11-37) and (11-38)):
s 40 s + d + dp c ( (d) ) dp + d bo ( (d) ) (2 s + d) ) dp + d +( 4 2 + (d) ) c ( s d vcp ( (d) ) min + 2 kv ( ) bo (d) 4
f'c_max psi psi
Depth, dtwo, required for two adjacent piles is equal to done unless overlapping shear perimeters require a greater depth when spacing s is less than done + dp:
dtwo if (d) ) d (d) ) 2 q u , d dp + done s , done , root bo ( v vcp ( dtwo = 10.126 in

Page 33 of 41
Minimum thickness for a footing on piles (ACI 318, 15.7):
dmin 12 in
Minimum required effective depth, de Largest effective depth determined by flexure, one-way beam shear, peripheral shear, deep beam shear, shear on a single corner pile, a single interior pile, two adjacent piles, or the minimum thickness required for a footing on piles de:
df 11.735 dbm 21.171 dper 19.816 dbm2 21.381 in = d 14.515 cor 10.126 done d 10.126 two 12.000 d min
df dbm dper d de max bm2 dcor done d two dmin
de = 21.381 in
Solution to determine the largest permissible reinforcing bar sizes Maximum available lengths in the X direction for development of reinforcement:
X Cx Ldx 3 in 2
Ldx = 3 ft
Page 34 of 41
Maximum available lengths in the Y direction for development of reinforcement. The available development length for the 3-pile group is calculated from face of pier to the pile at the apex of the group:
Cy 2 s2 + E Y Cy 3 2 Ldy if N 3 , 3 in , sin ( 2 () )
Ldy = 2.625 ft
Index numbers of maximum bar sizes determined by available development lengths:
index 0
0
index bx = 8
0n
if ldt Ldx , n , index 0 n
bx index
index 0
0
index by = 8
0n
if ldt Ldy , n , index 0 n
by index
Sizes of the largest permissible reinforcing bars for the X and Y directions. Since the 3-pile group uses three equal bands of reinforcement the maximum bar size is defined as the smaller bar size for either the X or Y direction:
bx BarSize_X if N 3 , bx , min by bx BarSize_X bx BarSize_Y if N 3 , by , min by
BarSize_X = 8 db = 1 in
bx
BarSize_Y = 8
Page 35 of 41
by BarSize_Y
Total pile cap thickness rounded up to the nearest multiple of SzF:
db = 1 in
by
de + db + 0.5 db + cl + e bx by h SzF ceil SzF

Pile cap weight:
h = 30 in
CapWt CapArea h wrc
CapWt = 24.703 kip
Calculation to determine the required number of reinforcing bars in the X and Y directions Effective depths in the X and Y directions:
dex h e cl 0.5 db
bx
dex = 22.5 in dey = 21.5 in
dey h e cl db 0.5 db
bx
by
Total required flexural reinforcement area in the X direction:
Asx_flex Yf dex 1 Asx_flex = 5.646 in 2
Cx 2 My 0.85 f'c 2 1 fy f Yf dex 2 0.85 f'c
Page 36 of 41
Minimum required reinforcement area for shrinkage and temperature in the X direction (ACI 318, 7.12):
Asx_temp temp h Y
Larger required reinforcement in the X direction:
Asx_temp = 5.022 in 2
A Asx max sx_flex Asx_temp
Asx = 5.646 in 2
Total required reinforcement area for flexure in the Y direction:
Asy_flex if N 2 , Xf dey 1 Asy_flex = 6.414 in 2
Cy 2 Mx 0.85 f'c 2 2 1 , 0 in fy f Xf dey 2 0.85 f'c
Minimum required reinforcement area for shrinkage and temperature in the Y direction (ACI 318, 7.12):
Asy_temp temp h X
Larger required reinforcement in the Y direction:
Asy_temp = 5.508 in 2
A Asy max sy_flex Asy_temp
Asy = 6.414 in 2
Page 37 of 41
Minimum number of bars to limit spacing of reinforcement to 18 inches (ACI 318, 7.6.5):
Y 6 in MinNumb_X ceil + 0.5 18 in X 6 in MinNumb_Y ceil + 0.5 18 in
MinNumb_X = 6
MinNumb_Y = 6
Maximum bar areas corresponding to minimum specified spacing:
Asx MinA_x MinNumb_X Asy MinA_y MinNumb_Y
MinA_x = 0.941 in 2
MinA_y = 1.069 in 2
Index numbers of bar sizes determined by minimum specified spacing:
index 0
0
index
0n
if Ab MinA_x , n , index 0 n
ax index
ax = 8
index 0
0
index
0n
if Ab MinA_y , n , index 0 n
ay index
ay = 9
Page 38 of 41
Actual bar sizes in the X and Y directions. Bar sizes in the X and Y directions (the smaller bar area determined by the required total reinforcement or the specified minimum spacing). The bar size in the Y direction of the 2-pile group is set at 3:
Cx BarSixe_X if My 0 kip ft + ( (ax bx) ) , ax , bx 2 BarSixe_X = 8 Cy BarSize_Y if N 2 , if Mx 0 kip ft + ( (ay by) ) , ay , by , 3 2 BarSize_Y = 8
Subscript variables cx and cy defined as the bar sizes in the X and Y directions, respectively:
cx BarSize_X
cy BarSize_Y
Adjustments required in reinforcement areas for the 3-pile group In the the 3-pile group the reinforcement is customarily placed in 3 bands of equal area, over the pile centers. Because the bands are at an angle to the axes of bending the reinforcement areas must be adjusted accordingly. Total required reinforcement area in each of 3 bands for the 3-pile group:
Asx Asy Asx Asy , , Asx if N 3 , Asx , if > () ) 1 + cos ( () ) 2 sin ( () ) 1 + cos ( () ) 2 sin ( Asx = 5.646 in 2
Page 39 of 41
Asy if N 3 , Asy , Asx Asy = 6.414 in 2

Number of bars required in the X and Y directions. The number of bars in Y direction of the 2-pile group is set at a multiple of 18 inches:
Asx Numb_X ceil Abcx Asy X Numb_Y if N 2 , ceil , ceil 18 in Abcy

Summary Computed Variables Combined load factor for dead and live load: Total service load capacity of the piles and the pile cap: Total factored load capacity of the piles and the pile cap: Number of reinforcing bars in the X direction:
Numb_X = 8
Numb_Y = 9
F = 1.55
Ps = 640 kip
Pu = 992 kip
Numb_X = 8
Page 40 of 41
Bar size in the X direction: Number of reinforcing bars in the Y direction: Bar size in the Y direction:
BarSize_X = 8 Numb_Y = 9 BarSize_Y = 8
The number and size of reinforcing bars for the 3-pile group is shown as equal in the X and Y directions. The reinforcement for the 3-pile group consists of three equal bands over the three centerlines of the piles, with the number and size of bars of the bars in each band equal to that shown for the X and Y directions. Longer dimension of the pile cap: Shorter dimension of the pile cap: Total pile footing thickness: Total pile cap weight: User Notices
X = 8.5 ft Y = 7.75 ft h = 30 in CapWt = 24.703 kip
Equations and numeric solutions presented in this Mathcad worksheet are applicable to the
specific example, boundary condition or case presented in the book. Although a reasonable effort was made to generalize these equations, changing variables such as loads, geometries and spans, materials and other input parameters beyond the intended range may make some equations no longer applicable. Modify the equations as appropriate if your parameters fall outside of the intended range. For this Mathcad worksheet, the global variable defining the beginning index identifier for vectors and arrays, ORIGIN, is set as specified in the beginning of the worksheet, to either 1 or 0. If ORIGIN is set to 1 and you copy any of the formulae from this worksheet into your own, you need to ensure that your worksheet is using the same ORIGIN.
Page 41 of 41

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f'c 4 ksi fy 60 ksi wc 145 pcf wrc 150 pcf

Es 29000 ksi c 0.003 f 0.9 v 0.85

Reinforcing bar number designations, diameters, and areas:

x' T = [ [ 3 0 3 1.5 1.5 3 0 3 ] ] ft y' y

y' T = [ [ 2.625 2.625 2.625 0.000 0.000 2.625 2.625 2.625 ] ] ft

y_face T = [ [ 1.625 1.625 1.625 2.625 2.625 1.625 1.625 1.625 ] ] ft

Cx ax if max ( , 0 ft , min ( (x_abs) ) (x_face) ) 2 Cy ay if max ( (y_abs) ) , 0 ft , min ( (y_face) ) 2

N N FX ( (N) ) max x min x +2E N N FY ( (N) ) max y min y +2E

Dimensions A and B for the 3-pile group rounded up to a multiple of SzD:

1 1 2 E ( ) ) tan ( () ) sin ( A SzD ceil SzD

1 1 () ) E 1 + tan ( () ) sin ( B SzD ceil SzD

FX ( (3) )A ( CapArea if N 3 , X Y , FX ( (FY ( (3) ) FY ( (3) ) (3) ) B) ) 2 CapArea = 65.875 ft 2

f'c psi psi

Strain in reinforcement at yield stress:

200 lbf min fy in 2

Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement ratio (ACI 318, 7.12.2.1):

Preferred reinforcement ratio:

fy K( fy () ) f 1 2 0.85 f'c K( () ) = 0.523 ksi

f'c_max if f'c > 10 ksi , 10 ksi , f'c

f'c_max psi psi

n 3 11 fy X2 0.03 db n n f'c_max psi psi

fy X1 0.04 Ab n n f'c_max lbf

fy in 2 ldbt 0.085 14 f'c_max lbf fy in 2 ldbt 0.125 18 f'c_max lbf

No. 18 bars Solution Service load:

Combined load factor for dead + live load:

1.4 + 1.7 R F 1+R

Factored load Pu:

The longer dimension of the pile cap:

x' T = [ [ 3 0 3 1.5 1.5 3 0 3 ] ] ft

y' T = [ [ 2.625 2.625 2.625 0 0 2.625 2.625 2.625 ] ] ft

My ( (x2) ) qu if x'i x2 , 0 ft , x'i x2 i

Mx ( (y2) ) qu if y'i y2 , 0 ft , y'i y2 i

dp x' + x2 C x dp i dp dp 2 q Vux ( + , 0 , if x' x2 + , 1 , if x' x2 , 0 , (x2) ) if x'i u i i d 2 2 2 2 i p

dp y' + y2 Cy dp i dp dp 2 q Vuy ( (y2) ) if y'i + , 0 , if y'i y2 + , 1 , if y'i y2 , 0 , u d 2 2 2 2 i p

XA X3 ( (y2) )A+( (E + max ( (y') ) y2) ) YB

Cy Vuy ( Cy Vuy ( C y (y2) ) (y2) ) dy3 ( < y2 , , y2 (y2) ) if y2 , 0 ft , if 2 2 v vc X3 ( 2 (y2) ) (y2) ) v vc X3 (

Cx Vux ( Cx Vux ( Cx (x2) ) (x2) ) dx3 ( , 0 ft , if < x2 , , x2 (x2) ) if x2 2 2 v vc Y3 ( 2 (x2) ) (x2) ) v vc Y3 (

d 1 ft dp d max ( (x') )+ 2 Cx Vux + d 2 d Cx v vc Y3 + d 2 dx3_d ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )

d 1 ft dp d max ( (y') )+ 2 Cy Vuy + d 2 d Cy v vc X3 + d 2 dy3_d ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )

d 1 ft dp d max ( (x') )+ 2 Cx Vux + d 2 d v vc Y dx ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )

Minimum required depth in the Y direction at distance d from face of pier:

d 1 ft dp d max ( (y') )+ 2 Cy Vuy + d 2 d v vc X dy ( (d) ) Find ( (d) )

d p y') dy3 max ( ) ( dy if N 3 , dy ( (d) ) , max 2 dy3_d ( ) (d) dy = 19.015 in

d p x') dx3 max ( ) ( dx if N 3 , dx ( (d) ) , max 2 ( ) d d x3_d ( ) dx = 21.171 in

s 40 4 2 + c s d vcp ( (d) ) min kv ( ) bo (d) 4

f'c_max psi psi

C x + d dp C y + d dp |x'| V1 ( | |y'| | | (d) ) | 2 2

C x + d + dp C y + d + dp V2 ( |x'| | |y'| | + | >0 (d) ) | 2 2

V3 ( (d) ) 1 V1 ( (d) ) V2 ( (d) )

Cx + d dp Cx + d dp Cy + d dp C y + d d p |x'| | |x'| | |y'| | |y'| | V4 ( > 0 ft | + V3 ( > 0 ft | (d) ) V3 ( (d) ) | (d) ) | 2 2 2 2

V4 ( (d) ) Vup ( (d) ) V2 ( (d) ) + qu dp

dper if Cx + d'per X + Cy + d'per Y , dbm , d'per dper = 19.816 in

Cx My + 0.5 ax = 465 kip ft 2

Cx Vux + 0.5 ax = 356.5 kip 2

Cy Mx + 0.5 ay = 302.25 kip ft 2

Cy Vuy + 0.5 ay = 372 kip 2

Cx My + 0.5 ax 2 Rx Cx Vux + 0.5 ax 2 Cy Mx + 0.5 ay 2 Ry Cy Vuy + 0.5 ay 2

d dbm2 max bm2_x dbm2_y dbm2 = 21.381 in

Critical Section for Peripheral Shear for 1 corner pile

qu dcor_1 root d , d 2 E v vc dp + 2 d + 2 dcor_1 = 14.515 in

d dcor max cor_1 dcor_2