AQUATIC - DRIL PIPE COMPANY "ADP LLC

Oil and Gas Alumimium Alloy Tubular Goods

Light Alloy Drill Pipe of Improved Dependability

Moscow 2013

Features and advantages of aluminium alloys application for the manufacturing of drill pipes.
I.

ADP LLC offers:

Light-alloy aluminium drill pipes of Services in design of drill strings

improved dependability (LAIDP); containing aluminium drill pipes; Practical recommendations for application while drilling deep, ultra-deep, of LAIDP wells. While drilling deep, ultra-deep and especially horizontal wells it is extremely important to ensure high operational reliability of drill string, to reduce its stress-strain state and to ensure trouble-free operation at extreme loads and high temperatures. Drill string assembly and its weight significantly affect the technical and economic parameters of well drilling process, the behavior of resisting forces and specify the level of load in the parts of a drilling rig. Aluminum alloys possess several valuable physical and mechanical properties that favorably distinguish them from steels which are a traditional material in drill pipe production. The following should be referred to the basic properties of aluminium alloys: of Low specific weight; Reduced modulus of longitudinal elasticity Workability in pipe production using extrusion Corrosion resistance and in aggressive resistance

vertical, directional and horizontal oil and gas

and shear; process; environment and, first of all, in 2S and 2; Non-magnetic vibration properties; High rate of weigh reduction in solutions various density; Easy drill-out process (i.e. possibility to remove by drill bits and mills).

These properties of aluminium

alloys

Very often the

drillers share the

erroneous

specify the basic efficiency in LAIDP application in drill strings while constructing oil and gas wells. Low specific gravity provides loading, which, in turn, results friction forces. essential reduction in drill string weight, reduces the lateral in decrease of It is well-known, that the basic of axial loads

opinion, that higher strength properties of steel pipes compared to the same with aluminium ones provide an opportunity to apply higher axial loads and torque to the stuck-in well section. This statement is fair, but only with depths of up to 3000 3500 m (9840 - 11480 ft). With higher depths the capacity of steel pipes strength is spent to overcome the forces related to its own weight and friction. In ultra long wells only the use of LAIDP enables to apply higher load and torque to the stuck-in section. Modules of longitudinal elasticity and shear for aluminium alloys, which characterize material plasticity, level of applied stresses and its resistance against alternating bending loads, is almost three times less than with steel. This gives possibility, while using LAIDP, to reduce the general level of stresses in drill string, increase the level of pipe fatigue resistance and to ensure the possibility of drilling wells with small borehole radius. The significant advantage of LAIDP application is the corrosion resistance of aluminium alloys in aggressive environments and, first of all, the ones containing 2S and 2. The results of lab tests conducted resistance to evaluate corrosion

limitations in reaching maximum length of ultra long wells are the high values during drill string POOH and sticking elimination by power methods, high torque during drill string rotation and complexity in providing designed WOB while drilling, due to high friction forces. Taking into account the weight of the steel tool joint, LAIDP in air is almost 2.5 times lighter than a steel pipe of similar type and size. In a drill mud due to the effect of weight reduction factor, this difference is even bigger. At the same time LAIDPs strength properties are only 1.5 times

lower than the properties of similar steel pipes. This difference in weight parameters, in friction forces and in strength also defines the basic efficiency of LAIDP application. So, e.g., while drilling a deep deviated well at the design depth of 8000 m the design POOH force is equal to 2605 N (585627 lbf), (248189 lbf). The torque with steel pipes while with the the steel

combined string containing LAIDP its only 1104 N to rotate string at 80 RPM is equal to 23.2 Nm (17111 lbfft), as with LAIDP equals to 12.2 Nm (8998 lbf-ft).

of aluminium alloys in solutions with various pH values, as well as in conditions of complete solution saturation with 2S are Table 1. presented in

Table 1. Aluminium Alloy Corrosion Resistance (corrosion rate in g/m2 per hour). Type of alloy Alcaline Medium pH 11 (5 % NaCl + NaOH) Neutral Medium pH 7(5 % NaCl) Acid Medium pH 2,5(5 % NaCl +0,5 % H3COOH) H2S till complete saturation D16 0.49 0.01 0.05 No corrosion 19531 0.21 0.02 0.04

Taking into account the fact that LAIDP has a steel joint and the fact that steel is known as a subject to corrosion in 2S environment, there is a question on stability of LAIDP in these conditions. No doubt, LAIDP steel joints are also subject to corrosion, but LAIDP application practice while drilling in high H2S environment has shown, that in these conditions the steel joints are corroded at a significantly lesser rate, than with steel pipe. It is rather difficult to explain this phenomenon, but there is an assumption that aluminium pipe carries out a role of anode protector for the pipe steel tool joint, which reduces the level of its corrosion damage. Physical and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys are presented in table 2. Non-magnetic and vibration resistance properties of aluminium alloys allow to apply Light Alloy Integral Joint Drill Pipe (LAIJP) in the lower section of a drill string to perform magnetic geophysical studies without drill string POOH. The application of thick-walled LAIDP in BHA

together with steel pipes reduces general level of BH vibrations. Besides, heavy-wall integral joint drill pipes of aluminium alloys are used as nonmagnetic housings for telemetry systems and as non-magnetic drill collars. During drilling operations it becomes necessary to set cement bridges and to install casing liners with drill pipes. While performing these operations the cement slurry in many cases comes above the drill string shoe and sticks it in the well. The operation to pull out the stuck-in drill string is a long one and is referred to as a well problem. Usually this problem is eliminated by drillingout (milling) of the stuck pipe section by specific mills. In case LAIJPs were used for cementing the lower section of drill string, this problem becomes significantly simpler, since aluminium pipes may be easily drilled out by an ordinary roller cone bit at ROP 15-20 m/hr.

Table 2. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys Used for LAIDP Production.

Characteristics System and type of alloy Ultimate strength, min Yield strength, min (0.2 % shear method) Design density Relative elongation, min Relative reduction of area, min Elasticity modulus: -E -G

Units Al-Cu-Mg D16T MPa (Psi) MPa (Psi) Kg/m3 (lbf/ft3) % % MPa (Psi) x 105

Parameters Al-Zn-Mg 19531 530 (75 300) 480 (68 200) 2820 (176) 7 14-15 0,70 (99) 0,28 (39) 120

460 (65 300) 325 (46 150) 2780 (173) 12 18-20 0,72 (102) 0,26 (37) 160

Operation temperature, allowable

II. LAIDP Application

LAIDP are used for drilling oil and gas vertical, directional and horizontal wells using mud motors, rotary and combined drilling procedures. The growth in well depth during the drilling phase reduces the time share for deepening the bottom-hole and increases the timing for trip operations for replacement of rock-destructing tools. This also complicates the control of well problems and makes the emergency fishing jobs more complicated. In these conditions the application of LAIDP gives the greatest effect. Application of LAIDP with improved resistance to alternating loads and high corrosion resistance considerably simplifies the objective to drill deep and ultra long wells and increases the efficiency of drilling process. LAIDP were successfully tested at Kola, Urals, Krivoy Rog and other super-deep wells in conditions of extreme loading of drill string and reliability. At present more than 500 000 meters (1 430 000 ft) of LAIDP are successfully operated in Western Siberia in drilling inclined and horizontal wells. showed high

III. LAIDP Design

ADP LLC has developed the production of the complete range of drill pipes according to ISO 15546. The following is used in manufacturing of LAIDP: Aluminium blank pipes of alloys D16 or Pipe tool joints of steel 40F or 40N2 19531 with threads corresponding to API standard Base pipe length is equal to 12200 mm (40 ft); upon the Customers demand it can be reduced down to 8300-9600 mm (27.2-31.2 ft). LAIDP are produced with internal and external upset ends as well as protective thickening in the middle of the pipe body in order to reduce the intensive pipe wear.

Light Alloy Drill Pipe

Fig. 1. Dependability upsets Light Alloy Drillwith Pipeexternal of Improved Fig. 2. Light Alloy Drill Pipe of Improved Dependability with internal upsets.

Fig. 3. Light Alloy Drill Pipe of Improved Dependability with protective thickening.

Table 3. Specification of LAIDP produced by ADP LLC

Value of Parameter Parameters 90X9

Pipe length, mm (ft) Wall thickness, mm (in): - main body - upset ends Nominal diameters, mm (in): - OD of pipe body - ID of pipe body - EU (OD) /IU (ID) Tool joint dimensions, mm (in): - OD - ID Weight of pipe & TJ in air, kg (lb) Thread type Tensile ultimate load, N (kips) - D16T alloy - 1953T1 alloy Ultimate Torque, kN*m (klbf-ft) - D16T alloy - 1953T1 alloy Maximum internal pressure, MPa (psi) - D16T alloy - 1953T1 alloy Maximum external pressure, MPa (psi) - D16T alloy - 1953T1 alloy

LAIDP Pipes with internal upset 1039 114X10 12911 14711 14713
12 000 (39.4) 10 16
(0.394 ) (0.630)

LAIDP Pipes with external upset 16813

9 000 (29.5)

13113
9 200 (30.2) 13 20
(0.433) (0.787)

16811
8 800 (29) 11 (0.433) 19.5 (0.768)

9 000 (29.5) 9 (0.354) 16 (0.630) 9 (0.354) 16 (0.630)

11 (0.433) 17 (0.669)

11 17

(0.433) (0.669)

13 20

(0.433) (0.787)

13 20

(0.433) (0.787)

91 73 59

(3.583) (2.874) (2.323)

103 (4.055) 85 (3.346) 71 (2.795)

116 (4.567) 96 (3.780) 84 (3.307)

129 (5.079) 107 (4.213) 95 (3.740)

147 125 113

(5.787) (4.921) (4.449)

147 121 107

(5.787) (4.764) (4.213)

168 142 127

(6.625) (5.759) (5.000)

131 (5.157) 105 (4.134) 147 (5.827)

168 (6.614) 146 (5.748) 185 (7.283)

108 (4.252) 54 (2.126) 73.6

(177.3)

120.6 (5.000) 70 (2.559) 94.3

(213.7)

152.4 (6.000) 84 (3.300) 133

(293)

158.8 (6.378) 95 (3.740) 185

(346.9)

178 105 209.6

(7.000) (4.134)

178 105 243

(7.000) (4.134)

203 127 222.3

(8.000) (5.000)

178 105 189

(7.000) (4.134)

195 145 192

(7.677) (5.708)

(396.5)

(442.7)

(550.7)

(417)

(7.560)

NC31

NC38

NC46

NC50

FH-5

FH-5

6 5/8 FH

FH-5

MK-175

753 1112

(169.4) (250.2)

863 1275

(194.2) (286.8)

1082 1598

(243.2) (359.2)

1325 1956

(297.8) (440.1)

1527 2255

(343.4) (507.2)

1778 2626

(400.0) (590.6)

2056 3037

(462.5) (683.1)

1565 2312

(352.1) (520.1)

1763(396.3) 2604(585.4)

12,9 19,1

(9.51) (14.05)

17.1 25.3

(12.63) (18.65)

24.2 35.8

(17.85) (26.40)

33.0 48.8

(24.36) (35.98)

44.3 65.4

(32.66) (48.24)

50.3 74.3

(37.03) (54.68)

67.8 100.2

(50.02) (73.88)

38.6 (28.45) 57 (42.01)

59.5 87.9

(43.89) (64.83)

56,3 (8000) 83,1 (11816)

49.7 73.4

(7068) (10439)

49.0 (7106) 72.4 (10500)

48.5 71.6

(6898) (10187)

42.6 62.9

(6053) (8940)

49.3 72.9

(7154) (10566)

44.0 65.0

(6260) (9245)

56.4 83.4

(8027) (12096)

37.0 55.0

(5366) (7977)

54,4 (7751) 75 (10667)

45.7 61.2

(6500) (8704)

46.0 61.6

(6672) (8934)

44.1 58.6

(6272) (8335)

35.9 45.8

(5106) (6514)

46.5 62.5

(6614) (8889)

37.9 48.9

(5390) (6955)

54.6 75.4

(7766) (10724)

28.3 34.4

(4105) (4989)

Based on the successful results of field tests the Permission for LAIDP application was issued by Russian state Mining Engineering Supervision (GOSGORTEKHNADZOR). The experience of ADP LLC in designing, production and application of aluminium drill pipes has become the basis for the international standard ISO 15546 Aluminium Alloy Drill Pipes for Oil and Gas Industry, which has come in force in 2002. Another standard ISO 20312 Design and operating limits of drill strings with aluminium alloy components shall be in force in 2009.

IV. Advantages of LAIDP

To connect blank pipe with tool-joint LAIDP uses trapezoidal thread () with tapered stabilizing shoulder and stop-face. Pipe tool joint connection provides guaranteed interference in the thread, stabilizing shoulder and stop-face due to hot-temperature assembly. Tapered stabilizing shoulder partly relives the thread stresses and increases the fatigue resistance parameters of pipe-tool joint connection. Generalization and analysis of extensive LAIDP practical application have allowed to reveal essential technical and economic advantages of their use in comparison with steel pipes: Increase in drilling depths from drill rigs of identical load capacity; Reduction in stress-strain state of drill string; Reduction of tripping time; Reduction of power consumption to drill a well caused not only by significant drop in weight of a drill string, but also by improved (if compared to steel drill pipes) LAIDP hydraulic characteristics, as well as by reduction in operating costs due to the decrease of the expense of fuel and lube consumption, ropes, braking pads, time reduction required to repair drilling rig equipment; Reduction in transportation costs especially while transporting the pipes to remote locations; Improvement of working conditions. drill crew

ADP LLC together with Serov Mechanical Plant carries out industrial manufacturing and commercial supply of LAIDP to Russian drilling companies since 2004. Since that time the scope of production has grown by times up to 12,000 15,000 pipes per year, allowing the company to win an essential share of Russian drill pipe market. Along with the distribution of pipes ADP LLC provides the following extra services: choice of rational pipe size-type as per the Clients needs; calculation and recommendations for drill string assembly, development of practical recommendations for drill pipes operation. Serov Mechanical Plant has received international certification - Certificate # SICA 2007-02 on conformity of the manufactured products to ISO 15546.

ADPLLC 4/10,Stepana Supruna Street, Moscow, Russia 125167

Phone/Fax: +7 (495) 614-0104 E-mail: abt@akvatik-dp.ru www.akvatik-dp.ru