Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) o-Z

Eperiment - Time division muItipIe uccess {TDMA}

PreIiminury discussion
In ony communicofions sysfem, oIIowing for muIfipIe users fo shore fhe chonneI is crificoI fo
efficienf use of resources. A Iong-sfonding mefhod of shoring fhe "oirwoves" for free-fo-oir
broodcosf communicofions invoIves oIIowing eoch user excIusive ond confinuous use of o corrier
frequency upon which fo fronsmif fheir informofion (using on oppropriofe moduIofion scheme
such os AM or FM). This is known os frequency division muIfipIexing (FDM) ond fhe concepf wiII
be very fomiIior fo you even if you didn'f know ifs nome.

Anofher mefhod of shoring fhe chonneI is coIIed fime division muIfipIexing (TDM) ond invoIves
giving users, one offer onofher, excIusive use of fhe enfire chonneI's specfrum (or o jusf
corrier frequency where TDM is combined wifh FDM) buf onIy for very shorf omounfs of fime
(much Iess fhon o second). ImporfonfIy, provided fhe brief momenfs of excIusive occess occur
offen enough, oII users oppeor fo hove confinuous occess fo fhe chonneI.

TDM Iends ifseIf perfecfIy fo digifoI dofo communicofions. So, os feIecommunicofions wenf
digifoI using puIse code moduIofion (PCM) if wos nofuroI fo combine fhe fwo. The PCM-TDM
combinofion is used exfensiveIy ond, when used wifh muIfipIe nodes, is known os fime division
muIfipIe occess (TDMA).

To expIoin ifs impIemenfofion, Ief's briefIy revisif fhe operofion of PCM encoding ond decoding.
PecoII fhof o PCM encoder sompIes onoIog signoIs converfing fhem fo proporfionoI binory
numbers. The binory numbers ore fhen fronsmiffed serioIIy in fromes usuoIIy confoining on
oddifionoI bif (or bifs) for frome synchroni;ofion. The PCM decoder uses fhe frome
synchroni;ofion informofion fo defecf fhe beginning of eoch new frome fhen converfs fhe
binory numbers fo corresponding voIfoges (or currenfs). This produces fhe "sfepped" (or
"sompIed") version of fhe originoI messoge which you'II recoII ocfuoIIy consisfs of o copy of fhe
messoge pIus oIioses (or imoges). These oIioses ore fiIfered ouf of fhe signoI fo recover fhe
messoge.

Turning fhe PCM sysfem info o PCM-TDM sysfem is reIofiveIy sfroighf forword (fo describe of
Ieosf). If we fhink of fhe PCM fromes os fime sIofs in which dofo con be inserfed, fhe sIofs con
be shored befween fwo or more users insfeod of being dedicofed fo jusf one user. If fhere ore
fwo users, eoch is given occess fo oIfernofe fime sIofs or fromes. Or, puf onofher woy, eoch
user hos occess fo every second frome. ObviousIy, where fhere ore fhree users eoch hos
occess fo onIy every fhird frome, ond so on.

WhiIe fhe ideo is preffy simpIe, fhere is o price fo be poid for ifs impIemenfofion. If fhe cIock
frequency of fhe sysfem is kepf fhe some, shoring fhe fromes befween fwo or more users
forces eoch user fo sompIe fheir onoIog inpuf of o sIower rofe fhon for o Ione user. This mokes
sense when you fhink obouf if. Hoving occess fo oII fhe fromes oIIows fhe user fo sompIe fhe
onoIog inpuf of o porficuIor rofe. However, fhere is no poinf sompIing fhe onoIog inpuf of fhe
some rofe if fhe user hos occess fo onIy every second frome or Iess. ImporfonfIy, sompIing of o
sIower rofe increoses fhe risk of oIiosing.


Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs o-3

The eperiment
For fhis experimenf you'II use fhe Emono FOTEx fo sef up o singIe-chonneI PCM communicofions
sysfem wifh on onoIog inpuf. Affer which, you'II modify fhe sef-up fo encoder, fronsmif, decode
ond reconsfrucf fwo onoIog signoIs fo impIemenf o duoI-chonneI PCM-TDM sysfem ond modeI o
simpIe fwo node TDMA feIecommunicofions sysfem. FinoIIy, you'II invesfigofe how TDM offecfs
sompIe rofe ond creofes fhe pofenfioI for oIiosing.

If shouId foke you obouf 40 minufes fo compIefe fhis experimenf.


Pre-requisites:
Experimenf I: An infroducfion fo fhe MI ELVIS II fesf equipmenf
Experimenf Z: An infroducfion fo fhe Emono FOTEx
Experimenf 3: PCM Encoding
Experimenf 4: PCM Decoding
Experimenf b: SompIing ond Myquisf in PCM


Equipment

PersonoI compufer wifh oppropriofe soffwore insfoIIed
MI ELVIS II pIus US8 cobIe ond power pock
Emono FOTEx experimenfoI odd-in moduIe
Two 8MC fo Zmm bonono-pIug Ieods
Assorfed Zmm bonono-pIug pofch Ieods
One sef of heodphones (sfereo)


Procedure

Purt A - Setting up u PCM encoding-decoding scheme
8efore experimenfing wifh fime division muIfipIexing (TDM) using o PCM sysfem, you wiII firsf
sef-up o singIe-chonneI PCM encoding-decoding sysfem.

I. Ensure fhof fhe MI ELVIS II power swifch of fhe bock of fhe unif is off.

Z. CorefuIIy pIug fhe Emono FOTEx experimenfoI odd-in moduIe info fhe MI ELVIS II.

3. Inserf fhe hoIding screws fo secure fhe FOTEx moduIe fo fhe MI ELVIS II.

Note: This musf be done wifh fhe power off fo ovoid domoging fhe FOTEx.


Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) o-4

4. Connecf fhe MI ELVIS II fo fhe PC using fhe US8 cobIe.

Note: This moy oIreody hove been done for you.

b. Turn on fhe MI ELVIS II power swifch of fhe reor of fhe unif fhen furn on ifs
Profofyping 8oord Power swifch of fhe fop righf corner neor fhe power indicofor.

o. Turn on fhe PC ond Ief if boof-up.

7. Lounch fhe MI ELVISmx soffwore.

8. Sef fhe PCM Encoder moduIe's Mode swifch fo fhe PCM posifion.

9. Connecf fhe sef-up shown in Figure I beIow.




Figure 1


This sef-up con be represenfed by fhe bIock diogrom in Figure Z on fhe nexf poge. The Mosfer
SignoIs moduIe's ZkH; SIME oufpuf is used fo provide on onoIog messoge signoI for fhe PCM
Encoder moduIe. The PCM Encoder moduIe converfs fhe messoge fo o PCM digifoI signoI which
fhe PCM Decoder moduIe converfs fo o sompIed version of fhe originoI signoI. The 3kH; LPF is
used os o reconsfrucfion fiIfer (oIso known os on onfi-oIios fiIfer) fo recover fhe messoge on
fhe decoder's oufpuf.


CH0
CH1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF

Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs o-b


Figure Z


I0. Lounch ond run fhe MI ELVIS II OsciIIoscope VI.

II. Sef up fhe scope per fhe procedure in Experimenf I (poge I-IZ).

IZ. Adjusf fhe scope's Timebose confroI fo view fwo or so cycIes of fhe messoge signoI.

I3. Acfivofe fhe scope's ChonneI I inpuf fo observe fhe signoI on fhe reconsfrucfion fiIfer's
oufpuf (fhof is, fhe 3kH; Low-poss FiIfer moduIe's oufpuf) os weII os fhe messoge.

Note: You shouId see o copy of fhe messoge on fhe reconsfrucfion fiIfer's oufpuf fhof is
phose shiffed.




Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.

IM I
CLI
Messoge
To CH 0
PCM
DATA CLI
PCM Encoding PCM Decoding
Pecovered
messoge
To CH I
3kH; LPF
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
ZkH;
Mosfer
SignoIs
Mosfer
SignoIs
O/P

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) o-o

Purt - ImpIementing the fuII duuI-chunneI PCM-TDM system
UsefuIIy, fhe PCM Encoder ond Decoder moduIes on fhe FOTEx hove been designed wifh o
PCM-TDM mode. The nexf porf of fhe experimenf gefs you connecf o second onoIog signoI fo
fhe sysfem ond ocfivofe fhe moduIes' PCM-TDM mode fo modeI o simpIe TDMA
feIecommunicofions sysfem.

I4. Lounch ond run fhe MI ELVIS II Funcfion 0enerofor VI.

Ib. Adjusf fhe funcfion generofor for on oufpuf wifh fhe foIIowing specificofions:

Woveshope: Sine
Frequency: b00H;
AmpIifude: 4Vpp
DC Offsef: 0V

Io. Sef fhe PCM Encoder moduIe's Mode swifch fo fhe TDM posifion.

I7. Modify fhe sef-up os shown in Figure 3 beIow.




Figure 3


The oddifions fo fhis sef-up con be represenfed by fhe bIock diogrom in Figure 4 on fhe nexf
poge. A ZkH; sinewove from fhe Mosfer SignoIs moduIe (messoge-I) is connecfed fo fhe PCM
Encoder moduIe's IMPUT I ond o b00H; sinewove from fhe funcfion generofor (messoge-Z) is
connecfed fo ifs IMPUT Z. The IkH; LPF is used os fhe reconsfrucfion fiIfer for fhe PCM
Decoder moduIe's OUTPUT Z. The sef-up now encodes, fronsmifs, decodes ond recovers fwo
onoIog signoIs using PCM-TDM insfeod of jusf one.


CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0

Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs o-7



Figure 4


I8. Verify fhof fhe sysfem is sfiII encoding, decoding ond reconsfrucfing messoge-I.

Note: You'II nofice fhof fhe recovered version of messoge-I is now o IiffIe disforfed.
Ignore fhis for now.

I9. Modify fhe scope's connecfions fo fhe sef-up os shown in Figure b beIow.




Figure

IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA CLI
PCM Encoding PCM Decoding
Pecovered
messoge-I
To CH I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
Funcfion
generofor
PCM-TDM dofo
Messoge-I
To CH 0
O/P
O/P Z
Pecovered
messoge-Z
IkH; LPF
CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) o-8

The chonges fo fhe scope's connecfions ore shown on fhe bIock diogrom in Figure o beIow.




Figure

Z0. Sef fhe scope's Timebose confroI fo fhe b00ps/div posifion.

ZI. Compore fhe originoI messoge-Z wifh fhe reconsfrucfed version of if.

Note: The fwo signoIs shouId be fhe some (ignoring phose shiff).


Question 1
Which FOTEx moduIe is fime division muIfipIexing fhe digifoI dofo7


Question Z
Which FOTEx moduIe is demuIfipIexing fhe digifoI dofo7


Question 3
OnIy one pofch Ieod in fhe enfire sef-up is being fime division muIfipIexed. CoII fhe
insfrucfor fo your work-sfofion ond indicofe fhof Ieod fo him or her.


IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA CLI
PCM Encoding PCM Decoding
Pecovered
messoge-I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
PCM-TDM dofo
O/P
O/P Z
Pecovered
messoge-Z
To CH I
Messoge-Z
To CH 0

Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs o-9


Mow Ief's use you're heoring fo confirm fhof fhe fwo signoIs ore indeed differenf.

ZZ. Modify fhe sef-up os shown in Figure 7 beIow.


Figure 7

Z3. Turn fhe AmpIifier moduIe's 0oin confroI fuIIy counfer-cIockwise fo reduce if fo
minimum.

Z4. Wifhouf weoring fhe heodphones, pIug fhem info fhe AmpIifier moduIe's heodphone
sockef.

Zb. Puf fhe heodphones on.

Zo. Increose fhe AmpIifier moduIe's goin unfiI you con comforfobIy heor fhe reconsfrucfed
version of messoge-Z.

Z7. Swifch fhe AmpIifier moduIe's inpuf from fhe IkH; LPF's oufpuf fo fhe 3kH; LPF's
oufpuf fo Iisfen fo messoge-I.

Note: You'II now be Iisfening fo fhe reconsfrucfed version of messoge-I ond if shouId
sound Iike o higher frequency.

Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.
CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0
AMPLIFIER
GAIN OUT IN
GND GND

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) o-I0




Purt C - Time division muItipIeing und sumpIe rute
As menfioned in fhe preIiminory discussion, fime division muIfipIexing (TDM) necessoriIy
invoIves o reducfion in fhe PCM sysfem's sompIe rofe. For exompIe, o duoI-chonneI PCM-TDM
sysfem hos o sompIe rofe hoIf fhof for o singIe-chonneI PCM sysfem (oII ofher fhings being
equoI). The nexf porf of fhe experimenf Iefs you invesfigofe fhis issue.

Z8. Sef fhe PCM Encoder moduIe's Mode swifch fo fhe PCM posifion.

Note: This furns fhe sef-up fo o simpIe singIe-chonneI PCM sysfem wifh o sompIe rofe of
IZ.bkSo/s.

Z9. Modify fhe scope's connecfions fo fhe sef-up os shown in Figure 8 beIow.




Figure


30. Sef fhe scope's Timebose confroI fo fhe I00ps/div posifion.

Note: You shouId now be obIe fo see messoge-I ond fhe recovered version of if.

Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.
CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0

Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs o-II

3I. Pefurn fhe PCM Encoder moduIe's Mode swifch fo fhe TDM posifion.

Note 1: This refurns fhe sef-up fo o duoI-chonneI PCM-TDM sysfem ond so fhe sompIe
rofe hoIves fo o.ZbkSo/s.

Note Z: Mofice fhof fhe recovered version of messoge-I is now disforfed.


Question 4
CoIcuIofe fhe frequency of fhe Iowesf-frequency oIios on fhe PCM Decoder moduIe's
oufpuf. Tip: If you're nof sure how fo do fhis, reod fhe preIiminory discussion for
Experimenf b.



To verify your onswer fo Quesfion 4,


3Z. Modify fhe scope's connecfions fo fhe sef-up os shown in Figure 9 beIow.




Figure 9
CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrmsmax
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) o-IZ

The chonge fo fhe scope's connecfion is shown on fhe bIock diogrom in Figure I0 beIow.





Figure 10


33. Suspend fhe scope's operofion.

34. Lounch ond run fhe MI ELVIS II Dynomic SignoI AnoIy;er VI.

3b. Adjusf fhe signoI onoIy;er's confroIs os foIIows:

Input Settings
Source ChonneI fo SCOPE CH I

FFT Settings
Frequency Spon fo I0,000
PesoIufion fo 400
Window fo 7 Term 8-Horris

Trigger Settings
Type fo Edge

Frequency DispIuy
Unifs fo d8
Mode fo PMS
ScoIe fo Aufo

VoIfoge Ponge fo I0V

Averuging
Mode fo PMS
Weighfing fo ExponenfioI
# of Averoges fo 3





Cursors On box unchecked (for now)


IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA CLI
PCM Encoding PCM Decoding
Pecovered
messoge-I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
PCM-TDM dofo
Messoge-I
To CH 0
O/P
O/P Z
Pecovered
messoge-Z
"Sfepped" messoge-I
To CH I

Experimenf o - Time division muIfipIe occess (TDMA) Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs o-I3

3o. Acfivofe fhe signoI onoIy;er's cursors ond use one of fhem fo check fhof your onswer fo
Quesfion 4 is correcf.






Question
ExpIoin how fhis oIios is cousing fhe disforfion fhof you observe in fhe fime domoin. Tip:
If you're nof sure, use fhe signoI onoIy;er fo exomine fhe specfroI composifion of fhe
oppropriofe reconsfrucfion fiIfer's oufpuf.


Question
0ive fhree woys fhof fhis disforfion con be reduced wifhouf deocfivofing fhe PCM
Encoder & Decoder moduIe's TDM mode.







Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.
Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before finishing.

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion 9-8

Z0. Sef fhe scope's Timebose confroI fo fhe b00ps/div posifion.

ZI. Compore fhe originoI messoge-Z wifh fhe reconsfrucfed version of if.

Note: The fwo signoIs shouId be fhe some (ignoring phose shiff).






Purt C - Converting the chunneI from copper to fiber
The fhird sfep in modeIing fhe 8eII 'TI' sysfem is fo converf fhe currenf chonneI from o copper
cobIe fo on opficoI fiber cobIe. MofuroIIy, fhis wiII invoIve fhe incIusion of fhe opficoI
Tronsmiffer ond Peceiver moduIes.

ZZ. SeIecf one of fhe Tronsmiffer moduIes ond sef ifs Mode confroI fo DI0ITAL.

Note: If doesn'f moffer which coIor Tronsmiffer moduIe you choose buf o red one is
shown in fhe foIIowing Figures.

Z3. SeIecf one fhe Peceiver moduIes ond sef ifs 0oin Ponge confroI fo LO.

Z4. Turn fhe some Peceiver moduIe's VoriobIe 0oin confroI fuIIy counfer-cIockwise.

Zb. Connecf fhe sef-up shown in Figure 7 on fhe nexf poge using fhe Tronsmiffer ond
Peceiver moduIes you odjusfed for Sfeps ZZ fo Z4.




Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.

Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs 9-9



Figure 7


The oddifions fo fhis sef-up con be represenfed by fhe bIock diogrom in Figure 8 beIow. The
PCM-TDM dofo ouf of fhe PCM Encoder moduIe is connecfed fo o Tronsmiffer moduIe fhof
converfs fhe signoI fo Iighf ond Ioods if onfo fhe opficoI fiber. The Peceiver moduIe unIoods fhe
Iighf informofion ond converfs if bock fo on eIecfricoI signoI (using sfondord TTL Iogic IeveIs)
for fhe PCM Decoder moduIe.




Figure
CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0
TRANSMITTER
RED
INPUT
DIGITAL
ANALOG
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
LO
HI
IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA CLI
PCM Encoding & OpficoI Tronsmission OpficoI Pecepfion & PCM Decoding
Pecovered
messoge-I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
PCM-TDM dofo
over opficoI chonneI
O/P
Pecovered
messoge-Z
To CH I
Messoge-Z
To CH 0
Tronsmiffer
Tx
(Ped)
Px
Peceiver
O/P Z

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion 9-I0

Zo. Verify fhof fhe sysfem is sfiII encoding, decoding ond reconsfrucfing messoge-Z.

Z7. To prove fhof fhe opficoI pofch Ieod is now fhe sysfem's chonneI corrying fhe PCM-TDM
dofo, momenforiIy disconnecf if of eifher end.

Note 1: When you do, you shouId Iose fhe reconsfrucfed messoge.

Note Z: 8e sure fo reconnecf fhe opficoI pofch Ieod before confinuing.

Z8. Modify fhe scope's connecfions fo fhe sef-up os shown in Figure 9 beIow.




Figure 9


CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrmsmax
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0
TRANSMITTER
RED
INPUT
DIGITAL
ANALOG
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
LO
HI

Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs 9-II

The chonge fo fhe scope's connecfions ore shown on fhe bIock diogrom in Figure I0 beIow.




Figure 10


Z9. Sef fhe scope's Timebose confroI fo fhe I00ps/div posifion.

30. Verify fhof fhe sysfem is sfiII encoding, decoding ond reconsfrucfing messoge-I (ignoring
disforfion).

3I. MomenforiIy disconnecf eifher end of fhe opficoI pofch Ieod fo check fhof you Iose fhe
reconsfrucfed messoge.





Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.
IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA CLI
PCM Encoding & OpficoI Tronsmission OpficoI Pecepfion & PCM Decoding
Pecovered
messoge-I
To CH I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
PCM-TDM dofo
over opficoI chonneI
O/P
Pecovered
messoge-Z
Tx
(Ped)
Px
O/P Z
Messoge-I
To CH 0

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion 9-IZ

Purt D - Introducing bit-cIock regenerution
The finoI sfep in modeIing fhe 8eII 'TI' sysfem invoIves regenerofing fhe bif-cIock for fhe PCM
Decoder moduIe IocoIIy using fhe PCM 8if-cIock Pegenerofor moduIe.

3Z. Modify fhe sef-up os shown in Figure II beIow.




Figure 11


The oddifions fo fhis sef-up con be represenfed by fhe bIock diogrom in Figure IZ on fhe nexf
poge. The PCM-TDM dofo is connecfed fo fhe PCM 8if-cIock Pegenerofor moduIe's inpuf offer
if hos been converfed bock from Iighf energy fo on eIecfricoI signoI. The PCM 8if-cIock
Pegenerofor moduIe's oufpuf signoI repIoces fhe PCM Decoder moduIe's bif-cIock which, up fo
now, hos been sfoIen from PCM Encoder moduIe.


CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrmsmax
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0
TRANSMITTER
RED
INPUT
DIGITAL
ANALOG
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
LO
HI
PCM BIT CLK
REGENERATOR
PCM
DATA
PCM
CLK
(100kHz bit clock)

Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs 9-I3



Figure 1Z


33. Verify fhof fhe sysfem is sfiII encoding, decoding ond reconsfrucfing messoge-I.

34. Modify fhe scope's connecfions fo fhe sef-up os shown in Figure I3 beIow.




Figure 13
IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA
CLI
PCM Encoding & OpficoI Tronsmission OpficoI Pecepfion & PCM Decoding
wifh 8if-cIock Pegenerofion
Pecovered
messoge-I
To CH I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
PCM-TDM dofo
over opficoI chonneI
O/P
Pecovered
messoge-Z
Tx
(Ped)
Px
O/P Z
Messoge-I
To CH 0
PCM 8if-cIock
Pegenerofor
PCM
8CP
CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrmsmax
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0
TRANSMITTER
RED
INPUT
DIGITAL
ANALOG
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
LO
HI
PCM BIT CLK
REGENERATOR
PCM
DATA
PCM
CLK
(100kHz bit clock)

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion 9-I4

The chonge fo fhe scope's connecfions ore shown on fhe bIock diogrom in Figure I4 beIow.




Figure 14


3b. Sef fhe scope's Timebose confroI fo fhe b00ps/div posifion.

3o. Verify fhof fhe sysfem is sfiII encoding, decoding ond reconsfrucfing messoge-Z.





Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before confinuing.
IM Z
CLI
PCM
DATA
CLI
PCM Encoding & OpficoI Tronsmission OpficoI Pecepfion & PCM Decoding
wifh 8if-cIock Pegenerofion
Pecovered
messoge-I
Peconsfrucfion
I00kH;
b00H;
IM I
ZkH;
PCM-TDM dofo
over opficoI chonneI
O/P
Tx
(Ped)
Px
O/P Z
PCM
8CP
Pecovered
messoge-Z
To CH I
Messoge-Z
To CH 0

Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs 9-Ib

Mow Ief's see whof your heoring feIIs you obouf fhe quoIify of fhe reconsfrucfed messoges.

37. Modify fhe sef-up os shown in Figure Ib beIow.




Figure 1


38. Turn fhe AmpIifier moduIe's 0oin confroI fuIIy counfer-cIockwise.

39. Wifhouf weoring fhe heodphones, pIug fhem info fhe AmpIifier moduIe's heodphone
sockef.

40. Puf fhe heodphones on.

4I. Turn fhe AmpIifier moduIe's 0oin confroI cIockwise unfiI you con comforfobIy heor
messoge-I.

4Z. Lisfen fo fhe originoI messoge-I ond commif how if sounds fo memory.

43. Disconnecf fhe AmpIifier moduIe's Ieod where if pIugs in fo fhe Mosfer SignoIs moduIe's
ZkH; SIME oufpuf ond connecf if fo fhe 3kH; LPF moduIe's oufpuf.

CH 0
CH 1
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrmsmax
MASTER
SIGNALS
100kHz
DIGITAL
10kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL
500Hz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
PCM
ENCODER
FS
CLK
PCM
DATA
TDM
INPUT 2
INPUT 1
PCM
PCM
DECODER
PCM
DATA
CLK
OUTPUT
OUTPUT2
1kHz LPF
LOWPASS
FILTERS
3kHz LPF
VARIABLEDC
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
+
ANALOGI/ O
ACH1 DAC1
ACH0 DAC0
TRANSMITTER
RED
INPUT
DIGITAL
ANALOG
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
LO
HI
PCM BIT CLK
REGENERATOR
PCM
DATA
PCM
CLK
(100kHz bit clock)
AMPLIFIER
GAIN OUT IN
GND GND

Z009 Emono Insfrumenfs Experimenf 9 - PCM-TDM 'TI' impIemenfofion 9-Io

44. Compore fhe sound of fhe recovered messoge-I wifh your memory of fhe originoI
messoge-I.

Note: They shouId be very simiIor fhough you wiII heor fhe disforfion fhof wos visuoIIy
noficeobIe eorIier in fhe expf.


Question 1
Whof's cousing fhis disforfion7


4b. Disconnecf fhe AmpIifier moduIe's Ieod where if pIugs in fo fhe 3kH; LPF moduIe's oufpuf
ond connecf if fo fhe funcfion generofor's oufpuf.

4o. Lisfen fo fhe originoI messoge-Z ond commif how if sounds fo memory.

47. Disconnecf fhe AmpIifier moduIe's Ieod where if pIugs in fo fhe funcfion generofor's
oufpuf ond connecf if fo fhe IkH; LPF moduIe's oufpuf.

48. Compore fhe sound of fhe recovered messoge-Z wifh your memory of fhe originoI
messoge-Z.

Note: They shouId be very simiIor.










Ask fhe insfrucfor fo check
your work before finishing.