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Objectives
At the end of this training session,participants would be able to : Describe the main UMTS/WCDMA requirements. Explain fundamental WCDMA concepts. Understand WCDMA Protocol layers and Channels. Know the types of Power control and Handovers. Understand the Basic UE Call flows. Illustrate the main HSDPA and HSUPA concepts and Principles. Introduce HSPA+
Chapter 1 Introduction
faster speeds for user-friendly delivery of larger content providing mass-market network capacity
3G VISION
A single network architecture and single radio interface for all the networks of the world. Same set of services with same behavior any where in the world. To realize global roaming.
What is 3G or IMT-2000
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined the key requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) services, commonly known as
3G
3G requirements Improved system capacity, backward compatibility with Second Generation (2G) systems , multimedia support, and high speed packet data services meeting the following criteria: 2 Mbps in fixed or in-building environments 384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments 144 kbps in wide area mobile environments
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What is UMTS ?
What is Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)? An IMT-2000 standard 3G mobile wireless solution. Designed to be deployed reusing most parts of the GSM/GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) core network (a key driver in standardization!) UMTS uses a totally new CDMA-based Radio Access technology in the form of WCDMA. Supports multiple services, better quality of service (QoS) differentiation and higher data rates (up to 14 Mbps).
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WCDMA ~ Why ?
Increase in Subscribers and Traffic New BW consuming applications like gaming, video streaming place new demands on capacity. Solution : New technique - Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
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WCDMA ~ What ?
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division multiple Access) Or UMTS-FDD / UTRA-FDD Or IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread An air interface standard found in 3G mobile telecommunications networks.
The ITU accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. Later, W-CDMA was selected as an air interface for UMTS.
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WCDMA ~ Who ?
The world's first commercial W-CDMA service, FOMA, was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 2001.
FOMA High-Speed
(HSUPA services)
7.2 Mbit/s
5.7 Mbit/s
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3GPP Releases
Releases Release 99 Data Transfer Speed 64 Kbps : Circuit switched 384 kbps : Packet switched Downlink : 384 Kbps Uplink : 384 Kbps Downlink :1.8Mbps-7.2Mbps Uplink :384 Kbps Downlink : 7.2Mbps Uplink : 5.8 Mbps Downlink : 40Mbps Uplink : 10Mbps Features Bearer Services Location services Call services compatible with GSM based on USIM Multimedia messaging Improved location Services IP Multimedia Services (IMS) HSDPA Ipv6,IP transport in UTRAN IP Multimedia System(IMS) HSUPA Multimedia broadcast and multicast WLAN integration Improvement in MS 64 QAM , MIMO VoIP over HSPA CPC continuous packet connectivity
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Release 4
Release 5
Release 6
Release 7
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QOS Classes
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GSM vs WCDMA
GSM/EDGE UMTS Generation Access Method Carrier Frequency Bandwidth Radio Network Core Network GPRS Network 2.75 G TDMA 200 KHz GERAN MSC/GMSC 3G WCDMA 5 MHz UTRAN MSC/GMSC MGW/GMGW SGSN/GGSN SGSN/GGSN
UMTS and GSM/EDGE can share a Core Network (CN),making UTRAN an alternative radio access network to GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN)
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CDMA vs WCDMA
CDMA 2000 Generation Access Method Carrier Frequency Bandwidth Chip rate 3G CDMA 1.25 MHz 1.22Mcps UMTS 3G WCDMA 5MHz 3.84Mcps
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WCDMA Benefits
Benefits of Wideband carrier :
Support for higher bit rates. BW on demand Asymmetric Data Rates Higher spectrum efficiency. Improved Trunking efficiency. Higher QoS.
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3G Network
HTTP Server Channels with different bandwidths in UL & DL direction lead to efficient radio spectrum utilization. Useful for applications such as web access and cable TV.
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RAN
CN
SN
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WCDMA Benefits
Voice Service
Internet Access
3G Network
Video Access
Varying BWs depending on the service requirements Different channels may have different QoS services
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Travel Info
Travel Info
Wireless Network
Internet
Horoscope
Maps Maps
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Weather
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Chapter 2
3G and UMTS/WCDMA Fundamentals
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UMTS Spectrum
The frequency bands originally defined by the ITU are Europe UMTS-2100 1920 1980 MHz (uplink) 21102170 MHz (downlink) America UMTS-1900 and UMTS-850 824-849 MHz (uplink) 869-894 MHz (downlink)
18501910 MHz (uplink) 19301990 MHz (downlink) Japan UMTS-800 830-840 MHz (uplink) 875-885 MHz (downlink)
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Uplink
1959-1964 MHz 1974-1979 MHz 1974-1979 MHz 1964-1969 MHz 1959-1964 MHz 1969-1974 MHz 1964-1969 MHz 1974-1979 MHz 1969-1974 MHz 1974-1979 MHz 1959-1964 MHz 1974-1979 MHz 1969-1974 MHz
Downlink
2149-2154 MHz 2164-2169 MHz 2164-2169 MHz 2154-2159 MHz 2149-2154 MHz 2159-2164 MHz 2154-2159 MHz 2164-2169 MHz 2159-2164 MHz 2164-2169 MHz 2149-2154 MHz 2164-2169 MHz 2159-2164 MHz
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UMTS Spectrum
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UMTS/WCDMA terminology
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Access Network Includes all of the radio equipment necessary for accessing the network. Core Network Includes all of the switching and routing capability for connecting to either the PSTN or a Packet Data Network ,for mobility and subscriber location management and for authentication services.
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User Equipment
Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
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UTRAN
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Core Network
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Subscriber s permanent ID Assigned by the service provider when the subscription is activated Stored in the USIM and the HLR
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All other bits are arbitrary assigned by VLR or SGSN A value of all 1s is not valid
SRNC : Serving Radio Network Controller S-RNTI : SRNC Radio Network Temporary Identity
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Chapter 3
WCDMA Radio Concepts and Procedures
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Frequency Reuse
WCDMA allows Universal Frequency Reuse which is the ability to reuse the same radio channel frequency throughout the network.
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If data bit rate is 30kbps and spreaded to a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps ,then the spreading factor is 128.
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The channelization codes are defined as where SF is the spreading factor of the code and k is the code no. 0<k<SF-1
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Either Short or Long scrambling codes can be used on the Uplink. The short scrambling codes are used with MUD ( Multi user detection) The Uplink scrambling code is decided by the network and the mobile is informed in the downlink access grant message what scrambling code to use. The uplink scrambling code has a period of one radio frame so that each code length is 38400 chips ( long) and or 66.7ms to have 256 chips( short).
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Scrambling code
Uplink: Separation of terminals(UEs) Downlink: Separation of sectors (cell)
Use
Length
Number of codes
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An example to know how the different codes are used within the WCDMA system. It is usual that cells 1 and 2 will be transmitting and receiving on the same frequency.
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Chapter 4
WCDMA Protocol layers and Channels
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Access Stratum (AS) protocols run between UE and UTRAN. o Implements radio access between the UE and the UTRAN o Includes all functions related to transmission and reception over the radio interface, handovers, radio link setup etc. o Based on WCDMA technology Non-Access stratum (NAS) protocols run between the UE and the CN o Establishes and manages connection between the UE and CN networks o Provide mobility functions such as location management and inter-network handovers. i.e. interoperability between UMTS and GSM.
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Protocol stack
Circuit Switched Control Plane
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Protocol stack
Circuit Switched User Plane
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Protocol stack
Packet Switched Control Plane
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Protocol stack
Packet Switched User Plane
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Access Stratum
The Access Stratum consists of the following layers: Layer 3 Radio Resource Control (RRC) Layer 2 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) Radio Link Control (RLC) Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer 1 Physical Layer (PHY or L1)
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Access Stratum
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Access Stratum
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Access Stratum
Data flow between layers is represented by: Radio Bearers Carry signaling between peer RRC entities or carry user data between peer application layer entities. Logical Channels Carry signaling and user data between peer RLC entities. Transport Channels Carry signaling and user data between peer MAC entities. Physical Channels Carry signaling and user data over the radio link.
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Layer 3-RRC
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UTRAN Protocols
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UTRAN Protocols
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UTRAN Protocols
Interfaces
Interfaces are the logical connections between the network elements. Iu-CS : Interface between the RNC and the Circuit Switched Core Network (CS-CN). Iu-PS : Interface between the RNC and the Packet Switched Core Network (PS-CN) Iub : Interface between the RNC and the Node B Iur : Interface between RNCs in the same network Iur interface is mainly needed for soft Handovers involving 2 RNCs though not required as the absence of Iur will cause these handovers to become hard handovers.
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UTRAN Protocols
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UTRAN Protocols
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UTRAN Protocols
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UTRAN Protocols
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UTRAN Protocols
The same general protocol model is applied for all Iu Interfaces
Application Protocol
-NBAP for Iub interface - RNSAP for Iur interface - RANAP for Iu-CS and Iu-PS interfaces
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UTRAN Protocols
Iub Protocols
(ALCAP signaling is used to set up AAL2 connections for Data Streams, NBAP & AAL2 are carried on AAL5)
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UTRAN Protocols
Iur Protocols
(ALCAP signaling is used to set up AAL2 connections for Data Streams, RNSAP AAL2 are carried on AAL5)
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Channel Mapping
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Channel Mapping
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Channel Mapping
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Channel Mapping
Idle mode
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Channel Mapping
Connected mode
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Channel Mapping
Dedicated Channels
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A transport channel offers a flexible pattern to arrange information on any service-specific rate, delay or coding before mapping it on a physical channel: it provides flexibility in traffic variation it enables multiplexing of transport channels on the same physical channel The logical channels are mapped on the transport channels by the MAC protocols. By this way the data are processed according to the QoS required before sending them to the Node B by the Iub.
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Chapter 5
WCDMA Power control and Handovers
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Power Control
Weak Signal
Strong Signal
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Power Control
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Fast power control is also known as closed inner loop power control, and runs at 1500 Hz. The transmitter gets commands 1500 times a second from the receiver to either increase or decrease its power.
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Cell Categories
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Soft-Softer Handover
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Chapter 6
Basic UE Call Flow Procedures and Operations
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Call Establishment
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Call Release
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Call Release
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AKA Parameters
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AKA Parameters
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Voice Services
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Quality of Service
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Quality of Service
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Concurrent Services
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Concurrent Services
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Chapter 7
Basic Concepts Of HSDPA & HSUPA
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Multi-Code Operation
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HARQ Protocol
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HSDPA Channels
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HSDPA Channels
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Chapter 8
Evolution of UMTS Release 7 HSPA + an introduction
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What is MIMO?
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HSPA+ Advantages
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