i l-,:lnguaq* *iierk

Modal verbsof obtigation

ffi a Ir 'c I z s root< at the foilowing sentences from the text. rA/hich:."pr.sr, obligation, necgssity or prohibition? lackof obligation or prohibition ? advice or recommendation? Evenif politicims in d"emocrnaes don't.ha ,,e to do what norrrr*onr,@ theggenerallgdo taketheir opirnon se{rlilg.... bevice to Afnca,thellmustpersuadevoters to demand. tlw. d,lhrt'* ' t (--'.v ... he sags'rich cotmtiesshould gwegrarLts,. Ad4qU

flfi Complete rhe table with the following verbs. haveto oughtto needn't mustn,t shouldn,t needto must don't haveto (:.

.,:$ l;.

.lltf

'iiir

" i,
,*m
nt;lt*dl

::
.i,r

@rcughtto

I CRlidren

sho'-rldn't

c rnrrtn, @ needto send.teache.rs to somedeveloping countries. 0 oon.tneedto c shouldn,t to learnmoreaboutus they visitourwebsite. (q/ oughtto c haveto

:;riril -"ri:ie

what obiigationu uryq you at work/school?Remember to makethe difference betweenoblig-ations u"A g"iJ.li".r.

i:'

,1

Unit lz [ 105

a campaign 0rEanising

takescareof Greenis the pressofEcerfor a charity that Feliciqy of press importance t"t-i"ttt about-the elderlvpoor peopi;.iilt;"; below' ..".tig! u"a'.o*pletd the passa$es
:

clariff markers:to,tt*ffi1-t^turrd discourse ^tP"dft"t*t :- ffiffiFelicity*qtfrJioUgvring v*catrrir.u.r:j Y:-':r1'';ri1! i ': groups' *ttt:t t"r*t and phrases '1b fi."t]il,-,ft*. 'fi11ttV tf,.r).for. *ro in orfer to , let'-s'say firstly ^^beciuse -/. more and as yousee tt 1'.then' torTamPle what's

-,,';; ;ngw J; ; , ; . . , , , , l ; , ' ] {3o' ' ,''. '. infoima,tion ? intqoducing

"3 linkingca'use " ' f fanQ ' ' i-:
. i. : .'

,,
..

''

:
l, 'i .:

a:Polnt '' 4 exemPl"ifYing

markersin formal lettercor #:Swould you usethesediscourse' ffiformal emails?

MUnit fu 105

l;.;;

Demand andsupply
Discussthe following questrons ln parrc. 1 Haveyou evergoneto the shops to buysomething. and not been ableto find it? If so,how did you react? z \{hy do shops not always ' haveall theirusualstock? .',' Evengoods that makeit to theshelves candisappear because of theft.How do retaiiers try tu reduce this problem?

I itr*ael{r,s Retail,[ogistics nead thetexton theoppositepageabout 'smart tags',Listthe ffiffi

four advantages of using smart tags.that are mentioned.
f

i- - - * - * * - "

ffi Choose the best option to answer each of the questions. I According to the textwhich of the followingis goingto happen? a smarttags will reduce goods sales bf consumer b thecost of smarttals will run into tensof billionsof dollars ruR.marketstaffwill be alerted ivhqn_gqoe_?tj!?l.n Q 2 Traditional nadio Frequency Identification was less effrcient than the new smarttags. Q b hard91'to prodpce,than the newsmarttags. c *3te than thenew smarttags. lpensive 3 Ciffette#1eri*.nt Wilt' a ' costr,$30 billion; : , tagisnelves as well,as,goods. @ c usebarcodes to,track,goods. 4 Usingsmarttagsto monilor products will reduce the numberof mistakes usually made. Q 6- increase the quantities of goods shipped. c increase the numberof inventories. 5 By,using the''lkill command'consumers will a losetheir privacy. b receive after-sales benefits. tot. after-sales services. Q

:l

iri

1:ir )i:

:iI 'tl
rij
t:t,

riiii :il,; 'iiii: rEl

i;ltJ iii!

,{r :tni ;H

ffi
..lij
t5t

I,i.i!

tji,t

n4

$pr*aking would you objectto buyrng,,goodp with smart tags? why?/rt\lhy not?

:*)
ir* ,r.&l

,#
fi|i

ii$ .i,$ -;Ri

r20ffiunir

.ttr

ffi

!rrii:iiii$Ldrli .i.

chainmanageman, Suppty .,,

,,

$roups" Put the words and phrases'in'th' co'rreCt count broadcast antennas microchips run out of keep staff scanreaders fill disable/kill .*pty,t,.tu.s store
;,
,l
,r:i- r,

{"***--"--'-""-'-'-? i \il'r:*br:{,ary

nouns Compound
words tciiform,word,partnerships. M atch'the, 14,u 9s1,, t after.sales ,, benfits returned $oods !.u error-prone 6o bay n t conveyor Qd versions I e t'ask loading ? r industry tt super-cheap consumer )g service $oods
4

.$o

J$\ $P

,}N

\:

f\

\-

rr-rN& sw'

1-5ffiu. ,
n \\

to completethe sentenceg Now usethe word partryerships

i

+q\.' . . the ontLdFt-tmvruimproved hasgreatly software 2 Accounting fi{ures. un with'exact come of having,to, r\ J" p*et , $-era[ io,,i.irYiffio" oht: o *"0,,,i
theyareplacedon a at'the:factory 4 Whensupplps^aErive

, r r , j-- .-r - -^-:1.-^,.,,ny*ankr nnA o,F+on-aalaa h, h ^ae, aftar-salet ^ warranry a1d carrya , electrgnic,Prgdtrcts M-osi lefilr'

lut

Jry$5$

th^:,artr

qtouis$b brands. of expensive areusually F,lrryr-,0,${t s rake gooojs technoloty. in the new trackin$ id'interested 6 The really to run but customers ? Our t,t\1,*^roA *J^ Sn** is expensive to' ,ppt*iit. bei$gableto bring thin$sbackif theyneed

,-"^g"uli.kS

to theworkshops' straight ,o u. ,itntpbrted

. : :;:i -,i .:i i r-i w ; o rd -b uitding , form of words from the texton :1 Qompletethe tablewith the correct page121.
verb
.!..

distribu

no-un, distribution
excitement

lrec'X0
broadcast

,[r**l*^+
**!.nXr*,t^
',s

combine

-il-C

adoption

u d"f.
ffi fate Upshaw,a retailspecialist, tallis about the advantages smart tagswill offer retailersand rnanufacturerr. Listen to part one. and note the pointsshemakes.' rfith f:il' 'm In part two Katedeals
questions from joumalists. Put the following topics in the order they are discussed. security mistakes privacy unemployment
'
,i.r ,
4'

shipment

Lj*t*r:iirrg i. ,r.,'1 The Srnart tag pfess ConfefenCg

.: :L1... loplc , ''': i

.4; ,-, ,
t:

{ &,
. .l,.. .. ,,..,.,

Now listen to part two again. Does Kate actually answer each question? Make notes on her responses.

i;")

l?i'llTr.^ -^+ rrr pc'r r-1;*

rL-^^

^* rrrrLr uri of the joumalists talks about measures retailers

ihould take to protectconsumers. ti$en and make notesl.

1 ,a

"L

the joumalist mentionswould workt tJre,tk{rg Do you think the measures you mind companies Why?/ \ ihy not?.Would monitoringyour movernents?
: , ...,,: ,r..,r....1. ' , . . . . ''

n n3 Unit 14

Passives
The passiveis formed with the appropriate tense of the verb be + the past participle of the main verb' ,a shelleswhiclt are fittedlmth teg readers. 1;,,syyl&rt scanned automattcally. Smart tagscanbe tlt, sWpmenterr ors and theJtwitl be rcducnd. As a r est form whenthe a$entis unimportant. -- We usethe passive ilsennarrkets(b1!Gillette). The tagsare ulnently betn$'ptlot3d.rnmq.lor and'notices is oftenusedin formalreports - Thepassive vo/llbe gretut[rcd:uced'. that slipm,ant ernars It hasbeen established
. "i:
.: ,.- :tr

-i {,}' r

i:'r,+ii:i,;,9

Do,,notincludethe in the passive. Write the fiollowingsentences ffiH is not importanti it if agent
I to light. privacy of consumer the issue havebrought ConSumer'groups
Theiseue of conaumerPrivacvhae beenbrought to liaht.

will install-smart Manufacturers 3 Con pe er groupsa preparin$

all sortsof the a$ainst als td th altogether. of sma tags.

t"r

and Lorries

Consumers

d'tryto

tags.

vo.abutary, :i,,,tinguage: " r ca re eski i tts:

I w'iting:

[Ico mp l e te tl.r ewor dmapwiththefollowingwor ds. { 'l'

activist

sit'in ou"o;*,,rlLio.n," "' relief lo!|v g.roul^*::l-::1", titigation debt *"'^'"i';;;;;;; ;;;r'.;;;;; letterorprotesf tariffbarriers

camparElrsr imports i*;;;;"'u*puien'; ;:Iff"i:" i:*"1:';'?::"^: ::#:til*; celebrity march

N&o'

^'W A nrd Aihq

^@ {r"*.tr
{t--tw

ffir4
to or with with oJ' at' ur'' alabtst' )ntences E[ completethe seI of fT1i,e.1ai'd' the issue look - at to takea fresh 1 I thinkwe need arestiil unaware 2 nAany PeoPle

bombarded ; il.o'*o;nv nu,ua.n :#i

protests'

plant' Fg"ilif tf'ent* nuelear a demonstration planning 4 We're aid' vear iry ;;;;;tilopr,oriottars each countries i some
qk-tlme' 6 Theboycottwas a lvaste pou^t1tv ]t-tl]:^:^"""tO' ? We needto draw attention--iEthe top.of their agenda' dbe should reiief Debt I

I 2 3 4 5 6 ? I

El wti.tr is the odd one out in each set? n

a organisation Dn rm a influence S persuadei a rise b condgm? a issue b dilemma a :_ demai'id D recognlse a regulation , , b la w a charity n celebnty acut b qpio;t
t ri

:::.'dinstitution', tarlietr, ,.'.d convince develop d increase ^ sacrifice d problem ulderstand,i d:,iealisb . d:polic:r Ff{ssg{g. . c C a-U S gI , r. : d,carnpaign , ' .d,CanCel c di'pp c c c c c c
:--:-n:-

slr m /

Er Match eachof the followingverbswith one setoflnouns. ' t, inake give leneratecJo take raise loo-tt
o

6ive

aivo

a d.

?*uto^t

/=tu
4

cmq,hx hqrq

a loan publicity interest action I part a dltterence :. a clarm t awareness

Jo-

funds
good harm

l"anguage check Underlinethe correct modql verb. s,in italics. I In some places people haveio'/should workmore than12 hours a day. 2 Youmustn\ /d.od.thaye tqdonate,any money if youdont *r;; ;. 3 Employers ought to/yutilsrtr,o using chirdlabour or face a fine. > arnut/a4 Youlteedn]t /shouldn't speak to thepress. I cando it if you,re busy.
J

Yau lidn'thwe9/rrutstn't takepart in yesterday's demonstration. How much moneydo you think I ozght to. /haye to donate? If yo.u w3ntjo signthe petition,you,l,l y,r.ed-te /nnstdo it soonasI,m postingit otf today. Thegovernm.nt hrs warned companies that theyd,onthwe to /trnstnL breakthe law.

EI No- complete the article with the sentences below.

evaluation by the authonrres. z__19_-.--. Bur the Commission t,u, girr*TioT*ily

:tl,i".,, ,,"r,"e o; 'Tl"liffiH,ii,f':f*"r'",ii .r'.mic,r,,.Jn think about *r,rt it_i"*u,,fr_rdffiiy, i[ justines ffiffi:i" il",L :1":ll :l'fr: #Ji:ffi rts Ji:: actions by saying in rhe e,.,1::, tt,"t it ir.t,yi;g';"';;:iconsumers. ;;;1., ::",*:d g""",Jv,^
subje*to "---J--.
to industry

fl:Tn.and healthand the environment on theother. Behindrhe Commisslol,s nlogosal .is the iear that the wroespread wortd is tull of unknoll use chellid;,Cd;g ;rrge to health Thelobbying battle will-noy moveinto intemational are_ nas like the Euiopean ?arliamentil ;; per vearof a chgmical Councilof rirust Ministers. 5 a_ registersafetyinform"i:,:T: i, go., on, tt,l cornnnirrion : Sit

il'ff l',#ffi i#ll',H;;#**# *i;i;ffiemployment on the one fr""J-unO

wanied ';;;;;

bY*Jil#ii?ffJ Marsot *,]ild; ft rrc H;hHil,?"*lT::":iT: I c,Vrrollffrentcommissioner'

who had

canlive*,h i,,;;;ffi-

DTANS to reguiarethe I chemicals industryin r,uropeapproved bv the glvrngwarningof the dangers of excessive European rggulation. Commission Sohow cn far have the Coniniissi^ons origrnal propoJllr,.bhanged? 95tober2gtharea minor A to piovide, sgf;ty inior*"iioni;;;.." soft for indu.strial il3 "]:.r.:n ened 20,000 :t:lgY chemicars. pr"d- ;,,h ;iaiii,i., or r.r, robbytsts over environ_ f:-':T. rnan ten ronnes per year AJso, , ,.;;;#; mental. campaigners' atternative L swit.h to "l chemicals is

,;iij,hff tH;[::" TIfi'#; ,t,{#- .,.

i.i*# "iT,?llT ';?J

;'r ::'il';'J:li lliln il:,lilffi:T ::::"*:i;,Jffi

industry continues to comprain *:fi:'oe' af a competitive ais"avania!J'th[;"#'.:]1 Yut -'l'lri:ii*

pri.e proposJ ; #"[t|'o ffi

For Eurone'" rh,l. ;.,;::":""' o'tt"' economies,

the

Theprocess could easilyr takean.other fewyears. chemicals, b verydangerous such'as carcinogens, will need authorisation
a

.{

:tffffi

confidential. colleague, ErkkiLiikanen, the commissioner for Enterprise, was {u", happier. e But the fight overchemicals'has shownthat consumer protection comes at a pnce. f' Pro-industry lobbyists includeGerhard Schrcider, chirac and Jacques TonyBlair.

the right tokeep some information products about iave

Look at the anicleagain.find;the adjective of the foltowing

n O U n S. ^ !/Wry\a/ff| . , induEtrial. al . . 04tA lndustry environment enthusiasm ambitioh' excess origin alternative competition .tn ^ t,

risk y

oreu,t{u{d,tlg.11nul-----.--_ e,onruffi*a

Unit 12r 51

'i.ing*aEe u-tt-.f-t htadin$s to makee;ctes *1rq:c[q II *uA the article about lggis.ligsr

practices comparin$past and modern-day

A movin$story
A wider view of lo$istics

seenl':* thatlis isaword Logistics T::::*iff:hlf howthet:::"i:':: meaninf: bigger

;il.i.;. Butit hasa ,r* ;;;;i;";; u" riars through "rg"i,r".^,*--iro*
sound

ti1lT;lfltr#i'i:'#ifiii!3;;J; trying to tobuild

'6o) whatwill be in than 'uessin9.'::t:-^:J: ihan.dutssing rather onlv, ilt ;;o,a., Fr;il"rr,-'"rr*

;'Y1*,1"'$"t***r*:l.T'lil,.ti / manages good,,'u-@e4 dfl" nnished '"*i'1ii""''*: thines around' cut lnvel movittg a simpletnougnffiess of
more'::;;;";; Fql-"oJ':;oro;ffi1ffi"5J'"'i|4 it isjrE*B / is bansg,olivn but
*=tr"arouno information. waysof passing "g!agd,w'g and tfilaFm6production l:rn oi rnethod-s rhe Japanese-reo deliv;w "and logistia t a"ng outsourr;ed

f"
to

n:T..ffi:"&fiffi:#h.*::*[lj:::;'il.f'ij"Tff"fi"il";;;;;';of.th.m ) 0adp-'rn*,ffiltioiia

ffi*ri,'##i"t*l*rqi}ft;il-fl:;itl:tffi *:'* i::i:;"?il:'f

in batchei'6HV\il distributors 6were d.ettere(/detwerJtto transpo are i;:rilffi:;;;i, companies however'
ninsiw*t Now' in warenouses' yvicl sit around t'0""'ln;"hgil; tna uott^.inloming to eliminate seeking demanding, t'*' l**^A- ntA 6;ffi?*inq more aLmosi't u"' ?dot' do''i^ tts t'i' inventory' ,'*n"r'w"^' int uu'i*""i-'"outit'to third-partvt"t:: outgoing sto* z*'s;."il; *Ix to ,i*ptiry in order exampie,

{er't

betvvlnpostal' ,." r"a ul, t'"-Jlt,inct'on / has

'ta+tslwd of 11ea

forms in italics' El ruo* underline the correctactiveor passive

Vocabu[ary ll
.t

vratch the words with the definitions.

\-:*haveno moresupplies " b check overa periodofltime, '9" transporting goods by roadin lorries goods transported by-road,air or sea Qd e continuous smoothimoVement'l \ platform f fbr.arryring:goods wooden I 6

. 5s$'z

monitor freight \"S' - 3 ,flow -N + pallet ) run out b haulage

^<r).

"' ..,t.'.-

E wfti.t, is the odd one out in eachset?

I 2 s 4 5 6 ? I e l0 fl
ft

a customer a stock a pilot a supermarket a image a- chain a goods a trace a shipping a lorry

b b b b b b

court inventory scan factory tag :,, cargo

b trgures. b traik b accesq, b rail

--T:-'

c--c.lien+---.--:.--*- '' c shelf :.c test c warenouse c microchip c freight c prooucrs c,+ t ry c oelrvery c truck

Match the pairs. smart ---1 \ consumer \*bar conveyor loading raw supply marketing Qa b $ c Vd
ai

",k&F
3

6 I

?. ]2f \ g Eoods

materials tag strategy chain o3y code

[[ [.r,

El FIo* many verts can you findlin.the unit that can go before profulct? Add them to the word-m&p,
Unit t4l 5z

I Readirqg

ifi:i1?:fl;i#fji'ffi ;'iilf Eneadl!e^::*;?li*:ii^ff "i l.'i#j*'o'o' ;"#l3$i:

4

Fed,Ex

2,
!

"41"1

,&

:$ N

$;

technolo9Y

,,a.7

--

,o

tn*

lfi.',**ffi*g-ffi****gff q#;*$#i$*,
words' with'' the foilo*in$ article the tarehouses E so* cornplete $ains \r onlihe tes'ted .chiin goods customer '"Ont*"

$im*

'p

t
I

&

El nead the article again.Are the statementstrue or false? I It is expensive for FedEx to trackorders for internet users. falee :",, evaluates the way it doesthinfs. 3 Dell regularly and updates 4 Dellhastaken on 30% morestafftodealwith increasecl business. goods. haschanged 5 Proctor and Gamble theway it dispritChes,its now needs and Gamble 6 Proctor Workers. fewerwarehouse

il- isteninc{;)Tx,; E 'Which of theseareasdo you to talk aboutat a job intervieW

t\

.\

abilityto dealwith feedback I ,, b. your abilityto workwith otherpeople \\ \^ your opinion aboutindustryor professional,trend$ \ \\ your salary expectations \\ I your expectations for thefuture \
\

your attitude and approach to yourq7gJft, ,, .1 ,1,r;, \ i,.. your past .'\ achievements ,: ., . \ \ q, your :, ,,,'

for leai,ing your currentemployment \ )/ourrea,sons

E,ruo* listen to eight questions from an interview.Match'fach

questionwith an areaabove. Then decidehow you would answer eachquestion.
A2 t$j

rE

5g

3B< 4ru
| !-istening @ rao
I

6w
?K

8F-

message,, Writing Now write a letter (so-zowords) replying tq Melaniets you points. ans-wer Ensure eachof her Then COmpare loUfr:8llSWf answeron page96. with the suggested

: i{/ucahl;[.rr!. s
1t

Trade,and,,,tobbiesf,,,

irf*
r,iffi
-i;ir;1,:11',ti

,:r,lii

lffi,Now

r.i.

iti

'f,, ,li, ,l,:

lii, .lli,l:
.lliil;

tool or Sneakins Do you think intemet petitions are a powerful and effective just jnnk mailt Haveyou eversignedone?Why?/Why not?
Unit 12 tr04'm

$ffi