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Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
MV
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
HV
DV
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Measuring of the ventilation Clique para editar o estilo efficiency with tracergas
Displacement ventilation
10,00
1,00
0,10
0,01 09:30
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
Uhrzeit
Mepunkt 1 Mepunkt 2 Mepunkt 3 Mepunkt 4 Mepunkt 5 Mepunkt 6 (Abluft)
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Air ventilation systems nearby Clique para editar o estilo the facade
Type of flow Air-flow pattern max. cooling load in W/m Temp. difference supply/indoor air at 1.1 m height Temp. difference supply/extract air Ventilation effectiveness Type of ATU 60 -4 to -6 -4 to -6 1 80 -6 to -8 -7 to -10 1,2 1,5 40 -1 to -3 -2 to -7 2 large area diffuser
MV
HV
DV
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
MV
HV
DV
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Permitted room temperatures Clique para editar o estilo according to EN ISO 7730
The temperatures are for single or open plan offices and conference rooms and an activity of 70 W per person.
Category
Globe temperature [C] Summer Winter 22.0 6 1.0 22.0 6 2.0 22.0 6 3.0 24.5 6 1.0 24.5 6 1.5 24.5 6 2.5
A B C
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Category A B C
Radiant temperature asymmetry [K] Warm Cold Cold Warm ceiling wall ceiling wall <5 < 10 < 14 < 23 <5 <7 < 10 < 13 < 14 < 18 < 23 < 35
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Draft Risk Index DR according EN Clique para editar o estilo ISO 7730
0,5
0,5
Turbulence intensity
10%
20% 40%
20%
60%
0,3
0,2
0,3
40% 60%
0,1
(DR - 30% )
0 18 0 20 22 24 26 28
0,2
0,5
0,4
0,1
0,3
(DR - 20% )
0
0 18
20
22
24
26
28
0,1
(DR - 10% )
0 18 0 20 22 24 26 28
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n DR-Draft Risk Index (EN ISO 7730) is used to evaluate the predicted percentage of people dissatisfied due to the annoyance of draught based on local air temperature, local turbulence intensity and local air speed. The equitation is based on investigations by Prof. Fanger, Denmark
n ADPI-Air Diffusion Performance Index (ASHRAE Standard 113) is a means of expressing the comfort performance of diffusers in a space. ADPI is expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100% of the 60 measured test points in the space satisfying the ADPI criteria.
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Calculation Clique para editar o estilo of thermal comfort with the DR-Index
< According to EN ISO 7730 Ergonomics of the thermal environment with no restrictions concerning the air distribution system < DR = Draft Risk Index < Category A 10 % B 20 % C 30 % Calculation of the draft risk DR:
DR = (34 - t a,l ) ( na,l - 0,05)0,62 (0,37 na,l Tu + 3,14) For na,l < 0,05 ms -1 is na,l = 0,05 ms -1 For DR > 100% is DR = 100%.
Thereby is:
t a ,l the local air temperature in degree Celsius, 20C up to 26C; na,l the local mean air velocity in meter per second, < 0,5 ms-1;
Tu the local intensity of turbulence (%) in percent, 10 % up to 60 %; if the value is unknown 40 % can be used.
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Calculation of thermal comfort with Clique para editar o estilo the ADPI-Index
n ADPI = Air Diffusion Performance Index n According to ASHRAE Standard 113 for turbulent mixing systems in cooling mode n Minimum of ADPI = 80 % should be reached, ADPI > 90 % is a high comfort level n Criteria is the percentage of numbers from 60 measuring points in the range of Ted + 1,1 K - 1,7 K [ Effective draft temperature and local mean air velocity v < 0,35 m/s Calculation of the ADPI-Index Ted Ted T Tavg = (T Tavg) 8.0 ( - 0.15) = Effective draught temperature (K) = Local temperature (C) = Occupied zone average temperature (C) = Local mean air velocity (m/s)
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
The equitation is valid for turbulent mixing systems from the ceiling w = room air velocity
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n Test room n Supply air flow rate n Supply air temperature n Room design temperature n Cooling load
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Horizontal cross section of the test Clique para editar o estilo room
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Smoke test with 2 x Krantz RA-N 350 Clique para editar o estilo diffusers
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
2,50 m
Centre zone air volume flow rate : 60 l/s supply air temperature : 10,2 C extract air temperature : 22,9 C room air temperature : 21,7 C
2,00 m
0.09 22.0 9% 0.07 21.9 4% 0.09 22.0 9% 0.12 21.9 11% 0.12 22.0 13%
Height in m
1,50 m
0.11 22.0 12% 0.16 22.0 17% 0.08 21.8 7% 0.16 21.7 15% 0.07 21.9 5% 0.08 21.8 6% 0.11 21.8 10% 0.12 21.8 11% 0.13 22.1 14% 0.12 22.3 12%
1,00 m
0,50 m
0.19 22.1 20% 0.16 21.7 16% 0.13 21.8 12% 0.11 21.9 10% 0.09 22.3 8%
0,00 m 0,00 m
1,00 m
2,00 m
3,00 m
4,00 m
5,00 m X-position in m
6,00 m
7,00 m
8,00 m
9,00 m
10,00 m
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n Specific supply airflow rate n Total supply airflow rate n Airflow each floor outlet n Cooling load n Room air temp. in occupied space
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Test room and position Clique para editar o estilo of the 6 outlets
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Position of the heat gains and Clique para editar o estilo measuring planes in the test room
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Smoke test of 6 rotary floor twist Clique para editar o estilo outlets
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Measuring Clique para editar o estilo results in plane 2, TSupply = 16.5C and VOutlet = 25 l/s
3.00 m Top: Mean air velocity in m/s Bottom: Air temperature in C 2.50 m
2.00 m Height in m
0.05 23.8 0.07 24.0 0.08 23.9 0.10 24.1 0.05 23.9 0.07 24.1 0.08 24.0 0.12 24.2
1.50 m
1.00 m
0.12 22.0
0.13 22.5
0.11 22.6
0.12 23.0
0.10 22.6
0.12 23.0
0.15 22.5
0.11 22.8
0.50 m
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Vertical room temperature Clique para editar o estilo stratification with floor twist diffuser
3
2.5
Height in m
0.5
0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Air temperature in C
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Heat load factor m for the Clique para editar o estilo upflow system
m = T Room - T Supply T Extract - T Supply
21 . 8 - 16 . 5 m = = 0 . 48 27 . 5 - 16 . 5
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Vertical room temperature Clique para editar o estilo stratification with floor twist diffuser
3
2.5
Height in m
0.5
0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Air temperature in C
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Heat load factor m for the Clique para editar o estilo upflow system
m = T Room - T Supply T Extract - T Supply
23 . 1 - 18 . 0 m = = 0 . 50 28 . 2 - 18 . 0
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Vertical room temperature Clique para editar o estilo stratification ceiling twist diffuser
3
2,5
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Heat load factor m for the ceiling Clique para editar o estilo turbulent mixing system
m = T Room - T Supply T Extract - T Supply
m =
22 . 5 - 12 . 7 = 0 . 96 22 . 9 - 12 . 7
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Comparison of turbulent mixing system from the ceiling and upflow Clique para editar o estilo ventilation system
3
Number of outlets Air flow rate per diffuser Specific supply air flow rate Supply air temperature Extract air temperature Specific cooling capacity Mean room air temperature* Vertical stratification* Heat load factor *Height 0.1 - 1.1 m
Upflow Upflow Mixing (floor (ceiling (floor twist) twist) twist) 6 6 6 [l/s] 25 25 25 [l/sm] 6.25 6.25 6.25 [C] 16.5 18.0 12.7 [C] 27.5 28.2 22.9 [W/m] 83 77 77 [C] 21.8 23.1 22.5 [K] 0.7 0.6 0.3 [-] 0.48 0.50 0.96
2,5
2 Height in m
1,5
0,5
6 ceilingmixing twist outlets Ceiling Ts = 12.7 C 6 floor twist Upflow Ts =outlets 16.5 C Upflow Ts =outlets 18.0 C 6 floor twist
0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Air temperature in C
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
10
12
14
16
35C
10%
Lisboa
30C
20%
Porto
30% 40%
65 60 55 50 45 40 35
70
30 25
y dr r] ai
For Lisboa Upflow system DTsupply= 16,5C, Tafter coil= 14,5C Dh= 61 38 = 23 kJ/kg Ceiling mixing system DTsupply= 12,7C, Tafter coil= 10,7C Dh = 61 29 = 32 kJ/kg 12 14 16
5C
15
20
ie lp ha h
kg J/ [k
0C -5C
5
10
ez sp
ific
t en
10
18
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Advantages of the upflow Clique para editar o estilo ventilation system n Heat load factor only 50% versus ceiling twist diffuser system n Ventilation efficiency factor 1.5 n Reduction of the chiller size of 28% n Extended use of free cooling without chiller in the range of outdoor temperature of 11C to 17C
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Comparison of floor displacement Clique para editar o estilo and upflow ventilation
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Comparison of the displacement and Clique para editar o estilo upflow ventilation system
3
Number of outlets Air flow rate per diffuser Specific supply air flow rate Supply air temperature Extract air temperature Specific cooling capacity Mean room air temperature* Vertical stratification* Heat load factor *Height 0.1 - 1.1 m
2.5
Height in m
1.5
1
6 Floor displacement outlets 3 Floor twist outlets 6 Floor twist outlets
0.5
0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Air temperature in C
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Comparison of the heat transport Clique para editar o estilo costs between air and water
LUFT AIR
& Q L
DJL
Wasser WATER
& Q W
DJ W
= 1 KW = 10 K
= 1 KW = 5 K*) =
& V L [m / h] =
& V W [m / h]
& [W ] Q W 1,163 DJ W [K ]
& V L
= 300 m/h
PEL =
& V W
& [m / s] Dp [Pa ] V h
= 0,17 m/h
DPL
h
PEL
DPW
h
PEL
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
& =m & L Dh Q
&f =m & L Dx m
&s=m & L Dc m
& auch & Nur mit Wasser abfhrbar OnlyQ can be removed by water Q
Therefore a minimum hygienical air exchange is neccessary.
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Basic features of passive and active Clique para editar o estilo chilled beams
Passive chilled beam Primary air supply Heating Cooling not integrated not possible by water Active chilled beam integrated possible by water and air
Passive chilled beams should be combined with a separate air distribution system
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Installation Clique para editar o estilo of passive chilled beams above a suspended ceiling
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Different Clique para editar o estiloways for installation of passive chilled beams
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
The free area of the suspended ceiling underneath a passive beam should be more than 40% to avoid loss of cooling capacity
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Geometrical parameters with impact Clique para editar o estilo on the cooling capacity
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Chilled beam in combination with Clique para editar o estilo acoustic elements
Accoustic element
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Air pattern with perforated Clique para editar o flow estilo metal tiles
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n Outside air supply integrated n Only small ceiling areas required n High specific capacity n Various installation options
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n Water flow temperature: 14 - 16C n Temperature difference flow/return: 2-3 K n Open area of screen: min. 40%, better 60%
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n Heating capacity: 200 300 W/m n Primary air heating is not necessary n U-value of the faade 1.3 W/mK if full room height glazing
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Active chilled beams for the Clique para editar o estilo screening of the facade
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Active chilled beam for wall or Clique para editar o estilo plenum mounting
Nozzles Primary air connection
Primary air
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Supply air outlet Exit air ventilator Air ionisation Water heat exchanger Heating and Cooling
Heat recovery
Bypass damper
Supply air ventilator Outside air filter Extract air outlet Outside air damper
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Sound absorber
Recirculati ng air
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Principle of an active chilled beam Clique para editar o estilo with discharge on one side
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Combination of passive and active Clique para editar o estilo chilled beams
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Combination of passive and active Clique para editar o estilo chilled beams
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Combination of passive and active Clique para editar o estilo chilled beams
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Combination of passive and active Clique para editar o estilo chilled beams
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Opticlean Clique para editar o estilo air outlet with connection box
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Installation of passive and active Clique para editar o estilo chilled beams
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
11 15 l/(s m) 25C 18C 14C 17C -9.5 K 21/24C 18/21C 40C 35/36C 16.5/14 K
Reflected Clique para editar o estilo ceiling plan level 4, 4-bed bay
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Vertical sectional view A-A of test Clique para editar o estilo room
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Air pattern in cooling mode Clique para editar o flow estilo primary air flow rate 11 l/(s m)
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Statistical Clique para editar o estilo evaluation of the air velocity results in the cooling mode
Mean air velocity v in m/s Primary air volume flow rate l/(s m)
Measuring plane
Test no.
11
1 2
78 97
17 3
5 0
0 0
13
1 2
68 95
20 5
7 0
5 0
15
1 2
70 88
24 12
3 0
3 0
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Test parameter Specific supply air volume flow rate: Primary air temperature: Flow/Return temperature: Total cooling capacity Indoor air temperature: Relative indoor air humidity Dewpoint temperature of indoor air Flow temperature below dewpoint temperature 14.5 l/(s m) 16C 15/18C 375 W/m 22C 75% 17.5C 2.5 K
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
after 4 hours
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
after 8 hours
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
CFD simulation of an office with full Clique para editar o estilo height glazing
Occupied by 1 person + PC + monitor
Floor outlets
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
22C -8C 0.70 W/mK 1.80 W/mK 0.91 W/mK 3m Krantz Floor twist outlets D = 200 mm 80 m/h per outlet according to 8.8 m/hm
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n Thermal balance n Heat loss faade -1073 W n Inner heat loads: n 1 Person 100 W n 1 PC+Monitor 185 W n Lighting 300 W n ======================= n Total 585 W n Difference -488 W
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Zones of the draft risk < 10% Clique para editar o estilo
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Zones of the draft risk < 20% Clique para editar o estilo
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
22.5C
22.0C
Radiation asymmetrie in K
2.0 m
2.0-2.5 1.5-2.0
19.3C
22.0C
1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0
1.0 m
0.0-0.5
0.0 m 0.0 m
21.5C
0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m
22.0C
2.0 m 2.5 m 3.0 m
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
CFD simulation of a facade jet nozzle Clique para editar o estilo system London Heathrow T5 Faade height 30 m
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Comparison of the room air temperature profile with different nozzle inclinations up to 6 m
Raumhhe
4.0 m
3.0 m
2.0 m
1.0 m
0.0 m 17.0C
17.5C
18.0C
18.5C
19.0C
19.5C
Lufttemperatur
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
n The projected air supply via nozzles to the faade is not sufficient. n A partial down stream of cold air occurs reaching until the common area with ambient air velocities up to 0,4 m/s. n Furthermore a distinct temperature stratification develops at an indoor temperature of only 17 C in the occupied area. n For a zone of 10 m at the bottom of the faade a heating by means of a trench heating system is recommended.
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
20
25
30
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso
Dipl. Ing. Detlef Makulla. | CAVERION GmbH | www.caverion.com | Case Studies: Eficincia nos Sistemas de Difuso