1 Syllables A Introducing syllables ease peace doubt care paint cent call easy peacef ul doubtf ul careful painte

e d percen t recall easily peacefull y doubtfull y carefully repainte d percenta ge recalling

B Tapping the syllables one two noun verb cant seven sentence focus eighteen cannot eleven direction continue emphasis syllable identify analysis Its important. He wants book. I have to go. a

C Which word do you hear? mess-messy loud-aloud blow-below sport-support prayed-parade round-around squeeze-excuse D Extra syllable in past tense verbs fainted watched treated laughed worked asked started folded planned

claps-collapse clone-cologne state-estate

landed closed counted

added caused cooked

Are they different? A plant start treat wait heat attract B land fold add raid load record C work live save laugh call arrange D wash walk cause plan close contain

Rule: -t/-d -ed /id/ E Past or Present? 1. a. We want to buy a used car. b. We wanted to buy a used car. 2. a. We start by looking in the newspaper. b. W started y looking in the newspaper. 3. a. The doctors treat sick people. b. The doctors treated sick people. 4. a. We rent a house every summer. b. We rented a house every summer. 5. a. The teachers want a pay raise. b. The teachers wanted a pay raise. 6. a. They start at 8 oclock. b. They started at 8 oclock. 7. a. I intend to go shopping. b. I intended to go shopping. 8. a. People crowd into trains. b. People crowded into trains. 9. a. Children skate on the frozen lake. b. Children skated on the frozen lake. 10. a. They never visit the library. b. They never visited the library. F Silent letters walked planned closed talked business several chocolate Wednesday every family vegetable interesting laboratory elementary

G Check yourself: counting syllables This is the first city they visited when they traveled here on business. They were so pleased that they decided to stay seven extra days. H Syllable number game rice ice cream France Japan

banana Singapore

asparagus Argentina

2 Vowels and Vowel rules A a, e, i, o, u Alphabet vowel sounds cake mail rain train paid tea leaf steam breeze feed ice lime dine file bite cone phone coal froze coat blue tune suit use fume

B The two vowel rule: a change main save grapes e teach mean sleep seat i pie fine twice dried o boat chose note pose u dues rude prunes fumes

C Relative vowel sounds a pan back fan half clap e ten jet French leg send is sip pin kick wrist i o top lock pot flock clock u cut cup jump fun gum

D The one vowel rule: Relative vowel sound a has cat man plan sack e bed send men tell red i his pin fill dig fish o stop shop Tom Bob dock u up run lunch plum luck

E Check yourself Alphabet vowel sounds and relative vowel sounds 1. Raisins are dried grapes. 2. Prunes are dried plums. 3. The pin is stuck in the seat. 4. Clip this note to the box. 3 Word stress A banana China Canada America sofa oven painting London England TV LA BBC CNN around event arrange Brazil Berlin USA UK

England solution arrangement pollution Atlanta Alberta UN CD MC IT

Japan beautiful horrible energy physical Washington BC NBA

B The two vowel rule with multi-syllable words cake remain erase parade graceful nt raisin reason priceless floatable excuse tea repeat delete retreat agreeme ice alive inside provide entirely cone soapy alone suppose approach blue Tuesday assume introduce confuse

C The one vowel rule with multi-syllable words pan attract practice example command Saturday ten relative sentence suggest electric expensive is filling printer principle missing predict top stopping copy atomic tolerance operate cut Sunday begun thunder punish abundant

D Schwa / / travel pilot Alaska Nebraska excuse allow record American

ticket pencil advice Kansas

Canada America reason listen

exchange African attend arrange

Irish pronounce announce Spanish

problem jacket photograph overcast concentrate attitude institute gratitude military

extra dramatic economics adopted photograph secondary reconsider California permission

application collection exquisite elegant telephone constitution destination university understand

E Limerick A student was sent to Tacoma Intending to earn a diploma He said, With the rain, I dont want to remain. I think Id prefer Oklahoma. F Can VS Cant 1.a.I can go. b.I cantt go. 2.a.She can do it. b.She cant do it. 3.a.Where can we go? b.Where cant we go? 4.a.We can leave now. b.We cant leave now. 5. a.Can you lift this? b.Cant you lift this? 6.a.Why can you do that? b.Why cant you do that? 7.a.What can we do? b.What cant we do? Oh, good! Thats too bad. Thats wonderful. She should try harder. Any tourist destination. Into the military zone. Good, Ill get my coat. All right, well wait. Of course. No, I cant. Because I have permission. Because I dont know how. Make an effort. Fly without an airplane.

G Check yourself A: What are you studying? B: Economics. What about you? A: Photography. B: Then you must take good photographs. A: And you must be good with money! H Identifying stressed syllables hamburger cookies pizza extremely accurate dinner refrigerate refrigerator refrigeration electric electrical electrification

lemon jacket Susan Richard

older winter

rocket student

open April

Allen Kevin

Lisa Michael

Emma Adam

Robert Alice

Stress Rule for Two-syllable Words: I tion, -sion, -cian and ic, -ical reduction musician correction permission instruction electrician complication occupation n politician n regulation verification contaminatio on generalization participation examination administratio on experimentati identification electrification systematizati

Stress Rule for the [n] ending: [n] prediction education -ic Atlantic narcotic dramatic automatic electric statistic terrific photographic domestic comic Pacific democratic robotic economic diplomatic Antarctic vacation impression magician commission election aggravation

Stress Rule for the ic ending: -ic economical comical technological political surgical chemical

Stress Rule for the ical ending: -ical J Two clear vowels together biology piano reaction reality geography geology create recreation association

K Two-syllable nouns and verbs record rebel object present permit conflict suspect insult import address

contract transport

export present

progress conflict

reject convert

L Two-word verbs a setup a holdup a lookout a tryout a checkout a turnoff a cutback set up hold up look out try out check out turn off cut back

M Compound nouns houseboat passport airline bathroom bookstore shoebox raincoat dishwasher keyboard

notebook lunchbox disk drive coffee pot

basketball bookmark key chain speed limit

baseball post office light bulb phone book

N Dialogue Conversation on a Train (Two commuters are talking while one their way to work in the city.) A: What business are you in? B: Photography. A: Oh yeah? Interesting. Is there a lot of money in it? B: Well, you have to look out for expenses. They can create a real problem. A: Really? And how much money do you need to set up a business like that? B: Oh, a lot! The setup is expensive-chemicals, photographic equipment. Lots of stuff. A: I see. Well, maybe Ill just stick to my present occupation.

5 Sentence focus A Content words content wordsstructure words Focus rule 1: content words Focus rule 2: content words B Emphasizing the focus word 1. My cat eats fish 2. He loves it. 3. But only fresh fish. 4. He eats slowly. 5. I dont know why he eats that way. I cant ________. (main verb) Hes riding a _______.(noun) The baby is __________.(main verb) Please hand me the ___________.(noun) The food is much too _________.(adjective) Im not sure ______________shes going.(question word) He drives ____________. (adverb) C Dialogue

Lost glasses A: You look confused! B: Thats because I lost my glasses! A: Whered you leave them? B: If I knew that, I could find them! D Structure word Pronouns, Prepositions, Articles, be to be verbs, Conjunctions, Auxiliary verbs Focus rule 3: Contraction 1.a.Theyve already gone. b.Theyd already gone. 2.a.Whered you put them? b.Wherell you put that? 3.a.Were shut down completely. b.Wed shut down completely. 4.a.Wed be pleased to help. b.Well be pleased to help. 5. a.Theyll cut the bread. b.Theyve cut the bread. 6.a.Whatve you put in the soup? b.Whatll you put in the soup? 7.a.Whered everybody go? b.Wherell everybody go? 8.a.Ive run in that race. b.Ill run in that race. Whats new? Howre you doing? Hows it going? Howve you been? Whats up? Whatll you have? Its great to see you! I dont believe it! Full form they have they had where did

He takes a bus to work. They wrote a letter to the president. I left an umbrella in your car. She runs or swims every day. and cream and sugar men and women rock and roll

big and little hamburgers and fries cat and dogs sandwich and coffee

rich and famous tables and chairs knives and forks bread and butter

salt and pepper boys and girls black and white ladies and gentlemen

E Silent H h Whats her name? Matt lost his jacket. Call him. Will he be there? I cant reach her. Has anyone seen him?

1.a.Did he go? b.Did she go? 2.a.Is her work good? b.Is his work good? 3.a.Give him a call. b.Give me a call. 4.a.Did you take her pen? b.Did you take your pen? 5.a.Is this his apartment? b.Is this Sues apartment? 6.a. Is he busy? b.Is she busy?

No, he didnt. Yes, she did. Yes, she does well. Yes, he does a great job. I dont have his number. Okay, whats your number? No, its mine. No, I forgot. No, he lives upstairs. No, she lives downstairs. No, he isnt. Yes, she is.

F Dialogue The Missing Singer A=Stage Manager, B=Assistant A: Wheres our singer? B: I think hes practicing, sir. A: But we need him on stage now! B: Well, you know how nervous he gets. A: Did you tell him the concerts about to start? B: Hes practicing just as fast as he can. G Limerick A Train Ride A singer once went to Vancouver, Thinking the move would improve her. But the trip was so long, And her voice grew so strong, At Toronto they had to remove her.

H Choosing the focus word Focus rule 4: The dog chased rabbit. Heres a package for you. Were waiting for you. Put this in the cabinet. What are you doing? I lost my key.

I Dialogue Focus rule 5: The Lost Hat A: I lost my hat. B: What kind of hat? A: It was a rain hat. B: What color rain hat? A: It was white. White plastic. B: Hmmm. There was a white hat in the car. A: Which car? B: The one I sold! Child at the Shoe Store A=Child B=Parent A: I want some shoes. B: What kind of shoes? A: The beautiful kind! B: Black or brown? A: Neither. Im tired of black and brown. I want red shoes. Shiny red shoes! A Traveler A=Travel Agent B=Traveler A: Where do you want to go? B: China. A: Where in China? To the north or to the south? B: Neither. Ive seen the north and south. Im going east. Two People on the Street Woman: What are they building? Man: Theyre building a school. Woman: What kind of school? Elementary or high school? Man: Neither. I think its a trade school.

A Tourist Tourist: Whats the best part of Canada? Canadian: That depends. Do you prefer the city or the countryside? Tourist: Well, I like scenery. Canadian: Then you should go to the far north of the country. Tourist: Do they have good shopping there? Canadian: Maybe youd better go to Toronto. Two Students A: What are you doing? B: Im studying. A: Studying what? Math or English? B: Neither. Im sick of math and English. Im studying nutrition, because Im always hungry. J Disagreeing and correcting A: He was in Spain for a week. B: No, he was in Spain for a month. Focus rule 6: I buy books at the library. I buy books at the library. Madrid is the capital of Germany. Madrid is the capital of Germany. Actual means in the present time. A ship is smaller than a boat. Is Dallas in California? Is Dallas in California? No, you borrow books at the library. No, you buy books at the book store. No, its the capital of Spain. No, Berlin is the capital of Germany. No, actual means real. I dont think so. A ship is bigger than a boat. No, its in Texas. No, but San Francisco is in California. He was in Spain for a week. No, he was in France for a week.

Korea is far away. Paris and London are countries. May is the fourth month of the year. Its not important to study hard at school. Russia is a small country. No, today is Tuesday. No, the wedding is on the fifth of April. I dont agree. We need more rain. But we prefer to keep the window open.

Blue is the best color for a car. No, I think its on page seven. K Dialogue Two Students Argue A: I bought some books at the library. B: They dont sell books at the library. They lend books there. They sell books at the bookstore. Didnt you know that? A: On Tuesdays they sell books at the library. Surplus books. B: Surplus? A: Books they dont need. Extra ones. B: I didnt know that. A: Theres a lot you dont know. L Emphasizing structure words A: Youll have to wait until youre old enough. B: But I am old enough! I think shes either scared or excited. Maybe shes scared and excited.

Focus rule 7: And and the auxiliary verb can are usually reduced. But these structure words are emphasized when they are the focus word in a sentence. Our specialties are steak and lobster. Which is more important-intelligence or effort? Did you call at eight or at nine? Do you think you can do the job? He can write well. Terrific! Ill have steak and lobster! Both. You need intelligence and effort. I called at eight and at nine. Yes, I can. Yes, he can, when he wants to.

M Dialogue A Short Commute A: how do you get to work in the morning? Do you walk or ride the bus? B: I walk here. You should walk to work too. Its good exercise. A: as a matter of fact, I do walk to work. B: But Ive seen you on the bus. A: Maybe you have, but how do you suppose I get to the bus? I walk. B: oh, so you walk and ride the bus. A: exactly. N Limerick Behold the hippopotamus! We laugh at how he looks to us, And yet in moments dark and grim

I wonder how we look to him. Peace, peace, thou hippopotamus! We really look all right to us, As you no doubt delight the eye Of other hippopotami. M 1 + +/j/ y be able play off, say it my own boyish 2. + Dream on! Put it on Play an important role in Find out 3. + Stop pushing Bad dog/good dog Blackboard 4. Have tohft/gotta Has tohzt Want towanna Going togonna Used toust illegal/irregular/impossiblein s+y z+y t+yt d+yd ts+yt dz+yd I miss you./I guess youre coming./pressure This is your book./leisure/usually Is that your book?/Dont you/feature Could you/would you/cordial Whats your name?/Whats your dream? She needs your help. +/w/ w two apples no action how are you