Commodity Sampler's Handbook

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| SAMPLERS HANDBOOK |
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| An Association of Lifelong Learning |
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| Dedicated to Self Improvement |
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United States v.1-3-93

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter-Page
Philosophy and History.........................1
Title Nomenclature.............................2
Membership.....................................3
&c ............................................4
The Chairman’s Eyes...... .....................5
SACS Certification Program for PM'S............6
Samplers Critique..............................7
Call for Papers................................8
International Weights and Measures.............9
Unified Conversion Factors...............10 1-22
Hazardous Chemicals Program...................11

Program Management....................11-3
Employee Information..................11-4
Training..............................11-4
Container Labeling....................11-5
Material Safety Data Sheets...........11-7
Sub Contractors. ...... . ..................11-7
Limitations.................................11-9
OSHA Final Rule............................11-10
MSDN contents..............................11-12
Selected definitions.......................11-14
Up or Out Policy..............................12
Advertising Policy............................13
i
The Samplers Kit..............................14
Spanish / English Greetings...................15
International Affiliates......................16
Independent Contractor/IRS Classification.....17
CENTREST 1 Program............................18
SACS Canon of Ethics...........................A

Constitution...........................A-3
Regional Affiliates...................A-10
By-laws...............................A-11
ISU Fiscal Report..............................B
CO9-A Form.....................................C
SOCIETY OF ACCREDITED COMMODITY SAMPLERS

P.O. BOX 351
SLATERSVILLE, R.I. 02876
FAX (603)521-2801
ii
Dear Members,
We are pleased to announce the formulation of a reference -

research library and museum with an educational foundation
eventually, dedicated to sampling and the related sciences.
This has been a dream since 1990, when RHO was developed
primarily for the acquisition of information related to
applied arts & sciences.
The dream of The Society Of Accredited Commodity Samplers,

then the International Sampling Union have given us the venue
to acquire this information. This is a facility dedicated to
the person out in the field.
We are undertaking a campaign which will make people aware

there is a place to deposit/share their sampling information.
The amount of written information obtained over one’s
lifetime is mind-boggling. Any type of reference material
concerning sampling would be appreciated. It's up to you! We
need your help in making people aware.
Again, if you know anyone who might have any information

pertaining to sampling, please let them know of us. This is
YOUR organization, participation is the key.
By the spring of 1998 we want to be on-line.
For mailing purposes only:
RHO Museum and Library

Of
Applied Arts and Sciences
C/O 15 Main Street
Nashua, New Hampshire 03060
FAX 603-521-2801
COPYRIGHT 1996
James P Roberge CSA
Nashua, N.H.
iii
SACS Philosophy and History
The Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers roots began in a secondary
gold refinery in upstate New York. I was working with the Senior Technical
Manager from a London based Sampling House.
We were walking through the melt shop and there were two REPS, one was
standing against some pallets, the other was sitting on a pallet playing some
type of electronic hand game. We had just finished talking about the less
than desirable reputation American Samplers have in Europe, primarily
because of our lack of experience, and there were the two reps. Right then
and there, SACS was born.
I have been able to work one on one with my counterparts from the UK. I've
spent many hours discussing how sampling is performed by the rest of the
world. During this time has shown me how a true professional conducts
sampling, above reproach and completely dedicated.
The intent of SACS is to improve the professionalism shown in the everyday

actions of Samplers, while being a clearinghouse for information and
upgrading skills needed in the performance of everyday activities.
The problem of the non-English speaking personnel knowing why they are
processing our Clients’ material in a certain way has already been an issue to
me personally on more than one occasion. As time goes on the technical
expertise seems to be diminishing on the production floor, even in the larger
refiners. This puts our Clients’ material at risk, this is unacceptable!
Our credo must be, "THE ELIMINATION OF RISK", on our Clients’ behalf.
James Roberge ACI, G.G., S.I.T., CSA

Chairman
Revised 09/01/96
(Initially the society started for anyone involved in precious metals sampling.
It has evolved into an International Society covering all samplers from
1
agricultural, metals, minerals, coal, oil and petrochemical to individuals who
perform pre-shipment inspections. Some of the materials sampled are
diamonds, colored stones, iron ore, concentrates of all kinds, scrap metals,
timber, to coffee, grain, flour, foodstuffs and cereals. The list is never ending.
I believe it was a matter of being in the right place at the right time and I
thank its members for their support and backing. The Risk to the client is
being eliminated one day at a time, through education and training of our
members.)
1-1
TITLE NOMENCLATURE
Sampling, is defined as the operation of removing a

representative part, convient in size for testing, from a
whole of much greater bulk, in such a way that the proportion
and distribution of the quantity to be measured are within
measureable limits, the same in both the whole and the part
removed.ie...The Sample
Less than five 5 years experience in their chosen

discipline:
 REPRESENTATIVE (REP)- A person who accompanies and or

witnesses the processing, packaging, and or
reclamation of a commodity, in order to verify,
according to a pre-described format with less than 5
years experience.
More than five 5 years experience in their chosen

discipline:
 SAMPLING REPRESENTATIVE (SR)-A person who at one time

worked doing processing, transporting or reclamation
of a commodity with at least 5 years experience.
 COMMODITY SAMPLER(CS)-One who personally separates and

or segregates a commodity in order to arrive at a
homogenous sample for recording or analyzing purposes
to establish a grade, species, price, value, or if
needed a volume and was at least a supervisor in an
environment pertaining to their expertise.
 COMMODITY SAMPLER ANALYST (CSA)-One who is trained in a

science or engineering discipline by a state accredited
2
 Institution and is able to accompany a sample into a
laboratory for the sake of establishing a grade,
species, price, value, or if needed a volume.
In the Precious Metals Industry:
SAMPLING REPRESENTATTIVE (SR). Once a commodity is delivered to a gold

refiner in sealed containers (any place in the world), the sampler takes
control and doesn't let the material out of sight until a homogenous portion
is removed which represents a true or real value of the entire amount, i.e.
40,000 troy ounces (2,700 pounds avoirdupois), should reduce down to from
10 troy ounces to 50 troy ounces depending whether it's all metal or all
powder (sweeps). From this individual samples are taken each weighing
between 1/2 troy ounces to 2 troy ounces and placed into double sealed
envelopes sealed with evidence security tape to insure integrity is
maintained.
Usually 3 or 4 samples are dispersed.
Shipper Receiver Reserve Umpire

Extra Tie Breaker
All metal
½ Troy ½ T.O ½ T.O ½ T.O
Ounces
All powder/Sweeps
2 T.O. 2 T.O. 2 T.O. 2 T.O.
Each entity then sends their sample to a different laboratory

for independent fire assays, (the company I worked for started
out as assayers in 1860 in England) and each has to be within
a certain range. The settlement is agreed upon between parties
for cash, precious metals or a credit to the material senders
account.
2-1
In The Metals Recycling Industry:
COMMODITY SAMPLER ANALYST (CSA). Samplers may just observe

the loading of a ship, or physically sample a cargo depending
on what the client is paying for. Sampling is undertaken
primarily on all shipments going to India and Turkey.
The system which is currently being used is the MSTC. MSTC

mandates, sampling for every 1000 metric tons (shredded
material only), and it usually averages about an hour to load
that amount by crane, onto a ship. If you use three people
and a grapple you might stand a chance of sampling approx 150
kg to 250 kg sample per hour at 1000 m/t loaded per hour. The
purpose of sampling or a visual inspection is to determine
the amount of 1.% of dirt/dust, less than 1 mm in size, 2.%
of cast iron, 3.% of paper, wood, or rubber, 4.% of
non-ferrous, i.e..copper 5.% of iron scrap. A typical cargo
has 3-5% cast iron, usually 8% is the highest allowable.
Total impurities consist of # 1, #3, and #4 < 1.5%. Density

of material is measured, and various standards are set in
advance by contract with maximum limits. Usually if the
dirt/rust, goes over 0.50 to 0.75%, a penalty in dollars is
assessed. If the total impurity level is beyond 1.5% the
loading of a ship CAN AND MUST be stopped by the sampler, and
all parties are to be notified immediately, because the amount
being paid per day for the ship rental and dock fees, range
from $10,000 to $25,000 per day.
There are over 125 different non-ferrous kinds of scrap metals
and over 70 different kinds of ferrous scrap metals in the
ISRI Scrap Specifications Circular 1994 Edition.
Samplers are used either to watch a commodity being reclaimed (in order to
get the best return on investment for the materials owners, gold-precious
metals) or to verify a commodity is what it is represented to be when
someone wants to purchase it (before shipping) or by Major Lending
Institutions for "Letter of Credit" purchases.
2-2
SACS MEMBERSHIP
ACTIVE
ASSOCIATE
LIFE
HONORARY
CORPORATE/SPONSOR, AKA SPONSOR
Active Members - Shall be restricted to active or retired samplers who spend

or spent at least 60% of their time practicing the art of sampling, outside an
office environment, and were not during the last 6 months in a supervisory or
management position by name or by action.
Associate Membership - Shall be restricted to active or retired persons other

than those eligible for active membership including those whose pursuit,
studies, sampling experience, and or practical knowledge qualifies them to
cooperate with the society in the development and advancement of
knowledge or sampling problems, i.e. Representatives of reclamation services
or commodity generators or producers, professors, instructors of tributary
disciplines in colleges or universities. Representatives of related industries
who are appointed officers in areas other than the Management of
Operations, or Representatives of public agencies.
Others, according to the needs of the society, not directly connected with
sampling management, and are subject to the approval of the Executive
Council. Associate members, shall have all the rights and privileges of the
society except those of holding office and voting. However, one member of
the Board of Directors may be an Associate member.
Life Membership - Shall be conferred upon Active and Associate members

who are retired by their company or agency, who have no ongoing paid
employment within the industry, such as consulting, and who have paid dues
continuously for ten years.
Honorary Membership – Shall be conferred only upon persons from the

ranks of the categories delineated in Section 2 and 3 of the Constitution,
whose outstanding achievements and or acknowledged eminence in the
practice of sampling makes them of exceptional value to the sampling
community.
3
Sponsors - May be any business whom shares the same philosophy as the
membership for the advancement of sampling.
3-1
MEMBERSHIP NOMINATION
Name Date of Birth
Address City/State/Zip
Spouse Name Home Tel.
Employment/Company Name
Address City/State/Zip
FAX Pager Number
Professional Affiliations:
SACS is dedicated to self improvement of its members. This is a voluntary

society devoid of employers or receivers participation in an official capacity,
and all applications will be reviewed without bias to sex, age, or national
origin.
Membership is based on your commitment, work ethic, enthusiasm,

professionalism and your INDUSTRY REPUTATION.
A more detailed life experience form will be forwarded in approximately 30

days. The membership process takes 3 to 6 months.
Two current SACS members from the membership committee must sponsor
your application.
Signature Date
3-2
THIS IS NOT OR WILL EVER BE
A LABOR UNION
IT IS AGAINST OUR BY-LAWS
3-3
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
INTERNATIONAL SAMPLING UNION
(A Research Collaborative)
The U.S. National Committee of the ISU (USNC-ISU), through
the Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers, invites
qualified scientists to apply for individual membership in
the International Sampling Union. If interested, complete the
attached application form and return it to the USNC-ISU
secretary. Nominations for membership by the USNC will ensure
an invitation to the ISU General Assembly.
The basic qualifications for membership are a record of

several years' productive, original work in sampling, or a
related field, and a willingness to be an active participant
in ISU affairs. The USNC-ISU has formulated the following
minimum criteria to nominate individuals for membership in
the ISU:
1. Ph.D. or equivalent advanced degree, received no later than

August 1991, and a record of continued research activity since
then, or an established and somewhat longer record of original
research or of substantial contributions to major sampling
programs.
2 Authorship or principal co-authorship of at least two

substantive scientific or technical papers in the refereed
journals or publication with similar high standards. If, and
only if, any of these papers have more than two authors, please
ask your sponsors to certify that you meet the criteria of
productive, original work in sampling. In this case, your
sponsor should send a brief note to the address given below.
3. The ISU stipulates that candidates must exhibit a "Desire

to assist in the fulfillment of the aims of the Union" and
sponsors should bear this stipulation in mind. The USNC-ISU
will be asked to recommend to which Commission the candidates
should be appointed. Please obtain your sponsor's advice
about the different Commissions and their work Applications
will be notified of acceptance by the USNC during
January/June. Those accepted will automatically receive
invitations to participate in the next Congress.
3-4
Those denied membership will receive invitations on a
case-by-case basis. Membership will be officially approved
by the ISU at the next Congress.
3-5
Application for Nomination to ISU
Membership
By the U.S. National Committee for ISU 1997
Please read the background information attached to this form
If more space is needed, use a separate sheet, signed and
attached. Responses must be provided in the format below.
Please type or print in black ink.
Please check all the boxes below where

the associated statements apply.
This form is intended primarily for citizens or permanent
residents of the USA. If you meet this criterion, please check
the box to the left. If you do not, please attach an
explanation of your reason for applying to the USNC-ISU.
□ Applying only for an Invitation to the Congress.
□ Have had your Ph.D. since 1991.
□ Have authored or been the principal co-author of at

least two substantive papers, each of which has two or
fewer authors.
□ Are a member of the Society of Accredited Commodity

Samplers.
1. Full Name Citizenship
2. Date and place of birth
3. Residency status, if not a citizen
4. Address where you can be reached between now and June 1997:
3-3
5. Telephone FAX E-Mail
6. Institution where you will be in January of 1997
3-6
(If different from item 4 & 5)
Address, telephone, FAX, e-mail; title of your position:
Title
Address
Telephone FAX E-Mail
7. Chronological list of colleges and universities attended,

with degrees received, major subjects, and dates.
8. Titles of, and references to, the two most important

scientific papers or publications which you are the sole
author of or the principal co-author.
Please attach a complete bibliography of your

publications. DO SEND REPRINTS OR PREPRINTS.
9. Main field(s) of research. Ask your sponsor which

commissions are appropriate for these specialties, and give
the commission numbers.
10. Professional employment history: Chronological list of

institutions which you worked, titles of position(s), and
dates. Including fellowships, visiting lectureship,
sabbaticals, etc. If unemployed at some time, please explain
the circumstances.
11. Professional and honor societies of which you are a

member.
12. Miscellaneous special distinctions (prizes, awards,

special lectureships, etc.)
13. Names and addresses, telephone numbers/fax numbers /

e-mail addresses of two (and only two) members of the ISU who
are willing to certify that the application meets the criteria
for the membership in the ISU, as described in the General
Information.
3-7
1. Name
Address City/state/Zip
2. Name
Address City/state/Zip
Please complete and return this form to:

Danielle Daneault
Secretary, USNC-ISU
c/o SACS
PO Box 351
Slatersville Rhode Island, USA 02876
FAX 603-521-2801
Please enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope if you wish an

acknowledgment that this application has been received.
3-8
&c
FAX-ON-DEMAND 01* MENU LIST CALLER ACCESS for Fax #
603-598-1366
Incoming Calls
|1st level out going message (OGM)
+--leave fax message press ### now, or to leave voice message
wait till after the beep, or press either
+---- 02* 03*
+------ level out going message from
+-------- or FAX or Voice
| OGM On On
| Demand Demand
| OGM OGM
01* 02* 03* 04* 05*
01* 02*.....98*99*
01* 02* ....98* 99*Iilbox FAX-on-Demand
Voice-on-Demand
01* James Roberge 01* Menu List
02* Danielle Daneault 02* SACS Membership Info
03* William Perry 03* SACS Rules of Practice
04* Theodore Bell 04* SACS Certification Program
05* Bruce Crockett 05* ISU Membership Info
Access Code Required, members only from here on (first

input region number, then membership number, then # sign).
FAX-on-Demand cont. Voice-on-Demand cont.

07* SACS Nominating Committee 02* SRE Exam dates
08* SACS Auditing Committee 03* Presidents Report
09* SACS Meeting Arrangement & Programs
10* SACS Procedure's & Resources
+--------------------------+
11* SACS Membership Committee | Society of Accredited |
12* SACS Industry Liaison | Commodity Samplers |
13* Region #1 ME,NH,Vt,Ma,RI,Ct. | PO Box 351 |
14* Region #2 NY | Slatersville, R.I. 02876 |
4
15* Region #3 NJ,Pa | FAX 603-521-2801 |
16* Region #4 OH,Ind,Ill,Mich *---------------------+
17* Region #5 Del,MD,DC,Va,WV 18* Region #6 NC,SC,Ga,Fl
19* Region #7 Ky,Tn,AL,Miss 20* Region #8 Ar,La,Ok,TX
21* Region #9 Mont,Ida,Wy, 22* Region #10 CO, NM, AZ,
UT, NV, Wa.
23* Region #11 No.California,
24* Region #12 So. California
25* Region #13 Hawaii, Alaska
4-1
Common Chemical Symbols
Element Symbol Atomic # Approximate
Melting temp F
Aluminum Al 13 1210
Antimony Sb 51 1160
Beryllium Be 04 2425
Bismuth Bi 83 475
Cadmium Cd 48 577
Carbon C 06 ----
Chromium Cr 24 2900
Cobalt Co 27 2660
Copper Cu 29 1980
Gallium Ga 31 5355
GOLD Au 79 1945
Hafnium Hf 72 3050
Iridium Ir 77 4230
Iron Fe 26 2795
Lead Pb 82 621
Magnesium Mg 12 1170
Manganese Mn 25 2268
Mercury Hg 80 ----
Molybdenum Mo 42 4720
Nickel Ni 28 2600
Osmium Os 76 4860
Palladium Pd 46 2826
Platinum Pt 78 3256
Rhenium Re 75 5400
Rhodium Rh 45 3519
Selenium Se 34 396
Silicon Si 14 2556
SILVER Ag 47 1761
Tantalum Ta 73 5425
Tin Sn 50 449
Titanium Ti 22 3208
Tungsten W 74 6100
Vanadium V 23 1710
Zinc Zn 30 786
4-2
POPULAR AND SCIENTIFIC
NAMES OF CHEMICALS
Popular Chemical Formula
Name Name
alcohol, grain ethyl alcohol C2H5OH
alcohol, wood methyl alcohol CH3OH
alum, common aluminum AIK(SO4)2*12H2O

potassium sulfate
alumina aluminum oxide AL2O3
alundum fused aluminum AL2O3

oxide
antichlor sodium Na2S2o3*5h2o
thiosulfate
aqua ammonia ammonium hydroxideNH4OH+H2O
solution
aqua fortis nitric acid HNO3
aqua regia nitric and HNO3+HC1

hydrochloric acid
aromatic spirits ammonia gas in alcohol
of ammonia
asbestos magnesium silicate Mg3Si2O7*2H2O
aspirin acetylsalicylic C2H3O2C6H4CO2H

of ammonia
baking soda sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
banana oil barium oxide BaO

bauxite impure aluminum AL2O3
oxide
benzol benzene C6H6
bichloride of mercury chloride HgCl2

mercury
black lead graphite C
black oxide of Cupric oxide CuO

copper
4-3
black oxide of Mercurous oxide Hg2O
mercury
bleaching powder Calcium CaOCL2

hypochlorite
bluestone copper sulfate CuSO4*5H2O
blue vitriol copper sulfate --------
boracic acid boric acid H3BO3
borax sodium borate Na2B4O7*1OH2O
brimstone sulfur S
brine strong sodium NaCL H2O

solution chloride
"butter of"― chlorid‖ or

trichloride of
caliche impure sodium NaNO3

nitrate
calomel Mercurous Hg2CL2

chloride
carbonic acid phenol C6H5OH
carbonic acid gas carbon dioxide CO2
caustic potash potassium KOH

hydroxide
caustic soda sodium hydroxide NaOH
chalk calcium carbonate CaCO3
chile saltpeter sodium nitrate NaNO3
chloroform trichloromethane CHCL3

chrome alum chromium CrK(so4)2*12H20
potassium
chrome yellow lead chromate PbCrO4
4-4
copperas ferrous sulfite FeSO487h2O
corrosive mercuric chloride HgCL2

sublimate
cream of tarter potassium bitartrate KHC4H4O6
crocus powder ferric oxide Fe2O3
DDT dichlorodiphenyl- (C6H)*CL2*CH*CCL3

trichloromethane
dry ice solid carbon dioxide CO2
emery powder pure aluminum oxide AL2O3
epsom salts_ochenesium sulfate MgSO4*7H2O
ethanol ethyl alcohol C2H5OH
ether ethyl ether (C2H5)2O
fluorspar natural calcium fluoride CaF2
formalin formaldehyde HCOH
french chal_ochelral magnesium H2Mg(SiO3)4

silicate
galena natural lead sulfide PbS
glauber's salt sod’um sulfate Na2SO4*1OH2O
green vitriol ferrous sulfate FeSO4*7H2O
gypsum natural calcium sulfate CaSO4*2H2O
hypo sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3*5H2O
javelle water originally potassium KOCI+H2O

hypochlorite solution,
now usually sodium hypochlorite solution NaOCI+H2O
4-5
labarraque's sodium h’pochlorite NaOCI+H2O
solution solution
lime, unslaked calcium oxide CaO
limewater calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2+H2O

solution
litharge lead oxide PbO
lithophone zinc sulfide plus ZnS+BaSO4

sulfate
Magnesia magnesium oxide MgO
Magnesite magnesium carbonate MgCO3
Marble calcium carbonate CaCO3
marsh gas methane CH4
methanol methyl alcohol CH3OH
methylated smethyl alcohol CH3oh

spirit
milk of magnesia magnesium hydroxide in Mg(OH)2

water
minimum lead tetroxide Pb3O4
"muriate of― chloride ‖f

hydrochloric acid HCL
natural gas mostly methane CH4
niter potassium nitrate KNO3
oil of bitter benzaldehyde C6H5CHO
almonds(artificial)
oil of mirbane nitrobenzene C6H5NO3
oil of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4

4-6
oil of methyl salicylate C6H4OHCOOCH3
wintergreen
(artificial)
oleum fuming sulfuric acid H2SO4SO3
orpiment arsenic trisulfide AS2S3
paris green copper aceto-arsenite 3Cu(AsO2)2*-

Cu(c2H3O2)2
pearl ash potassium carbonate K2CO3
peroxide peroxide of hydrogen H202+H20

solution
phosgene carbonyl chloride COCL2
plaster of paris calcium sulfate (CaSO4)*H2O
plumbago graphite C
potash potassium carbonate K2CO3
prussic acid hydrocyanic acid HCN
pyro pyrogallic acid C6H3(OH0#
quicklime calcium oxide CaO
quicksilver mercury Hg
red lead lead tetroxide Pb3O4
red oxide cuprous oxide Cu2O

of copper
red oxide mercury oxide HgO

of mercury
red prussiate potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6

of potash
rochelle sa_ochellesium sodium KNaC4H4O6*4H2O

tartrate
rouge ferric oxide Fe2O3

4-7
sal ammoniac aluminum chloride NH4CL
saleratus sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
sal soda crystalline sodium NaHCO3

carbonate
salt sodium chloride NaCL
salt cake impure sodium sulfate Na2SO4
saltpeter potassium nitrate KNO3
saltpeter(chile) impure sodium nitrate NaNO3
salt of lemon potassium binoxalate KHC2*H2O
salt of tarter potassium carbonate K2CO3
silica silicon dioxide SiO3
slake lime calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
soapstone impure magnesium H2Mg3(SiO3)4

silicate
soda ash dry sodium carbonate Na2CO3
spirit of ammonia gas in alcohol ------

hartshorn
spirit of salt hydrochloric acid HCL
spirits of wine ethyl alcohol C2H5OH
sugar of lead lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)-

2*3H20
sulfuric ether ethyl ether (C2H5)2O
talc magnesium silicate H2Mg3(SiO3)4
TNT trinitrotoluene C6H2CH3(NO3)3
toluol toluene C6H5CH3

4-8
vinegar dilute and impure CH3COOH
acetic acid
washing soda crystalline sodium NaHCO
carbonate
water glass sodium silicate Na2SiO3
white arsenic arsenic trioxide As2O3
white lead basic lead carbonate (PbCO3)*Pb(OH)2
white vitriol zinc sulfate ZnSO*7H2O
whiting powdered calcium CaCO3

carbonate
wood alcohol methyl alcohol CH3(CH3)2
Xylol Xylene C6H4(CH3)2
Zinc white zinc oxide ZnO
4-9
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
LITHIUM MOST ACTIVE

POTASSIUM
CALCIUM
SODIUM
MAGNESIUM
ALUMINUM
ZINC
CHROMIUM
IRON
NICKEL
TIN
LEAD
hydrogen----------------------------GUIDEPOST
BISMUTH
COPPER
MERCURY
SILVER GOLD
Any metal above hydrogen is more active than hydrogen, and

so will displace this gas from such acids as sulfuric and
hydrochloric. Metals below hydrogen cannot displace it from
any of the acids
4-10
METALS TESTING OPTIONS
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Atomic absorption spectroscopy measurers the concentration

of dissolved metals in solutions. A liquid sample with
dissolved metals in it is aspirated into an ionizing flame.
A light source is generated by passing an electrical current
through a pure element within a sealed tube. The energy of
the exciting element is released at distinct energy levels
as ultraviolet or visible light. The light is passed through
the flame, the ionized dissolved metals absorb some of the
energy, and a detector on the other side of the flame registers
the energy loss. The energy difference is converted to
concentration by the instrument. The atomic absorption
technique is used to measure the amount of dissolved metals
present in fluxes, cleaning solutions, or waste treatment
waters. It is also used to help identify copper and solder
impurities, corrosion residues, and other residues.
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Ion chromatography measurers the concentration of dissolved

anions and cations in solutions. A liquid sample is injected
into high pressure chromatographic stream. The stream is at
high pressure die to the chromatography column which is a
packed bed of strongly ionic resin materials. As the
chromatographic stream with the sample passes through the
resin material different ions in the sample are more strongly
attracted to the resin causing a separation of the sample in
the stream. As a result the sample in the stream exiting the
column will have been separated into distinct bands of ions.
A detector measurers the increase in ionic activity as the
stream with the ions flows through it. The ionic activity is
converted to ion concentration by the instrument. The ion
chromatography technique is used to measure the amount of ions
present in fluxes, cleaning solutions or waste treatment
waters. It is very useful in determining the cause of
corrosion residues and measuring residual halides since it
can differentiate chloride and bromide ions.
4-11
CORROSION TESTING
Corrosion testing measurers the rate of corrosion on surfaces

over time. The test is usually done in a controlled
atmospheric chamber. A cleaned test coupon or sample is
weighed then suspended in a solution for a set period of time.
The coupon is then removed from the solution and reweighed
for weight loss. The weight loss per surface area can be
calculated for loss over a much longer time frame.
The corrosion test is useful in determining the effect of
fluxes and cleaners on the metals used for manufacturing
equipment.
STEREO OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
The stereo optical microscope allows for the close three

dimensional examination of surfaces. The microscope is set
on a moveable stage so that even fairly large assemblies can
be examined. The optical examination of surfaces is used for
first pass examination of residues and failures.
FOURNIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Fournier transform infrared spectroscopy is a technique that

measurers wavelengths in the infrared region of light. Light
from an infrared source is passed through a sample, which is
either a thin solid film or a liquid. If the sample contains
a compound that will absorb different wavelengths of light
produced by the source, the absence of that wavelength is
detected. The detector scans the infrared spectrum to find
what has been absorbed. Organic compounds such as oils and
solvents are identified by this method.
ARC SPARK EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Arc spark emission spectroscopy applies a high voltage

alternating current spark to a solid sample which serves as
an end to an electrode. The induced current causes the
emission of energy from the elements in the solid sample. The
emission energy from the element is measured by a detector.
4-12
The energy difference is converted to concentration by the
instrument. This technique is used for the analysis of scrap
metals and solder SN,AU.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
The scanning electron microscope is an x-ray imaging machine.

X-ray from a radioactive source bombard the surface to be
analyzed. The reflected x-rays are measured by a
scintillation detector, like a Geiger meter, then the
reflected image is sent to a video output device or to a camera
for photographs. In addition, a chemical analyzer can be
attached to the detector to get chemical information from the
x-rays being reflected by the surface. This technique is
excellent for the micro determination of failures in
assemblies since it gives the closest picture possible of a
very small area with chemical information about the surface.
4-13
COLOR IS
Hue Tone Saturation:
The color of the clothes has a great control in the way people
perceive your actions. Red, orange, or bright colors excite
the eye and brain. Green, blue ect. cool colors calm, purple
is the color most people do not mind or have little hostility
towards! Wear cool colors it does matter.
Describing a color of a material takes three things hue, tone

and saturation. Your ability to describe color sensibly, will
save you work in the long run.
The following is a list for describing color of any material.

Hue Abbreviation
reddish purple rP
purple P
bluish Purple bP
violet V
bluish violet bV
violetish vB
blue B
very slight greenish blue vslgB
greenish blue gB
very strongly greenish blue vstgB
green-blue/blue-green GB/BG
very strong bluish green vstbG
bluish green bG
4-14
very slight bluish green vslbG
green G
slight yellowish green slG
yellowish green yG
strong yellowish green styG
yellow-green/green-yellow YG/GY
greenish yellow gY
yellow Y
orangy yellow oY
yellowish orange yO
orange O
reddish orange rO
red-orange/orange red RO/OR
orangey red oR
red R
slight purplish red slpR
strong purplish red stpR
red-purple/purple-red RP/PR
Tone Abbreviation
0 Colorless/white c/w
1 light light
2 medium m
3 dark d
4 black bl
4-15
Saturation Abbreviation
1 grayish/brownish gr/br
2 slight grayish/brownish slgr/slbr
3 very slight grayish/brownish vslgr/vslbr
4 moderate m
5 moderate strong mst
6 very strong vst
4-16
EXTRA
SHEET
4-17
F.R.E.D.S. LAW
SWEEPS
(Fines - Powders)
The following is the manufacturing process instruction for

sweeps sampling. This is to be used as a guideline only to
represent a minimum standard, THIS IS NOT THE ONLY WAY! COMMON
SENSE MUST PREVAIL.
After the blending of material has taken place, all material

is placed into containers and a sample is extracted from each
container. The ideal instrument is a brass seed thief, which
has the ability to close tight in order for all material to
be removed forming a vertical column which is representative
of the container top to bottom.
The material is placed onto a cleaned surface, usually paper

which allows the material to be rolled by means of securing
the paper corners with your fingers and tumbling the material
by grabbing each of the four corners in random sequence in
order to mix the material thoroughly. The material takes the
form of a loaf of bread without pointed ends if done properly.
The material must be rolled at least 24 times in order to be
mixed thoroughly. Once this is completed, you flatten the
material to a thickness of from 1 to 3 inches which looks like
a cake in a flat pan, then you draw a rectangular grid of
approx. 1 to 2 inch squares on top of the entire sample from
top to bottom.
You then use a flat knife approximately 1 inch wide to remove
in a random pattern material and place it into a tarred, clean
plastic bottle or bag. The number of samples and weights are
predetermined by the participants. A breakdown of samples may
be as follows;
CLIENT 1 or 2 usually 1/4 lbs. each

Umpire / Reserve usually 1/4 lbs.
Refiner from 1/4 to 1 lbs.
Each circumstance is different
These samples must be sealed immediately (Client 1&2,
Umpire/Reserve)
Weight may be in either lbs. or ounces (Avdp./troy)
4-18
The client or refiner sample are removed to their respective
analytical laboratory’s where the moisture are determined.
This process involves the use of a stainless steel or Pyrex
dish, which is tarred on a recently calibrated gram scale.
A test weight must be used in order to verify the scales
accuracy. Grams should be read to .01 places and the practice
of significant figures’ should be utilized.
The tarred dish is filled with material from the sample,
weighed in grams then placed into an oven at a temperature
of at least 110 C. for approx. 12 hours. The dish should be
allowed to cool preferably inside an vacuum dish for approx.
½ hour, then re-weighed and the tare of the empty dish should
be subtracted from the total weight in order to have an
accurate weight for just the material.
The end sample weight is subtracted from the beginning weight
and the difference is noted then the beginning weight is
divided by the difference and multiplied by 100, the number
is read as a percent moisture of the original total material;
Beginning: filled dish 626.72

Empty dish weight in grams -256.37
370.35
Ending: filled dish weight 626.22 after 12 hours in oven

Empty dish weight in grams -256.37
369.37
Beginning 370.35
Ending -369.85
0.50 grams
0.50 divided by 370.35=1.35E-3 or 0.00135 x 100 =0.14%
This percentage is multiplied by the net wet settlement weight

minus any client sample weights, to arrive at the net
settlement weight.
4-19
B-SCRAP
1. We have the best scrap you'll find anywhere.
2. The last shipment had a density of 75.
3. It may be light metal but it stows well.
4. What dirt!!!!
5. We have shipped this material for years and never had a

problem.
6. Trust me, we don't load from that pile.
7. We load with a magnet so you won't get any dirt.
8. If you had said something we could have done something.
9. I'll get you a truck for the density tomorrow.
10. That's impossible!!! Not in our material.
11. Don't worry, we told the pay loader operator to keep the
bucket off the ground.
12. They were here, they knew what they bought.
13. After all, it is scrap iron.
4-20
MELT SHEET
LOT NUMBER LOCATION
FURN #______
DATE CONTAINER DESCRIPTION
ADVISED WEIGHTS MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
___ flux added ___ soda ___borax ___lump charcoal
SAMPLES TO BE TAKEN SHOT( ) PIN( ) OTHER ( )
CLIENT___T/O CLIENT___T/O UMPIRE___T/O RESERVE___T/O

LAB___T/O
EXCESS___T/O SLAG WEIGHT_____T/O
ASSAY FOR Au/AG/PT/Pd/Ir/Rh/Ru/Cu.
Melt Time _______ by whom_______ No. of pieces________
Paper _____ A Plastic____ B Ceramic/ Glass____ C
Oily _____ D Damp _____ E Wet/ Dirty _____ F
Heavy _____ G Heavy _____ H Heavy Red/White____ I

Powder Sulfide Fumes
Synthetic_____ J Tape _____ K Un melted pieces_____ L
Magnetic _____ M Pasty _____ N Wax/loaded _____ O

Compound
4-21
Emery _____ P Slaggy _____ Q Other _______________X
Paper/wheels
Keep slag separate____ Return_______ Seal#_________________
Render____________
Recovery ______ % Settlement weight _____________T/O
4-22
UNIT WIRE TABLE
WEIGHT OF ONE FOOT OF ROUND WIRE .001‖ DIAMETER

1 FOOT X .001‖ (DIAMETER)
DWTS. TROY
10% Iridio Platinum .0021395%

Iridio Platinum .002135
Platinum .002130
Palladium .001192
24K Gold .001923
18K Gold .001548
18K Gold, yellow .001548
18K Gold, white .001454
14K Gold, green .001410
10K Gold, green .001095
Fine Silver .001041
Sterling Silver .001028
Coin Silver .001023
Copper .000890
Take the number of thousands in the diameter of the wire whose

weight you wish to determine, square that figure and multiply
the product by the weight of 1 foot of the corresponding metal
shown in the above table. The result will be the weight of
one foot of the wire. To find the weight of the entire piece
multiply one foot by the number of feet in the piece.
EXAMPLE
To find the weight of 50 feet of fine silver wire .02‖ diameter
20x20=400
400 x .001041.4164 dwts. The weight of 1 foot multiplied x
50 = 20.805 dwts
For square wire the process is the same, but square wire is
1.27324 times as heavy as round wire the same gauge.
Dwts. Troy for 1 foot 001‖dia. X 7910 grams meter 1mm. dia.
4-23
UNIT WIRE TABLE
WEIGHT OF A SQUARE INCH OF METAL .001" THICK
1"X1"X .001" TROY OUNCE DWTS.TROY
10% Iridio Platinum .011349 .22698

5% Iridio Platinum .011325 .22650
Platinum .011301 .22602
Palladium .006322 .12644
24K Gold .010200 .20400
18K Gold, green .008375 .16750
18K Gold, yellow .008211 .16422
18K Gold, white .007712 .15424
14K Gold, green .007482 .14964
14K Gold, yellow .006885 .13770
14K Gold, white .006642 .13284
10K Gold, green .005810 .11662
10K Gold, yellow .006096 .12192
10K Gold, white .005832 .11664
Fine Silver .005525 .11050
Sterling Silver .005457 .10914
Coin Silver .005430 .10860
Copper .004710 .09438
To find the weight of a piece of any of the above metals of

any given size and thickness, multiply the weight of one
square inch of the metal 001" thick, as shown above, by the
decimal thickness desired, and then multiply this product by
the number of square inches in the given piece. The result
will be the troy weight of the piece.
EXAMPLE
Required - the weight of a piece of 14k yellow gold 3" x 4",

gauge 20". From the table, one square inch of 14K yellow gold
.001" thick, weighs .13770 dwts. 1 square inch .20" thick
weighs twenty times .13770 or 2.7540 dwts. Since there are
3 x 4 or 12 x 2.7540 dwts. or 33.048 dwts.
Troy ounces for 1" x 1" x .001" x 189.8 = grams for 1 cm. x
1 cm. x 1 mm.
4-24
4-20
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS
In recording measurements, an indication of the accuracy

attained is the number of digits (significant figures)
recorded. By definition, the number of significant figures
in any value indicates the positive (certain) digits plus one
(only one) digit that is estimated and, therefore
questionable. For example, a weight of 654.87 grams is said
to have five significant figures; in this case the first four
digits are certain and the last is questionable. To be
consistent with the theory of errors, it is essential that
data be recorded with the correct number of significant
figures. If a significant figure is dropped off in recording
a value, the time spent in acquiring certain accuracy has been
wasted. On the other hand, if data is recorded with more
figures than those that are significant, false accuracy will
be implied and the time may be wasted in making computations.
The number of significant figures is often confused with the
number of decimal places. Decimal places may have to be used
to maintain the correct number of significant not indicate
significant figures. Some examples follow;
Two significant figures: 62,6.2,0.62,0.062,0.0062

Three significant figures: 391,39.1, 0.00000391
Zeros at the end of an integral value may cause difficulty

because they may or may not indicate significant figures. In
the value 3600 it is not known how many figures are
significant; there may be two, three, or four. One method of
eliminating this uncertainty is to place a bar over the last
significant figure, as in 3600, 2600, 0r 3600. Another method
is to express the value in terms of power of 10; the
significant figures in the measurement are written as a number
between 1 and 10, including the correct number of zeros at
the end, and the decimal point is placed by annexing a power
of 10.
4-25
As an example 3600 becomes 3.600 x (10)3 if both zeros are
significant, 3.60 x (10)3 if one is and 3.6 x (10)3 if there
are only two significant figures.
Rounding off numbers is the process of dropping one or more
digits so that the answer contains only those digits that are
significant or necessary. The rounding off of numbers to any
degree of accuracy should use the following procedure:
1. when the digit to be dropped is lower than 5, the number
is written without the digit. 24.221 = 24.22.
2. When the digit to be dropped is exactly 5, then the nearest
even number is used for the preceding digit. 24.225 = 24.22
3. When the digit to be dropped is greater than 5, the number
written with the preceding digit increased by one. Thus 24.226
= 24.23.
4-25
EXTRA
SHEET
4-22
THE CHAIRMAN’S EYES
KEEPING YOUR MATERIAL FROM BEING COMPROMISED
I've just received one of the official anniversary replica

balance scales for my desk it's about 1 foot tall made from
brass and gold plated very impressive. Along with the scale
I received a certificate of authenticity which spoke of during
the gold rush (1849) in California this type of scale,
"weighed about $50,000,000.00 worth of ore." and one of the
original scale was obtained by a famous western museum and
was disassembled and cleaned-and found to be rigged- which
is an indication of the feverish frenzy for wealth that the
rush for gold had instilled.
In 1996, "The frenzy lives on," I guess!
The following is a brief synopsis of my week of 9/23/96 at

a Major Primary Refiner in the United States:
09/23/96 Monday 15:00 HRS.
I have been working at this refinery for the past two years
approximately every two three months and the following is only
a brief look at what goes on there!
I was working at this refinery for a client whom has material

there approximately every month or so in the 4,000 lbs to 5,000
lbs range. This client is a major company in the jewelry
business.
I was on the production floor when, the supervisor comes up

to me and says, "You’re getting in trouble again." I asked
him what he was talking about, Manny asked, "Why I told the
second shift operators to leave my material alone?" I informed
Manny that I had gone up to the operators at the beginning
of their shift and told them, "I had two lots inside ball mill
# 9 & # 10, and I just wanted to make you (the operators) aware
they were my lots," (because accidents happen, then I walked
away to my observation point),
5
period end of conversation between me and the operators.
I told him, "I would never tell any of his people to do anything
because, that is not or will ever be my job, I am just an
observer and would never over step my bounds, and what did
he mean, I was getting in trouble again".
09/24/96 Tuesday 14:00 HRS.
I was sitting in the lunch room when he came up to me and asked,

"Why had I let those two lots be separated and I should have
not let this happen!" He was intimating I was in control and
I let him know, "he was the boss and I didn't let anything
happen."
About twenty minutes later Manny approached me and asked,

"what I wanted to do with these three lots on the second
shift," I informed him, "I would stay as late as he wanted
me too," he said, "He was concerned about my safety, because
last night I had stayed until 9:00 PM and he didn't want me
passing out, ?, because of the hours I was working and it was
against the law for anyone to work for more than 12 hours per
day and he didn't want to be responsible for my safety and
I should go to my hotel and get some rest. I told him again,
I would stay as late as he needed, He then asked, about when
I wanted to sample these lots, if the second shift people could
do it when I wasn't there. I informed him we would do the
sampling on the first shift tomorrow. He said ok, end of
conversation.
09/26/96 Thursday 08:05 HRS.
Manny approached me and told me, "I was to watch my lot being
loaded then go into the lunch room and wait until my lot was
finished, because I was not wearing a mask and I was almost
run over by a fork truck, his people were complaining about
me.
I told him it was not acceptable and I went into the lunch
room which is approximately 300 feet away from the area I was
currently working in (I asked the industrial engineer for that
company in front of (A) how far it was to the area I was working
in).
He then came into the lunch room a short while later and tried
to engage me into a verbal duel I didn't!
5-1
I just informed Manny I would probably get fired because of
him if the conversation continued and would he stay away from
me until I could make my superior aware of the situation at
9:00 HRS.
He came back into the lunch room and said I was over next to
the outside door yesterday and I looked like I was spying on
his people and that made them nervous. I informed him I had
forgotten my respirator in my car outside and the air was much
better there. Manny told me, "in every other refinery the reps
had to stay in their booth and could only leave when either
their material was being loaded, weighed or unloaded and I
should only leave the lunch room when these things were being
done."
I informed Manny he was the only person I knew in the business
who’s tried this and I didn't want to argue with him, would
he please leave me alone!"
09/26/96 9:05 HRS.
He told me to get a chair and sit in front of the ball mill

and don't be walking around the equipment!
I told (A) at no time did I go inside the red lines,(which
the company painted on the floor around the equipment in order
to keep reps from getting to close to the equipment where they
might get hurt). He said, ― He didn't want me moving around
the AREA AT ALL, just sit there, out in front in the main alley
way.‖
About 15 minutes later Manny approached me in the lunch room

and said, ―He was not saying I had to stay in the lunch room
he MEANT I had to wearing a canister filtration mask when I
was on the floor, it was against OSHA laws for me to be exposed
to the types of material (cadmium)and in the future if I had
a mask on I could be on the floor around my material as much
as I wanted, just stay in front of the equipment on the stairs
from #6 ball mill where everyone knew where I was!‖
(the stairs are inside the red lines drawn on the floor to
keep reps out for their safety!!!
09/27/96 08:00 HRS. Friday
One of the ball mill operators had been gesturing towards me

for the last couple of days; I usually just nod my head and
smile when I don't have a respirator on or when I pass him
around the plant because I don't speak Spanish.
5-2
This AM he was pointing towards the other operators either
thumbs up or down depending on who he liked I guess? I walked
towards him with my hand extended in a gesture to shake his
hand, he pulled down his respirator and said, He had been here
for nine years and didn't give a sh_t about me, he just smiled
spit on the floor grabbed his genital area with both hands
and walked away.
The department supervisor saw the entire episode because I

just looked at him as the employee walked away!
The supervisor told me his superior (A) was told about this
employee, but this troubled employee was still there.
09/27/96 8:25 HRS.
(A) just walked to where I was sitting in my chair in front

of the equipment which was processing my material and made
the ok sign with his fingers, because I was sitting down where
he told me too, I guess? I pointed towards the
painted red lines which I was sitting inside and pulled off
my respirator, he said it didn't matter where I was sitting
as long as I had my mask on and if I wanted to move outside
the red lines I could ( I didn't).
About one hour later, I gave (A) the supervisor, a copy of

the SACS Samplers Handbook and told him, I had been working
on this for the last couple of years.
I left this refinery at about 12:00 noon this day with a big
handshake from (A) and he hoped to see me again soon.
The proceeding is only one side of what occurred this week

9/23/96 and is my interpretation of what happened and is
totally biased, but you get the gist of what is occurring to
your material when it get to this MAJOR primary refiner.
I spoke with my Division Manager, Lee, who is my immediate

supervisor, on 10/01/96 at noon, Tuesday, who had all the
field notes and faxes about the complete week, and asked him
if he had talked to Manny, he said, ―He had higher priorities,
and had not spoken to Manny!‖
IF I HADN'T BEEN THERE!!!!
5-3
I know that you believe you understand what you think I said,
but I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what
I meant."
Jim 10/02/96
If you have a story you'd like to share, send it to SACS c/o

THE CHAIRMAN’S EYES
5-4
EXTRA
SHEET
5-5
DOES YOUR PRECIOUS METAL REFINER
SUBSCRIBE TO THE SACS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
PURPOSE:
To insure the elimination of risk on our clients behalf

through consistent Methods & Procedures with strong
accountability controls for the elimination of contamination
of materials, as observed by SACS members worldwide.
Methods & Procedures
1.) Certify scales twice a year and have test weights

available to prove the scale is functionally correct. Have
the name, date, address also the initials of the person who
last certified the scale available at the scale, affixed by
a seal or affidavit.
2.) Weigh material.•
3.) Be able to visually inspect inside equipment for

cleanliness, at the samplers discretion.
4.) All conveyors must have a clean out at its lowest point
to prevent contamination.
5.) All screens must have the option of a visual inspection

by the sampler before and after each process.
6.) Samplers must have access to the crucible before, during

and after each process and have the option of viewing the melt
at no greater distance than 5 feet, without bothering the
Melter/helper. Face shields and safety equipment must be
available and at the disposal of the sampler.
7.) All melts must be stirred during processing and at the

end.
8.) When shot/pin samples or ingots are taken/poured, the

material must remain in full view of the sampler 100% of the
time, including during the cooling in water.
6
Using a pail, tray or mesh basket at all times, and never
lowering material into water unless it is already secured in
an SACS approved container.
9.) Samples must be sealed immediately upon weighing or remain

in the samplers view at all times.
10.) When moisture is undertaken in incinerators, covers with

pressure relief holes no larger than 1/4 inch in dia. must
be secured with metal seals or other control devices, also
a representative portion must be dried in another oven as in
a lab oven to verify the results obtained by the initial
sample. The parallel sample must be in a SACS approved control
device to prevent any spillage of material to verify the
results of both samples. The small sample must have a lid which
will prevent the buildup of pressure while maintaining
integrity, 2"x8"x6" Pyrex dish with a cover having 1/4 inch
holes.
11.) Samplers must have the ability of observing lots

independently from each other under secure conditions and be
able to seal each process if they are called out of the area.
12.) During any mechanical process every lot must be accounted

for by weight (remember material can neither be created nor
lost) i.e. a baghouse must have separate drums to segregate
materials to protect the clients’ interest.
13.) A hazardous program must be in place with minimum

standard. i.e. Samplers Handbook Chapter 11 as an example to
protect the samplers safety and welfare. The sampler must
receive every three years an update on hazardous material
precautions specifically pertaining to the location they are
visiting and a record on 3x5 index cards must be kept on file
for a visual inspection by SACS, having the name address and
date of the sampler receiving instructions by the refinery
on a three year rotation.
14.) Confined space safety precautions must be in place to

protect the safety of the sampler (scot air packs/safety
harness must be employed.
6-1
While this is only a beginning and should be a considered a
minimum standard, all locations vary, our goal is to eliminate
risk on your behalf.
Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers

PO Box 351
Slatersville, RI 02876
FAX 603-521-2801
6-2
Dear Plant Manager,
We are soliciting a list of Commodity Samplers aka REPS that

may frequent your facility in an effort to establish a survey
of methods and procedures which are currently being used by
them.
This is confidential and will be released as part of a survey

directed towards the elimination of risk on the clients’
behalf.
The client is anyone who sends their material to your facility

for reclamation services from a single bar to 10,000 lbs. of
circuit boards to a 55 gal drum of solution.
This is a international survey, which will generate a chart

showing the job performance as perceived by your facility,
and is NOT going to be supplied to the scrap generators.
This is an attempt to measure how effective the representation

at your facility is currently being performed.
Would you let your other plants in your company participate

in this survey, by sending them a copy of this memo and survey?
Participation for this survey is voluntary; If you choose to

be anonymous you may do so.
But if you choose not to, a list of companies who openly

participated by location will be listed at the end of the
survey.
Thank you for your time. We appreciate your attention

concerning this matter.
Sincerely,
SACS
James Roberge CSA

Chairman
Enclosures:
Smr
6-3
SACS
Samplers Name
Punctual: Arrives at the beginning of all processing
Personality: Good Fair Poor
Courteous: To floor personnel □ Lab personnel □
To Security □
Appearance: Good Fair Poor
Knowledgeable: Makes reasonable requests of you and your

plant personnel □
Shows Professionalism: □
Safety conscious, Wears all Personnel Safety Equipment □
Stays with material and does not leave material unattended,

stays out of lunch room □
Is flexible in the hours he/she must work while at your

facility to accommodate production scheduling and
processing.
The overall level of competency:
A B C D F Circle One Please
This is the first attempt at this type of survey and we thank

you for your cooperation.
Mail to: Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers

PO Box 351, Slatersville, Rhode Island, 02876
7
To Whom It May Concern,
I am soliciting information concerning work sheets which may

be used in the performance of your particular expertise.
The Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers is an

International Society is an association for lifelong learning
dedicated to self improvement, for the elimination of risk
on behalf of our clients.
Our clients may be IBM, Union Carbide, Georgia Pacific, Echo
Bay or McDonald's. The commodity is not important, The Level
of Thoroughness is.
We are currently soliciting information in the form of one

(1) or two (2) pages which you might use in the performance
of your job, say while making a quality check of a commodity.
We will electronically reproduce and change a format if we

deem it unsuitable for insertion into the handbook (possible
copyright problems, concerning you employer maybe). We want
to make sure as many commodities are shown in the handbook
to make sure your expertise is represented.
I appreciate your expedience concerning this matter, and we

await your contribution.
Sincerely,
SACS
James Roberge CSA

Chairman
8
The Beginning of the Meter
The meter was originally defined as a length equivalent to
one ten millionth of the length of a quadrant of the meridian
through Paris, from the equator to the North Pole. A unit was
derived by this proportion from several arcs of triangulation
that became known as the French legal meter. The standard
constructed to represent it became known as the Metre des
Archives.
In 1805, a 1 meter iron bar was brought to America by Ferdinand
Hassler, the first superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey.
It was one of 16 bars that were standardized by the Committee
on Weights and Measurers in Paris in 1799. In 1866, Congress
passed a law (U.S. Code 1952 E., Title 15, Chapter ^, Section
204-205) legalized the use of the metric system for commerce
in the United States and setting it's equivalence: 1 meter
is equal to 39.37 inches exactly. Under an international
convention in 1873, the international meter was derived from
the Metre des Archives, and the international prototype meter
was adopted as the standard by the subscribing governments.
Copies of this new standard were furnished to the government,
including the U.S., which received two such copies in 1889.
One of these is known as the National Prototype Meter, and
it replaced Hassler's iron bar as the U.S. standard. The two
copies are now in the custody of the National Bureau of
Standards.
The seventh General Conference on Weights and Measurers was
held in Paris in 1927 and the following supplementary value
of the meter was temporarily adopted: 1 meter equals
1,553,164.13 wavelengths of the red ray of cadmium vapor in
dry air, at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius, at a pressure
of 760 millimeters of mercury and normal conditions of
gravity.
There was a small significant difference between the American
and British units of length until 1959. The metric equivalent
of the British inch was 2.539998 centimeters; the metric
equivalent of the U.S. inch was 2.540009 centimeters. On July
5, 1959 in order to reconcile differences of this discrepancy,
the directors of the National Standards laboratories of
Australia, Canada, South Africa, and the United States, and
the United States Bureau of Standards adopted 2.54
centimeters for 1 inch. The standard yard was defined as
3,600,000/3,937.008 meter.
9
Before the agreement of 1959, the British yard was equivalent
to 3,600,000/3,937,014 meter and the U.S. yard was defined
as 3,600/3937 meter; the British mile was also 1/30 inch
shorter than the U.S. mile.
In 1960, the 11th Conference of Weights and Measures, in
response to recommendations from various international
scientific bodies, renamed the metric system as the
International System of Units (SI). On August 9, 1968,
Congress passed Public Law 90-472 authorizing an intensive
study of the advantages and disadvantages of adopting this
system.
This study carried out by the Bureau of Standards, was

completed in 1971. Congress enacted Public Law 94-168, the
Metric Conversion Act of 1975, which was signed into law on
December 23, 1975.
The new International Standard Meter is defined as

1,650,763.73 times the wavelength of orange light emitted
when a gas consisting of pure Krypton isotope of the mass
number 86 is excited in a electrical discharge. From this
meter, a U.S. foot was equal to 1,200/3,937 meter. The foot
obtained from this equation was referred to as the United
States Foot. This unit was used until the NAD 1983
readjustment of the basic Geodetic Survey Network in the U.S.
When the new meter was adopted the length of the United States
Foot changed to 0.3048 meter exactly.
The following linear and square measurements are just a few
of the many that have been used by the surveying profession:
THE MILE
1 Mile (statute mile or land mile) is equal to
8,000 links 5,280 feet 3,520 cubits 1,760 yards

320 rods 80 chains 8 furlongs
1.6093472 kilometers
0.868978 meridian mile
0.868976 international nautical mile
0.868383 geographic mile
9-1
The mile in England equal 5,000 feet until 1500 A.D., when
it was changed to 5,280 feet to make surveying easier. This
way a furlong, the most common land measurement of the time
could be divided into eight times. Around 1575, Queen
Elizabeth I established the new value by law.
Some similar measurements include the Scottish Mile and the
Meridian Mile.
1 Scottish Mile is equal to
5,940 feet 1,980 yards 360 rods 9 furlongs

1.8105056 kilometers 1.12500 statute miles
1 Meridian Mile (French nautical Mile) is equal to
6,076.10333 feet 2,025.36778 yards

0.999999 international nautical mile
0.999315 geographic mile
The meridian mile, established by international agreement in

1954, closely approximates 1/60 degree of the earth's
meridian.
There are, and were many foreign equivalents to the U.S. mile.
In Argentina, the milla equals 1 statute mile, while the
Venezuelan milla is 1.154 statute miles, the Nicaraguan milla
is 1.159 statute miles, and the Honduran milla is 1.149
statute miles. The meile of Austria equals 4.71 statute miles,
while the Prussian meile equals 4.68 statute miles and the
meile (or merford) of Hungary equals 5.19 statute miles. The
milha of Portugal equals 1.28 statute miles, and the Brazilian
milha is 1.21 statute miles.
The miglio of old Rome was equal to 0.925 statute mile, while
the old Naples miglio equaled 1.38 statute miles. In old
Turkey, the berri equaled 1.04 statute miles.
There have also been some"mile" measurements created by the
international community.
1 International Nautical Mile (international air mile) is

equaled to:
9-2
6,076.11549 feet 2,025.37183 yards
1.00002 meridian miles 0.999317 geographic mile
1 Geographic Mile (nautical mile, knot, air mile or sea mile)

is equal to:
6,080.27 feet 2,026.75667 yards

368.51021 rods 9.21253 furlongs
1.00067 meridian miles 1.00066 internat. naut. mi.
The international nautical (naut) mile is considered the most

accurate mile measure to date using the earth's meridian.
The geographic mile was originally was designed to equal 1
minute or 1/21,600 of a great circle of the earth and has
survived as another version of the meridian mile. In 1929,
the International Hydrographic Bureau proposed a length of
6,076.097 feet to succeed both the meridian and the geographic
miles, which in turn have been replaced by the international
nautical mile. The geographic mile is also known as an
admiralty mile in Britain.
The name "knot" originated as a division in a special line
called a "ships log line." This line was tied to a small log
that kept afloat. At intervals, the line was knotted in the
same proportion that 28 seconds are to an hour, or about 47
feet apart. The number of knots that ran off a reel of line
in 28 seconds was the number of nautical miles the ship was
traveling in an hour.
THE ACRE
1 Acre is equal to:
43,560 square feet 4,480 square yards

160 perches 10 square chains
4 roods 1.17869 arpents
0.786990 Scottish acre 0.617347 Irish acre
0.472656 Cheshire acre
Henry VIII of England limited the size of an acre to a piece

of land 40 measuring rods long by 4 rods broad, each rod being
about 5.5 yards long. The ancient Romans had used 10-foot
rods, with each being about 13 inches.
9-3
Some measurements similar to the acre are Scottish acre, the
yoke, the Irish acre and the Cheshire acre.
1 Scottish Acre is equal to:
6,150 square yards 1.27066 acres
1 Yoke (joch) is equal to:
6,872.8 square yards 1.42 acres
1 Irish Acre is equal to:
1 Cheshire Acre is equal to:
The Scottish acre is also considered equal to 6,104 yards.

The yoke is an Austrian unit, and the Cheshire acre is an old
English unit, now obsolete.
Units similar in name or in size include the jutro or
katastarsko of Yugoslavia, which is equals 1.422 acres, and
the jitro of Czechoslovakia, which equals 1.422 acres. The
hold, an agricultural unit of Hungary, also equals 1.422
acres.
The Foot
1 Foot (survey foot) is equal to:
12 inches 1.64141 links 0.666667 cubits

0.33333 yard 0.060606 rod 0.001515 furlong
3.0480060 decimeters
The foot, for purposes of surveying, also equals the

engineer's line and Ramden's link. The foot was originally
derived from the length of a man's foot. The foot is also known
as the survey foot, used in mapping. In Canada, the foot is
called a pied; in Argentina, pie; in Haiti, a pied anglais;
in El Salvador, a tercia; and in Russia, a foute or fut.
A pie in paraguay equals 11.36 inches; a Spanish pie equals
10.97 inches; and a Mexican pie equals 10.992 inches.
9-4
A Swiss pied equals 11.81 inches, and a Belgian pied usually
equals 12.79 inches. The fuss in Austria equals 1.037 feet,
and the fuss in Bavaria equals 11.5 inches, The Bohemian stopa
equals 11.65 inches; the Polish stopa equals 11.34 inches;
and the Yugoslavian stopa equals 12.44 inches.
THE YARD
1 Yard is equal to;
36 Inches 3 Feet 2 Cubits

0.181818 rod 0.004545 furlong 4.92424
links
0.045455 chain 9.1440180 decimeters
There are three popular explanations for the origin of the

yard: (1) In northern Europe, a yard equals the length of the
girdle the Anglo-Saxons wore. (2) In southern _urope, a yard
equaled the length of a double cubit. (3) In the 12th century,
Henry I of England fixed the yard as the distance between the
thumb of his outstretched arm. The yard ia also known as the
British yard or the imperial yard.
The pace or step is generally believed to be about a yard.
In the U.S. military, a quick-time pace is suppose to measure
30 inches, and a double-time pace is supposed to measure 36
inched. An itinerary pace equals 5 feet.
OTHER MEASURERS
1 link (Gunter's link or surveyor's link) is equaled to:
7.92 inches 0.66 foot 0.22 yards

0.04 rod 2.011684 decimeters
The link is attributed to the English mathematician Edmund

Gunter (1581-1526), inventor of the sector and scale.
1 Cubit is equal to:
18 inches 6 palms 4.5720090 decimeters
The cubit is an ancient and obsolete unit derived from the

distance between the elbow and the tip of the middle finger.
The cubit is also considered to have equaled 18.24 inches.
The bible cubit was 21.8 inched.
9-5
In Assyria, a cubit equaled 21.6 inches; in Egypt, 20.6
inches; in Israel, 17.6 inches; in Greece, 18.3 inches; in
Rome 17.5 inches. It was given many additional values during
its development.
1 Vara is equal to:
33.33333 inches 2.7778 feet

0.925926 yards 8.4666667 decimeters
In Spanish or Portuguese, the word vara means, "forked pole",

or prop, staff or wand. By law in 1919, the vara in Texas was
set to equal 33 1/3 inches or 36 varas in 100 feet. In Arizona
and New Mexico, its equivalent was set at 33 inches. But in
Columbia, it equals 31.5 inches; in Honduras, 32.87 inches;
in Chile, Peru, Guatemala, and El Salvador, 32.913 inches;
and in Argentina, 34.094 inches; and in Paraguay, 34.08
inches.
The uncertainty of the length of a vara requires a definite
value used in survey whose length was given as varas. An entire
paper could be written on the length of a vara as used in every
instance. The length varied at different times in the same
areas and was defined differently in just about every
province, state or country.
1 Rod (pole or perch) is equal to:
198 inches 25 links 16.5 feet

5.5 yards 0.25 chain 0.025 furlong
5.0292099 meters
The term rod, pole and perch are used in linear measure; the
term perch also occurs in square measure. During the Middle
Ages, the length of a rod in Britan was determined by lining
up 16 men and measuring the combined length of all their left
feet.
The rope, an old British unit, was probably another form of
the rod in the measure of land. It varied from 5.5 to 7 yards.
The engineer's chain or Ramden's chain also equals 100 links,
but each link equals 1 foot.
9-6
1 Chain (Gunter's chain or surveyor's chain) is equal to:
100 links 66 feet 22 yards

4 rods 0.1 furlongs 0.0125 statute mile
2.011684 decameters
1 Stadium is equal to:
625 Roman feet 605.20867 feet 403.47244

cubits
201.73622 yards 1.8446786 hectometers
The stadium, possibly originated with the length of a foot

race in ancient Rome.
1 Furlong is equal to:
1,000 links 660 feet 220 yards

40 rods 10 chains 0.125 statute mile
2.0116840 hectometers
The furlong was derived from the length of an average plowed

furrow, and the unit is also used in horse racing.
1 Square Chain is equal to:
10,000 square links 4,356 square feet

484 square yards 16 perches
0.4 rood 0.117869 arpent
0.1 acre
The square chain is the Gunter's or survey chain squared, and

is used in land surveying.
1 Rood is equal to:
10,890 square feet 1,210 square yards

40 perches 2.5 square chains
0.25 acres
The rood is a British unit in land surveying.
9-7
1 Arpent is equal to:
36,956.2176 square feet 4,106.2464 square yards

135.74368 perches 8.48398 square chains
3.39359 roods 0.848398 acre
The Aperent is a French unit used in land surveying.
Comparing Systems
SI is much more organizes than the previous systems of measure

used both in the U.S. and around the world. From looking at
this data, it is quite obvious that this change in the
measuring system has been well thought out and has been
thoroughly covered in the U.S. statutes. One hundred and
thirty years is a long enough to study a problem and come up
with a reasonable solution, even for the government.
this article was taken from P.O.B. Magazine volume 22, number
1, and was written by Larry T. Perry whom is a Professional
Land Surveyor in Wyoming and Arizona with over 30 years'
experience. He is owner of Terrestrial Surveying and Mapping
Company in Cheyenne, Wyoming and a charter member of the
Professional Land Surveyors of Wyoming. He is also a member
of the Arizona Professional Land Surveyors.
9-8
EXTRA
SHEET
9-9
WEIGHTS & MEASURERS
LINEAL
Inches Feet Yards Rods. Fur's Mile
12 inches=1foot 12= 1
3 feet = 1 yard 36= 3 1
5.5 yards= 1 rod 198= 16.5 .5 1
40 rods= 1 furlong 7,920= 660 220 40 1
8 furlongs= 1 mile 63,360=5,280 1,760 320 8 1
Surface-Land
144 sq. inches = 1 square foot Feet = Yards= Rods=Roods=Acres

9 square feet = 1 square yards 9 = 1
30.25 square yards= 1square rod 272.25= 30.25= 1=
40 square rods= 1 square rood 10,890= 1,210= 40= 1
4 square roods = 1 acre= 43,560= 4,840= 160= 4= 1
640 acres= 1 square mile 27,878,400=102,400=6403,097,600=
2,560=
Volume-Liquid
4 gills = 1 pint Gills=Pints=Gallon=Cubic Inches

2 pints = 1 quart 32= 8 / 1= 231
4 quarts=1 gallon
Fluid Measure
Gallons Pints Ounces Drachms Minims Cubic

Centimeters
1 = 8 = 128 = 1,024 = 61,440 = 3,785,435
1 16 128 7,680 473.179
1 8 480 29,574
1 60 3,697
16 ounces, or 1 pint, is sometimes called a fluid pound.
Troy Weight
Pound Ounces Pennyweight Grains Grams

1 12 240 5,760 373.24
1 20 480 31.103
1 24 1.56
9-10
Apothecaries Weight
Pound Ounces Drachms Scruples Grains Grams

1 12 96 288 5,760 373.24
1 8 24 480 31.103
1 3 60 3.89
1 20 1.30
1 0.06
The pound, ounce, and grain are the same as in Troy weight.
Avoirdupois
Pound Ounce Drachms Grains (troy) Grams

1 16 256 7,000 453.60
1 16 437.5 28.35
1 27.34 1.77
Apothecaries Weights
20 grains = 1 scruple
3 scruples = 1 drachm = 60 grains
8 drachms = 1 ounce = 480 grains
12 ounces = 1 pound = 5,760 grains
Fluid Measurers
60 minims = 1 fluidrachm
8 drachms = 1 fluidounce
20 ounces = 1 pint
8 pints = 1 gallon
Chemicals are usually sold by
Avoirdupois Weight
27.344 grains = 1 drachm = 27.344 grains

16 drachms = 1 ounce = 437.5 grains
9-11
Precious Metals are usually sold by Troy Weight
24 grains = 1 pennyweight = 24 grains

20 pennyweights = 1 ounce = 480 grains
Metric System
Myriameter 10,000 meters 6.2137 miles
Kilometer 1,000 meters 62137
miles/3,280.83 ft.
Hectometer 100 meters 328.08 feet
Dekameter 10 meters 393.7 inches
Meter 1 meter 39.37 inches
Decimeter .10 meter 3.937 inches
Centimeter .01 meter .3937 inches
Millimeter .001 meter .03937 inches
Surface Measures
Hectare 10,000 square meters 2.471 acres

Are 100 square meters 119.6
square yards
Centare 1 square meter 1,550 square inches
Volume
Name No. of/Cubic / Dry /Wine

Liters/Measurement/ Measurement/Measurement
Kiloliter/stere 1,000/1 cubic meter/1.308 cubic/264.17

gals.
yard /
Hectoliter 100/.10 cubic /2 bushels & / 26.417
Meter / 3.35 pecks
Dekaliter 10 /10 cubic / 9.08 quarts /2.6417gals.
decimeter
Liter 1 /1 cubic /0.908 quarts
/1.0567quarts decimeter
Deciliter 0.10 /0.01 cubic /6.1023 cubic/0.845gills
decimeter inches
9-12
Centiliter 0.01 /10 cubic /0.6102 cu. In /0.338 fluid
centimeter
ounces
Milliliters .001 /1 cu. cm./0.061 cu. in. /0.27 fluid
rachms
Weights
Names Number of Weight/volume/water

Avoirdupois
Grams at its max. Density
Weight
Millier/tonneau 1,000,000 1 cu. meter 2,204.6 lbs.

Quintal 100,000 1 hectoliter 220.46lbs.
Myriagram 10,000 10 liters 22.46lbs.
Kilograms/Kilo 1,000 1 liter
2.2046lbs.
Hectogram 100 1 deciliter 3.527
ounces
Dekagram 10 10 cu. cm. .3527
ounces
Gram 1 1 cu. cm. 15.432
grains
Decigram .10 0.10 cu.cm. 1.5432
grains
Centigram .01 10 cu. millimeter .1543
grains
Milligram .001 1 cu. millimeter .0154
grains
9-13
UNIFIED CONVERSION FACTORS
The length of some of these formulas and lack of page width
have necessitated the shortening by using 10-(*) or 10+(*).
The number used after the 10+, 10-, is the number of decimal
places you are to move either right(+), or left(-).
Example:
2.998x10-10 = 0.0000000002998 OR 2.998-10
4.35x10+4 =43500.0 OR 4.35+4
I have used large exponents numbers, instead of the usual -10,

+4.
TO CONVERT MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
abamperes 1.x10-1 amperes
abcoulombs 2.998x10-10
statcoulombs
abfarads 1.x10-9 farads
abfarads 1.x10-15
microfarads
abhenries 1.x10-9 henries
abhenries 1.x10-4
millihenries
abohms 1.x10-1 ohms
abohms 1.x10-15 megohms
abvolts 1.x10-6 volts
acres 1.x10+1 sq. chains
(Gunters)
acres 1.60x10+2 rods
acres 4.047x10-1 hectares
/sq. hectometers
acres 4.35x10+4 sq. feet
acres 4.047x10+3 sq. meters
acres 1.562x10-3 sq. miles
acres 4.80x10+3 sq. yards
acre-feet 4.356x10+4 cubic feet
acre-feet 3.59x10+5 gallons
amperes/sq.cm. 6.452 amps/sq.
in.
amperes/sq.cm. 1.x10+4 amps/sq.
meter
amperes/sq. in. 1.550x10+1
amps/sq.cm.
10
amperes/sq. in. 1.550x10+3 amps/sq. meter

amperes/sq. meter 1.0x10-4 amps/sq.cm.
amperes/sq. meter 6.452x10-4 amps/sq. in.
amperes-hours 3.600x10+3 coulombs
ampere-hour 3.731x10-2 faradays
ampere-turns 1.257 gilberts
ampere-turns/cm. 2.540 amp-turns/in.
ampere-turn/cm. 1.x10+2 amp-turns/meter
ampere-turns/in. 3.937x10-1 amp-turns/cm.
ampere-turn/in. 3.937x10+1 amp-turn/meter
ampere-turn/in. 4.950x10-1 gilberts/cm.
ampere-turn/meter 1.x10-2 amp-turn/cm.
ampere-turn/meter 2.54x10-2 amp-turns/in.
ampere-turns/meter 1.257x10-2 gilberts/cm.
angstrom units 3.937x10-9 inches
angstrom unit 1.x10-30 meters
angstrom unit 1.10-4 microns or (mn)
ares 2.471x10-2 acres (u.s.)
ares 1.196x10+2 sq. yards
ares 1.x10+2 sq. meters
astronomical unit 1.495x10+11 meters
atmospheres 7.348x10-3 tons/sq. in.
atmospheres 1.058 tons/sq. foot
atmospheres cms. of mercury
(at 0 C.)
atmospheres 3.39x10+1 ft. of water(at4 C.)
atmospheres 2.992x10+1 in. of mercury(at 0C.)
atmospheres 7.6x10-1 meters of mercury(@ 0 C.)
atmospheres 7.6x10+3 millimeters of
mercury(at 0 C.)
atmospheres 1.0333 kgs./sq.cm.
atmospheres 1.0333x10+4 kgs./sq. meter
atmospheres 1.47x10+1 pounds/sq .in.
B
barrels(u.s., dry) 3.281 bushels
barrels(u.s., dry) 7.056x10+3 cu. inches
barrels(u.s., dry) 1.05x10+2 quarts(dry)
barrels(u.s., liquid) 3.15x10+1 gallons
barrels (oil) 4.2x10+1 gallons (oil)
10-1
bars 9/869x10-1 atmospheres

bars 1.x10+4 dyne/sq.cm.
bars 1.020x10+4 kgs./sq. meter
bars 2.089x10+3 pounds/sq. ft.
bars 1.45x10+1 pounds/sq. in.
barye 1.00 dyne/sq. cm.
bolt(u.s., cloth) 3.6576x10+1 meters
btu 1.0409x10+1 liter-atmospheres
btu 7.7816x10+2 foot-pounds
btu 2.52x10+2 gram calories
btu 3.927x10-4 horsepower-hour
btu 1.055x10+3 joules
btu 2.52x10-1 kilogram-calories
btu 1.0758x10+2 kilogrammeters
btu 2.928x10-4 kilowatt-hours
btu/hr. 2.162x10-1 ft.-pounds/sec.
btu/hr. 7.0x10-2 gram-cal./sec.
btu/hr. 3.929x10-4 horsepower
btu/hr. 2.931x10-1 watts
btu/min. 1.296x10+1 ft.-pounds/sec.
btu/min. 2.356x10-2 horsepower
btu/min. 1.757x10-2 kilowatts
btu/min. 1.757x10+1 watts
btu/sq. ft./min. 1.22x10-1 watts/sq. in.
bucket(br., dry) 1.8184x10+4 cubic cm.
bushels 1.2445 cubic foot
bushels 2.1504 cubic inch
bushels 3.524x10-2 cubic meter
bushels 3.524x10+1 liter
bushels 4.0 pecks
bushels 6.4x10+1 pints(dry)
bushels 3.2x10=1 quarts(dry0
calories, gram (mean) 3.9685x10-3 btu(mean)
candle/sq. cm. 3.146 lamberts
candle/sq. in. 4.870x10-1 lamberts
centares 1.0 sq. meters
centigrade(degrees) (Cx9/5)+32 Fahrenheit (degrees)
centigrade(degrees) C + 273.18 Kelvin (degrees)
centigrams 1.x10-2 grams
centiliters 3.282x10-1 ounce(fluid)u.s.
centiliters 6.103x10-1 cubic in.
centiliters 2.705 drams
10-2
centiliters 1.0x10-2 liters

centimeters 3.281x10-2 feet
centimeters 3.937x10-1 inches
centimeters 1.x10-5 kilometers
centimeters 1.x10-2 meters
centimeters 6.214x10-4 miles
centimeters 1.x10+1 millimeters
centimeters 3.937x10+2 mils
centimeters 1.094x10-2 yards
centimeters 1.x10+4 microns
centimeter-dyne 1.020x10-3 cn-gram
centimeter-grams 9.807x10+2 cm.-dyne
centimeter-grams 1.x10-5 meter-kgs.
centimeters-grams 7.233x10-5 pound-foot
centimeters of 1.316x10-2 atmospheres
mercury
centimeters of 4.461x10-1 ft. of water
mercury
centimeters of 1.36x10+2 kgs./sq. meter
mercury
centimeters of 1.934x10-1 pounds/sq.in
mercury
centimeters/sec. 1.969 feet/min.
centimeters/sec. 3.281x10-2 feet/sec.
centimeters/sec. 6.0x10-1 meters/min.
centimeters/sec. 2.237x10-2 miles/hr.
centimeters/sec. 3.728x10-4 miles/min.
centimeters/sec./sec. 3.281x10-2 ft/sec./sec.
centimeters/sec./sec. 3.6x10-2 kms.hr./sec.
centimeters/sec./sec. 1.0x10-2 meters/sec./sec.
centimeters/sec./sec. 2.237x10-2 miles/hr./sec
centipoise 1.0x10-2 gr./cm.-sec.
centipoise 6.72x10-4 pounds/ft.-sec.
centipoise 2.4 pound/ft-hr.
chains(gunters) 7.9x10+2 inches
chains(gunters) 2.012x10+1 meters
chains(gunters) 2.2x10+1 yards
circular mils 5.067x10-4 sq.cm.
circular mils 7.854x10-1 sq. mils
circular mils 7.854x10-7 sq. inches
circumference 6.283 radian
cords 8.0 cord ft.
10-3
cord ft. 1.6x10+1 cubic ft.

coulombs 1.036x10-5 faradays
coulombs/sq.cm. 6.452 coulombs/sq. in.
coulombs/sq.cm. 1.0x10+4 coulombs/sq. me
coulombs/sq. meter1.0x10-4 coulombs/sq.cm.
coulombs/sq. meter6.452x10-4 coulombs/sq. in.
cubic centimeters 3.531x10-5 cubic ft.
cubic centimeters 6.102x10-2 cubic in.
cubic centimeters 1.0x10-6 cubic meters
cubic centimeters 1.308x10-4 cubic yards
cubic centimeters 2.642x10-4 gallons(u.s. liq.)
cubic centimeters 1.0x10-3 liters
cubic centimeters 2.113x10-3 pints(u.s. liq.)
cubic centimeters 1.057x10-3 quarts(u.s., liq.)
cubic feet 8.036x10-1 bushels(dry)
cubic feet 2.8320x10+4 cu. cms.
cubic feet 1.728x10+3 cu. inches
cubic feet 2.832x10-2 cu. meters
cubic feet 3.704x10-2 cu. yards
cubic feet 7.48052 gallons(us. liq.)
cubic feet 2.832x10+1 liters
cubic feet 5.984x10+1 pints(us, liquid)
cubic feet 2.992x10+1 quarts(us, liq.)
cubic feet/min. 4.72x10+2 cu. cms./sec.
cubic feet/min 1.247x10-1 gallons/sec.
cubic feet/min. 4.720x10-1 liters/sec.
cubic feet/min. 6.243x10+1 pounds water/min
cubic feet/sec. 6.46317x10-1 million gals/day
cubic feet/sec. 4.48831x10+2 gals./min
cubic inches 1.639x10+1 cu.cms
cubic inches 5.787x10-4 cu. ft
cubic inches 1.639x10-5 cu. meters
cubic inches 2.143x10-5 cu. yards
cubic inches 4.329x10-3 gallons
cubic inches 1.639x10-2 liters
cubic inches 3.462x10-2 pints(us, liq.)
cubic inches 1.732x10-2 quarts(us, liq.)
cubic meters 2.838x10+1 bushels(dry)
cubic meters 1.0x10+4 cu.cms.
cubic meters 3.531x10+1 cu. ft.
cubic meters 6.1023x10+4 cu inches
cubic meters 1.308 cu. yards
10-4
cubic meters 2.642x10+2 gals.(us, liq.)

cubic meters 1.0x10+3 liters
cubic meters 2.113x10+3 pints(u.s liquid)
cubic meters 1.057x10+3 quarts(us, liquid)
cubic yards 7.646x10+5 cu. cms.
cubic yards 2.7x10+1 cu. ft.
cubic yards 4.6656x10+4 cu. inches
cubic yards 7.646x10-1 cu. meters
cubic yards 2.02x10+2 gallons(u.s. liq.)
cubic yards 7.646x10+2 liters
cubic yards 1.6159x10+3 pints(u.s. liq.)
cubic yards 8.079x10+2 quarts(u.s. liq.)
cubic yards/min. 4.5x10-1 cubic ft./sec.
cubic yards/min 3.367 gallons/sec.
cubic yards/min. 1.274x10+1 liters/sec.
D
daltons 1.650x10-34 grams
days 8.64x10+4 seconds
days 1.44x10+3 minutes
days 2.4x10+1 hours
decigrams 1.0x10-1 grams
deciliters 1.0x10-1 liters
decimeters 1.0x10-1 meters
degree (angle) 1.111x10-2 quadrants
degrees (angle) 1.745x10-2 radian
degrees (angle) 3.6x10+3 seconds
degrees/sec. 1.745x10-1 radian/sec.
degrees/sec. 1.667x10-1 revolutions/min
degrees/sec. 2.778x10-3 revolutions/sec.
dekagrams 1.0x10+1 grams
dekaliters 1.0x10+1 liters
dekameters 1.0x10=1 meters
drams(apoth, or troy)1.3714x10-1 ounces(advp.)
drams(apoth,or troy) 1.25x10-1 ounces(troy)
drams(U.S. Fluid or apoth)3.6967 cubic cm.
drams 1.7718 grams
drams 2.7344x10+1 grains
drams 6.25x10-2 ounces
dyne/sq.cm. 1.0x10-2 ers./sq. millimeter
10-5
dyne/sq.cm. 9.869x10-7 atmospheres

dyne/sq.cm. 2.953x10-5 in. of mercury(at 0 C)
dyne/sq.cm 4.015x10-4 in water(at 4 C)
dunes 1.020x10-3 grams
dyne 1.0x10-7 joules/cm.
dyne 1.0x10-5 joules/meter(Newton)
dyne 1.020x10-4 kilograms
dyne 7.233x10-5 Poundals
dyne 2.248x10-4 pounds
dyne/sq.cm. 1.0x10-4 bars
ell 1.1430x10+2 cm.

ell 4.5x10+1 inches
em, pica 1.67x10-1 inch
em, pica 4.233x10-1 cm.
erg /sec. 1.0 dyne.cm./sec.
ergs 9.486x10-11 btu
ergs 1.0 dyne-centimeter
ergs 1.020x10-3 gram-cms.
ergs 3.7250x10-14 horsepower-hrs.
ergs 2.389x10-11 kg.-calories
ergs 2.773x10-14 kilowatt-hrs.
ergs 2.773x10-11 watt-hrs.
ergs/sec. 5.668x10-9 btu-min.
ergs/sec. 4.426x10-6 ft.lbs./min
ergs/sec. 1.433x10-9 kg.-calories/min
ergs/sec. 1.x10-10 kilowatts
farads 1.0x10+4 microfarads

faraday/sec. 9.65x10+4 ampere(abso?
faradays 2.68x10+1 ampere-hours
faradays 9.649x10+4 coulombs
fathoms 1.8288 meters
fathoms 6.0 feet
feet 3.048x10+1 centimeters
feet 3.048x10-4 kilometers
feet 3.048x10-1 meters
feet 1.645x10-4 miles(naut.)
10-6
feet 1.894x10-4 miles(stat.)

feet 3.048x10+2 millimeters
feet 1.2x10+4 mils
feet of water 2.95x10-2 atmospheres
feet of water 8.826x10-1 in. of mercury
feet of water 3.048x10-2 kgs./sq. cm.
feet of water 3.048x10=2 kgs./sq. meter
feet of water 6.243x10+1 pounds/sq. ft.
feet of water 4.335x10-1 pounds/sq. in.
feet/min 5.080x10-1 cms./sec.
feet/min. 1.667x10-2 feet/sec.
feet/min. 1.829x10-2 kms /hr.
feet/min 3.048x10-1 meters/min.
feet/min. 1.136x10-2 miles/hr.
feet/sec. 3.048x10+1 cms./sec.
feet/sec. 1.097 kms./hr.
feet/sec. 5.921x10-1 knots
feet/sec. 1.829x10+1 meters/min.
feet/sec. 6.818x10-1 miles/hr.
feet/sec. 1.136x10-2 miles/min.
feet/sec./sec. 3.048x10+1 cm./sec./sec.
feet/sec./sec. 1.097 kms./hr./sec.
feet/sec./sec. 3.048x10-1 meters/sec./sec.
feet/sec./sec. 6.818x10-1 miles/hr./sec.
feet/100/feet 1.0 % gradient
foot-candle 1.0764x10+1 lumen/ sq.
meter?
foot-candle 1.0764x10+1 lux
foot-depth =64 pounds of pressure in sea water
foot-depth =62.5 pounds of pressure in fresh water
foot-pounds 1,286x10-3 btu
foot-pounds 3.241x10-1 gram-calories
foot-pounds 5.050x10-7 horsepower/hr.
foot-pounds 1.356 joules
foot-pounds 3.241x10-4 kg.-calories
foot-pounds 1.383x10-1 kg.-meters
foot-pounds 3.766x10-7 kilowatt-hrs.
foot-pounds/min 1.286x10-3 btu/min.
foot-pounds/min. 1.667x10-2 foot-pounds/sec.
foot-pounds/min. 3.030x10-5 horsepower
foot-pounds/min. 3.241x10-4 kg.-calories/min
foot-pounds/min. 2.260x10-5 kilowatts
10-7
foot-pounds/sec. 4.6263 btu/hr.

foot-pounds/sec. 7.717x10-2 btu/min.
foot-pounds/sec. 1.818x10-3 horsepower
foot-pounds/sec. 1.945x10-2 kg.-calories/?
foot-pounds/sec. 1.356x10-3 kilowatts
furlongs 1.25x10-1 miles(u.s.)
furlongs 4.0x10+1 rods
furlongs 6.6x10+2 feet
furlongs 2.0117x10+2 meters
G
gallons 3.785x10+3 cu.cms.
gallons 1.337x10-1 cu. feet
gallons 2.31x10+2 cu. inches
gallons 3.785x10-2 cu. meters
gallons 4.951x10-3 cu. yards
gallons 3.785 liters
gallons(liq. Br.imp.)1.20095 gallons(u.s., liq.)
gallons (U.S.) 8.3267x10-1 gallons(imp.)
gallons of water 8.337 pounds of water
gallons/min. 2.228x10-3 cu. ft./sec.
gallons/min. 6.308x10-2 liters/sec.
gallons/min. 8.0208 cu. feet/hr.
gausses 6.452 lines/sq. in.
gausses 1.0x10-4 webers/sq. meter
gausses 7.958x10-1 amp.-turn/cm.
gausses 1.0 gilbert/cm.
gilberts 7.958x10-1 ampere-turns
gilberts/cm. 7.958x10-1 ampere-turns/cm.
gilberts/cm. 2.021 ampere-turns/in.
gilberts/cm. 7.958x10+1 ampere-turns/meter
gills(British) 1.4207x10+2 cubic/cm.
gills(U.S.) 1.18295x10+2 cubic cm.
gills(U.S.) 1.183x10-1 liters
gills(U.S.) 2.5x10-1 pints(liq.*
grade 1.571x10-2 radian
grains 3.657x10-2 drams(advp.)
grains(troy) 1.0 grains(advp.)
grains(troy) 6.48x10-1 grams
grains(troy) 2.0833x10-3 ounces(advp.)
10-8
grains (troy) 4.167x10-2 pennyweight(troy)

grains/u.s. gallon1.7118x10-1 parts million
grains/u.s. gallon1.4286x10+2 pounds/million gallons
grains imp. gallon1.4286x10+1 parts/million
grams 9.807x10+2 dyne
grams 1.543x10+1 grains(troy)
grams 9.807x10-5 joules/cm.
grams 9.807x10-3 joules/meter
(Newton)
grams 1.0x10-3 kilograms
grams 1.0x10+3 milligrams
grams 3.5727x10-2 ounces(advp.)
grams(advp.) 3.215x10-2 ounces(troy)
grams 7.093x10-2 Poundals
grams 2.205x10-3 pounds
grams 5.6x10-3 pounds/in.
grams/cm. 6.234x10+1 pounds/cu. ft.
grams/cu.cm. 3.613x10-2 pounds/cu. in.
grams/liter 5.8417x10+1 grains/gal.
grams/liter 8.345 pounds/1,000
gals.
grams/liter 6.2427x10-2 pounds/cu. ft.
grams/sq.cm. 2.0481 pounds/sq. ft.
grams 3.9683x10-3 btu
gram-calories 4.184x10+7 ergs
grams-calories 3.086 foot-pounds
gram-calories 1.5596x10-4 horsepower-hrs.
gram-calories 1.162x10-4 kilowatt-hrs.
gram-calories 1.162x10-3 watt-hrs.
gram-calories/sec.1.4286x10+1 btu.hr.
gram-centimeter 9.807x10+2 erg
H
hand 1.016x10+1 cm.
hectares 2.471 acres
hectares 1.076x10+3 sq. feet
hectograms 1.0x10+2 grams
hectoliters 1.0x10+2 liters
hectowatts 1.0x10+2 watts
henries 1.0x10+3 millihenries
10-9
hogsheads(British)1.0114x10+1 cu. ft.

hogsheads(u.s.) 8.42184 cu. ft.
hogshead(u.s.) 6.3x10+1 gallons(u.s.)
horsepower 4.244x10+1 btu/min.
horsepower 3.3x10=4 foot-lbs./min
horsepower(metric)9.863x10-1 horsepower
horsepower 1.014 horsepower(metric)
horsepower 1.068x10+1 kg.-calories/min
horsepower 7.457x10-1 kilowatts
horsepower 7.457x10+2 watts
horsepower(boiler)3.352x10+4 btu/hr.
horsepower(boiler)9.803 kilowatts
horsepower-hours 2.547x10+3 btu
horsepower-hours 2.6845x10+33 erg
horsepower-hours 1.98x10+4 foot-lbs.
horsepower-hours 2.684x10+4 joules
horsepower-hours 6.417x10+2 kg. calories
horsepower-hours 2.737x10+5 kg. meters
horsepower-hours 7.457x10-1 kilowatt-hours
hours 4.167x10-2 days
hours 5.952x10-3 weeks
hours 3.6x10+3 seconds
hundredwgts(long) 1.12x10+3 pounds
hundredwgts(long) 5.0x10-2 tons(long)
hundredwgts(long) 5.08023x10+1 kilogram
hundredwgts(short)4.53492x10-2 tons(metric)
hundredwgts(short)4.46429x10-2 tons(long)
hundredwgts(short)4.53592x10-1 kilograms
I
inches 2.540 centimeters
inches 2.540x10-3 meters
inches 1.578x10-5 miles
inches 2.54x10+1 millimeters
inches 0.000016 mils
inches 2.778x10-3 yards
inches 5.0505x10-3 rods
inches of mercury 1.133 feet of water
inches of water 3.453x10-2 kgs./sq.cm.
inches of mercury 7.073x10+1 pounds/sq. ft.
10-10
inches of mercury 4.912x10-1 pounds/sq. in.

in. of water(at4 C)2.458x10-3 atmospheres
in. of water(at4 C)7.355x10-2 inch of mercury
in. of water(at4 C)2.54x10-3 kgs./sq.cm.
in. of water(at4 C)5.781x10-1 ounces/sq. in.
in. of water(at4 C)5.204 pounds/sq. ft.
in. of water(at4 C)3.613x10-2 pounds/sq. in.
intnat'l amperes 9.998x10-1 absolute
amp.(u.s.)
intnat'l volts 1.00033 absolute volts(u.s.)
intnat'l coulomb 9.99835x10-1 absolute coulomb
J
joules 9.486x10-4 btu
joules 7.736x10-1 foot-pounds
joules 2.389x10-4 kgs.-calories
joules 1.020x10-1 kg.-meters
joules 2.778x10-4 watts-hours
joules/cm. 1.020x10+4 grams
joules/cm. 1.0x10+7 dyne
joules/cm. 1.0x10+2 joules/meters
(Newtons)
joules/cm. 2.248x10+1 pounds
K
kilograms 1.0x10+3 grams
kilograms 9.807x10-2 joules/cm.
kilograms 9.807 joules/meter
(Newtons)
kilogram 7.093x10+1 Poundals
kilograms 2.2046 pounds
kilograms 32.1507465 Troy ounces
kilograms 9.842x10-4 tons(long)
kilograms 1.102x10-3 tons(short)
kilograms 3.5274x10+1 ounces (avdp.)
kilograms/cu. mete1.0x10+1 grams/cu.cm.
kilograms/cu. meter3.613x10-5 pounds/cu. in.
kilograms/meter 6.72x10-1 pounds/ft
kilograms/sq.cm. 9.678x10-1 atmospheres
10-11
kilograms.sq.cm. 2.896x10+1 inches of mercury

kilograms/sq.cm. 2.048x10+3 pounds/sq. ft
kilograms/sq.cm. 1.422x10+1 pounds/sq. in.
kilograms/sq. meters9.678x10+5 atmospheres
kilograms/sq. meters9.807x10-5 bars
kilograms/sq. meters3.281x10-3 feet of water
kilograms/sq. meter2.896x10-3 inches of mercury
kilograms/sq. meter2/048x10-1 pounds/sq. ft.
kilogram/sq. meter1.422x10-3 pounds/sq. in.
kilograms/sq. meter9.80665x10+1 dyne/sq.cm.
kilograms/sq.mm. 1.0x10+4 kgs./sq. meter
kilogram-calories 3.6-968 btu
kilogram-calories 3.086x10+3 foot-pounds
kilogram-calories 1.558x10-3 horsepower-hrs.
kilogram-calories 4.183x10+3 joules
kilogram-calories 4.186 kilojoules
kilogram-calories 1.163x10-2 kilowatt-hrs.
kilogram-calories/5.143x10+1 ft.-lbs./sec.
kilogram-calories/9.351x10-2 horsepower
kilogram-calories/6.972x10-2 kilowatts
kilogram-meters 9.807x10+7 ergs
kilogram-meters 7.233 foot-pounds
kilogram-meters 9.807 joules
kilogram-meters 2.342x10-3 kg.-calories
kilogram-meters 2.723x10-4 kilowatt-hrs.
kiloliters 1.308 cubic yards
kiloliters 3.5316x10+1 cubic feet
kiloliters 2.6418x10+2 gals.(u.s. liq.)
kilometers 1.0x10+6 centimeters
kilometers 3.281x10+3 feet
kilometers 3.937x10+4 inches
kilometers 1.0x10+3 meters
kilometers 6.213x10-1 miles(statute)
kilometers 5.396x10-1 miles(nautical)
kilometers 1.0x10+4 millimeters
kilometers 1.0936x10+3 yards
kilometers/hr. 2.778x10+1 cms./sec.
kilometers/hr. 5.468x10+1 feet/min.
kilometers/hr. 9.113x10-1 feet/sec.
kilometers/hr. 5.396x10-1 knots
kilometers/hr. 1.667x10+1 meters/min.
kilometers/hr. 6.214x10-1 miles/hr.
10-12
kilometer/hr. 2.778x10+1 cms./sec./sec.

kilometers/hr./sec.9.113x10-1 ft./sec./sec.
kilometers/hr./sec.2.778x10-1 meters/sec./sec.
kilowatts 5.692x10+1 btu/min.
kilowatts 4.426x10+4 foot-lbs./min.
kilowatts 1.341 horsepower
kilowatts 1.0x10+3 watts
kilowatt-hrs. 3.6x10+13 ergs
kilowatt-hrs. 2.655x10+4 foot-lbs.
kilowatt-hrs. 8.5985x10+3 gram calories
kilowatt-hrs. 1.341 horsepower-hrs.
kilowatt-hrs. 3.6x10+4 joules
kilowatt-hrs. 8.605x10+2 kg.-calories
kilowatt-hrs. 3.53 pounds of water
evaporated from
and at 212 F
kilowatt-hrs. 2.275x10+1 pounds of water
raised from 62 to
212 F
knits 6.080x10+3 feet/hr.
knots 1.8532 lometers/hr.
knots 1.0 nautical
miles/hr.
knots 1.151 statute
miles/hr.
knots 2.027x10+3 yards/hr.
knots 1.689 feet/sec.
knots 5.148x10+1 cm./sec.
L
1 ligne = 2.256 mm. or .0888 inches
lambert 3.183x10-1 candle/sq. cm.
lambert 2.054 candle/sq. in.
league 3.0 miles(approx.)
light year 5.9x10+12 miles
light year 9.46091x10+12 kilometers
lines/sq. cm. 1.0 gausses
lines/sq. in. 1.55x10-1 gausses
lines/sq. in. 1.55x10-9 webers/sq. cm.
lines/sq. in. 1.55x10-5 webers/sq. meter
10-13
links(engineers) 1.2x10+1 inches

link(surveyors) 7.92 inches
liters 2.838x10-2 bushels(u.s.
dry) liters 1.0x10+3 cu. cm.
liters 3.531x10-2 cu. ft.
liters 6.102x10+1 cu. in.
liters 1.0x10-2 cu. meters
liters 2.642x10-1 gals.(u.s. liq.)
liters 2.113 pints(u.s. liq.)
liters 1.057 quarts(u.s. liq.)
liters/min. 5.886x10-4 cu. Ft. / sec
/min. 4.403x10-3 gals./sec.
log10n 2.303 In n
In n 4.343x10-1 log10n
lumen 7.958x10-2 spherical candle power
lumen/sq. ft. 1.0 foot-candle
lumen/sq. ft. 1.076x10-1 lumen-sq. meter
lux 9.29x10-2 foot-candles
M
maxwells 1.0x10-3 kilolines
meghoms 1.0x10+12 microhms
megohms 1.0x10+4 ohms
megmhas/cubic cm. 1.0x10-3 abmhas/cubic cm.
megmhas/cu. cm. 2.54 megmhas/cu. in.
megmhas/cu. cm. 1.662x10-1 mhos/mil. ft
megmhos/in. cube 3.937x10-1 megmhos/cu. cm.
meters 1.0x10+36 angstrom units
meters 1.0x1+2 centimeters
meters 5.4681x10-1 fathoms
meters 3.281 feet
meters 3.937x10+1 inches
meters 1.0x10-3 kilometers
meters 5.396x10-4 miles(nautical)
meters 6.214x10-4 miles(statute)
meters 1.0x10+3 millimeters
meters 1.094 yards
meters/min. 1.667 cms./sec.
meters/min. 3.281 feet/min.
meters/min. 5.468x10-2 feet/sec.
10-14
meters/min. 6.0x10-2 kms/hr.

meters/min. 3.238x10-2 knots
meters/min. 3.728x10-2 miles/hr.
meters/sec. 1.968x10+2 feet/min.
meters/sec. 3.281 feet/sec.
meters/sec. 3.6 kilometers/hr.
meters/sec. 6.0x10-2 kilometers/min.
meters/sec. 2.237 miles/hr.
meters/sec. 3.728x10-2 miles/min.
meters/sec./sec. 1.0x10+2 cms./sec./sec.
meters/sec./sec. 3.281 ft./sec./sec.
meters/sec./sec. 3.6 kms./hr,/sec.
meters/sec./sec 2.237 miles/hr./sec.
meters-kilograms 9.807x10+7 cm.-dyne
meter-kilograms 1.0x10+6 cm.-grams
meter-kilograms 7.233 pound-feet
microfarads 1.0x10-15 abfarads
microfarads 1.0x10-4 farads
microfarads 9.0x10+6 statfarads
micrograms 1.0x10-6 grams
microhms 1.0x10+3 abohms
microhms 1.0x10-12 megohms
microhms 1.0x10-4 ohms
microinch 0.000001 inch
microliters 1.0x10-4 liters
micromicrons 1.0x10-12 meters
microns 1.0x10-4 meters
miles(nautical) 6.076x10+3 feet
miles(nautical) 1.853 kilometers
miles(nautical) 1.853x10+3 meters
miles(nautical) 1.1516 miles(statute)
miles(nautical) 2.0254x10+3 yards
miles(statute) 1.609x10+6 centimeters
miles(statute) 5.280x10+3 feet
miles(statute) 6.336x10+4 inches
miles(statute) 1.609 kilometers
miles(statute) 1.609x10+3 meters
miles(statute) 8.684x10-1 miles(nautical)
miles(statute) 1.760x10+3 yards
miles(statute) 1.69x10-13 light years
miles/hr. 4.470x10+1 cms./sec.
miles/hr. 8.8x10+1 ft./min.
10-15
miles/hr. 1.467 ft./sec.

miles/hr. 1.6093 kms./hr.
miles/hr. 2.682x10-2 kns./min.
miles/hr. 8.684x10-1 knots
miles/hr. 2.682x10+1 meters/min.
miles/hr. 1.667x10-2 miles/min.
miles/hr./sec. 4.47x10+1 cms./sec./sec.
miles/hr./sec. 1.467 ft./sec./sec.
miles/hr./sec. 1.6093 kms./hr./sec.
miles/hr./sec. 4.47x10-1 meters/sec./sec.
miles/min. 2.682x10+3 cms./sec.
miles/min. 8.8x10+1 feet/sec.
miles/min. 1.6093 kms./min.
miles/min. 8.684x10-1 knots/min.
miles/min. 6.0x10+1 miles/hr.
millers 1.0x10+3 kilograms
millimicrons 1.0x10-9 meters
milligrams 1.5432x10-2 grains
milligrams 1.0x10-3 grams
milligrams/liter 1.0 parts/million
millihenries 1.0x10-3 henries
milliliters 1.0x10-3 liters
millimeters 1.0x10-1 centimeters
millimeters 3.281x10-3 feet
millimeters 3.937x10-2 inches
millimeters 1.0x10-4 kilometers
millimeters 1.0x10-3 meters
millimeters 6.214X10-7 miles
millimeters 3.937X10+1 mils
millimeters 1.094x10-3 yards
million gals./day 1.54723 cu. ft./sec.
mils 2.54x10-3 centimeters
mils 8.333x10-5 feet
mils 1.0x10-3 inches
mils 2.54x10-6 kilometers
mils 2.778x10-5 yards
miner's inches 1.5 cu. ft./min.
minims(British) 5.9192x10-2 cubic cm.
minims(u.s. fluid)6.612x10-2 cubic cm.
minutes(angles) 1.667x10-2 degrees
minutes(angles) 1.852x10-4 quadrants
minutes(angles) 2.902x10-4 radian
10-16
minutes(angles) 6.0x10+1 seconds

minutes(time) 9.9206x10+1 seconds
minutes(time) 6.944x10-4 days
minutes(time) 1.667x10-2 hours
minutes(time) 6.0X10+1 seconds
myriagrams 1.0X10+1 kilograms
myriameters 1.0x10+1 kilometers
myriawatts 1.0x10+1 kilowatts
N
nails 2.25 inches
newtons 1.0x10+5 dyne
ohms(intnat'l) 1.0005 ohms(absolute)

ohms 1.0x10-4 megohms
ounces 8.0 drams
ounces 4.375x10+2 grains
ounce(advp.) 2.8349x10+1 grams(advp.)
ounces 6.25x10-2 pounds
ounces 2.834952x10-2 kilogram
ounces 9.115x10-1 ounces(troy)
ounces 2.790x10-5 tons(long)
ounces 3.125x10-5 tons(short)
ounces(fluid) 1.805 cu.inches
ounces(fluid) 2.957x10-2 liters
ounces(troy) 4.80x10+2 grains
ounces(troy) 3.1103x10+1 grams
ounces(troy) 1.097 ounces(advp.)
ounces(troy) 2.0x10+1 pennyweights(troy)
ounces(troy) 8.333x10-2 pounds(advp.)
ounces/sq. in. 4.309x10+3 dyne/sq.cm.
ounces/sq. in. 6.25x10-2 pounds/sq.in.
P
pace 3.0x10+1 inches
parsec 1.9x10+13 miles
parsec 3.084x10+13 kilometers
10-17
parts/million 5.84x10-2 grains(u.s. gals.)

parts/million 7.016x10-2 grains/imp. gals.
parts/million 8.345 pounds/million gallons
pecks(British) 5.546x10+2 cubic inches
pecks(British) 9.0919 liters
pecks(u.s.) 2.5x10-1 bushels
pecks(u.s.) 5.376x10+2 cubic inches
pecks(u.s.) 8.8096 liters
pecks(u.s.) 8 quarts(dry)
pennyweights(troy)2.4x10+1 grains
pennyweights(troy)5.0x10-2 ounces(troy)
pennyweights(troy)1.555 grams
pennyweights(troy)4.1667x10-3 pounds(troy)
pints(dry) 3.36x10+1 cubic inches
pints(dry) 1.5625x10-2 bushels
pints(dry) 5.0x10-1 quarts
pints(dry) 5.5059x10-1 liters
pints(dry) 4.732x10+2 cubic cms.
pints(liquid) 1.671x10-2 cubic ft.
pints(liquid) 2.887x10+1 cubic inches
pints(liquid) 4.3732x10-4 cubic meters
pints(liquid) 6.189x10-4 cubic yards
pints(liquid) 1.25x10-1 gallons
pints(liquid) 4.732x10-1 liters
pints(liquid) 5.0x10-1 quarts(liquid)
planck's quantum 6.624x10-27 erg-seconds
poise 1.0 gram/cm.-sec.
pounds(avdp.) 1.4358x10+1 ounces(troy)
poundals 1.3826x10+4 dyne
poundals 1.41x10+1 grams
poundals 1.383x10-3 joules/cm.
poundals 1.383x10-1 joules/meters
(Newtons)
poundals 1.41x10-2? kilograms
poundals 3.108x10-2 pounds
pounds 2.56x10+2 drams
pounds 4.448x10+5 dyne
pounds 7.0x10+3 grains
pounds 4.5359x10+2 grams
pounds 4.448x10-2 joules/cm.
pounds 4.448 joules/meter
(Newtons)
10-18
pounds 4.536x10-1 kilograms

pounds 1.6x10+1 ounces
pounds 1.458x10+1 ounces(troy)
pounds 3.217x10+1 Poundals
pounds 1.21528 pounds(troy)
pounds 5.0x10-4 tons(short)
pounds(troy) 5.760x10+3 grains
pounds(troy) 3.7324x10+2 grams
pounds(troy) 1.3166x10+1 ounces(avdp.)
pounds(troy) 1.2x10+1 ounces(troy)
pounds(troy) 2.4x10+2 pennyweights(troy)
pounds(troy) 8.2286x10-1 pounds(avdp.)
pounds(troy) 3.6735x10-4 tons(long)
pounds(troy) 3.7324x10-4 tons(metric)
pounds(troy) 4.1143x10-4 tons(short)
pounds of water 1.602x10-2 cu. ft.
pounds of water 2.768x10-1 cu. inches
pounds of water 1.198x10-1 gallons
pounds of water/min.2.670x10-4 cu. ft./sec.
pounds-feet 1.356x10+7 cm.-dyne
pounds-feet 1.3825x10+4 cm.-grams
pounds-feet 1.383x10-1 meter-kgs.
pounds/cu. ft. 1.602x10-2 grams/cu.cm.
pounds.cu. ft. 1.602x10+1 kgs./cu. meter
pounds/cu. ft. 5.787x10-4 pounds/cu. inches
pounds/cu. ft. 5.456x10-9 pounds/mil. foot
pounds/cu. inch 2.768x11110+1 grams/cu.cm.
pounds/cu. in. 2.768x10+4 kgs./cu. meter
pounds/cu. in. 1.728x10+3 pounds/cu. ft.
pounds/cu. in. 9.425x10-4 pounds/mil-foot
pounds/ft. 1.488 kgs./meter
pounds/in. 1.786x10+2 grams/cm.
pounds/mil-foot 2.306x10+4 grams/cu.cm.
pounds/sq. ft. 4.725x10-4 atmospheres
pounds/sq. ft. 1.602x10-2 feet of water
pounds/sq. ft. 1.414x10-2 inches of
mercury
pounds/sq. ft. 4.882 kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. ft. 6.944x10-3 pounds/sq. inch
pounds/sq. in. 6.804x10-2 atmospheres
pounds/sq. in. 2.307 feet of water
pounds/sq. in. 2.036 inches of mercury
10-19
pounds/sq. in 7.031x10+2 kgs./sq. meter

pounds/sq. in. 1.44x10+2 pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in. 7.2x10-2 short tons/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in 7.03x10-2 kgs./sq.cm.
quadrants(angle) 9.0x10+1 degrees

quadrants(angle) 5.4x10+3 minutes
quadrants9angle) 1.571 radian
quadrant(angle) 3.24x10+5 seconds
quarts(dry) 6.72x10+1 cu. inches
quarts(liquid) 9.464x10+2 cu.cms.
quarts(liquid) 3/342x10-2 cu. ft.
quarts(liquid) 5.775x10+1 cu. inches
quarts(liquid) 9.464x10-4 cu. meters
quarts(liquid) 1.238x10-3 cu. yards
quarts(liquid) 2.5x10-1 gallons
quarts(liquid) 9.463x10-1 liters
radian 5.7296x10+1 degrees

radian 3.438x10+3 minutes
radian 6.366x10-1 quadrants
radian 2.063x10+5 seconds
radian/sec. 5.7296x10+1 degrees/sec.
radian/sec. 9.549 revolutions/min.
radian/sec. 1.592x10-1 revolutions/sec.
radian/sec./sec. 5.7296x10+2 revs./min./min.
radian/sec./sec. 9.549 revs./min./sec.
radian/sec./sec. 1.592x10-1 revs./sec./sec.
revolutions 3.60x10+2 degrees
revolutions 4.0 quadrants
revolutions 6.283 radian
revolutions/min. 6.0 degrees/sec.
revolutions/min. 1.047x10-1 radian/sec.
revolution/min. 1.667x10-2 revs./sec.
revs./min./min. 1.745x10-3 radian/sec./sec.
revs./min./min. 1.667x10-7 revs./min./sec.
revs./min./min. 2.778x10-4 revs./sec./sec.
revolutions/sec. 3.6x10+2 degrees/sec.
10-20
revolution/sec. 6.283 radian/sec.
revolutions/sec. 6.0x10+1 revs./min.
revs./sec./sec. 6.283 radian/sec./sec.
revs./sec./sec. 3.6x10+3 revs./min./min.
revs./sec./sec. 6.0x10+1 revs./min./sec.
rods 2.5x10-1 chains(Gunters)
rods 5.029 meters
rods(surveyors) 5.5 yards
rods 1.65x10+1 feet
rods 1.98x10+2 inches
rods 3.125x10-3 miles
rope 2.0x10+1 feet
S
scruples 2.0x10+1 grains
seawater at = 64lbs. of pressure
1 foot of depth
freshwater =62.5lbs. of pressure
1 foot of depth
seconds(angle) 2.778x10-4 degrees
seconds(angle) 1.667x10-2 minutes
seconds(angle) 3.087x10-4 quadrants
seconds(angle) 4.848x10-4 radian
slugs 1.459x10+1 kilograms
slugs 3.217x10+1 pounds
sphere(solid angle)1.257x10+1 steradians
sq. centimeters 1.973x10+5 circular mils
sq. cms. 1.076x10-3 feet
sq.cms. 1.550x10-1 sq. inches
sq.cms. 1.0x10-4 sq. meters
sq.cms 3.861x10-11 sq. miles
sq.cms. 1.0x10+2 sq. millimeters
sq.cms. 1.196x10-4 sq. yards
sq. degrees 3.0462x10-4 steraians
sq. feet 2.296x10-5 acres
sq. ft. 1.833x10+8 circular mils
sq. ft. 9.29x10+2 sq.cms.
sq. ft. 1.44x10+2 sq. inches
sq. ft. 9.29x10-2 sq. meters
sq. ft. 3.587x10-8 sq. miles
sq. ft 9.29x10+4 sq. millimeters
sq. ft. 1.111x10-1 sq. yards
10-21
sq. inches 1.273x10+4 circular mils

sq. in. 6.452 sq.cms.
sq. in. 6.944x10-3 sq. ft.
sq. in. 6.452x10+3 sq. millimeters
sq. in. 1.0x10+4 sq. mils
sq. in. 7.716x10-4 sq. yards
sq. kilometers 2.471x10+2 acres
sq. kilo. 1.550x10+9 sq. in.
sq. kilo. 1.0x10+6 sq. meters
sq. kilo. 3.861x10-1 sq. miles
sq. kilo. 1.196x10+4 sq. yards
sq. meters 2.471x10-4 acres
sq. meters 1.0x10+4 sq.cms.
sq. meters 1.076x10+1 sq. ft.
sq. meters 1.55x10+3 sq. inches
sq. meters 3.861x10-7 sq. miles
sq. meters 1.0x10+6 sq. millimeters
sq. meters 1.196 sq. yards
sq. miles 6.40x10+2 acres
sq. miles 2.788x10+7 sq. ft.
sq. miles 2.590 sq.kms.
sq. miles 2.590x10+4 sq. meters
sq. miles 3.098x10+4 sq. yards
sq. millimeters 1.973x10+3 circular mils
sq. millimeters 1.0x10-2 sq.cms.
sq. millimeters 1.076x10-5 sq. ft.
sq. millimeters 1.55x10-3 sq. inches
sq. mils 1.273 circular mils
sq/mils 6.452x10-6 sq.cms.
sq. mils 1.0x10-6 sq. inches
sq. yards 2.066x10-4 acres
sq. yards 8.361x10+3 sq.cms.
sq. yards 9.0 sq. ft.
sq. yards 1.296x10+3 sq. inches
sq. yards 8.361x10-1 sq. meters
sq. yards 3.228x10-7 sq. miles
sq. yards 8.361x10+5 sq. millimeters
steradians 7.958x10-2 spheres
steradians 1.592x10-1 hemispheres
steradians 6.366x10-1 spherical right
angles
steradians 3.283x10+3 square degrees
10-22
steres 9.99973x10+2 liters
T
1 tael = 1.2034 troy ounces of .999 fineness
gold(chinese)
temperature(C )+2731.0 absolute
temperature(K)
temperature (C )+17.78 1.8 temperature(F )
temperature (F )+460 1.0 absolute
temperature(R)
temperature(F )-32 5/9 temperature(C )
1 ton of seawater = 32 cubic feet
tons(long) .016x10+3 kilograms
tons(long) 2.24x10+3 pounds
tons(long) 1.12 tons(short)
tons(metric) 1.0x10+3 kilograms
tons(metric) 2.205x10+3 pounds
tons(short) 9.0718x10+2 kilograms
tons(short) 3.2x10+4 ounces
tons(short) 2.9166x10+4 ounces(troy)
tons(short) 2.0x10+3 pounds
tons(short) 2.43x10+3 pounds(troy)
tons(short) 8.9287x10-1 tons(long)
tons(short) 9.078x10-1 tons(metric)
tons(short)sq. ft.9.765x10+3 kgs./sq. meters
tons(short)sq. ft.1.389x10+1 pounds/sq.
inches
tons(short)sq. in.1. 406x10+4 kgs./sq. meter
tons(short)sq. in.2. 0x10+3 pounds/sq. in.
tons of water/24hrs. 8.333x10+1 pounds water
/hr.
tons of water/24hrs. 1.6643x10-1 gallons/min.
tons of water/24hrs. 1.3349 cu. ft/hr.
V
volt/inch 3.937x10+7 abvolts/cm.
volt/inch 3.937x10-1 volts/cm.
volts (absolute) 3.336x10-3 statvolts
10-23
W
watts 3.4129 btu/hr.
watts 5.688x10-2 btu/min.
watts 4.427x10+1 ft.-lbs./min.
watts 7.376x10-1 ft.-lbs./sec.
watts 1.341x10-3 horsepower
watts 1.433x10-2 kgs.-calories/min
watts 1.0x10-3 kilowatts
watts(abs.) 1.0 joules/sec.
watt-hours 3.413 btu
watt-hours 2.656x10+3 foot-lbs.
watt-hours 8.605x10+2 gram-calories
watt-hours 1.34x10-3 horsepower-hrs.
watt-hours 8.605x10-1 kilogram-calories
watt(intnat'l) 1.000165 watt(absolute)
webers/sq. in 1.555x10+7 gausses
webers/sq. in 1.55x10-1 webers/sq.cm.
webers/sq. in 1.55x10+3 webers/sq.
meters
webers/sq. meters 1.0x10+4 gausses
webers/sq. meters 6.452x10+4 lines/sq. in.
webers/sq. meters 1.0x10-4 webers/sq.cm.
webers/sq. meters 6.452x10-4 webers/sq. in.
weeks 1.68x10+2 hours
weeks 1.008x10+4 minutes
weeks 6.048x10+5 seconds
Y
yards 9.144x10+1 centimeters
yards 9.144x10-4 kilometers
yards 9.144x10-1 meters
yards 4.934x10-4 miles(nautical)
yards 5.682x10-4 miles(statute)
yards 9.144x10+2 millimeters
years 3.65256x10+2 days(mean solar)
years 8.7661x10+3 hours
10-24
HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM
This program is for minimum standards only, and should be used

as a start point, because of requirements which are dictated
by individual work environments.
PREPARED FOR:
Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers
PREPARED BY:
J.P. Roberge CSA
July 1, 1996
File HAZ
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.00 PURPOSE
2.00 DISCUSSION
3.00 APPLICATION
4.00 PROGRAM
4.10 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
4.20 INFORMATION AND TRAINING
4.21 Information
4.22 Training
4.23 Additional Training
4.30 CONTAINER LABELING
4.31 Portable Containers
4.32 Stationary Process Containers
11
4.40 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
4.41 Location of Hazardous Communication Information
4.42 MSDS Contents
4.50 RECORDS
4.60 MULTI-EMPLOYER WORK
4.61 Contractors
4.62 Outside Contractors' Obligation to;
5.00 REFERENCES
5.10 (ACHE) HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD (29 CFR

1910.1200, 1929.59)
5.20 (ACHE) ACCESS TO EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE AND MEDICAL

RECORDS (29 CFR 1910.20)
5.30 HAZARD COMMUNICATION GUIDELINES FOR COMPLIANCE

(ACHE 3111)
APPENDICES:
APPENDIX A ACHE 1910.1200 HAZARD COMMUNICATION

STANDARD
APPENDIX B MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS CONTENTS
APPENDIX C SELECTED DEFINITIONS
1.00 PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to describe the methods a

hypothetical business might use to assure that all employees
are provided with the basic information and training
necessary to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's (ACHE) Hazard Communication Standard (29
CFR 1910.1200).
11-1
2.00 DISCUSSION
As specified in the ACHE Hazard Communication Standard,

employers must develop and implement a written hazard
communication program for their work places.
This program is intended to ensure that:
 A list of hazardous chemicals used in each area is

maintained; also bells/whistles specific to each plant
are explained, for safety sake (if one goes off you
know what to do).
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each hazardous

chemical are accessible to employees in each work area;
 Containers of hazardous chemicals are properly

labeled; and each employee is provided training and
information on the hazardous chemicals in his/her work
area.
 Unless specifically exempted elsewhere in this

document, all chemicals handled, stored, or otherwise
used by the processor are to be included by this HAZARD
COMMUNICATION PROGRAM
3.00 APPLICATION
The Hazard Communication Program set forth in this document

applies to operations where chemicals other than hazardous
waste are involved. Hazardous wastes as defined by ACHE 29
CFR 1910.120 are NOT COVERED, and laboratory operation as
defined by ACHE 29 CFR 1910.1450 which are included within
the scope of the processors "Chemical Hygiene Plan" are exempt
from this program **It is the responsibility of the SAMPLER
to make sure, he/she understands the basic requirement to
insure safe working conditions.**
4.00 PROGRAM
11-2
4.10 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
This program could be implemented by a Environmental

Department under the direction of an Environmental Manager.
This department could be responsible for obtaining and
management, providing training and information to employees
and management, providing each department with the
appropriate labels for hazardous chemical containers, when
necessary. The Environmental Department or Supervisor is also
responsible for auditing the Hazard Communication Program at
least annually to insure that a processor is in compliance
with the Hazard Communication Standard.
Department Managers, Supervisors and or Foreman/lead persons
are responsible for insuring that this program is followed
by the employees and or SAMPLERS in their departments.
Management is responsible to insure the following:
 Inspecting containers of hazardous chemicals for

appropriate labels as soon as they are received, and
attaching additional labels when appropriate;
 Providing MSDSs to employee upon request;
 Providing answers to employees questions regarding

Hazard communication or specific chemicals; and
 Referring them to the appropriate managerial

department for additional information if needed;
4.20 EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING
As specified in the ACHE Hazard Communication Standard,

employee must be provided with the necessary information and
training at the time of an employee’s initial assignment to
a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and prior
to assignment involving new exposure situations.
The minimum requirement is that this information and training

be repeated for each employee at least annually for the
duration of the employee’s employment if he/she may engage
in activities subject to the specified ACHE standard.
11-3
The items described in the following sections indicate the
minimum information and training that must be provided as
specified by ACHE.
4.21 Information
Each employee must be informed of:
The content of the ACHE standard (see appendix A)
The location and availability of this Written Hazard

Communication Program;
 Any operation in the work area where hazardous

chemicals may be present; and
 The list of hazardous chemicals in the work area and

the location of the required Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs)
4.22 Training
The employee training must include at least the following:
 An explanation of the employee exposure monitoring

procedures;
 The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work

area;
 The specific methods and procedures used to protect

employee health and safety including the use of any
required personal protective equipment (PPE),
emergency procedures for spills, fire, disposal and
first aid; and
 The details of this Hazard Communication Program

including provisions for labels, MSDSs, and other
hazard information.
11-4
4.23 Additional Training
Additional Training will be provided to employees whenever;
 A new hazardous chemical is introduced into their work

area;
 A new or revised MSDS is received, which indicates

significantly increased risk to employee health as
compared to those stated on the previous MSDS; and
 Non-routine task are performed, which will potentially

result in employee exposure to hazardous chemicals, or
exposure under circumstances which were not adequately
addressed in previous training sessions.
4.30 CONTAINER LABELING
Containers of hazardous chemicals must be properly labeled

by manufacturers or distributors prior to purchase by
processors.
Each container should be inspected when it is received to
evaluate the adequacy of the label; if necessary a label with
supplementary information will be added. Management in all
facilities are responsible to insure that labels are adequate
and that they are not removed or defaced as long as the
hazardous chemicals remain in their original containers. If
a hazardous chemical is transferred to a different container,
this container must be properly labeled also. The
requirements to properly label containers applies to all
containers regardless of size.
Containers of hazardous chemicals must be labeled, tagged or

marked with the following information:
 The identity of the hazardous substance(s);
 The appropriate hazard warnings;
 Name and address of the manufacturer, importer or other

responsible party;
 A hazardous Material Information System Rating (HMIS)
11-5
The information necessary to complete labels for additional
containers may be obtained from the original
manufacturer/distributor labels (unless deemed inadequate).
Labels with HMIS rating should be supplier by the processor
when manufacturer’s labels do not include this information.
Definitions of the ratings in the HMIS System should be posted
throughout the facility.
Although national fire protection association hazard rating

labels may provide helpful information for fire fighters, the
information is generally inappropriate for ACHE hazard
communication purposes. The NFPA rating system may not be used
as a substitute for the HMIS rating on container labels.
4.31 PORTABLE CONTAINERS
Portable containers of hazardous chemicals need not be

labeled when the substance is transferred from labeled
containers and is intended for immediate (IE., within the same
work shift) use by the employee who performs the transfer.
Containers of hazardous chemicals transferred from labeled
containers and not intended for immediate use by the employee
performing the transfer, must be labeled.
4.32 REUSABLE CONTAINERS
Stationary process containers and or equipment may be labeled

with signs, place cards, process sheets, batch tickets,
operating procedures, or other such written material in lieu
of fixed labels on the containers, as long as the alternative
method covers the appropriate hazard information. This
information must be readily accessible to the employees in
the work area.
4.40 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Manufacturers and distributors of hazardous chemicals must

provide the processor with Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
for each product containing hazardous chemicals. These must
be provided upon initial purchase and upon subsequent
purchases if the original MSDS has been modified; MSDSs must
be supplied to the plant management for review before new
chemicals are brought into a facility. MSDSs are to be used
as part of the required employee information and training
sessions.
11-6
4.41 LOCATION OF HAZARD COMMUNICATION INFORMATION
The plant management should maintain a copy of this document,

a master list of chemicals and a master file of MSDSs for the
entire facility in their offices.
Each other department should maintain a copy of this document

also.
Hazard communication stations are also located in each

department within the facility and each station should have
information about the Hazard Communication Program, the HMIS
system, and how to obtain copies of MSDSs and other Hazard
Communication information.
4.42 MSDS CONTENT
The minimum required content of the MSDS is detailed in

Appendix B of this Program. If an MSDS does not contain this
information, the manufacturer or distributor must be
contacted, in writing, to request an updated MSDS.
4.50 RECORDS
Hazard Communication training will be provided by the

processor. The manager of each department must ensure that
the SAMPLER and all employees, within his or her area of
responsibility are properly informed and trained with regard
to all hazardous chemicals in their respective work areas.
The processor must also ensure that records indicating the
date, content of the training, and names of individual
trainers are established and maintained up to date for each
SAMPLER and employee. Appendix C has a list of definitions
of terms that may be used in training and in Hazard
Communication documents.
ACHE 29 CFR 1910.20 specifies that each employee exposure

record shall be preserved and maintained for at least thirty
(30) years. These records must identify chemical names, use
locations, and approximate usage (exposure) dates. The
processor must ensure that the chemical lists and MSDSs
contained in the workplace notebooks are maintained as part
of these records.
11-7
4.60 MULTI-WORKER WORK
The Hazard Communication Standard has special requirements

for work in which there may be workers employed by different
employers. There are two ways in which a processor may be
affected by this REQUIREMENT. The following section describes
measurers that will be taken by processors to provide Hazard
Communication information to other employers, and procedures
to obtain information from other employers that may expose
SAMPLERS to hazardous chemicals.
4.61 CONTRACTORS
Contractors that perform work at the processor's facility are

required to have Hazard Communication Program for their
employees. The processors will provide the contractor with
information about the chemicals to which the contract
employee may be exposed while at the processors facility,
including the following;
 The location of the Hazard Communication Program

Document;
 The chemical list(s) and MSDSs for hazardous chemicals

in an area where contract employees may be working;
 The precautionary measures that need to be taken to

protect employees during normal operating conditions,
non-routine tasks and emergencies.
o And whenever applicable:
 The Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan;
 The Emergency Contingency Plan
4.62 OUTSIDE CONTRACTORS
The location Managers must assure that all outside

contractors comply with the Hazard Communication Standard in
the following respects:
11-8
 Material Inventory-The outside contractor shall
provide the processor with a list of all hazardous
material which it brings into the facility.
 MSDSs-For each substance listed in their material

inventory, a MSDS describing in detail the hazards of
each chemical shall be provided to the
processor/facility. Each MSDS must comply with the
requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard
(copies of the inventory and MSDSs must be forwarded
to the facility for inclusion in the appropriate health
and safety records or files).
 Labeling-All containers of material brought into the

facility must be properly labeled, tagged, or marked
with the information giving the identity of the
hazardous chemicals and the appropriate hazard
warnings.
 Employee Training-The outside contractor shall provide

its employees with information and training on the
hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time
of their initial assignment and whenever a new hazard
is introduced into their work area.
 When Samplers bring hazardous chemicals into a facility

, they must provide information to the processor
regarding any hazardous chemicals to which the
processors employees may be exposed.
5.00 REFERENCES
. 1
.
. 2.
. 3.
11-9
LIMITATIONS
1. The observations described in this report were made under

the conditions stated herein. The conclusions presented in
the report were based solely upon the services described, and
not on scientific tasks or procedures beyond the scope of
described service or the time and budgetary constraints
imposed by client. The work described in this report was
carried out in accordance with our previously agreed upon
Terms and Conditions.
2. The purpose of this report was to produce a written document

to comply with federal regulations on hazard communication.
Governmental agencies interpretation, requirements, and
enforcement policies may vary from district office to
district office. In addition, regulations, rules and
standards may be legislatively changed and intra-agency
policies may be changed from present practices. The
information in this report may become obsolete if
governmental regulations or policies change.
3. In preparing this report, SACS has relied on certain

information provided by plant personnel from around the world
and on information contained in plant documents available to
SACS at the time of the assessment. SACS did not attempt to
verify the accuracy or completeness of all information
reviewed or received during the course of this project.
4. No quantitative sampling or laboratory testing was

performed by SACS as part of this assessment. Where sampling
and analysis has been conducted by another party, and the
resultant data are pertinent to the preparation of this
program document, SACS has relied on upon the data provided,
and not conducted an independent evaluation of the
reliability of these data.
OSHA 1910.1200 HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD

APPENDIX 3 (F) HAZARD COMMUNICATION
FINAL RULE; HAZARD COMMUNICATION
29 CFR PARTS 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1926, and 1928.
(59 FR 6126 (Feb. 9, 1994) and 59 FR 65947 (Dec. 22, 1994)
Agency: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA); Labor.
Action: Final Rule.
11-10
Summary: The HCS requires employers to establish hazard
communication programs to transmit information on the hazards
of chemicals to their employees by means of labels on
containers, material safety data sheets, and training
programs. Implementation of these hazard communication
programs will ensure all employees have the "right-to-know"
the hazards and identities of the chemicals they work with,
and will reduce the incidence of chemical related
occupational illness and injuries.
This modified final rule includes a number of minor changes

and technical amendments to further clarify the requirements,
and there by help ensure full compliance and achieve
protection for employees. In particular, the rule adds and
clarifies certain exemptions from labeling and other
requirements; modifies and clarifies aspects of the written
hazard communication program and labeling requirements;
clarifies and slightly modifies the duties of distributors,
manufacturers, and importers to provide material safety data
sheets (MSDSs) to employees; and clarifies certain provisions
regarding MSDSs.
Effective Dates: The amendment in this document were

effective on Dec. 22, 1994.
For further Information Contact: Mr. James F. Foster, Office
of Information and Consumer Affairs, Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., room
N3647, Washington, DC 20210; telephone (202)219-8151.
To aid in efforts to comply with the HCS, a single copy of
the following document may be obtained without charge from
OSHA's Publication Office, room N3101 at the above address,
(202)219-4667: the Hazard Communication Standard (a federal
register reprint of today's publication); OSHA 3084, Chemical
Hazard Communication, a booklet describing the requirements
of the rule; OSHA 3117, Information SOBRE LOS RIESGOS DE LOS
PRODUCTOS QUIMICOS, a spanish translation of OSHA 3084; OSHA
3111, Hazard Communication Guidelines for Compliance, a
booklet which reprints Appendix E of the standard to further
help employees comply with the rule; and OSHA 3116,
Information Sobre riegos Normas De Cumplimiento, a spanish
translation of OSHA 3111, OSHA 3104, Hazard Communication-
a Compliance Kit (a step by step guide to compliance with the
standard) is available from the Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, (202)
783-3238; GPO Order NO. 929-022-00000-9; $18 domestic $22
11-11
Foreign.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS CONTENTS
As a minimum, the MSDS must contain the following information:
 The name, address, and telephone number of the source

of the produce or material, preferably those of the
manufacturer.
 The trade name and synonyms of the product or materials.
 Chemical names of hazardous ingredients, including,

but not limited to, those in mixtures. An indication
of the percentage, by weight or volume, which each
ingredient of a mixture bears to the whole mixture.
 Physical data pertaining to the product to material,

including boiling point (in F); vapor pressure (in mm
of mercury); vapor density of gas or vapor (air = 1);
solubility in water (in percent by weight);
specific gravity of materials (water = 1);
percentage volatile by volume (at 70 F);
evaporation rate for liquids (either butyl acetate
or ether may be taken as 1); and appearance and odor.
 Fire and explosion hazard data pertaining to the

product or material, including flash point (in F);
flammable limits (in percent by volume in air);
suitable extinguishing media or agent; special fire
fighting procedures; and unusual fire and explosion
hazard information.
 Health hazard data pertaining to the product or

material; including exposure limits, effects of
overexposure and medical conditions aggravated by
exposure, and emergency and first aid procedures.
Reactivity data, including stability,
incompatibility, hazardous decomposition products,
and hazardous polymerization.
 Procedures to be followed and precautions to be taken

in cleaning up and disposing of materials leaked or
spilled.
11-12
 Special protection information, including use of
personal protective equipment protective clothing, and
ventilation or other control measures. Special
precautionary information about handling and storing.
Any other general precautionary information.
11-13
SELECTED DEFINITIONS
article. A manufactured item exempt from the OSHA Hazard

Communication Standard: (i) Which is formed to a specific
shape or design during manufacture; (ii) which has end use
function(s) dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or
design during end use; and (iii) which does not release, or
otherwise result in exposure to a, hazardous chemical, under
normal conditions of use.
chemical. Any element, chemical compound or mixture of

elements, and or compounds.
chemical manufacturer. An employer with a work place where

chemical(s) are produced for use or distribution.
chemical name. The scientific designation of a chemical in

accordance with the nomenclature system developed by the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or
the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) rules of nomenclature,
or a name which will clearly identify the chemical for the
purpose of conducting a hazard evaluation.
common name. Any designation or identification such as code

name, code number, trade name, brand name, or generic name
used to identify a chemical other than by its chemical name.
compressed gas. (i) A gas mixture of gases having, in a

container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 F (21.1
C); or (ii) A gas having, in a container , an absolute pressure
exceeding 104 psi at 130 F (54.4C) regardless of the pressure
at 70 F (21.1c); or (iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure
exceeding 40 psi at 100 F (37.8C) as determined by ASTM
D-323-72.
container. Any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum,

reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a
hazardous chemical. For Hazard Communication purposes,
pipes, or piping system, engine, fuel tanks, or other
operating systems in a vehicle, are not considered to be
containers.
distributor. A business, other than a chemical manufacturer

11-14
or importer, which supplies hazardous chemicals to other
distributors
or to employers.
employee. A worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals

under normal operating conditions or in foreseeable
emergencies. Workers such as office workers or bank tellers
who encounter hazardous chemicals only in non-routine,
isolated instances are not covered by the Hazardous
Communication Standard.
explosive. A chemical that causes a sudden, almost

instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when
subjected to a sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
exposed. Exposed means that an employee is subjected to a

hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any
route of entry ( inhalation, ingestion, skin contract, or
absorption, etc.) and includes potential (eg., accidental or
possible) exposure.
flammable liquid. Any liquid having a flash point below 100

F(37.8 C)
flash point. The minimum or lowest temperature at which a

liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration just the
liquid surface to ignite.
foreseeable emergency. Any potential occurrence such as, but

not limited to, equipment failure rupture of containers, or
failure of control equipment which could result in an
uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the
workplace.
hazardous chemical. Any chemical which is a physical hazard

or a health hazard, as defined by the Hazard Communication
Standard, except for, (i) any hazardous waste(as defined by
the U.S EPA); (ii) tobacco products; (iii) wood or wood
products; (iv) articles; (v) food, drugs, cosmetics, or
alcoholic beverages in a retail establishment which are
packaged for sale to consumers.
hazard warnings. Means any words, pictures, symbols, or

combination thereof appearing on a label or other
11-15
appropriate form of warning which convey the hazard(s) of
the chemical(s) in the container(s).
health hazard. Chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic, or

highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,
corrosive, sensitizes, hepatoxins, nephrotoxins,
neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system,
and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous
membranes.
immediate use. Means that the hazardous chemicals will be

under the control of and used only by the person who
transferred it from labeled container and only within the work
shift in which it is transferred.
label. Any written, printed, or graphic material displayed

on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). SEE APPENDIX B
physical hazard. A chemical which is either combustible,

compresses gas, explosive, flammable, organic peroxide,
oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable(reactive) or water reactive.
produce. Manufacture, process, formulated, or repackage.
use. Package, handle, react, or transfer.
work area. A room or defined space in a workplace where

hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees
are present.
workplace. An established, job site, or project, at one

geographical location containing one or more work areas.
11-16
EXTRA
SHEET
11-17
SOCIETY OF ACCREDITED
COMMODITY SAMPLERS
UP OR OUT POLICY
1. An applicant who is accorded special status as
Representative (REP) with an Active membership, must re-apply
by the end of his or her fourth year, unless they successfully
complete the prescribed Sampling Representative Examination.
2. Any member who does not pass the SRE examination will be
separated from membership.
SOCIETY OF ACCREDITED NATIONAL (603)521-2801

COMMODITY SAMPLERS FAX (603)521-2801
11-18
ADVERTISING POLICY
ANY MEDIA ADVERTISING, STATIONARY, REPORTS, BUSINESS CARDS,

ETC, WHICH BEAR EITHER THE SACS ACRONYM,OR "SOCIETY OF
ACCREDITED COMMODITY SAMPLERS, OR "SACS" SHALL SHOW THE
MEMBERSHIP CLASS OF THE MEMBER, THIS MAY BE, THE LETTERS,
REP,SAMP. REP, CS, CSA AFTER THE MEMBERS NAME OR (B) THE WORDS
ACCREDITED REP, SAMPLING REP, COMMODITY SAMPLER, OR COMMODITY
SAMPLER ANALYST SHOWN ELSEWHERE ON THE ITEM.
This policy was approved by the board of directors on July

27, 199 , and becomes effective on October 5, 199 .
12
The Samplers Kit
14
The Practical Samplers Handbook
Definition of Sampling:
Sampling is defined as the operation of removing a

representative part, convenient in size for testing, from a
whole of much greater bulk, in such a way that the proportion
and distribution of the quantity to be measured are within
measurable limits, the same in both the whole and the part
removed: the sample.
The samplers prayer

When in danger or in doubt,
Run in circles, scream and shout.
Sampling.
1.) Identification of materials.

This is absolutely critical. The sampler must have all
relevant paperwork to identify the material, viz. lot
numbers, number of drums, and drum numbers(if applicable),
shippers name, what the material is, advised weights,
anything that will ensure that the material being sampled is
the material to be sampled. If information is given by the
receivers company and cannot be independently confirmed it
must be used on a, "said to be", basis, and this must be noted
in the report. When this is confirmed it is now possible to
go to the next stage the weighing.
2.) Weighing the material.

Material can be weighed using scales, weight bridges and by
draft surveying ships full and empty and calibrating their
weight, obviously a competent draft surveyor must be used as
it is a skilled operation.
a.) Weighing by scales
(i)In the precious metal materials used the most accurate
scales possible and usually weigh containers separately.
Rule of Thumb
above 500 kg. scales used tolerance plus or minus 0.5 Kg.
between 50 Kg. to 499Kg. " " " " 0.1 Kg.
less than 50 Kg. " " " " 0.001Kg.
If the material is very valuable use the most accurate scales
available.
14-1
(ii)Weight bridges are used usually for tractor trailers
loads of material, scrap, coal, fertilizer etc.
(iii) Draft surveys are taken first unloaded, then loaded,
and the weight of material is then calculated by something
called displacement. Usually for iron ore, concentrates,
coal, scrap metals.
(iv) Sometimes concentrates are weighed by rail car. The car
is first weighed, filled and gross weighed, using a weight
bridge.
All details about the scales must be noted, i.e. make, type,
model number, serial number, and capacity and sensitivity,
scale pointer or digital read out etc. Also the date of last
calibration and the next calibration date and by whom carried
out the last test. The sampler can check if the scale is
functionally correct by using his/her own body weight, as a
standard.
Weighing is a very important operation, if possible get a
printout of the weights and or check you have got the same
weight written down as the receiver's representative.
3.) Moisture.
Moistures are weighed out as soon as possible once the
containers are opened. It is usual to dry overnight with a
minimum of 12 hours usually at 105C-110C or whatever
conditions are specified in the contract. When the sample
dried it must be cooled in an enclosed desiccated place. The
loss weight is usually calculated as moisture, note any
odorous of organic reagents or oils etc.
The net dry weight can then be calculated. With concentrates
in rail cars the moisture is determined on each car and from
these weights the average moisture for each lot can be
calculated.
I could write from now until doomsday about sampling so only

guide lines can be given.
4.) P.M. Concentrates Usually blended - 10% down to 1% of the

material then spinning riffle to 1-2 Kg. put to sieve at agreed
mesh oversize , milled, mixed well, and quality sample taken
by dipping or spinning riffle.
Iron ore sample usually taken by automatic sampler throughout
discharged crushed if necessary, then mixed, moisture taken,
size carried out and the final sample prepared.
14-2
There are so many variations but each method is at each
discharge port so that the agreed method can be seen and the
sampler can ensure that the operation is carried out
correctly.
Concentrates:
The sample for quality and moisture is taken from each rail
car the moisture determined and the dried sample being used
for the quality sample. This samples are milled and sieved
at the agreed size, mixed and quality samples taken
Stock Pile sampling:
Take samples at agreed levels up the stockpile ensuring if
the rich material is at the bottom or at the top a fair sample
is taken. Then trust to the agreed procedure.
Falling conveyor or stream Take samples at regular intervals
and treat as agreed.
Computer scrap this usually heaps of material to be loaded
as each increment is loaded samples are taken across the
exposed face, watch out for any water at the bottom of the
heap.
Bullion sampling: nearly always the metal is melted and
samples are taken from the molten metal. If the samples are
to be taken by drilling from ingots ensure that the bar is
drilled at top bottom and that the drill holes go
14-2
over halfway through the bars just incase of rogue metal in
the middle of the bars. As stated these methods could go on
and on. The sampler must be alert, suspicious, avoid being
taken to lunch stay at the sampling operation at all times.
If samples have to been left, seal the container, also the
moisture ovens.
The sampler must exercise his ingenuity to overcome
difficulties; there is never an excuse for not getting his
material samples and problems must be overcome He must ensure
that the client is getting a sample that accurately represents
the material.
Traveling one must ensure that you have all the necessary
equipment when you go; as this sometimes happens at short
notice it is worth having a sampling bag packed.
If you get enough time ensure that your clothes fit the
environment you are traveling to Passport, money, sampling
packets, plastic bags, seals, stationary calculator, markers
pens, and a magnet.
14-3
Take a language dictionary if possible or radio shack has a
electronic interpreter in 6 different languages make sure you
take along extra batteries.
When going to third world countries take an emergency medical
kit ensure you have the required inoculation and most
important the certificates to prove it. Malaria tablets, and
Anti-diarrhea!!!
The Samplers Epitaph

A sampler stood at the pearly gates his head was weary and
low,
He humbly ask the man at the gate, which was the way to go,
"What have you done" St Peter said, To gain admittance here?"
I was a sampler down below, for many a weary year",
St Peter opened the gate and rang the golden bell, "Come on
in <" he said and take your harp, you've had your share of
hell".
14-4
The following exert is taken from The Gilson Company, Inc.
1996 catalog SS-96, of copyrighted material, with written
permission
10/07/96. 1-800-444-1508 or PO Box 677 Worthington, Ohio
43085-0677
Use and Care
When using sieves to segregate a dry material common sense
should assure keeping the sieve intact, Wet material is
another story talk to the manufacturer for special
instructions and or methods of care.
The two main types of sieves are woven or electroformed. The
electroformed are being used more increasingly because of
quality control (ISO 9000).
Matched sieves can be ordered, contact manufacturer.
Test materials are available to check sieve opening size,
contact manufacturer.
+------------+---------------+---------------+-
| Brass Cloth|Stainless Cloth|Stainless Clot |
8 in Diameter| Brass Frame| Brass Frame |Stainless
Frame
------------+------------+---------------+---------------
+
Course Series full ht.,1/2 full ht.,1/2 full
ht.,1/2 |
---------------------------------------------------------
-----+ 4" 100 mm . - - y -
y -
3-1/2" 90 mm - - y - y
-
3" 75 mm - - y - y -
2-1/2" 63 mm - - y - y
-
2.12" 53 mm - - y - y -
2" 50 mm - - y - y -
1-3/4" 45 mm - - y - y -
1-1/2" 37.5 mm - - y - y -
1-1/4" 31.5 mm - - y - y -
1.06" 26.5 mm - - y - y -
1" 25.0 mm - - y - y -
7/8" 22.4 mm - - y - y -
3/4" 19.0 mm - - y - y -
5/8" 16.0 mm - - y - y -
0.530" 13.2 mm - - y - y
1/2" 12.5 mm - - y - y -
14-5
7/16" 11.2 mm - - y - y -
3/8" 9.5 mm - - y - y -
5/16" 8.0 mm - - y - y -
0.265" 6.7 mm - - y - y
-
1/4" 6.3 mm - - y - y -
No.3-1/2 5.6 mm - - y - y
y
No. 4 4.75 mm - - y - y
y
Sieves come in diameters of 8", 12", 3", or special 6", 10"

They vary in construction all brass, stainless cloth, brass
frame, or all stainless. Stacking heights full or half. US
Standard size designations.
As you can see the choice are outstanding and should be

applicable for all sampling needs. Should you need special
size sieve contact them. options, options, options.
+------------+---------------+---------------+-
| Brass Cloth|Stainless Cloth|Stainless Clot |
8 in Diameter| Brass Frame| Brass Frame |Stainless
Frame
------------+------------+---------------+---------------
+
Fine Series full ht.,1/2 full ht.,1/2 full ht.,1/2 |
---------------------------------------------------------
-----+
No. 5 4.00 mm - - y y y y
No. 6 3.35 mm - - y y y y
No. 7 2.80 mm - - y y y y
No. 8 2.36 mm y y y y y y
No.10 2.00 mm y y y y y y
No.20 850um y y y y y y
No.25 710 y y y y y y
No.30 600 y y y y y y
No.35 500 y y y y y y
No.40 425 y y y y y y
No.45 355 y y y y y y
No.50 300 y y y y y y
14-6
No.60 250 y y y y y y
No.70 212 y y y y y y
No.80 180 y y y y y y
No.100 150 y y y y y y
No.120 125 y y y y y y
No.140 106 y y y y y y
No.170 90 y y y y y y
No.200 75 y y y y y y
No.230 63 y y y y y y
No.270 53 y y y y y y
No.325 45 y y y y y y
No.400 38 y y y y y y
No.450 32 - - y y y y
No.500 25 - - y y y y
No.635 20 - - y y y y
Regular Pan y y y y y y
Extend Rim Pan y y y y y y
Regular Cover y y y y y y
Cover w/ring y y y y y y
14-7
Spanish/English Greetings
Buenos dias (good morning)
Como esta usted (how are you)
Estoy bien, gracias, *y usted? (I'm fine, thanks. How are you?)
Muy bien, gracias (very well thanks)
*Hola! *Que'tal (Hi, how goes it?)
*Co'mo le va? (How are you getting along)
Bien, gracias (Fine, thanks.)
Con permiso. Excuse me (when you don't understand)
Como no. (certainly)
Dispenseme Excuse me, when entering elevator
Lo siento mucho (I'm very sorry)
Esta bien (that's okay.)
Muchas gracias (thanks a lot)
De nada (you're welcome)
No hay de que' (don't give it a thought)
Quiero presentarle al senor Brown (I'd like to present Mr. Brown to
you)
Quiero presentarle la senora de Brown(I'd like to present Mrs. Brown
to you)
Igualmente, gracias (Same here, thanks)
Encantando de conocerla (delighted to meet you)
Mucho gusto de conocerlo (Glad to meet you)
Adios (Goodbye)
Hasta Manana (See you tomorrow)
Hasta luego (So long)
15
INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATES
MAILING ADDRESSES
SACS - UK SACS - India

C/O Peter Hofer C/O Deepak Vyas
83 Clerkenwell RD 9/10 Casamajor Road
Hatten Garden, London Flat 2c, Elcanso Apts
EC1R5AR, Great Britain Egmore, Madras-600008, India
SACS - Japan SACS - Spain

C/O Ippey Susato C/O Maria-Angeles Marcaide
Tear Drop Co. Ltd Senda De los Canonigos,
4-4-6 Taishido Setgaya-ku, 6-4 01080
Tokyo, Japan 154 Victoria, Spain
SACS - Switzerland SACS - Thailand

C/O Christoph Brack C/O Satit Jiraprachaya
Hammerweg 24, 8404 392/6-8 Sukhumvit Rd.
Winterthur, Switzerland (near Soi 20)
Khongtoy, Bankok 10110
Thailand
16
INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS
What you need to know about keeping dealings concerning
Independent
Contractors Status. Questions you should ask:
 Does the company pay individuals more than $10,000 on

a 1099 basis?
 Does the company hire workers to perform the same or

similar activities as present employees on staff?
 Does the company have independent contractors whose

sole annual income is from the company?
Determine Your Worker Status

Guidelines for determining worker's status for state
unemployment insurance laws:
The ABC Test

A. The individual is free from any direction or control in
performing the work.
B. The work is performed outside the employer's place of

business.
C. The individual has an established business.
Note:
As long as the employer is entitled to control what must be

done and how it must be done, the individual worker must be
treated as an employee for tax withholding purposes.
Corporate officers generally are treated as common law

employees if they are paid for services performed for a
corporation, even if these services are performed only on a
part time basis.
IRS assistance is available by filing a Form SS8

17
DETERMINING INDEPENDENT
CONTRACTOR STATUS
Who is an independent contractor?
Risk of profit or loss-Independent contractors realize a

profit or sustain a loss based on their success in performing
the work or service.
Continuing relationship-The relationship between an

independent contractor and the employer ends when the job is
done.
Compliance with instructions-Independent contractors cannot

be told when, where, or how to do a job.
Training-Independent contractors do not go through any type

of instructional training period with more experienced
employee to learn how to do the job. Independent contractors
specialize in the field in which you have employed them and
do not need to be trained.
Personal services required-The right of an independent

contractor to substitute another's services without the
employer's knowledge shows that one individual's personal
services are not being required by the employer.
Integration into the business-The success or continuation of

the business is not dependent on the independent contractor's
performance of the service.
Control over the hiring, supervision and paying of

assistance-An independent contractor maintains control of
their assistants. The employer contacts the independent
contractor if there is a problem, and the employer pays the
independent contractor for the work done and the independent
contractor pays the assistants directly.
Set hours of work-The independent contractor establishes

his/her own hours of work.
A full-time work requirement-An independent contractor has

the availability to work for more than one client.
17-1
Working for more than one firm-An independent contractor has
an established business in which they work for more than one
firm.
Worker's availability to the general public-An independent

contractor makes services available to the public on a regular
and consistent basis.
Working on the employer's premises-An independent

contractor,(unless the nature of the service requires), works
off premises.
Required work order or sequence-An independent contractor

does not need to be told in what order to do his job. They
have been employed as one that is an expert in this field and
do not need to be told how to do the job.
Required reports-An independent contractor is not required

to submit oral or written reports.
Payment by the hour, week or month-An independent contractor

is paid in a lump sum fee basis when the job is done. An invoice
must be generated to substantiate the payment.
Payment of business or travel expenses-An independent

contractor is responsible for his/her own business or travel
expenses. If paid by an employer, the employer must include
in the independent contractors 1099, unless you can verify
an accountable plan.
Furnishing of tools and materials-An independent contractor

maintains an office on the employer's premises, he/her pays
rent or lease payment for the office space as well as the
overhead.
Employer's discharge rights-An independent contractor cannot

be terminated as long as they are fulfilling the contract.
Worker's termination rights-An independent contractor could
be financially responsible for any loss the employer suffered
because they did not fulfill their contract.
17-2
IRS Reclassification
Employer liability:
1.5 percent of the employee's federal income liability
20 percent of the amount that should have been withheld for

the employee's FICA taxes
If an employer has failed to file Form 1099(according to

return requirements) for the individual's compensation
before the reclassification, the liability for FITW and FICA
taxes doubles to 3 percent of the employee's federal income
tax liability and 40 percent for the employee's FICA
taxes Employers may not recover from the reclassified
employee any tax determination, and may not deduct these
amounts from the employee's compensation.
Warning: Failure to withhold because of an intentional

disregard of the withholding requirements (rather than a good
faith misclassification) may result in more severe penalties.
Section 530-safe harbor:
Contains a relief provision that excuses employers from

employment tax liability if they have made a good faith
misclassification and can show a reasonable basis for
treating the worker as an independent contractor for any
period after DECEMBER 31, 1978
Conditions the employer must meet:
1. Consistently file all federal tax returns with respect to

the individual(e.g. Form 1099-MISC)
2. Has not treated any other individual holding the same or

substantially similar position as an employee at any time
after 1977
Good Faith Misclassification
Employers may claim a good faith misclassification if they

have:
17-3
A court ruling, published IRS ruling, IRS technical advice
or a letter ruling directed to the employer. A previous IRS
audit if the audit did not result in a tax assessment of any
workers holding positions similar to the one in question.
A longstanding, widely accepted practice in the industry.
17-4
Paper Trail For
Establishing An Independent Contractor
(For companies)
1. Set up a separate file for every independent contractor.
2. The tab of the files should indicate the independent

contractors name in which the income will be reported and
their appropriate employer identification number
3. In the file:
First: Written contract or agreement the employer has with

them.
Second: W-9
Third Proof they work for more than one firm(e.g. copy of
valid business, advertising, or business card)
Fourth Copies of invoices that have been issued to the

employer for payment
Fifth Copies of the 1099
The above document is for reference purpose only and should

not be used as LAW! If you have any doubt contact the IRS they
will be glad to talk to you!!!!!! SEE LIMITATION CHAPTER 12
17-5
CANON OF ETHICS
and
RULES OF PRACTICE
Foreword
The Law of Agency - A business is responsible, or liable, for

the actions its agents undertake as part of their duties as
employees.
The Society of Accredited Commodity Samplers is dedicated to

self improvement of its members. This is a voluntary society
devoid of employers or receivers participation in an official
capacity. We are participants in order to improve the quality
of sampling in its many forms, conducted throughout the world.
While it may appear, in an industry approaching 150 years of

organized service, that most of the uncharted spaces are
filled with the knowledge gained of experience, many fields
are yet unexplored. Equally important, is our rapidly
changing world, which has evolved and progressed into the
global community of today. The highly efficient methods and
technology of yesterday will be on the way to obsolescence
tomorrow. It is the obligation of all of us in the sampling
community to provide better methods and improve the level of
service to our clients. Along the way to self improvement,
the fragile resources of our global community must be spared
the insensitivity of an era gone by. In the exploration and
development of better methods and procedures, this society
is to play a major role through the free exchange of
information and ideas among the people who are out in the field
living the mandates handed down from above, we are the front
line.
As this society and the industry it serves enters the 21st
Century , the society proposes to rededicate itself to the
goal of helping its industry and its membership to be ever
more relevant, and better equipped, to the fulfillment of our
A
critical role in providing efficient representation and for
the elimination of risk on our clients behalf.
PREAMBLE:
Members of the society must be persons of integrity, whom

conduct business in a professional and ethical manner.
Members can not or will not attempt to violate the Cannon of
Ethics, or knowingly assist or induce others to do so.
MEMBERS SHALL BE DEDICATED TO:
1. Strive to enhance the profession of sampling
The Sampler will:
A). Be competent, prompt, and diligent and demonstrate

respect for the sampling profession. i.e., competence
requires knowledge, skill, thoughtfulness and preparation
reasonably necessary for the assignment.
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B). Enjoy a favorable reputation industry wide.
C). Cooperate in developing the sampling profession by:
A. Contributing one’s skill and knowledge to insure

the elimination of risk for the
client, while furthering the profession and
protecting the public.
2. Exchange general information with peers and Associates.
3. Contribute to the work of technical societies.
2. MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE THEIR PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND

EXPERTISE.
The sampler will:
A). Participate in continuing education as required by the

Society.
3. CONDUCT THEIR BUSINESS IN A PROFESSIONAL MANNER.
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The sampler will;
A). Accept only assignments that can be completed with

professional competence.
B). Respect the confidential nature of the industry.
C). At no time, discuss proprietary information or processes.
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4. MAINTAIN INDEPENDENCE, INTEGRITY AND OBJECTIVITY.
The sampler will:
A). When representing a client: endeavor to present facts and

opinions without prejudice.
B). Refrain from suppressing, over-emphasizing or

manipulating facts.
C). Set hours of work performed for a client at a reasonable

representation of actual work hours and avoid any
compensation that could be perceived as a corrupting
judgment.
5. AVOID PREJUDICE AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The sampler will:
A). Avoid assignments that would create a conflict of

interest.
B). Inform a client of any business connection, interest or

affiliation that might influence ones judgment or impair the
disinterested nature of sampling.
C). Accept compensation from more than one source.
D). Not make false, misleading, deceptive or unfair

statements concerning member samplers or other
sampling services integrity.
Within the prescribed limits of this preamble, it is
impossible to enumerate all the benefits to be derived, but
the proceedings of past meetings show the good already
accomplished, and suggest a future of important,
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even critical work, achievable by codifying a path through
this art and science in the quest of our goals. This
Constitution, in all its parts, is our codification.
The mission of the society can be defined as a response to

the need of our industry:
To be a professional and educational society for the person

engaged in the sampling, measuring and/or verifying of
commodities worldwide and NEVER TO BE A LABOR UNION.
The society shall gather, develop, evaluate, and disseminate
information, and make recommendations by enhancing the
knowledge, skills, and professionalism (and thereby, the
effectiveness) of each individual member.
The vision of the society is to:
Serve as a basic reliable resource and clearinghouse for the

information on technologies, operating practices, management
techniques, and emerging regulations of interest and concern
to
members. Provide cost-effective means, such as publications
and regional meetings and seminars, and hands-on training
exercises, designed specially for improving the skills and
professionalism of its members.
Serve as advisor to individuals, other industry

organizations, educational institutions, public agencies,
and to supply and the technical support industry, when the
unique expertise, experience and capabilities of the society
and its members match a need which has been communicated to
the society by such an entity.
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CONSTITUTION
Article 1-General
Sec.1 The name of this organization is the Society of

Accredited Commodity Samplers or SACS.
Sec.2 Our objective is the development and advancement of

knowledge in the practice of sampling commodities. Its focus,
aims and purpose are defined in the Forward and Preamble of
this document.
A secondary objective shall be the encouragement of qualified

and highly motivated individuals to pursue endeavors leading
to the advancement of all sampling, with safety utmost.
Sec.3 Ways and means to these ends shall be;
A). Regular meetings of the society to hear and discuss

reports of committees, to participate in workshops and
seminars, and to hear the remarks and presentations of
industry and related leaders, experts, and others with
recognized knowledge to impart.
B). Investigation of and or research, as appropriate and in

accordance with the requirements of the Constitution and
By-Laws, into any pertinent matter by individual members or
arising from industry circumstances.
C). Participation as an association or with others in joint

meetings, conferences, activities, investigations and or
research, as appropriate, and in accordance with the
requirements of the Constitution and By-Laws.
D). Publications of a proceedings containing committee

reports, addresses, and discussions related thereto.
E). Provisions of leadership in our industry in matters in

which the membership and or the society holds special
expertise or experience.
Sec.4 Action of the society on practices suggested, discussed

or recommended by a committee, an individual member or speaker
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shall be recommendatory only. It shall not be the custom of
the society to take an official position on matters of
controversy or political action. This shall not prevent the
general endorsement of practices which promote safety,
quality, professionalism and productivity.
ARTICLE II-MEMBERSHIP
SEC.2. Membership shall be five classes.

A). ACTIVE
B). ASSOCIATE
C). HONORARY
D). LIFE
E). CORPORATE SPONSOR AKA SPONSOR
Sec.2. Active members shall be restricted to active or retired

samplers who spend or spent at least 60% of their time
practicing the art of sampling, outside an office
environment, and were not during the last 6 months in a
supervisory or management position by name or by action. All
persons who were active members in good standing prior to the
adoption of this edition of the constitution and who remain
in good standing, shall not be barred from active membership.
Sec.3. Associate membership shall be restricted to active or

retired persons other than those eligible for active
membership including those whose pursuit, studies, sampling
experience, and or practical knowledge qualifies them to
cooperate with the society in the development and advancement
of knowledge or sampling problems. Such persons may be , but
are not limited to;
A). Representatives of reclamation services or commodity

generators/producers.
B). Professors, instructors of tributary disciplines in
colleges or universities.
C). Representatives of related industries who are appointive
officers in areas other than the management of
operations.
D). Representatives of public agencies.
E). Others, according to the needs of the society, not
directly connected with sampling management, and are
subject to the approval of the Executive Council.
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Sec.3a. Sponsors may be any business whom shares the same
philosophy as the membership for the advancement of sampling.
A sponsor may not vote or attend meetings.
Sec.4. Honorary membership shall be conferred only upon

persons from the ranks of the categories delineated in Section
2 and 3 of this Article whose outstanding achievements and
or acknowledged eminence in the practice of sampling makes
them of exceptional value to the sampling community. The
number of honorary membership shall not exceed twenty at any
time. Honorary members shall have all the rights and
privileges of the society except holding office and voting.
They shall be exempt from dues.
Sec.5. Life membership shall be conferred upon Active and

Associate members who are retired by their company or agency,
who have no ongoing paid employment within the industry, such
as consulting, and who have paid dues continuously for ten
years.
Upon the payment of reduced annual dues designed only to cover

the cost of annual proceedings, such life members shall retain
all privileges of active membership as long as they pay these
reduced dues. Life members shall be encouraged to remain
active and play a role in meetings, seminars, workshops, and
training exercises with the emphasis on teaching from
experience.
Sec.6. Associate members shall have all the rights and

privileges of the society except those of holding office and
voting. However, one member of the Board of Directors may be
an Associate member.
Sec.7. The Executive Council shall transfer membership from

one class to another upon submittal of eligibility.
Sec.8. Any member who is retired may retain his former

membership status by payment of annual dues.
Sec.9. The society shall not discriminate on the basis of

race, color, religion, age, ancestry, national origin,
gender, sexual orientation, political affiliation, or any
other grounds prohibited by law.
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Sec.10. All members of all categories shall be and are
encouraged to actively and fully participate in all
activities and business of the society.
ARTICLE III-Application for Membership
Sec.1. Application for membership shall be made upon the

prescribed form and application shall be endorsed by two
members.
Sec.2. All applications for membership shall be considered

by the Membership Committee and a majority vote shall elect.
Sec.3. Proposals for Honorary membership shall be presented

in writing by not less than three members and shall be
considered by the Executive Council. A majority vote shall
elect.
Sec.4. A member who resigns may be reinstated provided such

reinstatement application be approved by the Executive
Council.
Article IV-Officers and Elections
Sec.1,The officers and all, or but one, of the Directors of

the Society, except the Secretary, shall be Active members.
One Director may be an Associate member. The officers and
directors shall be:
Chairman, President, Vice President, Ten Directors

(10),
Treasurer, Secretary.
Sec.2, The Chairman, is a lifetime position and is to be filled

by his designee, upon his death. The Appointees name must be
updated in writing yearly on January 1. The name is to be in
the possession of Secretary.
Sec.3, The Chairman, President, Vice President, Treasure and

the Directors shall constitute an Executive Council which
shall be the governing body of the society. All past
presidents of the society shall be ex-officio members of the
Executive Council.
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Sec.4, A President shall not succeed himself.
Sec.5, A vacancy in the office of President shall be filled

by the Vice President, until the next election.
Sec.6, When a vacancy occurs in the Treasurer, it shall be

filled by the Executive Council and the person so appointed
shall hold the office until his or her successor is elected.
Sec.7, When a vacancy occurs among the Directors, the

nominating committee will select and appoint a Director and
the person so appointed shall serve the unexpired term until
the next election.
Sec.8, An incumbent in any office to fill an unexpired term

shall be eligible for reelection to the office for the full
term.
Sec.9. When any officer ceases to be an active member of the

society or resigns from office, his or her position shall be
filled in accordance with Section 5 or 6 of this article. When
any director ceases to be a member of the appropriate class,
his or her position shall be filled in ‖_•_–_—_ __
Article V-Nominations
Sec.1. A nominating committee, shall be chaired by JPR or his

designee, and its members appointed by the President.
It shall be the duty of the nominating committee to offer at
each annual meeting a slate consisting of one active member
as a candidate for the President, one for the Vice President,
one for the Treasurer, four names of Active members for
Director or alternately, three Active members and one name
of an Associate member, and a candidate for Secretary.
Additional nominations for the officers and directors may be
made by any Active member and the additional nominations are
received by the President or nominating committee in writing
not less than five work days in advance of the fist day of
the annual meeting.
Sec.2. All officers and four directors shall be elected at

each annual meeting, the officers for one year term and the
directors for three year terms, but if any such meeting is
A-7
omitted, officers and directors shall remain in office until
their successors are elected.
Sec.3. Voting shall be conducted by the chairman or designated

member of the nominating committee, separately for each
officer and for the slate of directors. Voting shall be by
voice. Any member may request the Secretary to read the names
of qualified voters present or may request a written secret
ballot. All voting shall be counted by the nominating
committee.
Sec.4, In case of a tie between candidates for the same office,

balloting shall continue until majority is received by one
candidate.
Sec.5, The person receiving the highest number of votes on

the first ballot, for the office for which they are
candidates, shall be elected.
Sec.6, The chairman or designated member of the nominating

committee shall announce the results of each election.
Article VI-Procedures
Sec.1, Except, as otherwise provided the President shall

preside at all meetings of the society. He or she shall name
the personnel of the committees provided for in Section 5a
of this article, and shall be ex-officio member of all
committees. The President shall have the bonds of the
Treasurer and the Secretary.
Sec.2, The President shall approve all checks and vouchers

covering disbursements of the funds of the society.
Sec.3, The Vice President, shall preside at meetings of the

society, in the absence or inability of the President.
Sec.4, In the absence of the President or Vice President at

the opening of a regular or special meeting of the society,
the Active members present shall elect a presiding officer
from among any members of the Executive Council present,
providing there is a quorum present as defined in Article VII,
Section 4.
A-8
Sec.5a, Within 60 days following the election of a President,
he or she shall appoint the following standing committees to
serve during his term:
United States National Committee has 3 members plus 1 each

from all sub groups i.e., ISU. (This committee is the
oversight body of all organizations has their own
constitutions and by-laws)
(Chaired by Chairman, 2nd member President 3rd member appointed
by Chairman can be from any level of SACS membership)
Nominating 5 members
(To be chaired by Chairman)
Auditing 5 members
(In lieu or in supplement to the Auditing Committee, a
qualified
Executive Council designee may serve in this

function)
Meeting Arrangement and Program 5 members
(To be chaired by Vice President)
Procedures and Resources 5 members
Membership 5 members
(To be chaired by Chairman)
Industry Liaison 5 members
Sec.5b. After the selection of subjects, for study,

Investigation, action, research, consideration, and or
reporting, the President shall appoint such other special
committees as may be necessary.
Sec.6, The Executive Council shall meet at such times and

places as may be directed by the President, but no fewer than
quarterly. Up to half the regular meetings may be conducted
by Tele-conference means.
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Notification of the Executive Council meetings by the
secretary shall be provided at least one month in advance.
Sec.7. Six members of the Executive Council shall constitute

a quorum for the transaction of business at any Executive
Council meeting. The secretary may be included as a voting
member of the Executive Council at the pleasure of the
presiding officer, at any meeting at which his or her presence
will be necessary to constitute a quorum.
Sec.8, The Treasurer shall sign all checks and vouchers

covering disbursement of the funds of the society, following
the approval of the President, and keep records of money
deposited and expended.
In his or her unavailability, the President may sign checks
and vouchers. In the event of the unavailability of both the
President and Treasurer, the Secretary may sign checks and
vouchers following the written approval of the President.
Sec.9, The Secretary shall be under the direction of the

President, and shall attend all meetings of the society, and
such committee meetings as may be directed by the President;
prepare the business for meetings including notification;
duly record all proceedings; conduct such correspondence as
may be necessary or directed by the President; receive and
refer all applications for membership; collect the
appropriate dues from members; deposit all funds for the
Treasure in such depository as may be approved by the
President; pay bills under the direction of the President and
the Treasurer; keep an accurate signed record of all monies
received and expended; make such reports and statements as
may be required by the Society; have charge of the printing
and distribution of the Proceedings; and perform such other
duties as may be directed by the President.
Sec.10, The accounts of the Secretary and the Treasurer shall

be audited annually by the Auditing Committee, or more often
if directed by the President.
Article VII-Meetings
Sec.1, Two annual meetings shall be held yearly, on dates and

places selected by the Executive Council. They shall not
customarily last longer than three days.
A-9-a
One annual meeting shall be designated the Fall/Winter
meeting and one shall be designated the Spring/Summer
meeting. Special meetings of the society shall be held at the
time and place designated by the President, after
consultation with the Executive Council. Regional or local
mini-meetings, workshops, seminars, and training exercises
shall be held as appropriate.
Sec.2. Special meeting may be called, as required, by the

Executive Council or upon the request of at least ten members,
which request shall state the purpose. Notification of any
special meeting shall be sent by the Secretary to all members
not less than 30 days prior to the date of meeting and shall
state the purpose and place of meeting.
SEC.2a. Special meeting of the society shall not be called

except as provided in this Article.
Sec.3. The Secretary shall notify all members of the time and
place for all annual meetings 30 days or more in advance, and
convey to members such information and inquiries as may be
necessary.
Sec.4. Ten Active members, including at least two members of

the Executive Council, shall constitute a quorum at all
meetings of the society.
Sec.5. At the discretion of the executive Council, any annual

meeting may be held in conjunction with a scheduled activity
of another Sampler Association (International Sampling
Union, ISU) .
Article VIII-Amendments
Sec.1. Any member may propose an amendment to the

Constitution. All such proposals shall be referred to the
Executive Council at the next Executive Council meeting for
consideration and recommendation, and shall be reported on
at the next annual meeting. A two-thirds majority vote of the
Active members present shall be required for adoption. An
amendment adopted shall take effect once or as specified
therein.
A-9-b
Article IX-Regional Affiliates
The society shall have a mutually supportive relationship

with those affiliated local (regional) supporting
organizations consisting of essentially the same composition
of membership. These affiliated local supporting
organizations may refer themselves as affiliates of the
society. They shall include, upon ratification of these
provisions by the local supporting organizations.
This supportive relationship may be formalized upon mutual

agreement to include joint or common membership between the
society and the local supporting organizations, a joint or
common dues arrangement, and joint or common programming of
events and activities.
By-Laws
Sec.1. Each Active member is entitled to one vote. Except the

Chairman(jpr), he votes only incase of a tie in committee or
general voting. Votes may not be cast by proxy.
Sec.1a. This is not or will ever be a labor union.
Sec.2. Any Active member who leaves sampling or whose

Responsibilities are changed so as to create ineligibility
for Active Membership as provided by Article II, Section 2,
shall cease to be an Active member. However, if he or she again
becomes eligible he or she shall be restored to Active
membership. During the period of ineligibility, he or she may
continue as an Associate member.
Sec.3. The applicable annual dues of members shall be

determined by the Executive Council from time to time and
shall be payable on or before January 1st of each year. A
member owing dues shall be considered in arrears if dues are
not received by the last day of December of the year covered
by the dues. Members two years in arrears shall receive no
further meeting notification or publication, shall not be
permitted to vote, nor be entitled to any privileges of
membership until the arrears has been cleared. Payment of no
more than one years preceding year's dues plus current dues
shall be necessary to clear arrears.
A-10
Sec.4, The Secretary may accept the resignation of an Active
member, or Associate member, providing the member is not in
arrears.
Sec.5. The Executive Council may waive the dues of any Active
or Associate member who, from ill health, advanced age or
other good reason, is unable to pay them. Members whose dues
have been waived shall not be in arrears.
Sec.6. Only members and their immediate families(spouse,

children) shall be entitled to any courtesies and privileges
extended by companies or agencies.
Sec.7. The Chairman and or President (meetings and program),

or a designated member of the Meeting Arrangement Program
Committee shall invite persons to address the Society and
otherwise participate in the annual meetings, regardless of
whether such persons are members.
Sec.8. The President shall name the chairman of all committees
(except membership/nominations) provided for by Article VI,
Section 5a and 5b of the Constitution, unless the chairman
is indicated by this sections.
Sec.9, The Secretary and the Treasurer shall each be subject

of a bond in a solvent surety company in the sum of $5,000,
condition upon faithful performance of duties. Premium on
said bonds shall be paid out of funds of the Society and bonds
shall be in the custody of the President, with the Society
the beneficiary in the event of default.
Sec.10. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to prepare, print

and distribute to members, as soon after adjournment of each
annual meeting as possible, but no less often than once a year,
the Proceedings, which shall contain
a full and complete report of the meeting, all reports of

committees, action taken, etc. From time to time, the society
may issue other reports and publications, and these shall
likewise be prepared, printed, and distributed by the
Secretary. If, at the discretion of the Secretary and the
President, assistance is required in the execution of these
duties, the President shall appoint a Publication Committee
for this purpose, as prescribed by Article VI, Section 5b.
A-10-a
Sec.11. The salary of the Secretary and the amount of any
stipend, honorariums, professional fees, or salaries which
may require, shall be fixed by the Executive Council.
Sec.12. It shall be the duty of the Executive Council to select

subjects for assignment to the Committees provided by Article
VI,Section 5b of the Constitution, in areas of study,
research, and regular reporting.
Sec.13. Reports of all study, research, and reporting

committees to whom subjects have been assigned, shall be
prepared and to the extent possible, be in the hands of the
Secretary 60 days prior to the annual meeting at which they
are to be presented and, as appropriate, shall be reviewed
by the Executive Council, and shall be printed and mailed to
the members by the Secretary.
Sec.14. It shall be the duty of the Committee of Membership

to advise ways for enlarging the membership, and reaching
specific groups to be targeted for membership enlargement.
Sec.15. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Meetings and

Program with the advice of the President to make all necessary
arrangements for the meetings of the society.
Sec.16. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Meetings and

Program to provide and arrange for a program for annual and
all other meetings, seminars, workshops and training
exercises which is in keeping with the focus, aims, purposes
and objects of the Society. This Committee shall periodically
solicit from the chief operating officers from various
disciplines, advice as to the subject matter covered in the
programs and activities of the Society. The members of the
society shall be polled annually on subjects of interest for
program coverage.
Sec.17. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Procedures

to prepare appropriate resolutions during meetings of the
society and submit them for action.
This shall not prevent any member from presenting

resolutions. This Committee shall also continuously review
the Constitution and procedures of the Society.
A-10-b
The Resource Center and Clearing House Subcommittee shall be
charged with the establishment and maintenance of a research
library, to consist of the collected proceedings of the
society, and such other material as is deemed appropriate for
a technical and managerial resource center. This center shall
be made available to members and to the industry for research,
and shall cooperate with other established industry resources
to act, as appropriate, as a clearing house for research
materials on the management and application of sound sampling
techniques.
Sec.18. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Industry

Liaison to conduct and foster relations with the other
professional associations including the affiliated local
supporting organizations. The objects of this committee shall
be to enhance positive recognition of the Society by the
industry, and to foster a spirit of effective cooperation with
the other professional associations, including joint
activities as appropriate.
The Consulting Projects Subcommittee of the Committee on

Industry Liaison shall be responsible for soliciting, and
concluding arrangements for situations in which the
capabilities of the Society are made available to the
industry. It shall stimulate and review requests for society
involvement and input on issues facing
the industry. Such activities shall be conducted at no net
cost to the Society, by means of appropriate charges for
expense reimbursal.
Sec.19. No person shall serve contemporaneously on more than

two committees except the Chairman.
Sec.20. With the expiration of the term of the President, an

appropriate certificate shall be issued to him certifying
that he or she is a Past President of the Society, the
certificate to be signed by the Chairman, the incoming
President and attested by the Secretary. Unless otherwise
found necessary, this certificate shall be an appropriate
size, and shall contain the following words
A-10-c
Certificate of Past President
of
The Society of Accredited Commodity
Samplers
Greetings:
THIS CERTIFIES THAT _______________________________ was

duly
elected President of the Society of Accredited Commodity

Samplers
on the _____________ day of ___________________, 19___, and

served
as such until the election of his/her successor, from this

the
_________________ day of ___________________, 19 ____,

he/she is
entitled to all the Honors of a Past President.
Witnessed the signature of the Chairman and attested by the

Secretary.
Chairman
attested:
Secretary
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Sec.21. The Order of Business at all meetings of the society
shall be as follows, subject to change by the chairman or
presiding officer, unless protested by a majority vote of
members present and as appropriate and necessary.
1. Call to order
2. Invocation
3. Welcome and introduction of guests
4. Roll call as necessary or self-introduction of all
present
5. Charge by a ranking company, or agency officer
6. Address and Panels
7. Reports of study and research committees
8. Current announcements
9. Report of the President
10. Report of the Treasurer (Spring/Summer only)
11. Report of the Auditing Committee (S/S only)
12. Report of the Secretary (S/S only)
13. Reports of Committees other than Study or Research
Committee and the Nominations and Auditing Committees
14. Unfinished Business
15. New or Special Business
16. Resolutions and Procedural Discussions
17. Report of the Nominating Committee (S/S only)
18. Elections of Officers and Directors (S/S only)
19. Memorials to deceased members
20. Announcements of Next Meeting
21. Adjournment
S/S spring/summer
Sec.22. ―Roberts Rules of Order‖ shall generally govern in

all proceedings of the Society.
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ISU Fiscal Report
The ISU financial status continues the healthy trend it has
enjoyed for the last several years despite major investments
in the development of new technology, principally that for
electronic publishing.
The accounts of the Society were audited by the firm of Kelly
Starts & Company. The audit was conducted in accordance with
the provisions of Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Circular A-133, Audits of Institutions of Higher Education,
as well as generally accepted auditing standards and
Government Auditing Standards. This audit of the society's
books and records indicate no material problems and confirm
that ISU was in compliance with the Executive Council.
The society maintains its accounts in six categories
according to the nature of the activities and the source of
the revenues. These are outlined by the following notes and
tables.
(1) General Fund: This includes the society's general

operating and administration. In addition, the General Fund
covers the income and expenses of all society programs
including educational activities and meetings. Also under
this heading are general publications handled by the
Executive Office, including the ISU Newsletter, the ISU job
Register, and the ISU Membership Directory. The General Fund
continues to provide support to the activities in the
development of Electronic Publishing.
Most of the programs of the ISU are conducted through the
Executive Office, and these have continued to expand to meet
the growing needs of the ISU membership. The in-house
Membership department handles membership records, dues,
member subscriptions to the ISU journals as well as collection
of most Division dues. Meetings have continued to grow in both
size and scope and more samplers avail themselves of this
excellent forum for the dissemination of sampling. Print
publications of the Executive Office still grow in size,
quality and circulation while many are now disseminated
electronically as well as in printed format.
At year end, the General Fund had a balance of $00,000.
B
(2) Journals: Each of the journals published by the ISU is
operated as a distinct cost center. ISU bylaws mandate that
each journal must maintain a reserve fund equal or above the
level of one-half of the annual operating expenses.
or 1995, all of the journal outperformed the budget

projections, due chiefly to small increases in income and
lower expenses than budgeted. This surplus has again allowed
the transfer of revenues to the General Fund to allow the
electronic publishing effort to continue at a favorable pace.
The SAJ was also beneficiary of a significant refund from the
POI covering prior years.
(3) Division Funds: These comprise the finances of the five

ISU Divisions and their related prizes. The Divisions legally
fall under the oversight and fiscal responsibility of the
SACS, USNC-ISU Committee, but in actuality they operate with
great independence in financial affairs. The financial
decisions of each Division are made by the Division executives
and committees of that Division, and the fiscal details are
reported directly to the members of the Division. The figures
in the Table I reflect the sum of all Division funds held both
by the Division Treasurers and by the Society Treasurers on
their behalf. Most of the fluctuations in their income and
expense level can be attributed to the timing and the size
of their annual meetings and their prize awards.
(4) Bequest and Memorial Funds: These include the ISU prizes
and other funds established by gifts and bequests to the
Society. These awards continue to be well reorganized in an
effort to foster excellence in sampling. The timing of the
actual awarding of the various prizes causes the fluctuations
between successive fiscal years.
(5) Grants Funds: Which are comprised of the operations of

the electronic Publishing grant, The SACS Educational grant,
and the collection of the SACS research and travel grant
programs. The level shows a significant increase due to a very
large increase in the expenditures in the electronic
publishing grant and the growth in the SACS program.
(6) Other Restricted Funds: Which includes the accounts for

the Daneault Visiting Lecturer Program, the Equipment
Replacement Fund, and the Operating Reserve?
B-1
The activity of the Daneault program has been building up over
the last two years following a successful effort to ensure
the long-term viability of the Endowment Fund. The Operating
Reserve remains at a level adequate to cover almost a full
year of the Society expenses above the General Fund balance.
Society assets now total, of which nearly two thirds is in
marketable securities, which the bulk of the remainder in
cash, cash equivalent, or (cash) receivables. Income from the
Society’s investment portfolio averaged 7% after fees and
cost were deducted, while the market value of those
investments increased an additional 6%; this is quite an
acceptable return for a conservative portfolio with
requirements for preservation of principal and a high degree
of liquidity. Less than 1% of the Society’s assets are in
property or equipment.
The 1995 yearend figures reflect a healthy start for fiscal
1996, and leave the ISU well positioned for new initiatives
such as the transfer into full-scale electronic publishing
of our sampling journal and a major expansion of the
educational programs of the USNC-ISU-.
B-2
CO9-A Forms
CLNTDATA
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|Date | |Branch |
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|Customer| |Job Site |
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
INVOICING DATA :
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------
------+
|Attention |Address |Phone /
Fax |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------
------+
| | |
|
+----------------+
+-------------+
| | |
|
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------
------+
R
+-------+--------+------+----+----------+----------------
-+
A |Man-Day|Half-Day|Travel| PTT| Analysis | Misc. (Explain)
|
T
+-------+--------+------+----+----------+----------------
-+
E | | | | | |
|
S
+-------+--------+------+----+----------+----------------
-+
EXCHANGE CONTACTS : Are we to exchange? [] Yes [] No

+--------+--------------+------------------------+-------
C
------+
| | Attention | Address |Phone /
Fax |
+--------+--------------+------------------------+-------
------+
|CLIENT | | |
|
+--------+--------------+
+-------------+
| | | |
|
+--------+--------------+------------------------+-------
------+
|REFINER | | |
|
+--------+--------------+
+-------------+
| | | |
|
+--------+--------------+------------------------+-------
------+
|UMPIRE | | |
|
+--------+--------------+
+-------------+
| | | |
|
+--------+--------------+------------------------+-------
------+
Splitting Limits :
+--------+----------+----------+---------+----------+----
------+
|Element | | | | |
|
+--------+----------+----------+---------+----------+----
------+
|PPT | | | | |
|
+--------+----------+----------+---------+----------+----
------+
Special Notes :
Prepared by :
CRITICAL PATH FORM Page 1

A: SETTING UP
1) If new client, complete STANDJOB and CLNTDATA.
2) Complete JOBORDER.
3) Ascertain if client advisement provides sufficient
information;
if not obtain from contact on STANDJOB.
4) Determine if job is to be completed at receiving branch.
a) If yes, copy client advisement, JOBORDER and STANDJOB and
post to job board.
b) If no, forward to assigned branch or lab.
5) Start job file with originals of advisements and JOBORDER.
6) Enter data to Job Number Log and place file in open jobs.
B: ASSIGNING
1) Inspector assigned by manager or designated substitute.

2) Inspector collects:
a) Copy of JOBORDER.
b) Copy of STANDJOB.
c) Copies of client advisement.
d) Appropriate REPFORM.
3) Inspector signs original JOBORDER in file.
C: PERFORMING JOB
1) Complete assignment and REPFORM.

2) Upon return/completion inspector places REPFORM into job
file and puts job file into "to be typed" bin.
3) Dispatch samples, if applicable.
a) Complete applicable CONTROL form.
b) Employee other than writer proof reads and completes form
PROOF.
c) Determine proper shipping method on STANDJOB.
d) Package according to shipping company's instructions.
e) Place copy of CONTROL form into job file.
f) Include original CONTROL form with samples and any other
paperwork noted in Special Instructions on STANDJOB.
D: REPORT
1) Access proper report template in client's computer file.
2) Modify as necessary and complete report.
3) Print draft to plain paper.
4) Employee other than writer proof reads, completes form
PROOF.
5) Correct as needed, using form CAR.
6) Manager or designated substitute reviews and approves.
7) Print to company letterhead and sign.
8) Manager or designated substitute signs.
9) Refer to STANDJOB for faxing and/or mailing instructions.
E: EXCHANGING
1) Determine if IG is performing analysis on JOBORDER.

a) If no, proceed to INVOICING section.
b) If yes, proceed to step #2 of this EXCHANGING section.
2) When received, review IG analytical results for proper
content as required on forms STANDJOB and/or CLNTDATA.
3) Determine if IG is authorized to exchange on CLNTDATA.
a) If no, communicate results to client or their designated
representative as instructed on CLNTDATA and proceed to step
#1 of INVOICING section.
b) If yes, proceed to step #4 of this EXCHANGING section.
4) Communicate results to client or their rep. as instructed
on CLNTDATA. Determine if he/she wishes to proceed with
exchange.
a) If yes, proceed to step #5 of this EXCHANGING section.
b) If no, follow further instructions from client and re-do
step #4 of this EXCHANGING section.
5) Exchange results with second party as instructed on
CLNTDATA.
6) Determine if results are within splitting limits on
CLNTDATA.
a) If yes, proceed to step #8 of this EXCHANGING section.
b) If no, continue to step #7.
7) Communicate results to client or designated rep. per
CLNTDATA, obtaining permission to proceed with exchange
or go to umpire.
a) If proceed, go to step #8 of this EXCHANGING section.
b) If go to umpire, notify appropriate contact per CLNTDATA.
8) Calculate mean of IG results and second party's, along with
umpire results (if any) and complete Certificate of Exchange.
PROOF.
11) Manager or designated substitute reviews, approves and
signs.
12) Refer to CLNTDATA for faxing and/or mailing instructions.
Continued...
F: INVOICING / FINAL CHECK
1) Determine to which cost center the billing is to be applied.

2) Review the entire job file and secure the following data
from STANDJOB and CLNTDATA.
a) Report, complete and proof read.
b) If applicable, analysis complete and reported.
c) Duration of job (unless flat rate quoted).
d) Postage and/or shipping costs.
e) Analysis charges.
f) Commodity code.
g) Client ID number.
h) Correct client contact name and address.
i) Client's reference number(s).
j) Job number.
3) Access proper invoice template in computer.
4) Modify as necessary and complete.
5) Print on appropriate cost center's invoice.
PROOF.
8) Manager or designated substitute reviews and approves.
9) Remove green copy of invoice for corporate office.
10) Remove cost center copy and place in job file.
11) Copy report (and certificate, if applicable) for job file.
12) Mail or fax originals of invoice, report and
certificate, if applicable as instructed on CLNTDATA.
13) File job folder in proper client's section in
chronological
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--_----+------+
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+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+----+ |
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+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--_----+------+
JOBORDER
+----------+--------------------+-----------+------------
-------+
|Date Rec'd| |Customer |
|
+----------+--------------------+-----------+------------
-------+
|Job # | |Branch |
|
+----------+--------------------+-----------+------------
-------+
|Rep. Name | |Rep Phone# |
|
+----------+--------------------+-----------+------------
-------+
+----------+--------------------+
|Job Site | | or [] See Attached
+----------+--------------------+
|Site Ref# | | or [] See Attached
+----------+--------------------+
|ETA | | or [] See Attached
+----------+--------------------+
|UN # | | or [] See Attached
+----------+--------------------+
|Commodity | | or [] See Attached
+----------+--------------------+
Special Instructions :
Rep Form(s) Required: [] Weigh In [] Bulk Samp []
Incineration
[] Mill [] Blend [] Melt
TIMELOG:
+--------+-------------+---------+
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| Date | Time IN and | Rep. |
++----------------------++
| of Job | Time OUT | Initials| +| FOR OFFICE USE
ONLY! |+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
| | - | | +| Mandays :
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
| | - | | +| Travel :
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
| | - | | +| PTT :
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
| | - | | +| Misc
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+ +| (Specify):
|+
| | - | | +|
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+ +|
|+
| | - | | +|
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
| | - | | +| TOTAL :
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
| | - | | +| Approved By :
|+
+--------+-------------+---------+
++----------------------++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOMINATION CHECK LIST
Date :
Branch :
=========================================================
=========
CLIENT INFORMATION
Company :
Address :
City :
State/Country :
Zip :
Client Name :
Phone :
Fax :
E-Mail :
=========================================================
==========
JOB INFORMATION
Our Job No. :
Reference (Vessel) :
Location / Plant :
ETA / Scheduled Start :
Client Re or PO :
Quantity :
Commodity :
Load/Discharge/Other :
=========================================================
========== SERVICES REQUESTED
Service #1 :
Service #2 :
Service #3 :
Analysis :
Remarks :
=========================================================
==========
CONTACTS
Name : Name :
Company : Company :
Phone : Phone :
Fax : Fax :
---------------------------------------------------------
----------
Name : Name :
Company : Company :
Phone : Phone :
Fax : Fax :
=========================================================
==========
INVOICING
Service/Rates :
Service/Rates :
Service/Rates :
Analysis/Fees :
Remarks :
=========================================================
==========
OTHER REMARKS :
CRITICAL PATH FORM CHECKLIST
Note : Refer to form CRITPATH for details.

Required Completed
A: SETTING UP
1) Forms STANDJOB and CLNTDATA complete.
2) Form JOBORDER complete and on file.
3) Client advisements sufficient.
4) Post or forward to proper branch.
5) Job Number assigned and Job file begun.
6) Log data and place file into Open Jobs.
B: ASSIGNING
1) Inspector assigned secures:
Copy of JOBORDER.
Copy of STANDJOB.
Copies of client advisements.
REPFORM(S) as listed on JOBORDER.
2) Inspector's signature on original JOBORDER.
C: PERFORMING JOB
1) Assignment complete.
2) Completed REPFORM(S) to Job file.
3) Samples dispatched properly.
D: REPORT
1) Report completed and printed.
2) Proof read and form PROOF completed.
3) Dispatched as per STANDJOB.
E: EXCHANGING
1) Results received and reviewed.
2) Results to client contact as per CLNTDATA.
3) Exchanged as per CLNTDATA.
4) Certificate completed, printed, proof read
and form PROOF completed.
5) Dispatched as per CLNTDATA.
F: INVOICING / FINAL CHECK
1) Secure and review the following :
Report.
Analysis results.
Quoted rate and job duration info.
Postage or shipping charges.
Analysis charges.
Commodity code.
Client address and ID number.
Job number.
Client reference number.
2) Invoice completed, printed, proof read and
form PROOF completed.
3) Copies dispatched as per CLNTDATA.
PROOF
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|Date | |Job Number|
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|Customer| |Form Type |
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
Proof Read By :
(Complete above and attach to proper form into Client Job

file.)
PROOF
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
Proof Read By :
(Complete above and attach to proper form into Client Job

file.)
PROOF
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
|
+--------+--------------------+----------+---------------
------+
Proof Read By :
(Complete above and attach to
Note to all Samplers: Before starting any job, it is

imperative that all client advisements be obtained and
reviewed. The client's file must be checked for specific
instructions and/or requirements. This is to be considered
company policy.
BLENDING (Page 1 of 2)
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
| Date | |Start Time| |End Time |
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
| Customer | |Cust Ref# | |Job No. |
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
| Job Site | |Site Ref# | |Commodity|
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
|Blender Make | Model | Type | Capacity
|
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
Fines Weight to Blend :
AFTER BLEND WEIGHTS (UOM )

+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
| ID | Gross | Tare | Net | Seal# |
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+-------+
|TOTL| | | |
+----+--------+-------+-------+
Container type and count :
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Net Wet Drum Weight :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Less H20 @ % :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Net Dry Drum Weight :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Total Samples & Excess :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Total Dry Weight :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Less Client Sample(s) :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Net Dry Settlement :
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
Moisture Calculation (Make/model of oven, duration, weights)

:
BLENDING (Page 2 of 2)
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
Final Sampling (Method of grinding, mesh size, oversize?,

etc.) :
SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION (MANDATORY)
+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+----
------+
| CUST1 | CUST2 | UMPIRE | RESERV | REFINR | EXCESS | TOTAL
|
+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+----
------+
| | | | | | |
|
+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+----
------+
Sample shipping method :

Posted to :
Date of shipping :
Tracking number :
Special Comments/Calculations :
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
|Inspector's Signature|
|
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
Note to all inspectors : Before starting any job, it is

imperative that all client
advisements be obtained and reviewed. The client's file must
be checked for specific
company policy.
BULK SAMPLING
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Sampler/Method : (Note makes, models, details, etc.)
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
Weight to Sample :
Fraction Fraction
Fraction
UOM UOM UOM
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
| Gross | Tare | Net | | Gross | Tare | Net | | Gross |
Tare | Net |
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
+----------------------+
| TOTALS | | TOTALS | |
TOTALS |
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+----------------------+
| TOTAL RECOVERED |
+-------+------+-------+
| | | | = % Bulk Samplng
Recovery
+-------+------+-------+
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
|
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
company policy.
INCINERATION
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Incinerator: (Note make, model, fuel-type, etc)
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
START WEIGHTS (UOM ) AFTER BURN WEIGHTS (UOM )
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
| ID | Gross | Tare | Net | | ID | Gross | Tare | Net
|
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
| | | | | | | | |
|
|TOTL| | | | |TOTL| | |
|
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----------------------+
| TOTAL RECOVERED |
+-------+------+-------+
| | | | = % Burn Recovery
+-------+------+-------+
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
|
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
company policy.
MELTING
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
|Furnace Make | Model | Type | Capacity
|
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
Weight to Melt :
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| Melt Number : | | Melt Number :
|
| Bar Range : | | Bar Range :
|
| Charge Weight : | | Charge Weight :
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| CAST BARS : | | CAST BARS :
|
| Samps & Excess : | +----+| Samps & Excess :
| +----+
| Total Metal Wt : |=| || Total Metal Wt :
|=| |
| Less Cust Samp : | +----+| Less Cust Samp :
| +----+
| Net Settlement : | | Net Settlement :
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| Slag Weight : | | Slag Weight :
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| Melt Number : | | Melt Number :
|
| Bar Range : | | Bar Range :
|
| Charge Weight : | | Charge Weight :
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| CAST BARS : | | CAST BARS :
|
| Samps & Excess : | +----+| Samps & Excess :
| +----+
| Total Metal Wt : |=| || Total Metal Wt :
|=| |
| Less Cust Samp : | +----+| Less Cust Samp :
| +----+
| Net Settlement : | | Net Settlement :
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| Slag Weight : | | Slag Weight :
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+
| Slag Container Seal : | | TOTAL IN WEIGHT:
|
+-----------------------------+
+-----------------------------+------+
NOTE : SETTLEMENT WEIGHTS | TOTAL METAL WT.:
= |
MUST BE CONFIRMED WITH
+-----------------------------+------+
REFINERY PERSONNEL!! | TOTAL SETTLE :
|
+-----------------------------+
SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION (MANDATORY)
+------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+------
--+----------+
| MELT#| CUST1 | CUST2 | UMPIRE | RESERV | REFINR | EXCESS
| TOTAL |
+------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+------
--+----------+
+------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+------
--+----------+
+------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+------
--+----------+
+------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+------
--+----------+
+------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+------
--+----------+
Sample shipping method :
Posted to :
Date of shipping :
Tracking number :
OBSERVATIONS (Sampling method, color and amount of fuming,

flaking, etc.):
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
|
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
Please use the reverse for notes, calculations, melt
structure (which bars went
company policy.
MILLING/SCREENING
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Mill/Screener: (Note makes, models, size, mesh size, etc.)
|
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
Weight to Mill/Screen :
Mesh Mesh Mesh

UOM UOM UOM
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
| Gross | Tare | Net | | Gross | Tare | Net ýÿÿÿ__ _
_
_
_
_
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
+----------------------+
| TOTALS | | TOTALS | |
TOTALS |
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
+-------+------+-------+ +-------+------+-------+
+-------+------+-------+
+----------------------+
| TOTAL RECOVERED |
+-------+------+-------+
| | | | = % Mill/Screen
Recovery
+-------+------+-------+
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
|
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+

company policy.
WEIGH IN
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
|
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+
-----------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
| Containers : (Note type, number, size, markings, seals,
etc.) |
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------
-------+
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
|Scale Make/Model | Capacity | Increments | Test Weight
Amt. |
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
+------------------+------------+------------+-----------
-------+
ACTUAL WEIGHTS (UOM ) ADVISED WEIGHTS (UOM )

+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
| ID | Gross | Tare | Net | | ID | Gross | Tare |
Net |
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
| | | | | | | |
| |
|TOTL| | | | |TOTL| |
| |
+----+--------+-------+--------+
+----+--------+-------+--------+
Total Actual Wt. vs. Total Advised Wt. = % Received
Material Description (Color, size, magnetics, impurities,

etc.) :
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
|
+---------------------+----------------------------------
-------+
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--_-----+-----+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--+-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--
+--+--+--+--_-----+-----+
STANDJOB
+--------+---------------------+----------+--------------
-------+
|Date | |Branch |
|
+--------+---------------------+----------+--------------
-------+
|Customer| |Job Site |
|
+--------+---------------------+----------+--------------
-------+
Obtain Advisements : [] @ Site [] @ Office
+--------------+--------------+---------------+----------
-------+
|Client Contact|Title |Phone # |Fax #
|
+--------------+--------------+---------------+----------
-------+
| | | |
|
+--------------+--------------+---------------+----------
-------+
| | | |
|
+--------------+--------------+---------------+----------
-------+
SAMPLE DISPATCH :
+-+--------------+--------------+------------------------
-------+
|#|Company |Attention |Address
|
+-+--------------+--------------+------------------------
-------+
|1| | |
|
+-+--------------+--------------+
|
|Method: |
|
+-+--------------+--------------+------------------------
-------+
|2| | |
|
+-+--------------+--------------+
|
|Method: |
|
+-+--------------+--------------+------------------------
-------+
|3| | |
|
+-+--------------+--------------+
|
|Method: |
|
+-------------------------------+------------------------
-------+
+--------------+------+------+---------------------------
-------+
| # of Samples | Type | Size | Analysis Instructions
|
+--------------+------+------+---------------------------
-------+
| | | |
|
+--------------+------+------+---------------------------
-------+
Safety Requirements : [] MSDS [] Glasses [] Steel Toes
[] Respirator [] Other
Rep Form(s) Required: [] Weigh In [] Bulk Samp []
Incineration
[] Mill [] Blend [] Melt
Special Notes :
Prepared by :
-+--------------+---------------+-----------------+

Commodity Sampler&#39;s Handbook

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| |

United States v.1-3-93

Philosophy and History.........................1

The Chairman’s Eyes...... .....................5

SACS Certification Program for PM'S............6

Call for Papers................................8

International Weights and Measures.............9

Unified Conversion Factors...............10 1-22

Hazardous Chemicals Program...................11

Sub Contractors. ...... . ..................11-7

OSHA Final Rule............................11-10

Spanish / English Greetings...................15

Independent Contractor/IRS Classification.....17

SACS Canon of Ethics...........................A

ISU Fiscal Report..............................B

SOCIETY OF ACCREDITED COMMODITY SAMPLERS

We are pleased to announce the formulation of a reference -

The dream of The Society Of Accredited Commodity Samplers,

We are undertaking a campaign which will make people aware

Again, if you know anyone who might have any information

For mailing purposes only:

RHO Museum and Library

James P Roberge CSA

The intent of SACS is to improve the professionalism shown in the everyday

James Roberge ACI, G.G., S.I.T., CSA

Sampling, is defined as the operation of removing a

Less than five 5 years experience in their chosen

 REPRESENTATIVE (REP)- A person who accompanies and or

More than five 5 years experience in their chosen

 SAMPLING REPRESENTATIVE (SR)-A person who at one time

 COMMODITY SAMPLER(CS)-One who personally separates and

 COMMODITY SAMPLER ANALYST (CSA)-One who is trained in a

In the Precious Metals Industry:

SAMPLING REPRESENTATTIVE (SR). Once a commodity is delivered to a gold

Usually 3 or 4 samples are dispersed.

Shipper Receiver Reserve Umpire

Each entity then sends their sample to a different laboratory

COMMODITY SAMPLER ANALYST (CSA). Samplers may just observe

The system which is currently being used is the MSTC. MSTC

Total impurities consist of # 1, #3, and #4 < 1.5%. Density

Active Members - Shall be restricted to active or retired samplers who spend

Associate Membership - Shall be restricted to active or retired persons other

Life Membership - Shall be conferred upon Active and Associate members

Honorary Membership – Shall be conferred only upon persons from the

SOCIETY OF ACCREDITED COMMODITY SAMPLERS

Name Date of Birth

Spouse Name Home Tel.

FAX Pager Number

SACS is dedicated to self improvement of its members. This is a voluntary

Membership is based on your commitment, work ethic, enthusiasm,

A more detailed life experience form will be forwarded in approximately 30

The basic qualifications for membership are a record of

1. Ph.D. or equivalent advanced degree, received no later than

2 Authorship or principal co-authorship of at least two

3. The ISU stipulates that candidates must exhibit a "Desire

Please check all the boxes below where

□ Applying only for an Invitation to the Congress.

□ Have had your Ph.D. since 1991.

□ Have authored or been the principal co-author of at

□ Are a member of the Society of Accredited Commodity

1. Full Name Citizenship

2. Date and place of birth

3. Residency status, if not a citizen

5. Telephone FAX E-Mail

Commodity Sampler's Handbook

Commodity Sampler's Handbook

DDT dichlorodiphenyl- (C6H)CL2CH*CCL3