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Book IL

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VIRGIL.

(Raphael.)

W.

5. <3agc

S.

Co/s Ibigb Scbool Glassics.

VIRGIL'S
BUOK
WITH
Infroductioii,

AENEID
II.

^otes,

and

Vocahulary

BY
J.

C.

ROBERTSON,

B.A.',

Lecturer

in Gre^ek,

Victoria University, Toronto.

XOTE To Teaciier The

present edition has been issued with

pupils.

wide margins for additional notes by

W.

J.

GAGE

& CO. LiMiTED TOROXTO.

N.

^/\

/^iX

Entered

accordiiifr to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the (Ittice of the Ministor of Atfricultiire, by W. J. G.\GE & Co., inthe year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-two.

PREFACE.
This
edition of

Virgil

is

intended for students of Latin

preparing for Junior Leaving and University Matriculation

examinations, to almost all of
be the
iirst

whom

this portion of Yirgil will

Latin poetry ever read. For this reason many things have been omitted that are commonly found in annotated texts, such as parallel passages, Greek quotations, discussions of various readings or of other intricatec;?sticns, and subtleties of interpretation vvhich are beyond the pupil's grasp. For the same reason a considerable degree of immaturity is
often presupposed in the reader of the notes

and introduction. Throughout, the degree of acquaintance with Latin likely to have been gained from reading two books of Csesar has been
kept in \dew.
Believing that the average student in our High Schools has but a limited appreciation of poetry written in his native
English, and that the difficulties caused

by the foreign mediuni

even that moderate

will to the beginner in Virgil prevent

degree of sesthetic appreciation possible in the case of English

poetry, the editor has endeavored chiefly to help the pupil to a
clear vmderstanding of the poefs meaning, leaving appreciation or

enjoyment

of the beauties of the

poem

to come, as

alone they wili, with increasing acquaintance with Latin.

And

here interest in the story of the Aeneid must not be confounded with enjoj-ment of VirgiFs poetry. The latter is the
privilege of the few
;

the former

is

possible to

any one who

can read English.

iv
It

PRKFACE.
V
is
il

tions

of this,
it

bo noticea that less help than is usual in simila. edigiven in tho way of translation of passages. Instead special care has been taken with tlio vocabulary, that

may

be not niorely complete and accurate, but such as to

enable the student to render his author neatly and with suitThat the Vocabulary covers six books of the able diction.

Aeneid will be
ing

of

taste in selectiiig tlie right

advantage in developing the pupirs skill and meaning of words, without hamperfrom Pinelli's designs, and clearness to the

him with

too large a choice.

The

illustrations, ivhich are adaptod

will aid materxally in giving vividness

pupil's conceptions.
If errors or

misprints have eluded observation, the editor

will value

more highly the kindness which points them out

than the indulgence whicn ovei-looks them.

TorcaTO, Julv

13,

1893.

mTRODUCTIOK
I. II. III. IV. V.

The The The The ThE

Story OF THB SiECtE of Troy Story of the Aeneid. Life of VirCtIL. Aexeid OF ViRCtIL. MeTRE OF THE AEXFin.

L THE STORY
LONG
it is

OF THE SIEGE OF TROY.

when Saul Tvas king over IsrgpL war as waged, in which the Greeks Ti'oy was situated in the sought to take the city of Troy. north-westem comer of Asia Minor, at the foot of Mount Ida, and was inhabited by a people connected -with the Phr^-gians
ago, before the time
said that a ten year's
of

Asia Minor, under the rule of a family of kings deseended from Teucer. Those who came again?*-. +hem, lived in Greece, one of the sunniest and most pleasant parts of the world, including with the mami^id all the islands both to the east the Trojans seem to have and to the west. The Gresks been very much alike in most ways. Their armor and method of warfare were alike, they seemed to be able at all times to understand each other's speech, and their manners, customs, and religion are represented as being in most points identical. Oue of the most important things about the Greeks and Trojans, and perhaps to os the strangest, was their belief in

^d

VI
the niany
ft'xls

INTRODUCTION.

whoni thoy worshipped, and as those Gre^k the story of the Trojan war beheved in the same godsj we naturally hear a great deal Briefly these about them in such a poem as the Aeneid. people believed that there were many gods, with different degrees of power and glory, dwelling in the heavens or in the awful realms of the dead beneath the earth, and that all over the world were countless divine beings, river-gods, sea-gods, nj-mphs of the sea, the forest, and the fountains, and guardian spirits of the hearth and household. * These creations of their fancy were almost always gifted with grace and beauty, and though they had nmch the same w-ays, feelings and passions as mankind, were looked upon with loving reverence. Only a few awful spirits such as the Furies were supposed to exist, and as a whole, to this brave, simple, noble but passionate race of Greeks, tbe world was a great fairy-abode, and almost all the stories of those early days read more like fairy tales than like narratives of real events. For these gods were supposed.by them to be continually mingling with mankind, interesting themselves in human affairs, appearing on earth cften in disguise, and sometimes even marrying with some

and

Koman vnters who have told

favored mortal.
It

lived

was in many ways a surprisingly simple life that was by the ancient Greeks of the Homeric times. As Kings' ' '

Greek Heroes, they were * a country people, and walled villages, in a simple hard-working way so that the greatest kings and heroes cooked their own meals and thought it no shame, and made their cwn ships and weapons, and fed and harnessed their own horses and the
ley tells us in his
living in farms
; ;

Chlef among these were Jupiter or Jove, the lord of Heaven, Juno hls wlfe, Neptune, the god of the sea, Apollo the suu-god, Venua, the goddess of love and beauty, Mars the god of war, Pallas or Minerva the
goddess of wisdom and of war, Vulcant\i& tire-god, Ptwio the godof the lower world, Diana the godaess of tlie moon and of hunting, Oeres the goddess of agriculture, aud Vesta tlie goddess of tlie hearth.

INTRODUCTION.
queens worked with their maid-servants and did

'

VU

all the ]?usi-

ness of the house, and spun and wove and emhroiuered, and
their hushand's clothes and, thfiir own. So that a man was honored among them, not because he happened to be rich, but according to his skill and his strength and courage and the number o things he could do. Fpr they were but grown-up children. " Each king or prince ruled over a small territory

made

a few square miles, with probably but one city or walled it they owed no allegiance to any other king, and were in most cases great warriors, even more than prudent counsellors. Their subjects were partly nobles having nearlj^
of

town in

same rank and power as the king, and partly the common whom we hear but little. Troy was one of the greatest of the oities of thosedays,* and when the city walls were built, in Laomedon's reign, two of the gods, Apollo and Neptune, aided in the work, though Laomedon eamed their ill-will by cheating them o the reward offered for their service. It was in the i-eign of Priam that ruin fell upon the kingdom of Troy. He lived with Hecuba,
the

people of

* The following table gives the lineage of the klngs of Troy and of Aeneas. The kings' names are in capitals. From leucer, Dardanus, Tros, and Ilus, came different names for the Trojans or for Troy

TEUCER
Batea = DAKDANLS
1

ERICTHONIUS
I

TROS
\

Ganymedes

ilus

Assaracus

LAOMEDON.
I

Themls=Capy3
I

PRIAM
Hector. Paris. Helenus. Deiphobus. Troilus. Creusa

Anchises=Venu3

.iEneas.

Ascanius
or lulos.

Vlll

INTn<^)l)lICTION.

Avife, in great s])loiidor, and liis inany sons and danghters were growing up ar und him, nntil at the tinie of tho hirth of ono of them, afterwards known as Paris, his mother dreamed that it was a firebrand that was horn, which would destroy the city. So the child was caat forth on the slopes of Mount Ida and was there found and reared by a shepherd. As he grcAv up he became very beautiful, though rather effeminate, and was at last recognized and reinstated in his rights as the

his

king's son.

But
pened.

before this last event, a very strange thing

had haptlie

At a

certain wedding feast, at which most of

gods

and goddesses were present, one who had not been invited, the goddess of Discord, avenged the slight by sending a golden apple inscribed " To the Fairest. " Three goddesses claimed

The decision was referred to on Mount Ida. To win his verdict, Juno promised him power, Minerva wisdom, and Venus the fairest woman in Greece as his wifa Paris awarded tho apple to Venus and not long after went to Greece. There he fell in love with the most beautiful woman of those days, Helen the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta. Her beauty had caused many princes to sue for her hand in marriage, and before a choice was made they had all swom to avenge any wrongever done her. So now when Paris induced her to flee with him to Troy, Menelaus had no difficulty in getting a large number of kings with their warriors to assist hiin in recovering Helen and punishing Paris. Under the leadership of Agamemnon, brother of Menelaus and king of Mj^cenae, a fleet of nearly twelve hundred ships set sail from Greece against Troy. The most famous among the Greeks, besides Agamemnon and Menelaus, were Achilles the grandest warrior of the age, Ulysses who, while a great warrior, was specially noted for his shrewdness, Diomedes and Ajax. For nine long years the siege went on. Many cities in Asia sent forces to Troy to aid Priam, whose best warriors were his
it,

Juno, Minerva and Venus.

Paris, then a shepherd

INTRODUCnON.
sou Hector, and Aeneas,

IX

tlie latter being the son of Venusand a Trojan prince, Anchises. The Greeks did not surround the city, but encamjDed on the shore near their ships and many battles took place on the plain before Troy. In these nine

years the Greeks succeeded in driving the Trojans within the walls and in gaining the surrounding towns. In the tenth

Agamemnon and Achilles, and for a time, while Achilles held aloof from fighting, the Trojans had the better of it. But at last they slew his dearest friend, Patroclus, and urged by his grief and anger he retumed to the battle and slew Hector, the bulwark of the Trojans. Soon Achilles himself was slain by Paris, and his son Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus was brought to the scene of war. But when nothing seemed to bring them success, the Greeks tried stratagem, and pretended to sail away homewards, leaving a huge wooden horse as an offering to Minerva. This the Trojans drew rejoicing within their walls, but within it were concealed many of the bravest Greeks who issued from the horse by night, seized the gates and aided by the other Greeks, who had retumed in the fleet, took the city and destroyed it. In this war the gods took part, some, like Juno, Neptune, Pallas and Apollo, favoring the Greeks, others, like Venus and Mars, aiding Troy, though the latter were unable to prevail over the destiny decreed by fate for Priam and his city. Aeneas escaped from the buming town and with some followers sailed away under the special jjrotection of his mother Venus, to found a new city. After many disappointments and wonderful adventures he landed in Italy, and from the
year a notable quarrel arose between
settlement he planted there grew the great city of Rome, that
in Virgils

world.
of the

day had become the mistress of the whole civilized Aeneas' adventures and experiences form the subject
called the Aeneid.

poem

INTRODUCTION

JL THE STORY OF THB AENEID.

Troy fell, and wandering over the seas, pursued by the unrelenting hate of Juno (who had been foremost in compassing the destruction of Troy), so that he has not j-et been able to found the city from which imperial Eome was to spring. As Aeneas is sailing from Sicily, .Tuno induces Aeolus, god of the winds, to raise a storm which scatters the fleet and drives some of them ashore. But Neptune, the lord of the sea, rebukes the winds and quells the storm, and Aoneas with seven of his ships lands on the coast of Africa. Venus, the mother of Aeneas, complains to Jupiter that the destiny decreed for Aeneas is being thwarted by Juno, but her anxiety is dispelled by his promise that in due time a kingdom shall be founded in Italy, which shall grow into the worldM-ide empire of the Csesars. Mercury is sent to ensure Aeneas' welcome by the people of Carthage, near which city he has
iJOOK
1.

It

is

now

the seveiith year since

Aeneas with

his

tody

of exiles is still

landed.

Aeneas starts out to explore the country and meets Venus a huntress, who tells him of Carthage, and its recent founding by Queen Dido and a band of fugitives from T^^re. Then bidding hini go to the city, she leaves him, revealing her godhead as she vanishes. Aeneas, invisible in a cloud, enters the city, sees with envy the people busily raising their new home, and finds that the crews of his other vessels have been saved and brought to Carthage before the Queen. Wheu Dido extends a gracious welcome to these shipwi-ecked Trojans, the cloud falls from Aeneas, who greets his friends and reveals himself to Dido. Venus is anxious that Dido shall learn to love Aeneas, that he may be safe from harm in this city, which was sacred to Juno so when Aeneas sends to the fleet for his young son
in the disguise of
;

INTRODPCnON.

Ascanius (or Iulus), she substitutes her son Cupid, and 'bids him inspire Dido with love for Aeneas. That evening a banquet is given in Aeneas' nonor, the false Ascanius is there and kindles a flame of love in Dido'5 heart as she converses with Aeneas. Finally she asks her guest to tell her the story of his country's fall and his long wanderings. BooK IL Aeneas begins his story of Troy's sad overthrow. The Greeks. wearied by the long war, build a monstrous horse, under Pallas' guidance, and spread the report that they are going home. When they have sailed away the Trojans issue forth, inspect the deserted camp, and debate whether to destroy the horse or bring it into the city.

At this moment a Greek, Sinon, is brought in. He has purposely remained behind that he may be captured and by his artful story induce the Trojans to admit the horse.
winning their sympathy and confidence by telling treatment by Ulysses and the Greeks, he is asked the meaning of the huge wooden horsa He tells them itis an offering to Minerva, and made so large that it may not
After
of his cruel

be taken within the city walls ; prophecy that Troy will in her
destroy
it.

for.

if it

enter, there is a

tum

invade Greece and

appears.

He has barely finished when a terrible portent Two monstrous serpents come towards them over
make for Laocoon, the
priest

the sea,

who had

advised the destruction

of the horse and had hurled his spear at it, and after destroying him with his two sons, take refuge in the templeof Pallas. Believing the will of the gods to be revealed by this omen, the Trojans make a breach in the city walls and with rejoicings bring in the fatal horse. At.uight the Greeks, who had sailed but a short distance,

retum
of

Sinon opens the wooden horse and a number to Troy. Greek warriors pour forth, who slay the sentinels at tiia gates, and admit their friends from the fleet

XI 1

INTROnnCTION.

In a vision Hector appears to Aeneas, tells him that Troy bids him flee and entrusts the gods of Troy to his cara Aeneas awaking fincls the city in flanies and mshes forth, Bnt his efforts joined by other Trojans, to oppose the Greeks. are in vain, his followers are killed and Aeneas sees king Priam
is lost,

slain
foe.

and

his palace

and the

vvhole citadel in possession of the

His goddess mother now appears and bids him rescue his His father Anchises is at first iinwilling to flee, but is overcome by omens that betoken divine guidance and protection. Aeneas sets out bearing his aged fatlier and the His gods of Troy and leading his little son by the hand. When they wife Creusa follows but in the confusion is lost. have reached a place of safety outside the city walls, Aeneas
ouTi family.

discovering her loss retuins to the city in search of her.

finds the

He

Greeks everywhere victorious, but there is no trace Suddenly her shade appears to him, to tell him of Creusa. that she has been saved from captivity bj^ death. She bids him escape, and he returns to his friends, whom he finds joined by many more Trojans. With these at dawn he makes his
build a fleet and cross over Thrace where they proceed to found a city. But as Aeneas is gathering boughs for a sacrifice, drops of blood trickle from them and a voice tells him he is by the grave of PoU^dorus, a son of Priam, who had been sent with much treasure for safety to the Thracians, and had been murdered by them. Leaving this polluted spot they sail to Delos where the
to

way to the mountains near Troy. BOOK III. The Trojan fugitives

oracle bids

them seek

their ancient mother-city.

Anchises

from which their ancestor Teucer had come, and to Crete they steer. But scarcely have they begun to build a city, when a pestilence breaks out. In a vision the gods of his ancestors appear to Aeneas, and tell him that it is another land in the west, called Italy, which he must seek from which Dardanus had come in ancient times.
says this
is Crete,

INTRODUCTION.

Xlll

\Vhen the Greeks again set out a stoma drives them tq the These seize upon the viands of the Trojans, who in vain strive to slay them. Then the Harpy Celaeno pronounces a curse ujDon them, declaring they shall not found tbeir city tUl hunger Leaving this spot they sail drives them to eat their tables. among the islands west of Greece to Epirus. Here they visit Helenus, son of Priam, who has man-ied Hector"s widow Andromache and is reigning over the kingdom of Pyrrhus. Helenus, who is a famous soothsayer, gives him instructions as to his voyages and Aeneas and his band reluctantly leave their country-men and sail to Sic^ly. As they sail along the coast they find a Greek who had been left on shore by Ulysses near the giant Cyclops' cava With difficulty they rescue him and coast along to Drepanum. Here Anchises dies, and is buried, and as the Trojans are sailing from Sicil^- thej' are overtaken by a storm which drives ihem to Carthe.g& Such is Aeneas' story.
islands where the foul monsters, the Harpies, live,
for Aeneas has grown apace. Her she reveals it, encourages her in the hope of a union between the Trojans and Carthaginians, and advises her to delay Aeneas' departure as long as she can. juno, wtio Avould do anj-thing to prevent the destined city in Italy from being founded, proposes to Venus that a marriage be brought about between the t%vo, and Venus pretends to assent. A hunting party sets out the next daj^, and a storm arising,
sister

BooK IV. Dido's love

Anna,
to

Khom

the

the

company scatter same cave, and

for shelter.

Aeneas and Dido meet in

there reveal their love for each other.

Dido now openly shows her love for Aeneas, and regards the marriage as already certain. But larbas, a prince of Libya and a rejected sultor of Dido's, hearing the tale. prays to Jupiter for vengeance. Jupiter sends down Mercury who warns Aeneas that he must not linger at Carthage, and charges him to set sail at once. Aeneas canuot but obey the diviue conunand and prepares or

XlV
his departure.
,

INTRODirCTTON.

As soon

as Dido learns of his intention, she is

beside herself reproaches

for his faithlessness and implores her it is Heaven's will that he must go and Dido, in an outburst of passion, heaps reproaches and curses upon him. Afterwards as he continues his preparations

him

him not

to go.

He

tells

she has her sister

pose,

Anna

see

Aeneas and try to change his pur-

but in vain. At last she resolves upon suicide, and has a funeral pile built, on which, as she says, to bum all the gifts and relics of Aeneas. During the night Mercury again appears to Aeneas and bids him fly at once. He sets out, and at dawn Dido sees She gives herself up to rage and the fleet sailing away. despair, then ascends the funeral pile, and slays herself with
Aeneas' sword.
Dido's funeral
sees from his ship t|ie distant gleam of and though he does not know its cause is troubled at heart. A storm comes on and Aeneas turns aside to Sicily where he is kindly received by Acestes, a distant kinsman, now ruling over the place where Anchises is buried. Aeneas offers sacrifice at his father's tomb, and nine days after holds funeral games on the shore. The boat race is succeeded by a foot race, a boxing match, and a contest at archery. The Trojan game, as it was called, which came next, a mimic war waged by two bodies of cavalry, For Juno has is interrupted by news that the fleet is on fire. sent down Iris to the Trojan women, who are left with the Iris ships, and are growing weary of their wanderings. The excites the women to frenzy and they fire the ships. Trojans rush to save them but the fire has taken too deep a Aeneas prays to Jupiter for aid and a great rain-storm hold.

BoOK

V.

Aeneas
fire,

is

sent that saves all the sliips but four. Anchises' shade appears by night to Aeneas and counsels hJTn to seek the advice of the holy Sibyl in Italy. Aeneas
builds a city

where he leaves the

womeu and

the aged, and

sets sail for Italy.

INTRODUCTION.

XV

Venus seeks and is promised the protection of Neptune lor her son, but one condition is imposed, that one life shall be lost. And so that night while the fieet is going quickly on its
way, the god of sleep descends, puts Palinurus, Aeneas'
to sleep
pilot,

and hurls him into the sea. BoOK VI. Aeneas lands at Cumae in Italy, and visits the Sibyl, the priestess of Apollo. Aeneas offers his vows to the god who through the Sibyl prophesies fresh dangers in Italy, but a successful issue. He then asks how he may descend to the lower world where dwell the dead, to see his father. The priestess gives him instructions, and after the funeral rites are

paid to Misenus, one of Aeneas' followers Avho has just died, he

sets out, attended

by the

Sibyl,

through the cavern where lay

the entrance to Hades.

Here on their way they behold many monsters and terrible and come to the river over which the souls of the dead are ferried by the boatman Charon. On the banks they see wandering the unburied dead, unable to cross for a hundred
spirits,

They cross the Styx, pacify the three-headed Cerberus guarding the entrance, and pass through the regions where dwell the shades of infants, the falsely condemned, suicides, and those who have died for love. Here Dido is met, but she disdains to look at Aeneas. Then they come to the fields where warriors dwell, among them many of the heroes who Tartarus, where the guilty dead are punfought at Troy. ished, is next reached. Soon they come to the abode of the blessed, where dwell the pure priests, and poets, those who fell fighting for their country, and all who have brought beauty or good to mankind. Here Anchises is found, surveying countless nations, souls who have once lived on earth and after a long period of purification are to be born again. There Aeneas sees the long line of men who were to be famous in Alba and in E.ome, and after Anchises has told him of the wars he must himself wage, he retums to earth through the gate of dreams. Returning to his f -mrades, he sets sail, coasting northward.
years.

XVI

INTRODUCTION.
VII.

BooK

The

story of the settlenient in Italy.

second part of the Aeneid contains the Aeneas anchors in the Tiber,

near the city of Laurentum where Latinus is reigning. Lavinia, the danghter of Latinus, was wooed by Turnus, a prince of tho Eutulians, but certain omens led Latinus to seek The Trojans, in an unexpected a foreign alliance ff)r her.

way,

fulfil

the

omens that were

to point out to

them

their

embassy is sent to Latinus who graciously receives them. But Juno sends the the Fury AUecto to inflame Amata, the queen, with the other Latin women against the new comers, and to rouse Turnus to war. A quaiTel is soon brought about between Turnus and Aeneas, and Latinusis forcedby Amaia's importunity to allow war to be declared. A great body of Italian allies rallj' to aid
resting place, and proceed to build a city.

An

Tumus.

BOOK VIII. The god of the Tiber river in a vision advises Aeneas to seek aid from Evander, an Arcadian reigning in Italy. Aeneas sails up the river to Evander's city and finds him celebrating the feast of Hercules. Evander tells of Hercules' exploit in slaying themonster Cacus, and points out the various places of interest, places afterwards to be famous
in

Eoman history.

Venus persuades the god Vulcan to make a special suit of armor for Aeneas in his f orge Leneath Mount Aetna. Evander sends a force under his son Pallas, and advises Aeneas to go
for aid to the Etruscans of

Caera

As Aeneas

reaches Caere,

Venus meets him bearing the armor made by Vulcan, including a shield, on which are engraven many of the great events in Eoman history, especially the glorious victory of Augustus
at Actium.

BOOK

IX.

While Aeneas

is

absent,

Tumus
ships,

to attack the camp.

Juno sends Iris to incite Turnus first sets fire to the

which are turned into sea-nymphs, then surrounds the camp. By night Nisus and Euryalus try to reach Aeneas, but are slain by the EutuMans. In the morning the besiegers

INTRODUCTION.

XVll

attack the camp, and after heroic deeds of valor on both sides,
are beaten back.

BoOK X. A council of the gods is held, where Venus and Juno urge their respective sides. Jupiter declares that fate must run its course. Aeneas, while the siege goes vigorously on, is sailing back from Caere, with an Etruscan army. The sea-nymphs who were lately ships meet him and encourage him. Turnus tries to oppose his landing but in vain, and a battle f ollows on the shore in which Pallas is slain by Turnus. Aeneas rushes to avenge his death, but Juno, alarmed for Turuus' safet^-, entices him on board a ship which carries him Mean%\hile the battle centres around the combat of to Ardea. Aeneas with Mezentius, who is saved by the devotion and
death of his son Lausus. BooK XI. Funeral rites follow for the dead on either

side,

and as dissensions have arisen among the Latins, a council is held at which Latinus proposes to come to terms with Aeneas. This proposal Turnus violently opposes. The Trojan forces now appear and fighting is resumed. At last the Rutulians are put to flight and are followed by the Trojans to the walls of Laurentum. BOOK XII. Turnus nows offers to settle the war by single combat with Aeneas, though Latinus is anxious to make After all preparations haye been made, and the fight peace. is about to begin, the nymph Jutuma, Turnus'sister, urgedby Juno, incites the E.utulians to break the truce, and in the fight which foilows Aeneas is wounded, and Tumus regardless of his oath makes great havoc among the Trojans.

Aeneas,

miraculously healed by Venus,

returns to the

Tumus, whose sister, acting as his charioteer, evades the pursuit. The Trojans press the enemy hard, and Laurentum itself is threatened with destruction by fire. Amata commits suicide, and Turnus rushes to the city and
battle, seeking

the single coinbat between Aeneas and Turnus begins. A long and desperate fight ensues, but at length, after Jupiter

XVIU
has reconciled Juno to
his merc3'.

INTRODUCTION.

Tumus
when he

Tumus' defeat, Aeneas has his foe at begs for quarter, and Aeneas is about to
catches sight of the spoils of his young

grant
heart.

it,

friend Pallas,

and in wrath plunges his sword in Turnus^

So ends VirgiFs story. Aeneas after the war marricd Laviand from them was sprung the line of kings who reigned in Alba Longa, as well as Romulus the founder of IJ,om& From his son Ascanius or lulus, by Creusa, was said to be descended the Julian family, who, in the person of the Caesars,
nia,

became the

imijerial rulers of

Rome

in VirgiTs da^-s.

IIL LIFE OF VIRGIL.

Publius Vergilius*
Italy, watered
of this

Maro was born

B.C. 70 at the little vil-

lage of Andes near Mantua, in the great northern plain of

by the river Padus. tlie modern Po. The people country were of Gallic descent aud not close kinsmen of the Eomans or southern Italians, and it was not tiil Virgil was twenty-one years of age that they were made full E.oman citizens. Virgil's father lived on a small farm, but was able to give his son all the advantages of education to be obtainedin those days, perhaps seeing early in his boy some signs of future greatness. Except that Virgil studied in Cremona and Milan and at sixteen was sent to liome to the best teachers This period there, we know jjractically notliing of his youth. fell between the two great civil wars of Rome, and from what we know of VirgiPs nature, the comparative peace of his boyhood and 3'outh was more congenial than the civil wars that raged from his twenty-second to his fortieth year.
*There seems to be no doubt that the eorrect spelling is Vergilius, and scarcely less doubt that to the Englisb reader the poet will always
be VirglL

INTRODUCTION,

XIX

"When in B. C. 41 peace for a time did come, the victo*rious Octavian confiscated large tracts of land in Italy and distributed them among his soldiers. VirgiFs farm (his father being now dead) was thus seized on, but Yirgil had become favorably known to Asinius Pollio, the govemor of the district, and at his suggestion Virgil went to Eome and appealed to Augustus. Restitution -n-as made by order of Augustus, though Virgil did not regain his farm, and soon we find Virgil living at Home under the patronage of the court, and on terms of intimacj' His first volume pf with the leading writers of the day. poetrj', the Eclogues, a collection of ten pastoral poems, commenced before he came to Eome, was completed in B. C. 37, and soon after he left Eome and for most of his remaining years From B.C. 37 to 30 he worked lived. in Campania near Naples. at his second great poem, the Greorgics, a series of four poems on husbandry as one of the glories of Italian life. The remaining eleven years of his life were devoted to his great epic poem, the Aeneid. We are told that in B. C. 23 he read Books lu B.C. 11. IV. and VI. to Augustus at the latter's rec^uest. 19 the poet had completed his epic, but intended to devote However, three years more to polishing and revising it while on a voyage to Greece and Asia that year, he fell sick at Athens and retumed, dying just as he reached
,

Italy.

with the condition of the it, but fortunately Augustus forbade their carrying out VLrgirs last wish. In person Virgil is said to have been tall and dark, of rustic even awkward apj^earance. He was gentle, shy and reser\'ed in manner, and the purity of his life gained him the name of Parthenias, the maiden. No authentic picture exists. The tomb in which Virgil was buried. near Naples long
In his last
illness,
dissatisfied.

Aeneid, he asked hii executors to burn

'

'

rernained
prophet.

an object of veneration, and Virgil himself in the middle ages came to be looked upon as a sage, magician and

XX

INTRODUCTION.

IV. THE AENEID OF YIRGIL.

The Aeneid belongs
is, it is

to the class of poetry called Epic, that a narrative poem, of an el^vated character, describing

the exploits of heroes.

The folloAving, condensed from Sellar, gives a general account of Virgirs jx)sition and excellence as a poet. There was before Virgil's time but one Roman Epic, the Annals of Ennius, Avritten two hundred years before, stirring but rugged about the time when Virgil first came to Rome
;

and Catullus appeared, which were the most artistic in form yet written in Rome. A Roman epic was wanted which would satisfy the national imagination as Ennius did, and also the new sense of art, and the great expansion of national life since Ennius' day. The emperor Augustus was anxious that his exploits should be cornmemorated by some great poet, and Virgil had long been ambitious to treat
the traditions of Alba

the poems of Lucretius

Longa
.to

in heroic verse.

be kept in that could rival the great epics of Homer

expression of the national feeling of

These objects then had

view a work
;

of art

a revival of interest

in the heroic legends concerning the four.ding of

Romo
city

the the
of

an imperial

expression of the deeper feelings and thoughts of his age about

the ideals and the problems of

life

and the celebration

Augustus. All these Virgil combined by selecting the story of Aeneas, which enabled him to treat or the origin of Eome, to parallel Homer's tales of war and sea-wanderings, and to glorify the family of the Caesars, the iTulii, who boasted of
their descent

from lulus the son

itself,

of Aeneas.

As

regards E.ome

Virgil develops

the conception

entertained

by the Romans themselves, that their city was ordained by Heaven to achieve world-wide dominion. Thus Virgil represents Aeneas as guided contintiaily by the gods until he f ounds the city, destined by the f atev= to be the greatest

IMKOUUCllUN.
in the -worlA
his

XXI

Aeneas in ancient times and Augustus in

own day
is

are regarded as instruments in the hands of fate,

a great inscrutahle power working out its purjjoses through the agency of E,ome. With this idea of universal empire is combined a reverence for antiquit^^, for old customs, for the religious faith of early Italy, and an attachment to all places connected with the his-

which

in the world

tory of the natioru

^

The Aeneid

then, as

an epic describing the great part Kome

plaj-ed in the history of the world, as determined

decrees, is partlj'

by

the divine

It a national and partly a religious epic. has only a secondary interest as an epic of human action, as a portrayal of manners and character, and it has always been objected to the Aeneid that its central character is a failure that while Aeneas is blameless, pious, and atient, he is uninteresting, "weak, lacking in energy, that he is a passive tool in tlie hands of fate, not a great hero relj-ing upon his own It may be resources and stiiTed by ordinary human passions. that Yirgil was determined in this largely by his weariuess of the civil -wars that had been raging so long, and b}' the desire felt everywhere in his da^-s for the restoration of peace, law, order and piety. This desire was met by Augustus' policy, and in this lay the security of Augusius' positujn. Dido stands out as the most life-like and interesting character Virgil has drawn, and even if she does represent to the iloman the hated race of Carthaginians, and even if her desertion by Aeneas calls forth no hint of condemnation from the poet, -we cannot but feel that Virgil sympathetically entered into the tragic nature of Dido's story. Apart from character the main sources of human interest the nobility and dignity of tlie developed in the Aeneid are story itself, apart from its connection with the national sentiment the interest of two romantic legends, the destruction of the scenes familiar, Troy, and the foundation of Carthage yet ftill of great memories and associations the characters
j :

XXU

INTRODUCTION.

else representative of some nation interweaving of the old and ever new themes of war and sea-adventures, with the passion of lova

prominent in legend, or
tlie

Virgil's restoration of the legondary past is not exact in all

its spirit. There is a mixture and luxurious pomp, of the fierceness and roughness of an uncultured age and the courtesy, dignity and kindliness of more polished times. The most unreal of all his portrayals are the battle scenes of the later hooks, where

its details,

or soraetimes even in

of primitive simplicity

the real interest lies generally, notin the stirring events of the combat, but in the pathetic death of some interesting character. But if objection is taken to VirgiPs character-drawing, the highest praise has always been given to the artistic excellence of his work, both in its arrangement and in the working out
of details.
lines,

Virgil (as Tennyson has it) 'could write ten they say, at dawn, and lavish all the golden day to
'

make them wealthier in his reader's eyes. No poet surpasses him in finished execution, in stateliness and majesty of movement.
rich,

His poetry shows a varied and continuous harmony, a chastened and noble style nowhere else to be found in

Latin.
Sellar regards Virgil as
'

supreme among

his

countrymen

in

that subtle fusion of the music and the meaning of language

He

which touches the deepest and most secret springs of emotion. touches especially the emotions of revcrence and of a yeaming for a higher spiritual life, and the sense of nobleness in human affairs, in great institutions and great natures the
;

sense of the sanctity of

human
'

affections, of the

imagiuative

spell exercised b^' the past, of

themystery

of the

unseen world.

the majestic sadness, the serene and harmonious cadences, of poetiy eni-iched with all the associaof

MacKail speaks

tions of art

the most exquisite finish.

and learning, and wrouglit by patient labor into But what Virgil has in a degree that no other poet has ever equalled is pity the sense of tears in things " to which in the most famous of his single verses
'

'

INTRODUCTION.
(Aeu.
1.

XXlll

462) he has giTen imperisliable expression, and.which

fills "svith

strange insight and profound emotion those lonely words and pathetic half lines -svhere he has sounded the depths of beauty and sorrow, of patience and magnanimity, of honor in life and hope beyond death.

Perhaps nothing so completely expresses the modem view Tennyson (himself the most Virgilian of all our modem poets), written at the request of the people of Mantua for the nineteenth centenary of VirgiPs death,
of Virgil as the lines of

1881.

Roman

Virgil, thou that singest Ilion's lofty temples robed in

iire,
;

and filial faith, and Dido'3 pyre Landscape-lov^er, lord of language more than he that sang the Works and Days, All the chosen coin of fancy flashing out from many a golden phrase Thou that singest wheat and woodland, tilth and vineyard, hive and horse and herd AU the charm of all the Muses often flowering in a lonely word Poet of the hapfjy Tityrus piping undemeath his beechen bowers Poet of the poet-satyr whom the laughing shepherd bound with flowers Chanter of the Pollio, glorying in the blissful j-ears again to be, Summers of the snakeless meadow, unlaborious earth and oarless sea Thou that seest Universal Xature moved by Universal Mind Thou majestic in thy sadness at the douVjtful doom of human kind Light among the vanished ages star that gildest yet this phantom
Ilion falling,
arising, wars,
; : ; ; ;
;

Rome

shore

branch amid the shadows, kings and realms that pass to rise no more Xow thy Fonim roars no longer tallen every purple Caesar's dome Tho' thine ocean-roll of rhythm sound for ever of Imperial Rome Xow the Rome of slaves hath perish^d, and the Rome of freemen holds
Grolden
;

her place from out the Northem Island, sunder'd once from all the human race, I salute thee, Mantovano, I that loved thee since my day began, Wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man.
;

I,

XXIV

INTRODUC riON.

V.-THE METRE OF
The
is

TIIE AENEID.
is

principle

upon whioh rh.ythm

based iu English poetry

a regular succession of accented and unaccented syllables.

In Latin, accent has nothing to do with scansion, which depends rather on the regular succession of long and short
^yllables.

LONG

ANI)

SHORT SVLL.ABLES.

long syllable is one containing a long vowel, or a diphthong, *or even ashort vowel before two consonants, orj, x, or z; e.g. the first syllable in each of the following words is
long
of

primus, aedes, mentis, major, texo, gaza. Even if one the two consonants be at the beginning of another word
:

this rule holds, e.g. the syllable siih is short in suh ipsa,

but

long in sub viontem.

e.g.

But the
Z

rule does no-t alwa^^s hold

when

the two consonants are the

first

or r preceded

by some other
short or long.

letter

syllable of patris

may be

A short

syllable is one containing a short vowel (except iu

;

the cases mentioned in th

or diphthong,
short.

preceding paragraph), including

is

regularly all cases where a vowel

e.g.

followed

by another vowel
is

the first s^-Ilable in tenet, <hus, deae,

iiis

have i sometimes short sometimes long, aud many jjroper names, borrowed from the Greek (iu which this rule does not hold) have a long vowel before another vowel or diphthong, e.g. the second syllable of Aeneas, Orion. In scansion h is not considered, so that the first syllable of afZ/jMC is not long, while in milii the first s^^llable is short as certainly as if it were spel led m ii.
genitives iu

But

Syllables then
position.
*
first

may

be short or long either by nature or by

The only diphthongs

in Latin are being far the commonest.

ae, au, eu,

ei,

oe

and

tti,

the two

I^fTRODUCTION

RHYTHM.
Yirgil uses in the Aeneid the metre

known

as Dactylic

Hexameter, that is a linj containing six dactyls, each dactyl consisting of one long sjllable followed by two short syllables. Two irregularities however are to be noticed first, the last foot has but two syllables (a long and a short, or two long) secondly, in any one, two, three or even four of the first four syllables a dactj-l may be replaced by a spondee, that is a foot consisting of two long syllables.
;
;

This metre

is

generally represented thus

Thus sixteen different arrangements of the line are possible (apart from the variation in the last foot), viz. one with th first four feet dactyls, four with one spondee in the line, six
with two spondees in the line, four with three spondees in the and one with four spondees in the first four feet For examples see the lines indicated on page xxix.
line,

But in a majority

of the lines a further dif&culty aris.s.

Where

the last syllable of a word ends in a vowel, or in m. and the first syllable of the next word begins with a vowel or h, these two syllables are elided or taken together and counted
as

on&

Such a case

is

called elision. *

For example

vera,

inquit, counts as three syllables in scansion, so also tegerem

ut,

divuvi humo, curru haeret.

SCANSION.

Probably the best way

Virgil
is

for beginners to get the scansion

first all

o*"

as follows

Mark

cases of elision

then the

two last feet, which uniformly consist

*

of the last five syllables,

inquit or vera^^inquit.

Slision

is

asually

marked thus ; ver'aj

XXVI

INTRODUCTION.
be marked
off
;

may
short

thon the quantity of syllables long or

by
;

position,

according to the preceding rules, can be

marked

after -which the first four feet can, in alargemajority

bo settled beyond a doubt, without any reference to Finally (and this is alljmportant, if the student is ever to get beyond this rule of
of cases,

the natural quantity of the vowels.

ihumb and catch the rhythm of Virgil), the line when scanned should be read over according to the division made. *
CAESUKA.

When a word ends within a foot, a caesura is said to occur, and in the dactylic hexameter, the caesura, or caesural pause
when
of the
parts.
it coincides

charm

of the

with a pause in the sense constitutes much rhythm, the line falling into two unequal

The favorite caesural pause occurs in the third foot, but sometimes it comes in the fourth foot, in which case there is often another pause in the second foot, the line thus being
divided into three parts.

The pause

is

far

more often

after the long syllable of a

dactylic foot than after the first short syllable. f

*

The following
:

will represent a line at the different stages of scan-

sion

vestrum hoc augurium, vestroque in numine Troja est. vestr(um) hoc augurium, ve8troqu(e) in numine Troj(a) est.
vestr(um) hoc augurium, vestroqu(e) in
vestr(um) hoc augurium, vestroqu(e) iii as the only feet that can occur are
I |

numine numine
|

Troj(a) est.
Troj(a) est.

Then

^ and
|

vestr(um) hoc

auguri

um, ves

troqu(e) in

numine

Troj(a) est.

t The caesura is usually marked thus previous footnote would be scanned

:

ii

and the

line given in the

ve8tr(um) hoc

auguri

um

||

ves

troqu(e) in

numine

Troj(a) eat

INTRODUCTION.

XXVll

SPECIAL FEATURES AND IRREGULARITIES.

Another beauty
imitative
of this
;

metre

is

the possibilities

it affords of

being often expressed in a line where dactyls abound, and solemn or gloomy ideas, stately and majestic movements, and slow or
excited,

harmony

or rapid

action

brought out by a line abounding in spondees. however that the Latin language is naturally more spondaic than dactylic in its ordinary movement (stately and sonorous rather than lively), and a succession of spondees does not seem to be always expressive of something solemn or stately. The recurrence of certain sounds, e. g. s and r, seems of ten Alliteration is also a very frequent device of intentional.
difficult actions

It should be noticed

Virgirs. *

The following
1.

irregtdarities occur

Many

of VirgiPs lines are unfinished,

though conforming

so far as they go to the regular metre.

"While in some cases

these half lines

revision
ferred

may

tain pathetic emotions,

be intentional or very expressive of cerit is probable that Virgil in his final

would have altered them. As it is his finer taste prean incomplete line to one padded out wdth weak additions.

2. In a few cases a superfluous syllable (generally que) is found at the end of a line, regularly where there could be an Such a case is elision with the first word of the next line. called Hypermeter or Synapheia. 3.

not.

In certain lines, where an elision might occur, it does This is most frequently the case where there is a decided

most frequently in the following cases (a) In (b)adouble alliteration of twopairs of words, either alternately or successively or inclusively {i.e. b dh d ot b b d d or b d d b) (c) of words syntactieally related or closely connected \n thought ; {d) in the two last words of the line.
*

He uses

alliteration

thefirst andlast words of theline

XXVUl

INTRODUCTION.

pause in the sense, or -vvith Greek proper names. omission o elision is called Hiatus.
4.

Such

ai

is given the sound of the pronounced abyete, three syllables instead of four. In such cases tlie y sound counts as a consoOther words are occasionally nant in making position. shortened, e.g. deinde (trisyllable) treated as if ei vvere a diphThis shortening is called Synaeresis or Synizesis. thong.

Occasionally
?/;

before a vowel

semi-vowel

e.g.

ahiete

5. Earely the number of by breaking up a diphthong. 6.

syllables in a

word

is

increased

This

is called Diaeresis.

Syllables regularly long are sometimes shortened, chiefly

ending erunt of the perfect indic. active, and in the ending iws of the gen. sing. This is oalled Systole. Itwillbe remembered that before combinations of a mute and a liquid This same (e.g. br, tr, cl) syllables often vary in quantitj^. variation occurs in other cases also in proper names.
in
tlie
7. A final syllable regularly short is sometimes lengthened. This lengthening (which is called Diastole) occurs only in the first syllable of a foot and generally at the caesural pausa In almost every case the syllable was originally long.

8. It is the exception for a line to end in a monosyllabla This occurs generally where Virgil is imitating some earlier Latin poet, or where the sense corresponds to the abrupt

ending.
9.

Sometimes the

fifth

foot

is

a spondee, chiefly for the

expression of
act, or in

some slow measured movement, or impressive Greek proper names. Where this occurs we have a
line.

Spondaic

O'(\(^^0^;S)/<

INTRODUCTION.

SCANSION OF BOOK
Representative lines
405, 6, 18, 41
; :

II.

53

17, 9, 123,

22

3,

47, 28, 83, 35, 51

133.
:

Imitative harmon^^ and Alliteration

498, 732.

9,

26. 53, 84, 124, 13.5,

209, 217, 237, 251, 301, 313, 324, 362, 418,

463^65, 491,

Unfinished lines

66, 233, 346, 468, 614, 623, 640, 720, 767.

Hypermeter
Synaeresis
:

745.

16, 442, 492, 691, 735.

:

Shortened syllables 774, (663). Lengthenedsyllables: 369, 411, 563. Monosyllabic endings 170, 355, 703:
:

Spondaic lines

68.

SIMILES IN BOOK
223. 304.

II.

(from Sidgwick).

Laocoon roars like a wounded bull. Aeneas on the house-top hears the sound of the battle, as a shepherd on a hill-top the sound o a fire or swollen river. 355. Aeneas and his comrades rush forth like wolves maddened by hunger.
379.

Androgeos accosting the

his error, like a

foe unawares,

stepped back

trodden on a snake he did not se& 416. The Greeks gather to fight us, like a war of winds. 471. Pyrrhus g&y in armor, like a snake that has cast ics
skin.

when he found

man who had

496. The Greeks burst into the palace, like a river that has broken a dam. 515. Hecuba and her daughters cowering at the altar, like

doves drivcn
626. All

by a storm. Truy falls, as an

ash-tree hacked and

hewn and

shaken

falls at length.

VERGILI lAIARONIS

AENEIDOS
LIBER SECUNDUS.
CONTICUERK omnes, intentique ora tenebant. Inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto
:

Infandum, regina, jubes renovare dolorem,

Trojanas ut opes et lamentabile regnum

xLiruerint

Danai, quaeque ipse miserrima vidi,

Et quorum pars magna fui. Quis talia fando Myrmidonum, Dolopumve, aut duri miles Ulixi, Temperet a lacrimis ? et jam nox humida caelo
Praecipitat, suadentque cadentia sidera somnos.
si t%ntus amor casus cognoscere nostros, Et breviter Trojae supremum audire laborem, Quamqviam animus meminisse horret, luctuque

Sed

10

refugir,

Incipiam.

Fracti bello,
\jvictores

f atisque

repulsi,

Danaum,

tot

jam labentibus

annis,
15

Instar montis equum, divina Palladis arte,

Aedificant. sectaque intexunt abiete costas.

Votum

pro reaitu simulant

ea

ama

vagatur.

P.

VERGILI MARONIS
corpora furtim

Huc

delecta

virum

sortiti

Includunt caeco lateri, penitusque caverna^ Ingentes uterumque armato milite complent,

20

Est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama Insula, dives opum, Priami dum regna manebant, Nunc tantuni sinus, et statio male fida carinis
;

Huc

se provecti deserto in litore condunt.

Nos abiisse rati, et vento petiisse Mycenas. Ergo omnis longo solvit se Teucria luctu Panduntur portae juvat ire, et Dorica castra
:

25

Desertosque videre locos, litusque relictum.

Hic Dolopum manus,

Classibus
liic

liic

saevus tendebat Achilles

locus

hic acie certare solebant.

30

Pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae. Et molem mirantur equi primusque Thymoetes Duci intra muros hortatur, et arce locari
:

Sive dolo, seu

A.t

jam Trojae

sic fata ferebant.

^

Capys, et quorum melior sententia menti, Aat pelago Danaum insidias suspectaque dona
Praecipitare jubent subjectisque urere flammis,

Aut

terebrare cavas uteri et tentare latebras.

Scinditur incertmn studia in contraria vulgus.

Primus

ibi

ante omnes,

magna comitante

caterva,

40

Ijaocoon ardens

summa

decurrit ab arce,

Et procul

'

miseri,

quae tanta insania, cives ?

uUa putatis Dona carere dolis Danaum ? sic notus Ulixes ? Aut lioc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi, Ant liaec in nostros f abricata est machina muros xnspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi, Aut aliquis latet error. Equo ne credite, Teucri.
Credicis avectos hostes ? aut

4^

Quidquid id

est,

timeo iJanaos et aona ferentes.'

AENEIDOS
Sic fatus, validis

LIB. U.

3
50

In latus inque

feri

ingentem viribus hastam curvam compagibus alvum

Contorsit, Stetit illa tremens, uteroque recvisso ^KSonuere cavae gemitumqvie dedere cavernae.
Et, si f ata

Deum,

si

mens non laeva

fuisset,
;

Impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras

55

Trojaque nunc staret, Priamique arx

Ecce,

alta,

maneres.

Pastores

manus juvenem interea post terga revinctum magno ad regem clamore trahebant
strueret Ti'ojamque aperiret Achivis,

Dardanidae, qui se ignotum venientibus ultro,

Hoc ipsum nt

60

utrumque paratus, Seu versare dolos, seu certae occumbere morti. TJndique visendi studio Trojana juventus Circumfusa ruit, certantque illiTdere capto. Accipe nvmc Danaum insidias, et crimine ab uno
Obtulerat, fidens animi, atque in

65

Disce omnes.

Namque
'

ut conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis,

Phrygia agmina circumspexit Heu, quae nunc teUus, inquit, quae nie aequora possunt 70 Accipere? aut quid jam misero mihi denique restat?
Constitit, atque oculis
'
'

Cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus et super ipsi Dardanidae infensi poenas cum sanguine poscunt.' Quo gemitu conversi animi, compressus et omnis Impetus. Hortamur fari, quo sanguine cretus, 7p Quidve ferat memoret, quae sit fiducia capto. nie haec, deposita tandem formidine, f atiu: Cuncta equidem tibi, rex, fuerit quodcumque, fatebor
;

'

Vera, ' inquit

'

neque

me

Argolica de gente negabo.

Hoc primum nec, si miserum fortuna Sinonem Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget.
:

80

Fando aliquod

si f orte

tuas pervenit ad aures

r.

VERGILl MAUONIS

Belidae
Gloria,

nomcn Palamcdis, ct incliita, fama quem falsa sub proditionc l\>las,i2;i

neci, niinc

Insontem, infando indicio, quia bella vctabat,

Demisere
Illi

cassum lumine lugent

85

me

comitem, et consanguinitate propinquum,

Pauper in arma pater primis huc misit ab annis. Dum stabat rcgno incolumis, regumque vigebat Conciliis, et nos aliquod nomenque decusque Gessimus. Invidia postquam pellacis Ulixi
-

90

(Haud ignota loquor)

Afflictus

superis concessit ab oris,

vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam, Et casum insontis mecvim indignabar amici. Nec tacui demens et me, fors si qua tulisset, Si patrios unquam remeassem victor ad Argos,
:

95

Promisi ultorem, et verbis odia aspera movi.

Hinc mihi prima mali Labes

Criminibus terrere novis
;

hinc semper Ulixes

hinc spargere voces

In vulgum ambiguas, et quaerere conscius arma. 100 Nec requievit enim, donec Calchante ministro Sed quid ego haec autem nequiquam ingrata revolvo ? Quidve moror? Si omnes iino ordine habetis Achivos, Idque audire sat est, jamdudum sumite poenas vy
:

Hoc Ithacus

velit, et

magno mercentur

;'

Atridae.''

Tum vero

ardemus

scitari et quaerere causas,

105

Ignari scelerum tantorum artisque Pelasgae.

Prosequitur pavitans, et
'

ficto pectore fatur

Saepe fugam Danai Troja cupiere relicta Moliri, et longo fessi discedere bello.
Fecissentque utinam
Praecipue,
!

Saepe

illos

aspera ponti

'

10

Interckisit hiems, et terruit Auster euntes.

cum jam

hic trabibus contextus acernis

Staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi.

AENEIDOS

LIB.

II.

O
'

Suspensi Eurypylum scitantem oracula Phoebi

Mittimus
'

isque aclytis liaec tristia dicta reportat

et virgine caesa,
:

115

'

Sanguine placastis ventos

Cum primum Iliacas, Danai, venistis ad oras Sanguine quaerendi reditus, animaque litandum
Argolica."

Vulgi quae vox

tit

venit ad aures,

Obstipuere animi, gelidusque per ima cucurrit

120

Ossa tremor, cui fata parent, quem poscat Apollo. Hic Ithacus vatem magno Calchanta tumultu
Protrahit in medios
Flagitat.
.\j.-tificis

quae sint ea numina Divum Et mihi jam multi crudele canebant

;

scelus, et taciti
silet ille dies,

ventura videbant.
tectusque recusat

,'

125

Bis quinos

Prodere voce sua quemquam, aut oppouere morti.

Vix tandem, magnis Ithaci clamoribus

^Composito rumpit vocem, et
Assensere onmes
;

actus,

me

destinat arae.
:

et, quae sibi quisque timebat, Unius in miseri exitium conversa tulere. 'T^ Janique dies infanda aderat mihi sacra parari, Et salsae fruges, et circum tempora vittae.
;

>

130

'

Eripui (fateor) leto me, et vincula rupi

Delitui,

Limosoque lacu per noctem obscurus in ulva

135

dum

vela darent,

si forte dedissent.

Nec mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi Nec dulces natos exoptatumque parentem Quos illi fors et poenas ob nostra reposcent Effugia, et culpam hanc miserorum morte piabunt.
;

140

Quod

te,

per superos et conscia

est,

numina

veri,

quae restet adhuc mortalibus usquam miserere laborum Tantorum, miserere animi non digna ferentis.' His lacrimis vitam damus, et miserescimus ultro. 145
Per, si

qua

Intemerata

fides, oro,

P.

VERGTLI MAKOXIS

Ipso viro primiis miiuicas atque arta luvari

Viucla juLet Priamus, dictisque ita fatur amicis Quisquis es, amissos liiuc jam ol)liviscere Graios
'

Noster eris

mihic^ue liaec edissere vera roganti.

Quo uiolem hanc immanis

Dixerat.
Ille dolis

ecjui statuere? quisauctor? 150 Quidve petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina belli?'

instructus et arte Pelasga,

Sustulit exutas vinclis

'

ad sidera palmas

Vos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum

: '

Testor numen,' ait

;

vos, arae ensesque nefandi,

;

155

Quos fugi vittaeque Deum, quas hostia gessi Fas mihi Grraiorum sacrata resolvere jura Fas odisse vu'0s, atque omnia ferre sub auras, Si qua tegitnt teneor patriae nec legibus ullis.
;

Tu modo
'

promissis maneas, servataque serves

si

IGO

Troja fidem,

vera feram,

si

magna rependam.
^

Omnis spes Danaum

et coepti fiducia belli

stetit.

Palladis auxiliis semper

Impius ex quo
1G5

Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes

Fatale aggressi sacrato avellere templo

Palladium, caesis

summae

custodibus arcis,

Corripuere sacram effigiem, manibusque cruentis

Virgineas ausi Divae contingere vittas

Ex

illo fluere

ac retro sublapsa referri

;

Spes Danaum fractae vires, aversa Deae mens. Nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris, Vix positum castris simulacrum arsere coruscae Luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus
;

70

Sudor

iit,

terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu)

ferens hastamque trementem, Extemplo tentanda fuga canit aequora Calchas, Nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis,

Emicuit,

parmamque

175

AENEIDOS

LIB.

II.

7
'

Omina ni repetant Argis, numenque reducant, Quod pelago et cm-vis secum avexere carinis. Et nunc, quod patrias vento petiere M}'cenas,

180

Arma

Deosque parant comites, pelagoque remensc

:

Improvisi aderunt

ita digerit

omina

Calclias.

Hanc pro

Palladio moniti, pro numine laeso,

Effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret.

Hanc tamen immensam

Roboribus
textis,

Calclias attollere

molem

185

caeloque educere jussit,

Xe recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset, Neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri. Nam si vestra manus violasset dona Minervae, Tum magnum exitium quod Di prius omen in ipsum 190
Convertant
!

Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum

magno Pelopea ad moenia
bello

Sin manibus vestris vestram ascendisset in urbem,

Ultro Asiam

>/ "

Venturam,
Credita res

et nostros

ea fata manere nepotes.'

Talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis

;

195

captique dolis lacrimisque coactis,

Quos neque Tydides, nec Larissaeus Acbilles, Non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae. Hic aliud majus miseris multoque tremendum
Objicitur magis, atque tmprovida j^ectora turbat. Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, Sollemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.

200

Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta (Horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues Incumbunt pelago, pariterque ad litora tendvmt
Pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta, jubaeque

205

Sanguineae superant undas

pars cetera pontum

Pone

legit,

sinuatque immensa volumine terga.

Fit sonitus spumante salo.

Jamque arva

tenebant.

O
Ardentesque cculos
Sibila

P.

VERaiLI MARONIS
sanguine et
igni,

suffecti

210

lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora. Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt et primum parva duorum Cori30i'a natorum serpens amplexus uterque
:

Implicat, et miseros

morsu depascitur

artus.

215

Post ipsiim auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem

Corripiunt, spirisqvie ligant ingentibus
:

et

jam

Bis

medium
dati,

amplexi, bis coUo squamea circum

Terga
Ille

superant capite et cervicibus

altis.

simul manibus tendit divellere nodos,

;

220

Perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno

Clamores simul horreudos ad sidera tollit Quales mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram
Taurus, et incertam excussit cervico securim.

At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones

EfEugiunt, saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem
;

225

Sub pedibusque Deae

clipeique sub orbe teguntur.

Tum

vero tremefacta novus per pectora cvmctis

;

Insinuat pavor

et scelus expendisse merentem Laocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur Laeserit, et tergo sceleratam iutorserit hastam. Ducendum ad sedes simulacrum, orandaque Divae

230

Numina conclamant.
Dividimus muros, et moenia pandimus urbis. Accingunt omnes operi pedibusque rotarum
;

235

"Subjiciunt lapsus, et stuppea vincula collo

Intendunt.

Scandit fatalis machina muros,

Feta armis.

Pueri circum innuptaeqiie puellae

Sacra canimt, funemque

manu

contingere gaudent.

Hla

subit,

mediaeque minans

illabitur urbi.
et incluta bello

240

patria, o

Divum domus Hium,

AEKEIDOS
ilot;aia

LIB.

II.

9
'

Dardanidum

quater ipso in limine portae

Substitit, atque tttero

sonitum quater arma dedere.

245

Instamus tamen immemores caecique furore,

Et monstrum Tunc etiam

infelix sacrata sistimus arce.

fatis aperit

Cassandra futuris

Ora, Dei jussu non unquam credita Teucris. Nos delubra Deum miseri, quibus ultimus esset
Ille dies, festa

velamus fronde per urbem.

250

Vertitur interea caelum, et ruit Oceano nox,

Involvens umbra

magna
dolos
:

terramo^ue polumque
fusi per

Myrmidonumque
Conticuere
:

moenia Teucri

sopor fessos complectitur artus.

instructis navibus ibat

Et jam Argiva phalanx

A Tenedo,

tacitae per
:

Litora nota petens

Extulerat, fatisque

amica silentia lunae, flammas cum regia puppis

defensus iniquis,

255

Deum

Inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim

Laxat

clausti'a Sinon. lUos patefactus ad auras Reddit equus, laetique cavo se robore promunt

260

Tbessandrus Sthenelusque duces, et dirus Ulixes, Demissum lapsi per funem, Acamasque, Thoasque,
Pelidesque Neoptolemus, primusque Machaon,

""

Et Menelaus, et ipse doli fabricator Epeos. Invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam Caeduntur vigiles, portisque patentibus omnes Accipiunt socios, atque agmina conscia jungunt. Tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit, et dono Di^-um gratissima serpit.v
;

265

In somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector Visus adesse mihi, largosque effundere fletus Raptatus bigis, ut quondam, aterque cruento
;

270

Ptdvere, perque pedes trajectus lora tumentes.

10

P.

VERGILI MARONIS
!

Hei

iiiihi,

qnalis erat

quantum inutatus ab
Acliilli,

illo

Hectore, qui redit exuvias indutus

275
!

Vel Danauni Phrygios jaculatus iDupj^ibus ignes Squalentem barbam, et concretos sanguine crines,

Vulneraque

illa

gerens, quae circum phirima

muros
:

Accepit patrios.

Ultro flens ipse videbar

et
!

Compellare virum,
'

maestas exi^romere voces

280

hix Dardaniae

spes o fidissima

Teucrum

Exspectate venis? ut
Defessi aspicimus

Quae tantae tenuere morae? quibus Hector ab oris te post muha tuorum Funera, post varios hominumque nrbisque labores,
?

quae causa indigna serenos

?

28.5

Foedavit vultus
Ille nihil
;

aut cur haec vuhiera cerno

nec me quaerentem vana moratvuSed graviter gernitus imo de pectore ducens 'Hen fuge, nate Dea^ teque his ait eripe flammis.
:

'

'

Hostis habet muros

ruit alta a culmine Troja

:

290

Sat patriae Priamoque datum

si

Pergama dextra
:

Defendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent.

Sacra suosque

tibi

commendat Troja Penates

;

Hos cape fatorum comites his moenia quaere, Magna pererrato statues quae denique ponto.
manibus vittas Vestamque potentem Aeternumque adj'tis eifert penetralibus ignem. Diverso intei'ea miscentur moenia luctu Et magis atque magis (quamquam seci-eta parentis A.nchisae domus, arboribusque obtecta recessit) Clarescunt sonitus, armoi-umque ingruit horror.
Sic
ait, et
;

295

300

Excutior somno,

et

summi

fastigia tecti

Ascensu supero, atque arrectis auribus asto. In segetem vehiti cum flamma furentibus Austris
Incidit
;

aut rapidus montano flumine torrens

305

AENEIDOS

LIB.

II.

11
labores,

Sternit agros, steriiit sata laeta

boumque

Praecipitesque trahit silvas

stupet inscius alto

Accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor.

Tum

vero manifesta

fides,

Danaumque patescunt
310
:

Insidiae.

ampla ruinam. Vulcano superante, domus jam proximus ardet Ucalegon Sigea igni freta lata relucent. Exoritur clamorque virum clangorque tubarum.
Deiph.obi dedit
:

Jam

Arma amens

capio, nec sat rationis in armis

arcem 315 Furor iraque mentem Praecipitant pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis. Ecce autem telis Panthus elapsus Achivum^ Panthus Othryades, arcis Phoebique sacerdos, 320 Sacra manu victosque Deos parvumque nepotem Ipse trahit, cursuque amens ad limina tendit Quo res summa loco, Panthu ? quam prendimus arcemV
Sed glomerare
et concurrere in

manum bello,

Cum

sociis ardent animi.

;

'

Vix ea fatus eram, gemitu cum

'

talia reddit

Venit

summa

dies et ineluctabile

tempus
325

Dardaniae.

Fuimus

Troes, fuit Ilium, et ingens

Ferus omnia Jupiter Argos Transtulit. Incensa Danai dominantur in urbe. Arduus armatos mediis in moenibus astans
Gloria Teucrorum.

Fundit equus, victorque Sinon incendia miscet

Insultans.
!Millia

Portis

alii

bipatentibus adsunt,

330

quot magnis
alii telis
;

umquam

venere Mycenis.

^Obsedere
Oppositi
Stricta,

angusta viaiiim

stat ferri acies

:

mucrone corusco
SSn

parata neci

vix primi proelia tentant

Portarum vigiles, et caeco Marte resistunt. Talibus Othryadae dictis, et numine Di-siim In flammas et in arma feror, quo tristis Erinys,

12

P.

VERGILI MARONIS

Quo fromitiis vocat, et sublutus ad aothora clamor. Adduut se socios Rhipeus et maximus aruiis Epytus, oblati per kmam, Hyjianisque, Dymascjue,
agglomerant nostro, juvenisque Coroebus Mygdonides. Illis ad Trojam forte diebus
hiteri

340

Et

Venerat, insano Cassandrae incensus amore, Et gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibus([ue ferebat Infelix, qui non sponsae praecepta furentis
Audierit.

34;')

Quos

iibi

confertos audere in proelia vidi,

:

Incipio super his

'

Juvenes, fortissima frustra

Pectora,

si

vobis audentem extrema cupido

sit

Certa sequi, quae

Di, quibus

rebus fortuna videtis

350

Excessere omnes adj^tis arisque relictis

imperium hoc
moriamur,

steterat

succurritis urbi

Incensae

et in

media arma ruamus.

Inde

Una

salus victis,

nuUam

sperare salutem.
additus.

Sic animis

juvenum furor

kipi

ceu

355

Raptores, atra

m nebula,
in

quos improba ventris

relicti

Exegit caecos rabies, catulique

Faucibus exspectant

siccis

per tela,

per hostes

Vadimus haud dubiam

mortem, mediaeque teneraus 360 Urbis iter. Nox atra cava circumvolat umbra. Quis cladem iUius noctis, quis funera fando
ExpHcet,
avit

possit lacrimis aequare labores

?
;

Urbs antiqua ruit, mukos dominata per annos Pku'ima perque vias sternuntur inertia passim Corpora, perque domos, et rekgiosa deorvim Limina. Nec sok poenas dant sanguine Teucri

365

Quondam etiam

victis redit in praecordia virtus,

Victoresque cadunt Danai.

Crudelis ubique

Luctus, ubique pavor, et pkn-ima mortis imago.

.^

AEXEIDOS

LIB.

II.

13

Primus

se,

Danaum magna

comitante caterva,

370

Androgeos
'

offert nobis, socia

agmina credens
:

Inscius, atque ultro verbis compellat amicis

Festinate, viri

nam

quae tam sera moratur

'

Segnities ?

Alii rapiimt incensa feruntque

celsis nimc primvim a navibus itis ? extemplo (neque enim responsa dabantur Fida satis) sensit medios delapsus in hostes. Qi\
:

Pergama
:

vos

375

Dixit

et

(j_,t/v^^-aA^

Obstipuit, retroque j^edem

cum

voce repressit.

'

Improvisum aspris
Pressit

veluti qui sentibus

anguem
380

humi

nitens, trepidusque repente refugit

Attollentem

iras, et

caerula colla

tumentem

Haud

secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat.

;

Irruimus, densis et circumfundimur armis

Ignarosque
;

passLm et f ormidine captos Sternimus aspirat primo fortuna labori. A.tque hic successu exsultans animisque Coroebus '0 socii, qua prima, inquit, 'fortuna salutis
loci
'

386
:

Monstrat

iter,

quaque ostendit se dextraj sequamur.

^
?

Mutemus clipeos, Danaumque insignia nobis Aptemus dolus an virtus, quis in boste requirat Arma dabunt ipsi.' Sic fatus, deinde comantem
:

390

Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum Induitur, laterique Argivmn accoromodat ensem. Hoc Rbipeus, hoc ipse Dj'mas, omnisque juyentus
Laeta
facit
:

'jj~-'

spoliis se quisque recentibus

armat.
;

395

Vadimus immixti Danais, haud numine nostro Multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem
Conserimus, multos
alii
:

Danaum demittimus Orco. ad naves, et litora cursu Fida jjetunt pars ingentem formidine tm-pi Scandunt rursus equum, et nota conduntur in alvo.
Diffugivmt

400

14

r.

VERGIM MARONIK
!

Heu, nihil invitis fas quenKiuaiu iiil(>re Divis Ecoe trahebatur passis Priameia viij^o Crinibus a templo Cassandra adj^tisquo ]\Iinervae, Ad caehim teudens ardentia himina frustra Lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula pahuas.
:

405

Non
Et

tulit

sese inedium injecit periturus in

hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus, agmen.

410

Consequiuiur cuncti, et densis incurrimus armis.

Hic primum ex alto delubri cuhn.ine telis Nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes, Armorum facie, et Graiarum errore jubaruin. Tum Danai gemitu at(pie ereptae virginis ira Undique collecti invaduntj acerrimus Ajax, Et gemini Atridae, Dolopumque exercitus onniis.
Adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti
Confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois

415

Eurus equis stridunt silvae, saevitque tridenti Spumeus atque imo Nereus ciiet aequora fundo. Illi etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbrani
:

420

Fudimus

insidiis,
:

totaque agitavimus urbe,

Apparent primi clipeos mentitaque tela Agnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant. Jlicet obruimur numero primusque Coroebus Penelei dextra Divae armipotentis ad aram Procumbit cadit et Rhipeus, justissimus unus Qui f uit in Teucris, et servantissimus aequi Dis aliter visum. Pereunt H^-panisque Djanasque
: :

425

Contixi a sociis

nec te tua plurima, Pantliu,

Labentem

pietas^ nec Apollinis infula texit.

430

Iliaci cineres et

flamma extrema meorum,

Testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas

Vitavisse vices

Danaum,

et, si

fata fuissent,

AENEIDOS

LIB.

II.

15
'

Ut caderem, men.usse manu. Divellimur inde, Iphitus et Pelias mecum, quorum Iphitus aevo

4'db

Jam

gravior, Pelias et vulnere tardus Ulixi,

Protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati.

Hic vero ingentem pugnam, ceu

Sic

cetera

nusquam
;

Bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe

Martem indomitum Danaosque ad

tecta rvientes

440

Cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen.

Haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nitimtur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris
Protecti objiciunt
;

prensant fastigia dextris.

Dardanidae contra turres ac tecta domorum

445

Culmina conveUunt his se, quando ultima cernunt, Extrema jam in morte parant defendere telis Auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum, Devolvunt alii strictis mucronibus imas Obsedere fores lias servant agmine denso.
: ;

450

Instaurati animi regis succurrere tectis,

Avixilioque levare viros,

vimque addere

victis.

Limen erat caecaeque fores et pervius usus Tectorum inter se Priami, postesque relicti

A tergo
Saepius

infelix

qua

se,

dum

regna manebant,

455

Andromache ferre incomitata solebat Ad soceros et avo puerum Astyanacta trahebat. Evado ad summi fastigia culminis, unde
Tela

manu

miseri jactabant irrita Teucri.

praecipiti

Turrim in

stantem summisque sub astra

460

Eductam tectis, unde omnis Troja videri Et Danaum solitae naves et Achaica castra,
Aggressi ferro circum, qua
Sedibus impulimusque.

summa

labantes

Junctitras tabulata dabant, convellimus altis

Ea

lapsa repente ruinam

465

16

P.

VERGILI MARONIS

Cnm

sonitvi trahit, et

Danaum
;

snper agmina late

Incidit.

Ast

alii

stibennt

nec saxa nec nllnm

Telorum interea cessat genus. Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque in limine Pyrrhns Exultat, telis et luce coruscus aena 470 Qualis ubi in hicem cohiber, mala gramina pastus,
;

Frigida sub terra

tumidum quem bruma

tegehat,

Nunc

positis

novus exuviis nitidusque juventa,

475

Lubrica convolvit sublato pectore terga, Arduus ad solem, et linguis micat ore trisulcis.

Una

ingens Periphas, et equorum agitator Achillis

Armiger Automedon, una omnis Scyria, pubes Succedunt tecto, et flammas ad culmina jactant. Ipse inter primos correpta dura bipenni Limina perrumpit, postesque a cardine vellit Aeratos jamque excisa trabe firma cavavit Robora, et ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram.
;

480

Apparet domus intus, et atria longa patescunt Apparent Priami et veterum penetralia regum, Armatosque vident stantes in limine primo. i/ At domus interior gemitu miseroque tumultu Miscetur, penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes Femineis ululant ferit aurea sidera clamor. Tum pavidae tectis matres ingentibus ^rrant, Amplexaeque tenent postes, atque oscula figunt. Instat vi patria Pyrrhus nec claustra neque ipsi
: :

485

490

Custodes sufEerre valent

Fit via vi

labat ariete crebro

Janua, et emoti procumbuut cardine postes.

:

rumpunt

aditus,

primosque trucidant

Immissi Danai,

et late loca milite complent. -

495

Non

sic,

aggeribus ruptis

cum spumeus amnis

Exiit oppositasque evicit gurgite moles,

AENEIDOS

LIB.

11.

17

Fertur in arva furens cumulo, camposque per omn^s

stabulis armenta trahit. Vidi ipse furentem Caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas 500 V^idi Hecubam centumque nurus Priamumque per aras Sanguine foedantem. quos ipse sacraverat, ignes. Quinquaginta illi thalami. spes tanta nepotum,
:

Cum

Barbarico postes auro spoliisque superbi,

Procubuere
Forsjfan

tenent Danai, qua deficit ignis.

505

Urbis uti

Priami fuerint qtiae fata, requiras. captae casum, convulsaque vidit

et,

lamina tectorum,

et

medium

in penetralibus hostem,

Arma

diu senior desueta trementibus aevo

et inutile

Circumdat nequiquam umeris,

feiTum

510

Cingitur. ac densos fertur moriturus in bostes.

Aedibus in mediis, nudoque sub aetheris axe, Ingens ara fuit. juxtaque veterrima laurus

Incumbens arae, atque iimbra complexa Penates. Hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum,
Praecipites atra ceu tempestate cohimbae,

515

Condensae

et

Divum amplexae simulacra

sedebant.

Ipsum autem sumptis Priamum juvenalibus armis Quae mens tam dira, miserrime conjunx Ut vidit
:

Impulit his cingi

'

telis ?

aut quo ruis

'

inquit.

520

Xon tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis Tempus eget non, si ipse meus nunc afforet Hecto Huc tandem concede haec ara tuebitur omnes,
: :

Aut moriere

simul.

'

Sic ore effata recepit

Ad

sese, et

sacra longae^Tim in sede locavit.

Polites,

525

Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede

Unus natorum
Saucius.

Priami, per

tela, jier

hostes

Porticibus longis fugit, et vacua atria kistrat

Hlum ardens

infesto vulnere

Pyrrhus

18
Insequitiir,

P.

VERGIM MARONIS
tenet, et premJt hasta.

jam jamque inanu

530

Ut tandem

aiite oculos evasit et

ora parentum,

Concidit, ac multo vitam cum sanjjuine fudit. Hic Priamus, quamquam in media jam morte tenetur, Non tamen abstinuit, nec voci iraeque pepercit. 535 At tibi pro scelere,' exclamat, pro talibus ausis, Di (si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet) Persolvant grates dignas, et praemia reddant Debita, qui nati coram me c^-nere letum
'

'

Fecisti, et patrios foedasti funere vultus.

At non

ille,

Talis in hoste fuit

satum quo te mentiris, Achilles Priamo sed jura fidemque

;

540

Supplicis erubuit, corpusque exsangue sepulcro

Reddidit Hectoreum, meque

Conjecit

in

mea regna

remisit.'

Sic fatus senior, telumque imbelle sine ictu

;

rauco quod protinus aere repulsum,

clipei
:

545

Ex summo

nequiquam umbone pependit.

illi

Cui Pyrrbus

'

Referes ergo haec et nvmtius ibis

:

Pelidae genitori

mea

tristia facta

Degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento. Nunc morere.' Hoc dicens altaria ad ipsa trementem
Traxit, et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati

550

Implicuitque

comam

laeva, dextraque

coruscum

Extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem.

Haec

finis

Priami, fatorum hic exitus illum

Sorte tulit, Trojam incensam et prolapsa videntem

555

Pergama, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum Regnatorem Asiae jacet ingens litore truncus, Avulsumque iimeris caput, et sine nomine corpus.
:

At me tum primum saevus circumstetit horror.

Obstipui
:

subiit cari genitoris imago,

560

Ut regem aequaevum

crudeli vulnere vidi

AENEIDOS
:

LIB.

II.

19

Vitam exhalantem subiit deserta Crensa, Et direpta domus, et parvi casus luli.
Respicio
et,

quae

sit

me circum

copia, lustro.

Deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu

565

Ad terram

misere, aut ignibus aegi-a dedere.

Jamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae Servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem Tyndarida aspicio dant clara incendia lucem Erranti, passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti.
:

570

Illa sibi infestas eversa

ob Pergama Teucros
conjugis iras

Et poenas Danaum
Abdiderat
sese,

et deserti

Praemetuens, Trojae

et patriae

communis Erinys,
cadentem
575

atque aris invisa sedebat.

:

Exarsere ignes animo

Scilicet

subit ira

Ulcisci patriam, et sceleratas sumere poenas.

'

haec Spartam incokmiis patriasque Mycenas

videbit,
?

AuSpiciet,

partoque ibit regina triumpbo ? Conjugiumque, domumque, patres, natosque

et

Iliadum turba
Occiderit ferro

Phrygiis comitata ministris

580

Priamus ?

Troja arserit igni

Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus ? Non ita namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen Feminea in poena est, nec habet victoria laudem,
;

Exstinxisse nefas tamen, et sumpsisse merentis

585

Laudabor poenas
Talia jactabam.

animumque
et furiata

explesse juvabit

Ultricis flammae, et cineres satiasse

meorum.' mente ferebar Cum mihi se, non ante oculis tam clara, videndam ObtuUt, et pura per noctem in luce refulsit Abna parens, coniessa deam, qualisque videri Caelicolis et quanta solet dextraque prehensum
: ;

590

Continuit, roseoque haec insuper addidit ore

20
'Nate,
qviis

V.

VKKdll.l

MAKONIS

indoinitas taiitus dolor excitat irasV

Quid

furis ? aut

quonam
?

nostri tibi cura recessit?

505

Non

]irius aspicies.

nbi fessum aetate parentem

superet conjunxne Creusa,

Liqneris Ancbisen

Ascaninsque puer

quos omnes undique Graise

;

Circum errant acies et ni mea cura resistat, Jam flammae tiilerint, inimicus et hauserit ensis.

dCO

Non Has

tibi

Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenae,

:

Culpatusve Paris
Aspice

Divum

inclementia, Diviun,

culmine Trojam. quae nunc obducta tuenti Mortales hebetat visus tibi, et umida circum tu ne qua parentis Caligat, nubem eripiam
evertit opes, sternitque a

namqtie omnem,

<505

Jussa time, neu praeceptis parere recusa Hic, ubi disjectas moles avulsaque saxis

Saxa vides, mixtoque undantem pulvere fumiun, Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti Fundamenta quatit, totamque a sedibus urbem Hic Juno Scaeas saevissima poi'tas Eruit. Prima tenet, sociumqite furens a navibus agmen
Ferro accincta vocat.

<>10

Jara

summas

arces Tritonia, respice. Pallas

<3l5

nimbo eSulgens et Gorgone saeva. Ipse Pater Danais animos viresque secundas ipse deos in Dardana suscitat arma. Sufficit
Insedit,
: .

Eripe, nate, fugam, finemque impone labori.

Nusquam

abero, et

tutum patrio

te limine sistam.

'

620

Dixerat, et spissis noctis se condidit umbris.

Apparent dirae

facies,

inimicaque Trojae
considere in ignes

Numina magna deum. Tum vero omne mihi visum

Ilium, et ex imo verti Neptunia Troja.

625

AEXEIDOS

LIB.

II.

21

Ac

veluti
ferro

summis antiquam
;

Cum

in montibus omum accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant

illa

Eruere agricolae certatim

usque minatur,

Et tremefacta comam concusso vertice nutat

Vulneribus donec paulatim evicta,
Descendo, ac ducente Deo
ExiDedior
;

supremum
inter et hostes

630

Congemuit, traxitque jugis avulsa ruinam.

flammam

dant tela locum, fiammaeque recedunt.

sedis

Atque ubi jam patriae perventum ad limina

Antiquasque doraos, genitor, quem tollere in altos Optabam primura montes. primumque petebam.

635

Exsiliumque
Sanguis,
'

Abnegat excisa vitara producere Troja, pati. Vos o, quibus integer aevi
'

ait,

'

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Vos

agitate fugam,

640
satis

Me

si caelicolae

voluissent ducere vitam,

:

Has mihi
Vidimus
Sic
o,

servassent sedes

ima superque
urbi.

excidia, et captae

superavimus

sic positura affati discedite corpus.

Ipse

manu mortem
petet
:

inveniam.

Mi.serebitur hostis,

645

Exuvlasque

facilis jactura sepulcri.

Jampridem invisus divis et inutilis annos Demoror ex quo me divum pater atque hominum rex
;

Fulminis afSavit ventis,

et contigit igni.

Talia perstabat memorans, fixusque manebat.

650

Nos contra

conjunxque Creusa, Ascaniusque, omnisque domus, ne vertere secum Cuncta pater fatoque urgenti incurabere vellet. Abnegat, inceptoque et sedibus haeret in isdem. Rursus in arma feror, morteraque raiserriraus opto. Nam quod consilium. aut quae jam fortuna dabatur Meue efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto
effusi lacrimis,
*

655
?

22
Sperasti
?

P.

VERGILI MARONIS

tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore ?

tanta Superis placet urbe relinqui,

Si nihilex

660 Et sedet hoc animo, jjerituraeque addere Trojae Teque tuosque jvivat, patet isti janua leto Jamque aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus, Natum ante ora patris, patrem qai obtruncat ad aras. Hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignes, 665 Eripis ? ut mediis hostem in penetralibus, utque Ascaniumque, patremque meum, juxtaque Creusam, Alterum in alterius mactatos sanguine cernam ? Arma, viri, ferte arma vocat hix ultima victos.
;
:

Reddite
Proelia.

me Danais sinite instaurata revisam Nunquam omnes hodie moriemur inulti.'

;

670

Hinc

ferro accingor rursus, clipeoque sinistram

Insertabam aptans, meque extra tecta ferebam. Ecce autem complexa pedes in limine conjunx
Haerebat, parvumque patri tendebat lulum
' :

Si periturus abis, et

nos rape in omnia tecum

675

Sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem jDonis in armis,

Hanc primum
Cui pater,
et

tutare domum. Cui parvus luhis, conjunx quondam tua dicta relinquor ?

Talia vociferans gemitu tectum

omne

replebat

Cum

subitum dictuque oritur mirabile monstrum. Namque manus inter maestorumque ora parentum, Ecce levis summo de vertice visus luli Fundere lumen apex, tactuque innoxia molles Lambere flamma comas, et circum tempora pasci.

680

Nos pavidi

trepidare metu, crinemque flagrantem

685

Excutere, et sanctos restinguere fontibus ignes.

At pater Anchises
Extulit, et caelo
'

oculos ad sidera laetus palmas cum voce tetendit

si flecteris ullis,

Juppiter omnipotens, precibus

AEXEIDOS
Aspice noj
.

LIB.

II.

23

hoc tantum

et, si

pietate meremtir,

690

Da

deinde auxilium pater, atque haec omina firma.'

senior, subitoque fragore

Vix ea fatus erat

Stella

Intonuit lae\Tim, et de caelo lapsa per umbras

facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit. sunama super labentem culmina tecti, Cernimus Idaea claram se condere silva, Signantemque vias tum longo limite sulcus Dat lucem, et iate circum loca .sulfure fumant. Hic vero victus genitor se toUit ad auras, ASaturque deos, et sanctum sidus adorat.
Illam,
; '

695

700

mora est sequor, et, qua ducitis, adsum. Di patrii, servate domum. servate nepotem. Vestrum hoc augurium, vestroque in numine Troja est.
nulla
:

Jam jam

Cedo equidem,
Dixerat
ille
;

nec, nate, tibi

et

comes ire recuso. jam per moenia clarior ignis

705

Auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt.

'

Ergo

age, care pater, cervici imponere nostrae

Ipse svibibo umeris, nec

me

labor iste gravabit.

Quo

res

Una

salus

cumque cadent, unura et commune jjericlum, ambobus erit. Mihi parvus lukis

710

Sit comes. et longe servet vestigia conjunx.

Vos, famuli, quae dicam, animis advertite vestris.

Est urbe egressis tumulus, templumque vetustum Desertae Cereris, juxtaque antiqua cupressus, Religione patrum multos servata per annos.

715

Hanc ex

diverso sedem veniemus in unam.

Tu, genitor, cape sacra manu, patriosque Penates.

Me, bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti. Attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo
Abhiero.

720

Haec

fatus, latos

umeros subjectaque coUa

24

P.

VERGILI MARONIS

yeste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis,

Succedoque oneri

dextrae se parvus lulus

;

non passibus aequis Pone subit conjunx. Ferimur per opaca locorum Et me, quem dudum non ulla injecta movebant Tela, neque adverso glomerati ex agmine Grai, Nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis
Implicuit, sequiturque patrem

725

Suspensum,

et pariter comitique onerique timentem.

Jamque propinquabam portis, omnemque videbar Evasisse viam subito cum creber ad aures Visus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per umbram
;

730

Prospiciens, 'Nate,' exclamat,

'

fuge, nate

propinquant.

Ardentes clipeos atque aera micantia cerno.'

Hic mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum Confusam eripuit mentem. Namque avia cursu

735

Dum
Heu
!

sequor, et nota excedo regione viarum,

misero conjunx fatone erepta Creusa

740

Substitit/erravitne via, seulassa reseditj'

Incertum nec post oculis est reddita nostris. Nec prius amissam respexi, animumve reflexi,
;

Quam tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque sacratam Venimus hic demum collectis omnibus una
:

Defuit, et comites

Quem non

incusavi amens

natumque virumque fefellit. hominumque deorumque

745

Aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe ? Ascanium Anchisenque patrem Teucrosque Penates

Commendo
Ipse

sociis, et

curva valle recondo

urbem

repeto, et cingor fulgentibus armis.

Stat casus renovare omnes,

omnemque

reverti

750

Per Trojam,
Principio

et rursus

caput objectare

periclis.

muros ob^curaque limina

portae,

Qua gressum

extuleram, repeto, et vestigia retno

AKNEIUOS

LIB.

II.

y&

Observata sequor per noctem et lumine lustro. 755 Horror ubique animo, simul ipsa silentia terrent. Inde domum, si forte pedem, si forte tulisset, Me refero irruerant Danai, et tectum omne tenebant. Ilicet ignis edax summa ad fastigia vento Volvitur exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras. TfJO Procedo et Priami sedes arcemque reviso. Et jam porticibus vacuis, Junonis asylo, Custodes lecti Phoenix et dirus Ulixes Praedam asservabant. Huc undique Troia gaza Incensis erepta adytis, mensaeque deorum, 765 Crateresque auro solidi, captivaque vestis Congeritur pueri et pavidae longo ordine matres
: ;
:

Stant circum.

Ausus quin etiam voces

jactare per

umbram,
770

Implevi clamore vias, maestusque Creusam

Nequiquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi.

Quaerenti. et tectis urbis sine fine furenti,
Infelix

simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae Visa mihi ante oculos, et nota major imago.
Obstipui, steteruntque

comae

et

vox faucibus
':

haesit.

Tum
'

sic affari, et

curas his demere dictis

775

Quid tantum insano juvat indulgere dolori, O dulcis conjunx ? non haec sine numine Divum Eveniunt nec te hinc comitem asportare Creusam
:

Fas, aut

ille

sinit superi

regnator Olympi.

Longa

tibi exsilia, et

vastum maris aequor arandum,

780

Et terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva Inter opima virum leni fluit agmine Thybris. Illic res laetae regnumque et regia conjunx
Parta
tibi
:

lacrimas dilectae
sedes

jjelle

Creusae.

Non ego Myrmidonum

Dolopumve superbas

785

26

P.

VERGILI MARONIS

Aspiciani, aut Graiis servitum uuitribus ibo,

Dardanis, et divae Veneris uurus.

Sed me magna deum ^enitrix liis detiuet oris. Jamque vale, et nati serva communis amorem.' Haec vibi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem
Dicere deseruit, tenuesque recessit in auras.

790

Ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum Ter frustra comprensa manus efEugit imago,
;

Par levibus
Sic

ventis, volucrique simillima

somno.
795

demum
liic

socios

consumpta nocte

reviso.

ingentem comitum affluxisse novorum Invenio admirans numerum, matresque, virosque, Collectara exsilio pubem, miserabile vulgus. Undique convenere, animis opibusque parati, In quascumque velim pelago deducere terras.

Atque

800

Jamque

jugis

summae

surgebat Lucifer Idae,

Ducebatque diem, Danaique obsessa tenebant Limina portarum, nec spesopis ulla dabatur Cessi, et sublato montes genitore petivi.

NOTES.
"

O lamentable

fall

of famous towne,

Which raignd so many years vietorious, And of all Asie bore the soveraine crowne,
In one sad niglit consumd and tlirowen downe ! stony hart, that heares tliy haplesse fate, Is not empierst ^vith deep compassiowne, And maltes ensample of man's wetched state, That flowers so fresli at morne, and fades at evening late !" Spenser, Faerie Queene.

What

For the story up to the point

I.

of the siege of

at which

Troy and the events leading Book IL opens, see Introducticn

and

ir.

The concluding words

by Dido in honor
The The

of

Book

I.

describe a banquet given

of Aeneas,

ending wiih
to trace,

" Nay, f^uest," slie cries, " vouclisafe a space

tale of

Danaan fraud

dire misfortunes of your race,

;

These wanderings of your own For since you first 'gan wander o'er Yon homeless world of sea and shore, Seven summers nigli liave flown."
1-13.

lutroduotioil.

recalh the past,

to
1.

and o/ the lateness of the hour,

In spite of the pain with ivhich Aeneas he is willing

gratify the queen's desire.

Coniicnere =conticuer^int. This ending is very rare in Caesar, but common in poetry, being often convenient for
metrical purposes.

intenti,

with adverbial force (RC.

88.

b.

28

VIROIL, AENEID,

I.-VI.

H, 443. AG. 191.) oni toiiebant, 'kept their gaze fixed (upon him)." Note tho change of tcnse, expressing the instant hush a.nd the continned attention.

2.

toro....ab alto.

In poetry words

are

more
of

freely
sit,

placed thau in prosc.

but reclined, at their

the guest.
esse is

The Greeks and Eomans meals. alto, as a mark

or.sws
est

did not

orsus, for
and sunt
also.

(from ordior).

honor to In prose
tenses, in

frequently omitted, especially in

compound
'

poetr\-, est
3.

Iii'aiidnin,

with

predicative force
'
'

unutterable

is

the

pain you bid nie revive, not you bid me revive an unutterable pain. The accusative with juheo and an infin. is often
'

left to

'

be supplied from the context. 4. Trojanas, ut, in sense belongs to regnum also. how. lainentabile, anticipates the effect of eruerint.

'

5.

eruerint,
I.

Subiunctive
331.)

telling,

virtuall}^ implied in

depending on the notion of renovare dolorem. (RC. 99. d.

-(/(te

H. 529.

AG.

better omitted in trans.

quaeque, two words. quae and quorum (L

= 'both,'
The

6.) are relative

not interrog. pronouns,

relative sentences
lines,

hence the change of mood.

'

are in a loose apposition to the previous

;

woes (lit. things) which iniserrima, emphatic, and placed in the relative sentence (EC. II. 197. h. H. 453.

whose meaning they extend

are the most sorrowful I (ever) saw.

'

5.

AG.
6.
'

200. d.)
etc.
,

talia,
7.

et quoruiu,

such a

tale.

'

'andinwhich I bore no fando, in telling.

'

small part.'

quis, which is also These tribes are chosen because their leader, Achilles, was the fiercest, as well as the most famous, Ulysses was most famed for his craftiiaess of the Greeks. why then is the epithet duri preferred here ? Notice the use of ve and aut, the former being used to couple M. and D.

Myrmidonum Dolopumve, with

to be taken with miles.

which are the most closely related. RC. 49. d. H. 68. AG. 4a a.

For the gen. Ulixi,

see

NOTES.
8.

29
iRC.

teiuperet,

'could

refraiu.
'

'

'M

b.

H.

"'486.

iL
it

AG. 268.) et, 'also,' was near dawn. caelo,

9.

too.

'

uillida, 'devvy,' because

is

in

poetry the preposition

the
sun,

often

omitted in phrases of motion from.

praecipitat,

Night,

like

rising out of the ocean, traversing the sky,

was regarded as and then sinking

beneath the westem waves. cadeutia, another indication souiuos, Latin often, especially of the lateness of the hour. in poetry, uses the plural where English wouid have the

singular.
H"'.

(E,C. p. 258. fn.

est

1.

H. 133.

3.)
;

In this line

is
is

to be supplied

cf.

on L

2.

COga.
iiL

HOSeere, the
prose,

infin.

used more freely in poetry than in

(E.C.

H. 533. IL N.
11.
12.

which here would have cognoscendi. So audire in L IL 3.)

101.

supremuiu,
refug^it,
;

ol time, not of degree. the quantitj'- {refngit) shows that this

'
' '

is

the

The act of has shrunk back, freely recoils. English recoiling is finished, hence the perfect in Latin prefers the present, expressing the state of mind.
perfect
lit.
'

13-249.

-The stratageui of the tireeks aud the iufatuatiou of the Trojans.

13-20. The Greeks pretend to make preparations for departing and build a wooden horse, which is filled icith warriora.
13.

It

was decreed by

fate that

Troy should not be taken

In Yirgil
3.

for ten years.

IL Dauanui, for Danaorum.

47. c, beutibns,

many nouns
the gen.
e.)

of

the first or second declension have

(RC.

48.
^'

not had glided. 15. iustar, an old acc used as an adv. Palladis, the gods took sides in the Trojan war, both favoring and actively
'
'

c H. 49. were gliding

3.,

.52.

-um AG.

in

plur.

36. d., 40.

la-

aiding.
16.

some the Greeks, others the Trojans.

aedificaut,

expressive of the size of the stnictura

30
17.

VIRCH,, AENEII),

l.-VI.

pro

reditll,

'

for their return,'

i.e.

to ensaro a favor-

able voyage, and perhaps as a thank-offering for getting safely

away.
18. huc, 'herein,' 'in this,' lit. 'hereinto,' to this,' motion towards T)eing impliod in inc/udunt. caeco lateri, explains huc more fully. For the dative (here to be translated by in), see EC. 82. a. i. H. 386. AG. 228. viruin, for virorum, see on Uanaum, 1. 14. corpora virum, periphrasis seemingly expressive of the care taken to get tho
'

most stalwart men

selection.
19.

notice also the repetition of the idea of

penitus,

also gives an idea of

the

immense

size of tlie

horsa
20.

uterumque, qtie
not

here, as often, is used to give

planation,

an additional detaiL

milite,

'soldiery.
1.

an

ex-

For the
their
to

sing. used collectively see E.C. p. 258. fn.

21-39. After the Greeks have gone, the Trojans hasten to

camp
Est,

ancl find the

it.

wooden

horse, but are undecided ivhat

do with
21.

'there
of

is.

'

notissima,

'well-known';
';

case.

fama, 'in

fame,' 'in reputation

abl.

case.

nom. Thero

was a temple
22.

Apollo thera

dives opum,
f.

'rich.
iii.

of store,'
1.

'rich in resources';
c. ).

(EC. 81.

iL
9.

H.

399.

AG.

218.

regna, see on
II.

somnos, L

manebaut; for the

tense see EC.

173.

AG.
23.

276.

e.

N.

tantum,
'

an

adverb.

male

flda,

'

treacherous,

un-

trustworthy.

male negatives words denoting good

;

qualities.

24
25.

se,

with condunt
from

unnecessary in English.
;

abiisse,

aheo

its

subject eos

is

not expressed.

for rati sumus (an unusual ellipse), from reor. Mycenas, the city of the leader of the Greeks stands for Greece
rati,

as a whola
26.

long^O,

intensifying the feeling of

relief.

NOTES.
27.

31
;

Dorica,

'Doric,'

i.e.

'

Greciau

for Vrrgil' uses the

names

of different proniinent

general,

Greek tribes for the Greeks in The Dorians really became prominent only after the

Trojan war.
28. locos, prose Latin would have used que explanatory see on L 20.
;

loca.

litiisque,

adverb iu this line and the next. luanus, teudebat, eucamiJed. ' The f ull phrase As a matter \vould be tentoria tendebat, stretched his teuts. of fact, huts not teuts were used by the Greeks before Troj'.
29.

hic,

an

subject of tendebat.

'

'

'

classibus, i>lur. of the different detachments. hic supply erat. 31. exitiale, as was afterwards found, not as was suspected at the time. Miuervae, objective geuitive ;, translate to M. 33. duci, tliat it be drawn. In prose the subj. not the infin. is used with hortor. arce, The preposition in phrases telling the place ivhere, is more ofteu ou>itted in poetry than
30.

locus,

'

'

'

in ])rose.

(EC. 85.

k.

i.

H. 425.

II. 2. N. 3.

AG.
'

34 sive
3olor

seu,

258. /.

'

whether

or

(that).

might be given to this suspicion bj^ had ouce had Thymoetes' wife and child put
ferebaut,
35.

some dolo, the fact that Priaui

to death. sic

'

were tending thus.

is to

quorum, the antecedent

'

be supplied

' ;

those,

whose.

Saiiply also erat, as the verb of the clause,

lit.
'

mind
36.

held,'

pelag^O,

to
'

whose whose mind was, etc. into the sea. In poetry, the dative ofteu
'

'

expresses the limit of motion.

1.

(!R0.

82

a.

i.

H.

385. II.

AG.
37.

225.

b.

subjectisque,
.aut
;

English
-que.

would use

'or,'

not

'and.'

Two

alternatives are given, to destroy or to explore,

. .

marked

by aut.
38.

the two ways suggested of destroying the

horse are connected

by

cavas latebras,

depend

on both terebrare aud temp-

tare

notice the appropriateness of placing cavas near tere-

brare,

and latebras near temptare.

32
39.

VIUCUL. AENEin

II.

i-ather

incertum, 'in its perplexity,' i.e., on this occasion, than a constant epithet 'fickla' stlldia, 'factions,'

nidicating the heat of the controversy.

dispute."

'

'

Is torn apart in

high

Vlllgus,

opposed to the leadcrs.

1.

40-56. Laocoon urges the destrurtion ofthe horse, aiui holdli/

hurls his spear at

40.

it.

Primns ante omnes, like ardens

Laocoon's intense eagemess.

IL

and procul

1.

42, indicating

Laocoon was a priest of Apollo, and had prob41. aroe, ably been engaged in his temple in the citadch Understand dixit or some such see on 1. 40. 42. procul, word, often omitted in poetry wJien the exact words are

quoted.
est,

tanta, 'all

this,'

'

this great.'

Here also a verb,

is to be suppiied.

43. 44. 45.

avectos,

supply
otx

esse.

Danaum, with
ligrno, see
in,

dona.
arce,
1.

sic
33.

notus, supply est. Achivi,see on Dorica,

'27.

46.
47.

against,' of hostile intent.

inspectura, ventura, fut. part. denoting purpose (EC. 102. b. 1. H. 549. 3. AG. 293. b.); translate 'to look on the city,' see on pelago, 1. 36. Virgi? down, ebc.' urbi, has in his mind the towers used by the Eomans in sieges. H. 488. (EC. 100. a. 48. ne credite, 'do not trust'

'

AG.
49.

269.)

qnidquid, from

quisquia.

et ferentes,

'

even wheu

bearing.
50.

validis ing^entem,

gain force from

being placed close

together.
51.
lit.

curvam compagibus, with

'curved with
its

alvum, is
52. illa,

its curved frame-work.' frame-work (or joints).' inque.... merely an emphatic extension of in latus.

added,
subject.

as

is

common

in Latin,
'

to

mark

thp
(oj

change

of

re-echoing) o

utero recusso, with the jarring the wornb '; an abl. absol.

NOTES.
53.

33

eavae, belongs
1.

to the predicato.

Insonuere, dedere,
si

see on
54.

1.

deum, see on Danaum,

Some supply non
'
'
'

L 14
'

fata

complete.

laeva fuisseni,

deum, is inmaking laeva

'

mean
gods.
55.

iinpropitious

with /ct^a, and

if it

infatuated

with mens.
will of the

Others supply non fuissent,

had not been the

impulerat,

more

vivid than the regular impulisset

he had done his part to urge them. is resumed in the subjunctives of L

The regular construction

56.

56. maneres, 'wouldst (still) remain {or abide).' The change to the second person marks Aeneas' deep emotion. alta, in contrasfc with its presenfc doAvnfalL

57-76.

Greek

is

hrought

in, loho

had

allovjed himself to

he taken in order to deceive the Trojans.

hands bound,' lit. Greek accusative or accusative of specification. (EC. 83. e. iL H. 378. 1. AG-. 240. c. ) 59. qui, subject of obtulerat, L 61. ultro, with ohtu57.

manns revinotum, 'with

to his hands
'

his

'

bound as

the

so-called

lerat, 60.

not

ith venientibus.

hoc ipsum, explained by Trojamque aperiret Achivis on -que, L 28. Others make hoc ipsum refer to his being brought before the king. 61. animi, 'in mind,' in hearfc'; reaUy a locative (EC.
see

'

86.

H. 399. iiL 1. AG. 218. c.) in utrumque, 'for either fate'; explained by the next line. 62. versare dolos, much trickery might be needed to induce the Trojans first to spare him, then to introduce the horse into the city ; hence the frequentative verb and the plural noun. certae, 'certain,' if his trickery did not succeed, for he was a Greek. 63. Tisendi studio, 'in their eagerness to see.'
iL

74 ruit certantque, the sing. ruit because they rush as onr "lass, the pkiral certant because regarded as individaaL\y acting. illudere, in jeering at.'
'

34
65.

VIRGIL, AENEID

II.

Accipe imilC,

Dido had
tell us,
'

said

dic hospes origine nobis

insidias

Danaum,^
if it

guost,

from the begiTuiing the

treachory of the Greeks.

criiiiiiie

ab uno,

with

much

the

same

force as

were ab criinine unius.

66. oilines, be careful not to take it as thougli vrimina were understood it is masc. and refers to the Greeks. For the broken line see Introduction III.
;

67. 68.

conspectu in medio, 'in the midst

a^niina,

of our gaze.'

a contrast with inermis of 1. 67. circumspexit, for the spondaic ending see Introduction V. It seems to be used here purposely for graphic effect.
70.

suggesting

(leniqne,
of
1.

to be taken with
est,
'

(/?<ic7.

jam,

'anylonger.

nimc
71.

69=

'

at this jsresent moment.

f or

cili,

supply

whom
(for

super,

adverb,

'besides.'

ipsi,

they

pected to welcome a deserter

voluntarily).
72.

is,' or 'who have. might have been exhe had given himself up

there

blood

';

poenas CUin sang^uine, 'punishment along with his in fact, his death was to be the punishment, not some-

thing additional.
73. quo, 'at this'; the co-ordinating use of the relative. conversi compressus, supply sunt and est. et, 'also;' notice the unusual position. 74. farl, the infin. with hortor is rare see on L 33. cretus, supply sit (subj. of indir. question).

75.
'

quidve ferat,

'or what
II.

(news)hebrings.'

memoret,

to tell us'; the subj. representing the imperative of the

a. i. H. 52a IIL AG. 339.) what ground of confidence he has, now that he is a captive, lit. what ground of confidence there is to (him) a captiva He had voluntarily given himself up (L 59), and had just spoken as though the Trojans might liave been espected to shelter him (L 71, 72.) he is now askid on what hope of being spared he was depending in so doing.

actual words

(EG

214.

quae

sit flducia capto,

'

'

'

NOTES.
76.

35

iile,

see
1.

on

illa,

52.

liaec,

'thiis.

'

This line
it is

is

not considered genuine, one reason heing that

sistent -with
107.

incon-

77-104.

To

irin their sympathij, he telh honi he is

victivi

of Ulysses' hale.
77.

equidem,

to strengthen the assertion

'
'

notice too that

etincta is

made emphatic by its position. fiierit quodcumque, 'happenwhat may, 'come what M-ill. fut. perf. indic. truly, truthfully.' me, supply 78. Tera, predicative,

'

esse.

neg^abo, differs slightly from nego

lioc

'

nor will

I ever

deny.
79.

primum,supply /a<eor.

80.

improba,

emphatic,

'

with
'

all

her malice,'

'

malicious

(or Avanton)

thou.sh she bo.

Be
'

careful not to translate

.
.

improba
81.

-with the clause si viiserum.

.Jinxit.
'

aliquod iiofando, "in conversation. 'by report. men, 'any such name as that of P. ' pervenit, bj' using the introductory 'there. the two subjects nomen and gloria

'

may be

brought in

later.

Ulysses had feigned madness that he 82. Palamedes. might escape taking part in the war. Palamedes by an adroit trick had shown that the madness was merely a pretence This aroused Ulj^sses' resentment and he compassed Palamedes' downfall by hiding a letter from Priam and some gold in Palamedes' tent and then falsly accusing him of Palamedes was also a great inventor treason to the Greeks. and some think Ulysses was jealous of his reputation for
shrewdness.
gloria.
84.

incluta,

'spread
of

abroad';

nom
is

case,

-ndth

fama, abl.
retabat,
This
of

case.

The recurrence

the sjdlable in

doubtless intenthis

tional.

the

indicative

shows that
g.

real not the alleged

341.

reason.

(EC. 99.
all

H. 516.

was the AG.

crafty touch would

the more win the

sympathy
Sinon.

the Trojans for Palamedes and his attendant

36
85.

virCtIl,

arneid
1.

ii.

demisere, see on

liimine;
414. iiL
86.

1.

iieci,

see

on

1.

36.
i.

casum
c.

bereffc of light,

'

i.e.,

dead.

(RC.

85. h.

H.

AG. 243. d.) illi, we here come

1.

to the

beginning
87.

81.

illi is

emphatic,
to

'he

main clause it was

of the sentence

to

whom.
for

pauper,

seemingly

assign a

reason

Sinon's
coiiie

being a dependant, and thus to show that he had not

Troy of his own wilL in arma, 'for warfare. primis ab anni.s, 'from my (not the war's) earliest years. Hence huc misit must be used in a pregnant sense, which may be expressed by using two verbs to him my father assigned me, etc. from my earliest years, and sent me hither. For one indication of Sinon's age, see 1. 138. misit can niean only virtually sent, that w^as what his act led to. [Some think that Sinon was really a mere lad ten years before, and that Virgil in 1. 138 is guilty of an inconsistency. ]
against

'

88.
cf.
1.

dum
22.

stabat,

'

so long as

he remained
leaders

';

for the tense

regum, the

princes or

of

contingents

banded against Troy. 'we also'; 89. et nos,

nos really refers to the narrator

'

only.
90.

nomenque,

que

is

both, but better omitted in trans.

'

Invidia,the abl. case. pellaeis, suggests the means by which Ulysses bx'ought about his death see on L 82.
91.

haud ignota,

'

whafc iswell

known

';

litotes.

superis
the

COncessit ab oris,
93.

a euphemism for
by

mecum,

'

alone,

'he mefc his death. myselL ' insontis, gives

reason for the inJignation.

94. nec tacui, refeiring to the previous line and implying nor was I contented with giving vent by myself to niy indigNotice the change of tense from trahebam and nation.
'

'

indignabar to tacui. demens, 'in my madness,' 'fool that me, with promisi, L 96. tulisset, cf. sic fata I was. For the trans. by should or by Eng. past ferebant^ L 34 H. 528. subj. in virtual indirect narration see E,C. IL 216.
'

'

'

AG.

341.

c.

NOTES.
95.

37
(RC.
66.
'

remeassem,
1-28. a.

for

remeavissem.

H. 235.

AG.
96.
'

I vowed I would avenge him,' promisi me ultorem, vowed myself his avenger. odia, ^for plur. see on L 9. 97. hinc, supply erat ; from this (came).
'

'

'

terrere, the historical it were the indicative. (EC. So spargere and quaerere.
98. 99.

infinitive, translated as

though
275.)

101.

d.

H.

536.

1.

AG.

Yulgum,

usually

vulgus

is
'

neuter,

here

masc

for

metrical convenienoe.
others.

in,

'among.

conscius,

'conscious

of guilt, ' [or according to

']

arma, in order

some ' conf ederate (conspiring) with to prevent his own accu^ation and
.
.

punishment^
100. nec euim, not, 'and indeed referring back in thought to prima labes, L 97. C. ministro, with C. as h.is accomplice (tool).' the abL absol. 101. Sinon breaks off just when he has roused their interest and curiosity. sed antem, 'but yet,' a coUoquial usage.
.
.

'

'

quid, 'why? 102. uno ordine

gard as
103.
alike.'

liabetis,

'regard
;

as of one class,' 're-

id,

^viz.

that I

am

'at
this.

once,'

implying that

a Greek see L 78. jamdudum, it should have been done before

(EC.
98.
c.

104 velit,
311.).

'

would wish

';

H.

509.
i.

AG.

magno, 'at

a great prica'

(EG. 85.

H. 422.

AG.

252.)

10.5-14L
tells liou;

Having roused
to

tke interest

heing condemned to

of the Trojans, Sinon death, he has escajxd from the

pity

Greeks,
105.

and appeals

Priamfor

and mercy.

vero, emphasizing tum, indicates that Sinon's plan of rousing his hearers' curiosity has succeeded.
106.

tantorum,

-so great.' as these of

'

Sinon.

107. licto

pectore, with

false

heart

38
108.

VIRGIL, AENEID
relicta,

II.

abl.

absol.

translate

by

infin.

co-cmllnate

with

nioliri.

lOfl

longro

fessi,

tho

juxtaposition lends

forc;e

to

the

statement
110.

parenthetic wish.

saepe,
111.

fecissentque iitiuam ! -would that they had!' H. 483. 1. AG. 2G7. (EC. 98. a. 2.
'

a
b.

(but as) of ten.

'

'

euutes, as they were

dei^arting.'

speaks of different woods in connecThe tion with the timbers of the horse, cf. 1. 16 and 1. 2."i8. particular kind of wood is unimportant, the idea of woodeu
112. aceruis,
' '

-Yirgil
at.

being chiefly aimed

113.

38

See on 1. toto aetliere, place where, throughout. the omission of the prep. is very common with totus in
'

'

prose

also.

114 scitautem, here practically equal to the f uture i^art. [Some editors read scitatum, the supine. ] to consult. oracula Phoebi, the oracle of Phcebus or Apollo at Delphi was, in post-Homeric times, the most f amous and influential
'
'

in Greece.

guinp.

saug^uine et virg^ine, practically the same as sanFor the sacrifice of Iphigenia, see Intro= placavistis (EC. 66. H. 23.5. placastls, duction I.
llfi.

virginis.

AG.

128. a.).

117.

quaereudi,
2.

supply
c.

smit,
'

so

with

litandum,
'

est.

Translate by the active voice.

you must.
this

etc.

(EC. 104.

a.

H.

301.

AG.

146.

119.

quae VOX ut,

'when
subj.

utterance,

'

the co-ordin-

ating use of the relative.

121.

parent, poscat,

of indirect question after the

1.

idea of wondering implied in the fear of

'

120.

We may

supply 'as they wondered, or asked,'or in doubt.' fata, probably the subject of parent ; what they are making ready is too dreadfol to be made definite.

NOTES.
122.

39

hic,

'hereupon.
was
all

fact that it
123.

mag^no tuniultu, to liide arranged beforehand with Calchas.

'

the

quae sint ea numina divum, what is the will of mean those revelations of the gods. Ul^-sses cautiously avoids explicitly asking who is the man ?'
'

heaven,' 'what

'

'

12.5.

taciti,

'

in silence.
scelus.

'

referring to other persons than

'

those

who
bis

canebant

Eng. would use

58.

or.

'

not

'

and,' in

such a casa
126.

ventura,
'

'whatwas
c.

tocome'
H.
'

quinos, see EC.

2.

174. 2.

2.

AG.

95.

c.

tectus,
128.

either

hidden (in his tcnt|,'or

hiding his thoughts.

of collusion
129.

rix tandem, this delay also was to avoid suspicion with Ulysses. rumpit TOCem, -he breaks forth,' he breaks into

speech.'

nnius, in an emphatic positiom conversa tulere, endured when turned.' conversa agrees -w-ith the .fimebat (or with the unexpressed idea conveyed in quae.
131.

'they
132.

antecedent of quae).

parari, historical

inf.

(RC.

101.

rJ.

H.

533.

1.

AG.
salt

27.5.)

salsae frug^es, a sacrificial cake of coarse meal and was crumbled and sprinkled over the victim's head. vittae, white fillets or bands were bound round the heads both of the victims and of those sacrificing. As usual, Virgil refers to Eoman, not to Greek, customs.
133.

134 fateor,
dative.

because
b.

it

(EC.

81

H.

3S5.

not to be
m3' escape.'
136.

taken

literally,

was an act of sacrilege. leto, 2. AG. 229.) vincula rupi, but as meaning merely, I made
'

subj.

dum vela darent, 'tQl they should set saU'; the conveys an idea of a purpose in view, here that of
to
si
';

coming forth and making his way (EC. 99./. iii. H. 519. 2. AG. 328.)
perchance

some place of safety. forte dedissent, 'if

si forte,

the\- did set sail (or did so)

because

it

was uncertain whether they would do

so without

having made

40

VIRfilL,

AENEID

II.

the saorificG appointed.

dedissent,

subj.,

because part of
k.

Sinon's thought or purpose in lying concealed (RC. 99.

;

AG. 342. ) pluperf. tense, because his purpose H. 529. ii. (RC. could be carried oiit only after the Greeks had sailed. H. 525. 2. AG. 283. R.) II. 205. ., 211. a. 3. nor havcl. .hope. (RC. 82. </. 137. nec mihi. .spes,
. .

'

'

H.

387.

138.
139.

AG. 231. exoptatum,

qiios.
' . .

'

for

whom

I long.
;

.poenas,

doubleaccus. aiterrejMsceyit
(RC. 83./.
i.

transc.

late quos et,

from whom.'

H. 374

AG.

239.

'

even.

140.

iniserorum morte,
'

'

with their wretched

death,'

more

literally,

141.

quod,

couscia veri,
142.

wherefore,^ adverbial who know the right,

'

the death of those

unhappy
acc.
'

ones.

'

i.e. Priam. te, with a double reference

to the truth of Sinon's story

and the
.

justice of his case.

per.

.quae restet.

.fldes,

remains';
99.
c.

=per
'

eani Jideni qiiae restet.

by whatever honor For the subj. see RC.

'

nite,

fera. of quis, indefi1. AG. 320. qua, Sinon has been so badly treatod that he doubts the good faith of all mankind. lahorum, RC. 81./. iii. 143. miserere, imperativesiug.

H.

503.

'

any.

H. 406.
144.

AG. 221. a. 'non digna ferentis,'

i.

'

suffering undeservedly.

145-161. Si7io)i's life

is

spared,

and

o7i

his being asked the

meaning of the wooden out of gratitude.

145. lacrimis,

horse, he soleinnli/ snvars to reveal all

give him our pity also.' miserescimus ultro, 146. primus, 'foremost. mauicas, those refen-ed to in see L 57, put on him by his Trojan captors. viro, dative on leto 1. 134. 148. amissos hinc obliviscere, 'henceforth give up and forget. 149. mihiqne, etc,- 'expiain this trubhf ully ^that I ask.'
' '
;

may be

dative,

or

abl.

of

circumstance.

NOTES.
150.

41
lit.

quo,
qiiis

'

for

what

end.

'

auctor,

purpose,'

'whither,'
?
'

'-to
est.

what

'

at whose advice
'
'

Supply
1.

151. religio,

which may not be sworn falsely b^' with impunity. Sinon's words are capable of a double meaning throughout, so that verbaUy he does not perjure himself
'

154 ignes,
inviolable,

'vow, sacred duty see the sun, moon, and stars.

';

17.

i.e.

non violabile,

'

i.e.

156.

deum, =<^eor!ti.
of

The

fillets

honor

whom

the

offering

was made.

were sacred to the god in as a hostia,

'

victim'; hence they wero especially sacred to him.

have sworn

the vows I est. sacrata jura, solemn oaths '; Virgil has in mind probably the sacramentuvi or oath of allegiance of the Eoman soldier. Sinon is to be no longer a Greek soldier, a friend or
157. fas,
'

understand
to,
'

'

my

confidant of the Greelvs, or a citizen of Greece.

158.

viros,

'them,'
plur.

emphatic
acc.

the

vien

themselves are

contrasted with their plans.

159.
\\\\l%,

qua,

neut.

of

indefinite

pron. qnis.

nec

= nullis.
maneas, serves, translateby imperative. (EC. 98. a. AG. 266. a.) promissis manere, =to abide by proservata,
si,
'

160.

H. 483.
mises.
161.

when
307.

saved.
lit.

'as
ii.

surely as^;
d.)

'if.

'

feram,

(E,C. 99. h.

AG.

ma^na,

acc.

plur.

fut. indic. translate

the Pallato

freely, 'greatly.'

162-194 The horse, he

states, is
is

a substitute for
by

dium
162.
'

stolen

from
lest

Troy, but
the

purposely made too huge

its protection.

enter the city,

Trojans

be benefted

coepti belli,

'in

the
of the

war at

its

beginning,

'

lit.

begun '; an anticipation

163. auxiliis,

thought that this trust no

local

longer lasted.
CRC. 85.
k.

'in

the aid

';

or instrumental
;
'

abl.

iii. )
'

ex quo,

supplj^ tempore

rom

the time

when, '

'after.

inipius, a coustant epithet, but used with

4i2

YIRdll-. ARNKII)

II.

special reforciicc to this act of sacrilege, so sre/eiain inventor.

164.

sed

eiliiu,

sed implies

that this hope had come to an

end

enini gives the reason why.

Translato simply
tlie

'

but.

1G5.

fatale.

.1'alladiinn,

statue of Pallas which liad

Palladium was a small fallen from heaven in the earlj''J^rojans

days

of Troy.

So hing as tho

kopt

it safe,

their city

was

secure. hence /a<a/e, 'fatcfui.''

166.

Sliminae, increasing our ap]ircciation

Yir^ineas,
touch was.

of thc

daring of

the two Grecks.

168.

indicating what an
ansi,

iusult
:

and desecration
with fractae
fluere,
etc.
,

thcir
\.

supplv

sini/

so

170.

169.

ex

illo,

rcferring
1.

to ex quo,

1.

168.

the figure seems to bo that of

cal infln.
170.
cf.

an ebbing

tide.

For

tlie histori-

on

98.

niens,

on

thc monosyllabic ending

e.s/
;

scc Inti-oduction
\.

Y.
171.
172.

aversa,

ea

172. so witli positum, suppljthose signs. signa, 'signs of this,

'

lit.

'

arsere,

English

'

would insert
lit.
'

'

when

'

before

this

clause.
17H.
tion.

arrectis,
salsus,

starhig."

attentive,' out

of

indigna-

'totell.'
175.

e. 174 from Ihc local indications

merely a constant epithet of sndor. the goddess) herself. 'as distinguished ipsa, 'she(i.
of her

anger just mcntioned.

(lictu,

(EC. 105.
'

i.

H. 547.
lit.

AG.

303.)

ferens,

with,'

'bearing.'

trementem,

in

hcr

wrath.
176. 178.

tentanda, supply esse. omina ni repetant,

'

unless they seek fresh omens,

referring to the

Eoman custom of

returning to E,ome to repeat

the auspices in case of ill-success.

.
.

numen reducant quod

two iuterpretations are givcn. (1) to bi'ing .avexere, back thc deity {i.e. the Palladiuui) they had carried away (to Greece) (2) to bring back the divine favor which (when they first came) they bore with them (from Greece). The first
.

NOTES.
torces the

43
it is

meaning

of

')t.ntneu,

while

unlikel\' if not im-

Palladium should have been already sent to In the second both the mood and the tense of avexere Greece. are hard to account for. It is possible that 1. 179 is an interNotice that the indic. avexere cannot be a part of Ijolation.
possible that the

Calchas' prophecy.
180.

qnod petiere,
'25,

'

as to their

making

for.

'

Myceiias,

see

on

1.

181.

parailt,
'

the principal verb

'i. e.
'

'preparing gods to attend

them,'
183.

means winning the favor

pro,
'

of the

gods again.

'

in behalf of,
'

in place

of

the Palladium,

and

'

in proisitiation of

the offended deity.

184.
inlin.

triste, ot (EC. 99. a.

tameii,

its
i.

results.

H.

185.

implies

quae piaret, translate by AG. 317.) that although a substitute was to be

497.
I.

was not to be taken into the city where the Palladium had been. linmensam, has special emphasis. 186. caelo, see on 1. 36. 187. portis, 'by (or at) the gates'; (KC. 85. . ii.) aut couples two similar ideas neu, 1. 188, introduces a new
built, it

thought.
188.

relig^ione,

'faith,'

'worship': Sinon means that the

if

substitute for the Palladium,

received within the city and

honored by the Trojans, would protect them as the Palladium

itself

had.

189.

violasset,

seeon <?*sse<,
;

1.

94.

Calchas' prophecy
1.

the idea of saying

see
'

is

Sinon is now quoting involved in Jussit,

186.

Minervae,

on

1.

31.
it

190. prius,

'first,

i.e.

before

can come upon you.

see

omen convertant, as though

H. 483.
191.
193.

a god's inevitable wrath could

;

be turned aside on one's enemies

(for subj.

EC.

97.

cs.

AG. 267.) ipsum, ^.e. Calchas. futnrnm, supply esse. See on 1. 189.
ultro,

'actually,'

'even';

i.e.

be freed from a defensive

war

like the

Asia would not only present, but woald

44
itself

VIRGIL,

AENEID

II.

invade Grcece.

Pelopea inociiia, .e.

of

Argos, the

chief city of the Peloponiiesus.

194.

ea fata,

above

iiiaiiere,

referring to viagmim exitium .futnruvi notice the change of tense the verb carries
. .
.

in itself the reference to the

f utvire.

195-233. Aiiy hesitation remaining

story,
is

after Sinon's
apiiear,
horse,

artful

removed

Laocoon icho

when ttvo had hurled a dart

sea-serpents
at the

destroy
then

wooden

and

take refuge in Pallas' temple.

195. insidiis,

epithet. without any special force or approiiriateness here. a greater sight than that of Sinon. miseris, 199. majus, to the ill-fated (Trojans). imprOTida, 'blind, un200. magis, ^vith tremenduvi.
196.
197.
'
'

abL of cause. capti, supply i7;iws. coactis, 'forced. Larissaeus, a stock quos, '-vve whom.

'

'

foreseeing,
cf.
1.

'

i. e.

54.
]

[Others think

expecting no such occurrence, or generally so, it refer to their blindness in believing

Sinon.
201. 202. 203.

ductus, 'chosen, lit. 'dravvn.' Neptuiio, dative. ad, 'at. sollemnes, 'wonted, accustomed. per alta, 'over the deep '; they -vvere first seen far
'

'

out at
205.
206.
first

sea.

pelago,

'on the sea'; see on 'whose'; quornm, 'their,

'lit.

1.

33.

in prose

it

would be the

word.

207.

pars cetera, the

208. legit,
freely,

'

rest.
'

'

skims, glides over.

sinuatque volumine,

'curving (wTeathing) in coils. 209. flt, 'rises'; the nature of the sound is indicated by they were gaining. the repetition of S. tenebant, 210. ocnlos sulTecti, 'their eyes suffused mth blood and with eyes blood-shot and blazing with fira fire,' more freely,

'

'

For the Greek accusative

oculos, see

on L

57.

NOTBS.
211. 212. 215.

45

ora,

accusative.
movement
of a

aarmine, -suggesting the

long colunin.
as

morsu depascitur, 'biting,

miseros,

feeds upon';

though
dative

d participle.
216. post,

an

a transferred epithet adverb. auxilio, 'to their

AG.
283.)

aid";

lEC. 82.
218.

c.

H. 390.

bis, probably once each. collo circum terga dati, his neck with their bodies'; more literally, twining their bodies about his neck.' collO; dative (EC. H. 384. 2. AG. 225. d.) circum dati, =ciVc!/??i82.^6. iv.

'encircliug

dat i, a middle use

219.

(E,C. 96.

c.

).

capite,

referring to both
is

the plural could not occur

justifiable vvhere
it

in this metre, while the sing.

equallj' to each.

applies

altis,

having much the

siviu/.
1.

force of

au adverb

wilh superant. 220. simul, corresponding to

222. 210.

perfusus vittas, see on L 57 and compare L His priestly office is no protection.

221.

223. quales mugitus cum, such beUowings as when/ understand toUit. [Another reading is qualis mugitns, sc.
'

est.

fugit,

224.
56.
b.
).

securim,
lapsn,

perfect accusative.

'

(EC. 49.

c.

H.

62.

iiL

AG.

225.
215.

gliding

'

as

summa, the

shrine

though a participle compare 1. was on the citadel compare L 41.

;

227.

sub pedibus deae,

evidently the

the only statue-of the goddess in her temple.

Palladium was not This seems to

before,

have been very large, and may have been temple. find shelter. teguutur,

not

in,

the

'

228.

tum Yero, compare on

*

according to some,

strange

'].

L 105. noTUs, 'new,'[or In L 212 the Trojans' fear is

at the dreadful appearance of the serpents. now their fear is caused by the thought that the serpents are the instruments pf the goddess who now shelters them. cuuctis^ dative,

46
translato
freely

TIR(;iI.,

AKNKID
(BC. 82.

II.

'of

all,'

i.

H. nHi.

l.

N.

2.

AG.

235. .).

229.

merenteiii, 'deservedl^', duly.

2B0. foriiiit,
2H1.

'

qui
';

laeserit,

they say, nien say,' subject iudefinite. 'in piercing,' 'in that he

lias
,-.

pierced

for subj.

see EC. 99. g.

'

iii.

H. 517.

AG.

820.

tergo, dative, translate by

232.
233.

at.
exne.

diiceiidum,nnderstand
iiumiiia,

'divine

favor';
66.

for piur. see

ou

1.

9.

For

the broken line compare

1.

284-249. Believing this portent to imlicate

ice

t/ie

goddess' will,

dravj the horae within the walls

ivitli

blind rejoicings.

284. diyidjmus, the gates of ancient cities were narrow, and lower than the walls, so that the Trojans had to mako a

breach in the walls.

the
latter
parts.

miiros,
'

moenia, the former

the fortifications,
'
'

'

the walls,'

more general

the fortified

transitive, here gird themwere added. 236. rotarum lapsiis, an abstract expression for rolling stretch on [i.e.. fasten to) its wheels. collo intendunt, neck. For the datives j^edibus and collo see EC. II. 69. H.
235.
'

accingunt,
'

usually

selves, set to,

as

if se

'

'

'

'

386. 1.

AG.

228.

289.

contingere,
iii.

here
AG.

'

to lay hold
c,

of.

'

For the
illabitur

infinitive

see RC. 101. a.

240. illa,

273.

i.

e.

machina.
is

urbi,

with

see

on

pelago,
241.

1.

36.

This outburst

natural and effective at such a

L 14.

crisis.

divum, see on Danaiim,

dlvuiu

domus, 'home

of

our gods '; to the ancients the gods of a city were local, rather than all-powerful, deities ; Aeneas was now seeking a new home for the gods of his city, who were homeless like hiraself.
242.

243.

Dardanidum, for Dardavidarum see on 14. substitit, such a stoppage was omino^, according
;

1.

NOTES,
to anciGiit superstitiou.

47
'iii.
'

iitero,

from'iiot
'

detlere,

see

ca

1.

i.
'

244.

immemores, here
'

heedless

rather than
the

'

forgetf uL

see on L 33. in addition etiam, 'too, mentioned. fatis, either dat.

245. arce,
'246.
i.e.
'

to

wamiugs

just

for,

'

i. e.

to give utterauce to,

or abL

'

with,

'

'

in regard

to.

'

Cassaudra,

gif ted
her.

with pro-

phetic power

by the god ApoUo, who loved

As

she

proved faithless to her promises, he ordained that her prophecies shpuld never be believed. 247. credita, may be taken equally well with Cas>sa7idra

ur ora.
sitiva

The passive
Teucris,
4.

particiiile is

used as

if

credo were trau(E,C. 82. d.

\\.

'by
282.
b.

the

'i.

' dat. uot abL

H. 388.
248.

AG.

may

deum, see ou L 14. quibus esset,the subjunctive be explaiued in two ways, (a) as causal, explaiuing miseri, in that this was our last day,' (6) as concessive, opposed to festa velamus fronde, although that was our last
'
'

day.

'

(EC. 99.

g. iii

99.

i.

iv.

H. 517

515.

IIL

AG.

320.

e)

250-558. Capture and destruction of the

250-267. At night the Greek
horse are
Jriends.
let

city.

fleet

returns

the Greeks in ths

out hy Sinon, seize the gates,

and admit

their

Yertitur, Virgil's idea is that the sky is a hollow around the earth, and bringing darkness or light iu its course. ruit, see on L 9. 252. Myrmidonum, for the Greeks iu generaL 254 ibat, 'was advanciug, was on its way. 255. silentia, for the plural see on sovmos, L 9. The quiet of the night is given as much promiuence as the moonlight. Both of these aided the Greeks ou their way. [Others thiuk that the moon had not yet riseu, althpugh it is moon250.

sphere, revolving

48
'ight iu
1.

VIHCni,, AKNRII)

II.

340,

and that
]

it

was tho darkness, not the

liVht,.

that favored the Greeks.

256. reg^ia piippis, ?.e.

Agamemnon's, the leader

of the

both verbs go with extulerat laxat, cum, the principal verb being ibat. For the indicative with ctim see RC. II. 170. c H. 521. II. 1. AG. 325. b. The shif ting of tenses is due to the pluperf. being used to express an instantaneous act, and to the hist. pres. being used for
Greeks.
ciiiu

vividness' sake.
257. defensilS, i.e. from discovery by the Trojans. iniquis, to the Trojans. 258. utero, see on 1, 33. Danaoa et clanstra laxat, the verb has a different meaning as applied to the two nouns, the peculiarity known as Zeugma. The more regular meaning is that with claustra. 263. primus, foremost, first of all is a better rendering than princely, though neither is satisfactory. 266. portis, 'by thegates'; abl. of means. (EC. 85. a. ii. 267. conscia, meaning that they were aware of the plan and working in harmony with those within.

'

'

'

'

The spirit of Hector appears in a vision fo Aeneas, Troy is doomed, and bids him fii/, taking with him the gods of Troy^ to seek a neiv home. 268. priina, the first sleep is the deepest, hence the
268-297.
tells

him

that

sweetest

niortalibus aegris, Virgil has always a deep sense of the mystery and sadness of human life, which is here bronght into relation with the graciousness of the gods. The phrase also heightens our sympathy for the
(gratissima).

Trojans.
269.

(lono, ablativa

270. maestissiuius,

'in

the deepest

grief.

'

It is

rarely,

even in poetry, that Latin joins an attributive adjective to a proper nama (RC. II. 233. c. 272. ut (juondani, belongs to all the details of this line and the next hence to be rendered before raptat^s bigis. The

NOTES.
\vords

49

presented

imply that his present aiDiDearance was exactly that by hira when dragged at Achilles' chariot. For the events referred to in lines 272-278 see Introduction I. 273. trajectus lora, literally 'having the thongs put

through,'

freely,

'his feet pierced -vvith the thongs.

'

Virgil
sort of

sometimes uses the passive like the Greek middle

refiexive),

(a

-with the

same accusative that the

as the limbs of a dead

active

might

take

cf.

L 218, circum terga dati.

still alive,

tlimeiites,

indicating
'

that he was
274.

body would not

that

swell from violence.

illo,

that

'

or 'the,

'

with

much

the force of

other.

hun.

historical pres. the scene comes vividly before 'clad in,'literally 'havingput on himself,' another middle use of the passive 273. see on Acllilli
275.

reditj

iudlltus,

1.

on Ulixi, 1. 7. 276. puppibus, dat. see on 1. 36. Vessels in ancient times, when not in active use, were hauled up on shore, with the prows towards the sea the sterns would thus be the part firsfc attacked from land. 277. bai'bam, criues, with gerens. 278. vulnera, those received when he had been overpowered by Achilles. Homer says of the Greeks who crowded round the dead body "Nor did any stand by but wounded
irregular genitive
;

see

'

him.
279. ultro,

'first,

i.e.

practically in
offensive,

tlie

same sense

without waiting to be addressed as in 1. 193, where it is used of

;

as oioposed to defensive,
1.

war.

flens

ipse,

with
wifch

reference to
280.

271.

expromere, implying
lux,

that

the words

came
'

difficulty.

231.

rather than 'glory.

282.

common metaphor, here meaning Teucrum, see on 1. 14.

'

defence

in his

tenuere, understand te as its object. Aeneas seems dream to have forgotten Hector's death, and to think o

him

as merely long absent.

50
'283.

VIRGII.,

AENEIO

II.

nt,
see

'how,'
on
1.

exspectatej attracted by Hectoi^ from iioni. to voc. with what feelings,' not to be taken \vith defessi.
'

285. screnos,
9.

of

their usual

appearance.

For the
see

i^lur.

287. ille
inoratiil',
28!).

nihil, understand reapondit; 'heeds,' lingers over.'

lit.
'

on

42.

nate dea, goddess-born'

dea, abl.

see

EC.

85.

l.

i.

H.

415. II.

AG.

21:4. a.

his,

290. niuros,

more

indicating them.
than
urbem.

forcible

alta, with

Troja
291.

another reading datuni,

is alto, Avith
;

cxdmine.

understand est

as a legal term, used of giving

security for a debt.

dextra, abl. 292. possent, defensa fuissent, for subj. seeKC. 99. h. ii. H. 507. III. AG. 308. The difference in tense is caused by For fuissent in place the former verb implying at any time.
of essent see

EC.

97.

g.

iii.

etiain,

'also,'

i.e.

as well as

yours.
293. penates, the guardian spirits of Troy, conceived as guardians of the national hearth hence associated with Vesta, whose tmdying fire ensured the safetj^ of the cit^'.
;
'

'

295 niag^na,
viii.

incorporated in the relative

it

clause.

(EC. 93.

297.

effert,

would seem that Hector actually gives these

sacred things to Aeneas, and does not merely appear in the

dream
vision.

to do

so.

The appearance was more than

dream or

2^8-317. Aeneas aicakes, and finding rushes forth to gather his comrades.

the city in flavies,

'

either 'various sounds of grief,' or 298. diverso luctn, sounds of grief from various parts of the city. 302. excutior, pass. used as middle or I rouse myself

'

'

reflexive.

803.

aseensu supero,
cuni,

304. veluti

'climb to,' the comparison

lit.

'

instituted

gain by climbijig. is between

NOTES.

51

Aeneas and the shepherd. hut a further comparison "is implied hetween the din of battle and the sounds of destruction heard

by the shepherd.
305. flnmiiie,

'with

its

stream

'

the genitive

might have

been expected.
H06.

laeta,

phrase taken from

307.
it all.

'glad,' luxm-iant. boum labores, a Homer and meaning the ploughed not comprehending inscins, bewildered, dazed,' alto A'ertice, to harmonize with Aeneas' position.
\.e.
'

fields.

'

i.e.

309. manifesta fides, - the truth (or proof) is clear,' i.e. of [Another interpretation what was told him in the dreani.
'

supplies

Danaum

with

p.^les.^^

310. dedit

ruina:!i,

fell

crashing.

'

lit.

'gave a crash.'
effect of dedit

Notice

how

the position oi

ampla heightens the

Deiphobus had married Helen after Paris' death, and According to VirgiPs story his house was the first attacked. (VI. 494-530), he was betrayed by Heleu herself to Menelaus
ruinavi.

and was shamefull^' mangled 312. Ucalegfon, put for his house. Sig^ea freta, the Hellespont, so called from Sigeum. a promontory at the

entranco of the
313.
314.

strait.

lata,

expressive
is is

of the vastness of

the conflagration.

yirum, see on
'

L 14.

nec sat rationis, nor His action purpose (or sense).

tion
;

there

much

(lit.

sufficient)
reflec-

due

to passion

not to

cf.

aiuens,

ardent animi, furor iraque mentem j^rae-

cipitant, all expressing the

315.

same idea. bello, 'for war,' (EC. 82. c. prose ad beUum. 316. animi, poetic plural, see on

H.
1.

384. 11.

1.

3.);

in

cipitant,
317.

'drive my reason headlong. succurrit, 'it occurs to me,

sabject
is
'

9.

mentem

prae-

the thought comes to

'

me'
it is el

its

the clause pulchrum mori in armis,

that

a noble thing to die, etc. decorum est pro patria mori.

Compare Horace'

line,

didce

52

VIRCill-, AIONIOIU II.

318-369. Aeneas, learning

from

Panthtis

llinl

all is lost.

galhers a band of Trojans with ichom fo viake a lasl (lesperate resistance. As they advance, they find everywhere grief, terror

and

death.

318. ecee anteiii, 'but lo. Paiithus, a Grcek name, hence the ending fis and the vocative iu , 1. 32'2.
'

319.

arcis,

etc.

'thc

priest of P.

in the citadel,'

whcrc

several gods

had
is

their shrines.

diadys) one idea

a figure of speech (henpresented hy means of two ideas connected

'

By

by and.
320.
deos,

sacra,
is

either

sacred vessels

'

or perhaps the

same

as

which

to be understood of

Phoebus alona

321.

ipse,^

to be taken
Taken
'

closely with

manu

an indication

of the extremity of his peril.

(see

trahit,

another case of Zeugma

i
'

on

1.

259).

literally
;

expressive of his rapid flight

with nepotem, it is very with the other objects t can

liniiiia,

mean only
322.
lit.

'

bears.

ciirsu,

'rapidly, hurriedly.
'

'

of the house qiio.

which Aeneas Avas just leaving.

. .

.loco,

'how
(is)

stands the Avelfare of the state

'in

what

position

the chief interest.

preildilinis, 'are

seizing,' a remonstrance more livel}' than 'are we to seize,' though both imply that Panthus' flight shows that the only if this is given citadel the Trojans have is being abandoned up, no stand can be made elsewhere against the enemy. [Another less likely explanation for the line is to take it as an enquirj^ where the Trojans are rallying, 'where is the chief

we

contest?
323.

what stronghold are we

seizing?
;

']

324 the inevitable hour.' tempus, the verb is emphatic, 'have been,' t.e. 'have 325. fnimus, had our day, ' are iio more. Troes, is subject, not predicate. 326. ferus, emphatic, giving the reason for the action.

talia reddit, 'answeredthus' forindic. seeonL 256. summa, 'thecrowning,' i.e. 'thelast.' iiieluctabile

'

'

'

omnia,

'

all

power.'

Argos,

'

to

Arg-os,

\the

city

of

NOTES.

53

Agamt.^inon, typical of Greece. g. H. 380. II. AG. 258. 327. incensa, burning': its positiou would warrant our

For the acc. see E.C. 83.

making
329.

it

a separate clause in translating.

328. iiiediis

in moenibns, meaning the citadeL miscet, 'spreads, scatters.

330. portis,
331.

'at the gates.'

for tot

niillia

quot,

millia quot

the exaggeration

is

natural in Panthus' excitement.

effect of

magnis,

heightens
lit.

the

quot miUia.

332.

angusta Tiaruni,

'

the narrow streets,'

'thenar'

rows
steeL

o the streets.

333. ferri acies,

'

the keen edge of the sword,

'

the sharp

331. ueci,
'

'

'

for slaughter, actively not passively.

'

priml,

the foremost,

who might be
1.

expected to offer most resistance.

Evidently the guards of

266

who were
up

slain were those

actually on duty, others coming

to the rescue

when
'

the

alarm was given.

335.
blindl^^

fighting caeco Marte, 'in the blind fight,' i.e. because of the surprise and the absence of any pro;
'

spect of success.
336.

talibus dictis,

'at

revealed iu Panthus' words.

these words. as numine, The news of the loae of the citadel

'

has changed his purposa

340. 341.

per lunam,

ag"glomerant, understand se from 1. 339. 342. illis diebus, 'during those last days. (RC. 'by chance, as it happeued. forte,

'in the moonlight.

'

85. b.

iii.)

343.

iusano,

344 gener,
promised him.
345.

of disastrous anticipating the

it
i

effect.

relationship

that

was

subj. comijare
347.

qui non audierit, on L 248.

'

iu that he did uot heed.

'

For the

audere in proelia,

'be bold for battle.'

54
348.

VIUGIL,
siiper,

AEXEU)

11.

adv.,
'

'furtlier,'
still

'jet';

the^'

had
his,

already but Aeneas

these words, thus
349.
si
;

further incites them.

courage with
'

understand dictis. 'if your desire VObis, etc.

,

'

is

fixed to follow one

who

dares the utmost.

ent.

"With vohis
see E,C.
I.

(dat.

of possessor) under-

stand
850.

sequi,

for

infin.

101. a.

iii.

H. 533.

N.

3.

Sit, EC.
351.

99. d.

H. 529.
g.

fordat. seeEC. 82.

AG. 384. rebns, 'of H. 387. AG. 231.

affairs'

excessere, alluding to the belief that the gods abandoned a city on the point of captui'a See on 1. 241.
352.
tense.

quibus,

'

by means

of

whom

'

steterat,

notice the

353. inceiisae,

gains
is

of the line, before a pause

emphasis from being the first word see on 1. 327. nioriannir, rna;

niUS,
definite
354.
355.
;

moriamur

put

first

(although second in order of

time), because it gives the general idea,

which

is

made more

understand est. animis, they were filled with courage already, see 1347 Aeneas' words rouse them to fury. lupi ceii, for the monosyllabic ending see Introduction, V.
;

by in. .ruamm. una, *only,' 'one qnly'

357.

caecos, 'blindly
i.e.

'; cf.

1.

385.

358. siccis, 359.

thirsting f or blood.

niediaeque, etc,
H. 396. V.

'hold
215.

our course through the midst

of the city,' seemingly to the citadel.

81.
e.

For the gen.

see EC.

AG.

360.

cava, 'encircling,

enfolding.

'

The

darlaiess, that, in

spite of the moonlight, prevails

horror of
361.

through the city, increases the the struggle and seems to intensify the sadness of

the Trojans' position.

fando,

'

in words

'

cf.

lines 3

362.

explicet, possit,

for subj.
lit.

see

and 7. on temperet
'

1.

8.

364, plurinia,
less
'

'thick,'

'abundant.

inertia,
'

-life-

though many prefer to take it as meaning with reference to the women and children.
;

helpless,

NOTES.
365. religiosa,

55

ref uge

emphasizing the fact that nowhere was found from the slaughter. 3G6. daiit, 'pay. To the Eomans a punishment inflicted or suffered is a penalty exacted or paid, lit. given. 367. quondam, 'at times. victis, fordat seeEC. 82./. H. 384. 4 N. 2. AG. 235. . 369. iibique, understand e>st. plurima, with sing. like

'

'

our

'

many

a.

370402. Meeting a body of Greeks, Aeneas' foUowers c^it them doicn, and dressing themselves in the Grecian armor, adva-nce spreading destruction among their enemies.
371. credens inscius, ignorantly deeming us.
372. ultro,
373.

'believing
1.

us,

in

his

ignorance,'
1.

'

'

Inscius emphatic, see on

279.

353.

nam,

exactly as in
'

for,

'

'

why,' remonstrating.

sera,

'

sluggish,

liigering,' the effect ascribed to the cause.

374 rayiunt feruntque,

an

echo of the

common

phrase

prre

et

agere, denoting a complete spoliation.

celsis,

375. 376.

dabantur, note the tense, indicating a suspicious Vesitation where an immediate answer was expected. 377. sensit delapsus, perceived that he had fallen. If this be the literal translation, then deJapstis is for se delapsum esse ; the omission of se and esse is common, but the attraction of case rather rare and perhaps due to Greek influence. [Some take sensit absolutely, and delapsus as a participle used quite regularly, lit. having fallen, he was aware (of it). ']
'

a stock epithet without special force here.

'

'

378. retro,

unnecessary to the sense but adding emphasis.

'

cum

380. humi, better taken with nitens, from nitor not niteo
379.
;

voce, equivalent to and his voice as well. aspris, contracted for jss^^eris. qui, 'one

who

'

pressit
'

than with

nitens.
i.e.

as he struggles on,'

because of the brambles.

the former
is

pressit, refuarit,

the perf.

tense in
it

due to

its

being prior to refugit, in the latter

56
is

VIRGIL,
similar to the usage in
1.

AENEID

II.

12 (see note) and jiictnres tho

is

man

just as the convitlsive act of recoiling

of agitation (trepidns).
381. iras,

finishwl

and he

is tiul

'its

angryhead'; abstract
1.

for ooncret&

For

plural here and in colla see on

9.-

colla,

not the
57.

object of

tumentem, which
383.

is

intrans.

see

on manus L

et,

in prose would come before densis.

niur arinis,
ively
;

'encircle
302.

cf.

1.

clrcumfniKliwith arms'; the passivo used reflex[Some take arm is as dat. we rush from all
'

sides on, etc.']

885.

labori, 'effort';

for dat.

see

KC.

82.

c.

i.

H. 385.

AG.

227.

386. hic,
387.
385.

qua,

adverb. adverb.

fortuna,

'success,'

referring to

1.

388.

sequaiuur, EC. 98. a. H. 484. II. AG. 266 so mutemus 1. 389, and aptemus 1. 390. 389. insig:nia, especially the armor of the Greeks which was different from that of the Trojans, such as helmets and
(fortuna),
;

dextra, agreeing by not the reflexive.

attraction

A\ith

the

subject

shields.

craf t or valor

whether it be dolus and Tirtus, understand sit ; EO. II. 44. H. 529. 2. 3. 2. AG-. 234 211. d. H. 485. EO. 98. b. in, 'in the case of.' requirat,
390.
'

'

AG.

268.

391. ipsi,

implying also against their will.

deinde,

with

reference to the time of sicfatus.

392.

clipei insigne decoruin,

;

'the

beautifully blazoned
;
'

shield'

lit.

'

the beautiful device of the shield

insigne refers
shield.

to the device (usually of

394.

ipse,

some animal) embossed on the seems here to have the force of too.
'

229. c.)

AG. H. 38.5. 4. 3. Danais, dative (EC. 82. a. haud nuniine nostro, 'under auspices (lit. divine The Trojans had been abandoned by favor) not our own. their own gods (1. 351), and now by putting on.Greek armor
396.
i.
'

NOTES.

57

they seemed to te enjoying the favor of alien gods, but only

for

a time (L 402

j.

398. 399.

Orco,

to Pluto,
'

'

i. e.

'

to death

;
'

for dat. see

on 1.

36.

cursu,
32.

in haste.

401.

scanduut,

for

plural verb with sing.

subj.

(pars)

compareL
of the

(EC. 79. a. L H. 461. 1. AG. 205. c.) nota, suggesting that it is from unknown evils and the uncertaintj-

night they are

fleeing.

402.

This line

may

be taken equaUy

weU

as the last line of

'

one section, or the

first line of

the other.
101.

Alas, that none

'

may

trust at

aU

to the gods against tlieir wiU.

6.

See on L 396.

fldere, EG. nihil, adverbiaL AG. 274 Divis, dative.

403-4:37.

viL

539.

III.

At

la,st,

Aeneas' band
escapes
403.

is

vjhile attempting to resctie Cassandra, overwhelmed hy the Greeks Aeneas himself

;

and

goes to

Priam's

house.

Priameia, 'daughter of Pnam.'' templo adytisque, the latter is the inner Aeneas evidently had now reached the citadeL
404.

'

sanctuar}-.

common in the sense of stretchstraining 405. tendens, ing out the hands, and here put in place of tollens because looking forward to palmas, 1. 406. ardentia, in indignant
;
'

protest.

406.
*

areebant, so that she could not

'

raise

them

hence

confined, restrained, ' rather than

407.

non

tulit,

'could not bear.

'todi&'
b.

bound.
'

Coroebus was betrothed

to her, see lines 3 12-344.

408. periturus,

pare on L 38a
409.

(EC. 102.

densis armis, as in L 383. ] 410. hic prinium, implying that this was the beginning notice tum 1. 413 and e/iam 1. 420, answering of their reverees delubri, the same as the templo of L 404. to primum.
some, dat
,

For the attraotion in case comH. 519. 3. AG. 293. b. [According to abL, compare L 383.
L

58
411.

VlkGIL,

AENEID

II.

412.
245.
)

inlserrima, because caused by their own countrymcn. facie, 'because of, etc' (RC. 85. m. H. 416. AG. errore j ubarum, the mistake caused by, etc.
'

413.

gemitu .... ira,

;
'

'

with a cry

of

rage at the loss of the

another case of hendiadys. For the partic. suggcstmaiden ing an abstract idea see EO. II. 235. H. 549. N. 2. AG.
292. a.
'fiercest (of all)'; it was he who was Cassandra to make her his prize. 416. adversi, in the predicate with confligunt. quoiibursts forth,' the dam, as in 1. 367. rupto, 'when middle use. 418. equis, tlie winds are often spoken of fancifully as borne by horses or in chariots. 'all whom,' whomsoever,' lit 'if any. 420. si quos, 421. insidiis, heredoesnot mean 'ambush. tota urbe, EC. 85. k. il H. 425. II. 2. AG. 258. /. the Greeks with Ajax and the Atridae seem422. primi, ingly took Aeneas' foUowers for another band of plundering so that ereptae Greeks, disputing with them for the spoils (I. 413) means not so much 'rescued' as 'taken from them. 423. ora. .signant, 'mark the different accent on our

414 acerrimus,
off

carrying

'

'

L'ps';

lit.

'the lips differing in accent.

'

A
;

different dialect

rather than a different ianguage seems to be meant.

that is, Pallas or Minerva compare 1. 404. uiins, with the superlative, wnMs is intensive, like our very or by far. the gods wiUed 428. dis aliter visura, understand est otherwise than one would expect f rom his uprightness. ComTliis is another pare Heaven's wa^^s are not as our ways. instance of that quality of Virgil spoken of on 1. 268. plurima, 'great. 429. sociis,the ?i04<ror2?i of 1. 411. Compare, for the infiila, 430. labentem, 'in thy fall.
425.

divae,

'

426.
'

'

'

'

'

'

'

thought,
431.

1.

221.

extrema flainma, 'death

flames';

tha burning city

NOTES.
is

59
is

to his friends a funeral pile.

The appeal

far

more impres-

sive

than one to the Trojans aroiind him would have been. 433. vitavisse, the subject, me, left to be gathered from

the context,

changingblows), or 'chances

'encounter' (i.e. both possible render[Danauvi is by some taken with manu, not with tela ings. and vices ; in this case the comma is placed after vitavisse not
as often in poetry.

vices,

of war,' are

after

Danaum, and
ut caderem,

the position of

et is

as in
si

1.

383.]

434.

with meruisse.
reflexive use.

better taken with divelllmur, 'we tear

'

fata fuissent than

ourselves,' middle or

436. gravior, burdened' the comparative having really H. 444. 1. AG. 93. a.) (RC. 88. 6, an intensive force.
et,
'

'also.

'

tardus,

'stiff.'

Ulixi,

subjective

genitive,

dealt by.
437. vocati,

better

subject of diveUimur than as

plied.

clamore,

'

taken as participle agreeing with the an indicative with sumus supby the shouting not with shouts.
'
'

going ou, the Greeks trying

438-452. At Priam's liouse Aeneas finds a fierce stru,ggle to scale the battlements and toforce

the doors, the Trojayis resisting.

438. vero,
told,

indicating
is

that something important

;

that some crisis has been reached

cf.

11.

is to be 105 and 309.

pug^nam,
is,

depending

on cernimus,

1.

441.

nusquam, that

the struggle here

so intense that

it

seems impossible there

2.

should be any left to fight elsewhere. 439. foreiit, =essent (RC. 70. H. 204. 440. sic, looking back to ceu urbe.
. .

AG.

119.

Martem indomiafter the par-

tum, repeating the

enthesis.

idea of ingentem

pugnam,

under cover of a line of shields,' lit. The testudo was formed by the shields being held above the soldiers' heads so as to overlap and form a continuous cover which received its name from its
441.

acta testudine,

'

'the testudo being formed.'

60

VIROIL,

AENEID

II.

resemblance to a tortoise sliell. Tlio assault is tvvofold an attempt to scale the walls, 442-449, 458-468 and an attempt to force the gates, 449^50, 469 485. Both are referred to iu the words ad tecta ruentes and obseissum limen.
:

442.

sub,

hard
'

by, close to

'

the daring Greeks do not

seek out
443.

weak parts

to attack, but assail the wall

where

it is

strongest.

ad tela^

444. protecti,

'against, to ward the weapons.' 'to protect themseives 'thus

off
;

iit.

'

pro-

tected,' proleptic.

445.

contra, an adverb.
tecta

tecta

doinorum culmiua,
(as is of ten the

'the covered roof of the house,' 'tlie covering of the house

roof
' :

case in Virgil).
446.

and culmina repeat the same idea For the plural see on 1. 9. 'since. quando, the ultima,

'

'

end,

the

last

extremity.
447.
'

extrema in morte, on
'

the point of death.

'

telis,

as weapons,
448.

'

predicative.
,

veterum, etc. emphasizing the sadness of the posiwhere all that is glorious or dear to the Trojans is lost. 449. imas, 'beneath, i.e. at the foot of the walls, on top of which ara the defenders just mentioned. 450. obsedere, block, beset, to prevent their being forced in, In 1. 441 the same word is used of the beseigers. 451. instaurati, supply simt. succurrere, depending on instaurati animi. (EC. 101. a. iii. ) tectis, dative. (EC. 11. 56. H. 386. AG. 228.)
tion,

'

'

'

452.

Yim,

'

f orce.

453-468. Entering by
roof.

secret poster^i,

Aeneas mounts

to the

tower

is

overturned upon the Greeks below, but with-

out checking their attack.

453. linien erat, etc,

there

was an entrance by

(lit.

and)

a secret door

a wonted passage connecting, one with another,

the parts of Priam's palace, and a postern gate overlooked

NOTES.
(by the enemy).'

fil

The

fourfold terms describe one

lit.
' '

and the

same entrance.
fare,
'

Pervius usus,

the custom of a thorough-

a Virgilian way of saj^ing an accustomed thoroughf are. infelix, she was the widow of Hector (1. 270). dum reg^na nianebant, as in L 22.
455. often, time and again,' stronger than saej)e. inconiitata, it would not have been proper for her to go forth without her attendants, had not this secret passage made Priam"s and Hector's palaces practically one. 457. soceros, Hector's parents, Priam and Hecuba.

456. saepius,

'oftenand

Astjanacta, the Greek accus. sing. ot Astyanax (RC 49. cZ.) trahebat, he was too small to take equal steps nith her. The t<jwer 460. turrini, depending on aggressi, L 463. was level with the front of the wall, not back from it. snnimis tectis, 'from the top of the roof,' or perhaps with its

'

lof ty roof.

461. 462.

eductam,
solitae,

rising. supply sunt

'

it

agrees with the second of its

three subjects, Troja, naves, castra.

463. ferro, here meaning 'bars, levers. qua, etc, where the high floor showed feeble joinings, referring probably to the place where the tower was built into the roof of the
'
'

'

palace.
464.

convellimus,
altis,

time.

present tense of a labored action, taking

'

'

high, [or according to

]

some

'

deep,

'

as intensi-

fying the effort

465.

impulimus,

ruinam trahit, 'comes crashing down'; ct ruinam

L 310.

perfect

tense of a single

sudden

act.

dedit,

469-505. Pyrrhus at last cuts his voay through the doors into
the palace
iii

where all is confusion, and where the GreeJcs rushing have at their tnercy Priam and his household.

469.

Achilles' son, who,

Testibulum, the space before the door. Pyrrhus, on his father^s death was brought to Troy

62

VIRGIL, AKNEII)

II.

from Scyros, whtrehehadlwen living with his niother's fatlier. From his coniing late to tho Avar ho was called Neoptolemus (nen-icar), and to this Virgil may be alluding in 1. 473. probably rcferring to both his actions and 470. exsultat, his state of mind. telis et luoe aeun, hendiadys (see on 1. 319. ) f or Aveapons of flashing bronza to be connected grammaticall}- with coii471. in lucem, volvit, L 474, but so far from this "word that it practically is independent, 'coming to the light. pastus, 'that has fed upon,'middle use. The idea is that the poison of the serpent is dei'ived from noxious plants it eats, and that in spring it is most venomous. 472. frig^ida, with bruma not terra. tumidum, 'svvollen,'either of its size or perhaps with reference to the toi^por

'

'

'

of its late condition.

475. arduus ad solem, 'uprising to the sun.' This is not the same as in lucein 1. 471, which referred to its coming out from beneath the earth, while this suggests its greeting the warmth of the sun af ter the cold of winter. ore, in his

'

mouth.
479.

'

(EC. 85.

k.

i.

dura,

with

limina emphasizing the resistance to be

overcome.
480. limiua, here the doors themselves. perrumpit, vellit, present of an action in progress, i.e. an attempted action cavavit, L 481, the perf. of the finished act, the act succeeded in. cardine, instead of having hinges, the ancient door swung on a post inserted in sockets in the lintel and
;

threshold.
481.

aeratos,
1.

so rohora,
482.

482.

dedit
310.

notice the emphatic position (see on L 353) flrmaj with robora. feuestram, 'made au opening, dedit rui'

cf.

nam, L

lato ore, EC. 85. c. H. 419. II. AG. 251. 483. atria louga, the usual plan of the ancient Greek or Eoman house was a succession of large courts or halls with

smaller rooms lying on eacn sida

NOTES.

63

iSL veterum peiietralfa, the pathos heighten^ by the violatecl. had been respected by a loyal people for so many generations. 485, armatos, the guards of the palace. 487. miscetur, 'is all in confusion with.' cavae aedes, the inner chambers where the women of the household lived. 488. aurea, if this is not a constant epithet, itsforce must lie in the contrast between the distracted house of Priam and
suggestion that this privacy, novv ruthlessly

the bright stars where dwelt the ever-blessed gods.

490.

oscula iig^uut,
vi patria,

bj^ way of farewelL

his father's might.
'

491.

'with
'

Achilles

was

claustra, the bars that still remaiued after an opening had been cut in the door. -with incessant bloAvs of the ram. 492. ariete crebro, 494. fit via vi, 'forcemakes a waj-. adituSj the cogthe greatest warrior of the Greeks.
*

'

nate object of rumjjunt.

496.
is

uon sic, 'not so not quite adequate."

exiit, evicit,

(fiercely),'

implying that the simile

497.

the

perfect tense denotes the

moment

when the
power.
498.

river has just burst forth

and

is

at the height of its

'in a towering mass. nurus, must here include the fif ty daughters of Priam. per, 'among.' 502. foedautem, Altars were specially of Priam alone. That here polluted bj' the blood of priests or of the innocent. they were the altars of Priam's owTi hearth makes his death more pitiful. 503. illi, Homer tells of the fiity chambers in Priam's house for his sons and their wives, and fifty for his daughters and their husbands. spes tanta, that large hope. 504. barbarico, to the Greeks (whom the E-oman writers imi^ated) all not Greek were barbarians. [Some, looking to spoliis, talie it to refer to barbarian tnbes whom tne Trojans had conquered.

cumulo,

501.

'

'.

64

vmoiL,

aenp:ii)

it.

506-558. Priavi takes

np

ariits biit is

induced by Hecuba

to

fake refiige icith her at the altar.

Pi/rrhus riishes in jrursinnfj

Priam's son Polites, irho dies at his father''^ fe.et. Priam himself is dragged hy Pyrrhus from the altar and slain.
500.

slain
ask.'

quae fata, it is iinplied in lines 501-2 that he waf, here the story is told in detaiL you may requiras,

'

(EC.
uti,

98.

c.

H. 485.
'

AG.
1.

311. a.)

507. 508.

'when

so

ut,

520.

inedium, agreeing with hostem. not with penetraiibiis as might have been expected.
509.

increased
510.

Notice how the effect senior, 'the old man. by the juxtaposition of senior desueta trementibus.
'

is

umeris, dative.
cingitur,
see
'

(RC.
on,

II.

74.

H. 384.

II.

2.

AG.

225.

(7.

511.

'girds
'

'

the middle use (see on L 273).

fertur,

o an action only begun,

'advances,

makes towards.

moriturus,
512.

Virgil is thinking of the Koman house, nudo, atrium or chief court of which was a large opening in Underthe roof to allow smoke from the braziers to pass out. neath this opening was a space hollowed out to receive the rain, and often surrounded with plants.
in the to prove no prowith condensae, L 517. For the position of the preposition see E-C. 110. f. H. 569.
515.

on L bara

408.

nequiquam, the

altar

was destined

tection.

altaria circum,
263. N.

connected

II.

1.

AG.

516.

praecipites,

'

driven headlong,' agreeing with columfor suppliants to sit close to

bae.
517.

sedebant,

it

was usual

an

aitar.

518. ipsnm, even the weak and aged king, who would naturally have been the last to take arms for defence. sumptis, 'wearing. 5l'J. quae dira, what dreadful purposa
. . . ,
' ',

NOTES.
f 20.
cingri,

65

to gird yourself,' the passive used reflexively,

but not, as in L 511, -with the acous.

101. a. 521.
iii.

For the

infin. see

RC.

defensoribus ijtis, 'defenders such as these arms of rather than 'defenders such as thee. Not Priam's weakness but the uselessness of all resistance is meant, as L 522 shows. For the abL see EC. 85. h. l H. 414 I. AG. 243. 522. non, understand some words like defendere posset, or
thine,
'
'

egeret.

nieuSj

sho^n^ing

the mother's affection.

L

afiforet,

see

on L 440. (EC. 99. h. ii 523. concede, 'retrra' 524 nioriere, future, =

H. 510.

AG.

308.

recepit,

'drew.

moriej-is.

simul,

'with

us.

525. sacra longaeTuni, a sight that might win respectful usage from even an enemy. 526. Pyrrhi, at Pyrrhus' hand. (EC. 81. c. H. 396. IL
' '

AG. 214)
528. altar.

for all were gathered in the main haU at the 529. saucius, note the emphatic position (see on L 353). infesto Tulnere, 'with wound leveiled at him,' about to strike him. 530. jam jamque tenet, just catching him,' of what
Tacua,
i.e.

'is

is all

bnt doue.
CTasit,
'

Jam

repeated for emphasis' saka

midst) of

531. 533.

from the long corridors to the central hall.

(lit,

media in morte, 'in the very grip

death.

534 TOCi iraeque,

L 319).
535.
536.

'a
;

wrathful cry'; hendiadys (see on

at,

'

now,

'

oommon in
(EC.

indignant exclamations.
9.

di, from deus

H.

51.

6.

AG.

40. /.)

(EC. 26. H. 190. 1. AC!. 105. d. ) pietas, usually the regard due to the gods from men, here the regard that in. retum tlie gods should have tov^^rds men, i.e. justice or mercy. quae curet, translate

qua,

fem.

of qui (or quis) indefinite.

byinfin-

(EC.

99.

c.

H. 50a

AG.

320. a.)

GG
537.
483.

VIRGII.,

AENEID

II.

j)ei>olvaiit, reddaiit,

for

subj.

see

EC.

98.

H,

AG.

267.

The

line is of course ironical.

538.

cernere,

for the
101. a.

poetical construction of infin. for ut

iii.

*nd

subj. see

EC.

AG. 273^

c.

539.

foedasti,
;

to

touch or even to see a dead body was a

in the case o one's

pollutiou
510.

how much more

own

son.

quo, (EC. 95. /. i. 415. II. AG. 214. a.) ii. nieiitiris, Pyrrhus' answer 519.) shows Priam's meaning to be that Pyrrhus is an (1. unworthy son of such a father. 5il. iu lioste, as in 1. 390. Here in hostem towards an enemy ' might have been expected. After Hector was slain and drag-ged to the Grecian camp by Achilles (l. 272), Priam went secretly to Achilles' tent to ransom the body of his son.
esse,

satllin, suiJply

from

sero.

'

fldeiu,

'trust.
see

541. latus,
'

on

1.

2.

seuior,

as in

1.

509.

sine ictu,

without lorce.

545. rauco, seemingly an idle epitliet, though in an emphatic position perhaps it is implied that all the spear could do WciS to make the shjeld ring, it could do no damage. 516. ex, the usual reading is et, in which case repulsuvi of 1. 545 will be an indicative with est understood. nequiquam, not piercing the brass, but only the leatlier covering.
;

linibOJje,

is

the projecting point in the centre of the shield.

547.
ibis,

Pyrrnus, supply

respondit

see

on

1.

42.

referes,

the future with imperative force,

like degenerem
'

as often in English.

548. tristia,
^'iew.

of

1.

549 from Priam's poiut of

519.

550.

narrare, to tell of, morere, imperative

w. acc.

of

morior.

ipsa, very
'

'

;.

further sigTi of Pyrrhus' ruthlessness.

extulit, could mean either drew or raised,' perhapj lateri, ses on 1. 36. 551. liaec, supply erat. By ma.ny faforum is connect'?-;' with Priami, not with sorte. The difference is slight.
553.
'

'

'

including both.

NOTES.
555.

67

tulit,

'bore him

off.'

85.

taken as abL with superbum (EC. H. 416. AG. 245. ) by some as dat. (over, lit. for) with the whole phrase (EC. 82. /. H. 884, 4. AG. 235).
556. populis,

usually

m.

557. jacet,
still there.

the

present more pathetic, as though

it

were

Virgil refers to a legend that Priam's body was

exposed ou tbe shore near Sigaeum. 558. sine nomine, unrecognizable frum the absence of

tht;

liead,

aud

of

auy external mark

of houor.

559-804. Aeneas' eseape from. the city.

559-566. Aeiieas
househohl,
gone.

now and looking

in

horror bethinks him$eif of his ow:i

roiind

for foUowers, finds that

all ari>

559.

tum prinium, until now

he had been

full of desperate

courage.
560.

imagO, not a vision but the

thought.

only

very

vividly presented to him.

561.

suggested
aequalis.
563.
564.

aequaeyum, giving one reason why Priam's death the thought of Anchises. The usual word is
casus,
copia,

danger, 'force,' for

'

'

lit.

'

condition.
sit,

the more usual copiae.

for

subjunctive see ou L 350.

565.

corpora saltu dedere, have leaped headlong.

'

Com-

pare morsu. L 215, and lapsu, L 225.

566. dedere, 'havesunkinto' suppl^'- corpora with which aegra agrees. aegra, in their wretchedness, ' sick at heart Its position seems to indicate that it applies to those alone who had fallen back into the buming house those who leaped to the ground had more energy and were not so utterly

'

'

'

unnerved-

B8
567587. At this

VIRGIL,

AENEID

II.

moment

he espies Helen, the cause of Troy's

overthrow, trying to hide heraelf,

[Liiies

and

is

viinded to slay her.

567-588 are not found in most manuscripts, but few

]

editors doubt their genuineness.

567.

jamque adeo, 'and

;

so now.'

super eram,
called tmesis.

from
is

supersum
569.

this separation of a

word

is

Tyndarida, for the form

see

on L

457.

Helen

meant.
570. erranti,

Aeneas
way
632.

is still

on the palace

roof,

and is now

looking about f or a
the citadel
571.
till
1.

to descend.
'

He

does not finally leavp.

per,
'

over.

sil>i, with praemetuens.

of the Trojans.

enmity
572.

the overthrow of

infestas Teucros, 'the eversa ob Perg^ama, 'becauseof Pergamus. Compare on 1. 413.

'

526. Danaiim, subjective genitive; cf. H. 396. II. AG. 214.) conjugis, Menelaus.
1.

(EC. 81.

c.

574 ari9,-'at the altars.' (KC. 85. k. i H. 425. 2. N. 3. AG. 258. /.) invisa, possibly 'unseen,' repeating the idea But as that idea was so strongly brought out there, of 1. 568. a repetition seems unlikely. The other meaning, 'hated, 'a hateful thing, is the regular use of the word in Virgil, and is in harmony with the thought of 11. 571-573.
'
'

576.

ulcisci,

depending on
a.
iii.
; '

the idea of 'desire,

'

implied in

H. 533. II. N. 3. ) sceleratas, 'the penalty of guilt, 'vengeance on a transferred epithet [Some translate an impious punishment, the accursed one.
ira subit.

(EC. 101.

'

'

referring to the guilt of slaying a suppliant at the altar.

577.

scilicet, in bitter protest. patrias Mycenas, either Mycenas is used of Greece in goneral, as in 1. 25 (a view rather unlikely here because of the reference to Sparta also), or else Virgil confuses the homes of the two sons of Atreus. Menelaas was king of Sparta (having succeeded Tyndareus, Helen's
father),

Agamemnon

of

Mycenae,

NOTES.
578.

69

regiua,

while

the other Trojan

women would go

as

captives.

579. patres, 'parents'; compare soceros, 1. 457. Wemust not assunie that Virgil departed from the usual account, and meant that both parents were still living, or that she had more Aeneas is thinking only children than the one (Hermione) that she will not share the losses o the other Trojan women.
;

580.
68.
c.

comitata, H. 231. 2.

passive
AG.

force,

though deponent.

(EC.

135. b.)

Notice too the

abl. of instru-

ment instead
581.

of abl. of agent with ab. occiderit, This, with arserit and sudarit, refers to something prior to the time of aspiciet, ibit and videbit, and looked back upon from the same future time. 582. totiens, in the frequent battles on the plain before Troy during the siege. sudarit, for the fomi see KC. 66.

H. 235.
584.

AG.

128. a.

femiuea,

the

adjective equivalent to a genitive noun.

for

585. uefas,

abstract

concrete,

'the

abomination.

mereulis, with poenas, for the more usual de with abi. vengeance on one who deserves it. Another reading is merentes, agreeing w^ith lioenas, 'deserved vengeance, using a partic. strictly applicable only to the person compare scele'

'

'

ratas poenas,
586.

1.

576.

laudabor,

'I

shall be praised for having, etc.,'with

the sanie construction of infiru that might follow dicar.

ex-

plesse, for explevisse (EC.

satiasse,
1.

66.

H.

235.

AG.

128. a.), so

587.

587. ultricis

flammae,

the actual revenga

gen. with verbs of
AGt. 248.

the feeling of vengeance put for Translate the gen. by witli. For the
'

'

filling,

see

EC.

81. f.

iii.

H. 410. V.

1.

E.

588-633. His mother,

the goddess

opens his eyes

ruin.

to see tJie

Venus, stays his hand, gods destroying Troy, and bids him
his

seek safetyfor himself

and

family from Troy's

inevitable

70
589.

VIRGIL,

AENEID
'

II.

videndam, 'to
2.

view,'

to

mj^ sighi.
sec

EC. EC.

104.

c.

H.

544. N.

590.

obtulit,
II. 1.

for
AG.

the indic. with

325.
b.

cti^n,

II. 170.

c.

H. 521.

cloud, as

was so often

pura iu luec, not veiled in a the case when gods revealed themselves
for effect to the end of the clause.
'
'

to mortals.
591.

alma parens, kept

deani,
"

conlessa
stood.
'

'

confessing her godhead,

her godhead
se

manifest, literally 'confessing herself a goddess,' with

such mien and stature as, as fair and stately as. The gods were in stature, as in all other points, greater than mortals. 592. dextra, the hand with which he was about to slay Helen. prehensum, agreeing with me understood 'grasped
qualis et quauta,
'

under-

'

of

and held me.

593. roseo,

reminding
'

us of her beauty.

iusuper,

iii

addition to her restraining action.

quis tantus, what is this great that.' iras, on 1. 9. 595. nostri, gen. plur. 6t ego. (EC. 60. b. H. 446. n. 3. AG. 194. b.) As a goddess Venus uses the plural of herself. tibi, for dat. see EC. 82. /. H. 384. 4. N. 2. AG. 235. . Translate your regard for me. In neglecting his family, he was slighting Yenus, to whom its members 'were dear. 596. ubi, 'where. fessuui aetate, compare aevo gra594.
for plural see
'

'

'

vior,

1.

435.

334.)

liqueris, subjunctive. (EC. 99. d. H. 529. I AG. superet, Virgil often uses supero in the sense oi supersum. -ne, 'whether': strictly it should have
597.
;

so superet.

followed superet.
598. omnes, may be accusative with quos (which is governed by circum) or nominative with Oraiae acies. 599. ni resistat, 'did not withstand them.' The present for the regular imperf. as if to imply that her watchful care was still being exercised so tulerint for tulissent.
;

\)

NOTES.

71

600. tulerint, the perf. of an act vividly conceived as hauserit, already (but for Venus' care) accomplished. a rather bold personification. would have drunk (their blood)
'

'

H. 384. 4 X. 3. tibi, 'as you think'; (EC. 82. f. AG. 235.) facies, subject of ereWii, 1. 603. 'Itisnotthe .but the harshness of the gods that is overhated beauty.
601.
.
.

turning.
602. 603.

etc.

whom you blame, lit. blamed (by you). a culmine, implying utter destruction, as in L 290. 604 aspice, Venus, to show him that her words are true and that therefore it is useless to resist further, opens his eyes
culpatns,

'

'

to see the gods destroying

Troy

then, lest this unner\-e

him

too much, she bids him, in L 606, to have

she directs

(\.

619).

omneni,

-with

no fear in doing as nubem, L 606. obducta

;

tuenti,
tibi.

'is
; '

drawn over thy sight

'

tuenti

agreeing with

605.

arotmd you
606.

umida circum caligat, 'spreads its misty darkness umida agreeing with guae. tu, making the appeal more direct. (lua, compare
saxis, EC.
85. h.

on

1.

586.

608.
609.
ttTth

H.
this

413.

AG.

243.

mixto, in prose
>'eptunus,

would rather have been mixtum

fumum.

610.
of

appropriately the god who built the walls

for according to the legend he had been cheated of his promised reward by Laomedon, the king of Troy. Scaeas portas, lit 612. hic, answering to hic, L 608. the left, i. e. western gate, looking towards the sea and the Both the singular and the see on 1. 693. Grecian camp
'

Troy now destroys them.

'

plural are used

613.

by

Virgil.

prima,

used

as in L

334

socium,

indicating

her

friendliness to the Greeks.

61-5.

jam, calling attention

to the fact that even Pallas,

lately the protectress of Troy,

was arrayed against the

city.

72
arces,
6lfi.

VIBGIL,

AENEID

II.

wall also recall that lately she

had her temple

there.

respice,

Aeneas was novv on the point of leaving the citadeL niiiibo effiilg^eiis, 'gleaming from her storm cloncL'
is

The aegis or shield of Pallas, on which was the Gorgon's head, would, when shaken, call forth the storm and lightning.
[Another reading
617.

limbo, a border, here used of the bright

robe which Pallas wore.]

saeva, abl. with Gorgone. successful. secnudas, 619. eripe fiigam, 'hasten thy flight,' suggesting also the extricating of himself from the encircling foes. labori, 'the

Pater, i.e.

Jupiter.

'

struggle,
620. 621.

'

i.e.

the (now useless)

1.

toil of battle.

patrio limine, as in

321, of Anchises' house.

dixerat, see on 1. 705. se condidit, vanished.' 622. apparent, 'there appear,' forms,' not facies,

'

'

'faces.'

'presences.' A word chosen that denotes 624. tum vero, 'then at length his eyes were now opened see on 438. visum, understand 625. Neptunia, see on 610. The walls built by a god
623.

numiiia,

is

the exercise of their divine powers.

'

1.

est.

1.

mightbe supposed
selves

indestructible, but not when the gods themwere coinpassing their overthrow. 626. ac veluti cum, 'even as when. antiquam, suggesting the long duration of Troy's power. 627. crebris bipennibus, 'with many an axe. 628. eruere, infin. with instant, 'strive hard to over-

'

throw.
629. Notice the heightening of effect

by

repetition in treme-

facta, concusso, nutat.

see

comaui,

the

so-called

Greek accus.
1.

on

1.

57.

631. congemuit, Not the moment of

for

the force of the perfect see on

497.

its fall,

but the

moment

af ter its fall is

chosen for the picture in this line. traxit ruinam, as in 465. jugis, either 'on the ridges or 'from the heights'

1.

'

is

a possible rendering.

NOTES.
6B2.

13

descendo,

from the citEideL

'

the guidance o Heaven,

pare

1.

664j, yet it

ducente Deo, 'under while deo refers to Venus (comseems to be more iudefinite than dea.
f or

633.

dant tela, etc,

repeating

the idea ot

fiammam

expedior, but l>ringing out

more prominently the supematural

protection afforded him.

634-670. Aeneas, returning to rescue his household, cannot induce his father Anchises, weary oflife, to flee toith him, and
in despair is about to rush forth again to die in battle.
634.

perTeutum, supply
1.

est

'I

reached.'

(EC. 96.

b.

H. 301.
635.

AG.

146.

implying 'ancestraL' toUere, accounted for by lines 648-649. 636. primum, an adjective with 2Me?ft. (EC. 88. d.) 637. producere, the complementary infin instead of the more regular acc. with future infin. 638. TOS, emphatic, and rei^eated L 640 it implies, you by yourselves without me. qulbus, dative wilh est underautiquas,
Anchises' infirmity
is

here

'

'

stood.
'

(EC. 82.
is

g.

H. 387.

AG.
'

231.)
'

integer aeri,

whose blood
639.

not dulled by age,

lit.

untouchefl in respect

(EC. 81./. iL H. 399. IIL AG. 218. c.) solidae, predicate nom. suo, emphatic, 'itsown,' its naturaL 641. me, emphatic by position, as f or me the subject of ducere. YOluissent, EC. 99. h. iL 1. H. 507. IIL AG. 308. 642. servassent, compare satiasse, L 587. satis superque, enough and more (than enough) that I have seen, etc. In prose -we should have had satis superque est quod. etc. here the adverbs directly modify vidimus. una, emphasized by separation from excidia ; the plural is noteworthy. 643. excidia, poetic plural, see on L 9. The aUusion is to
ofage.'

'

'

'

'

the capture of Troy

by Hercules

in the reign of Priam'3 father,

of

Laomedon,

"vvho

had cheated Hercules

a promised reward.

74

VIHGIL,

AENEID

II.

superavimus, wiih the force and constructiou of compare 1. 597. (RC. 82. /. H. 384 4. AG. 235.
644. sic,
'

xiijfrsiim;

modifying ^JOsi^Mm, 't]ius,'i. e. 'asyon all imply that he must be regarded as already dead. Po7io is used of laying out for
see.

probably

positiim, aifati, corpus,

affoi- of

burial

the triple vale

'fareAvell')spokenby relatives
pile.

when
645.

the body was left on the funeral

hand' in the sense of but 'I myself by meaning that he will win death for himself by attacking the euemy. miserebitur, take pity, and so kill him. 646. exuviasque petet, a further reason for being sure of being killed. 'light, trifling. This is a very facilis, burial unusual expression for one of ancient times to use was a sacred duty, and the spirits of the uuburied wander, as Virgil tells us in Bk. VI., about the shore of the other world, longing to enter but forbiddeu to cross uutil a hundred years Only Anchises' extreme weariness of life aud the are past. strong resolve not to hamper liis son's flight can exi^lain the
ipse maiiu,

not

'by

suicide

my own my hand,'

'

'

'

strangeuess of his words.

647.

invisus divis, Anchises

was punished

for

having

boasted of Venus' love for

'eversince,' j^rob648. ex quo, a ably to be explained by adding tempore. 649. afflavit, 'blasted. Tentis, perhaps referring to an idea, held by some in VirgiPs day, that tlie lightning was due

him common phrase meaning

'

to a violent
'

wind rending the storm

cloud.

contigit,

struck.
650.

talia,

with

memorans, which

may

here be rendered

by
85.

'

in sa^-ing.

(E,C. eflfusi lacrimis, nos, Aeneas aud his men. supply sumus. From H. 419. III. AG. 248. R.) these words there is easily supplied some such idea as oramus, we beg, ou which the clause ne vellet would depend. (EC.

651.
e.

iL

'

'

99. a. 2.

498.

1.

AG.

331.)

NOTES.
653.

75
weight
to,' i.e.
'

ineumbere,

'

to lend fresh

to aggra-

vate or to bring nearer.

654 ineepto, depends upon in. The combination incepfo and sedibns seems to us strange in serious verse, but compare
L 378.
655.

feror,

meaning
;

rather

'

tum

'

than

'

rusL

'

It

expresses the impulse to have recourse to arms, not the actual

taking
despair.
656.

up

Eirms

cf.

L 668.

miserrimus,
former

because

of his

consilium, fortuna,

the

by human

foresight, the latter of -what is

of what Ls planned due to chance or the

intervention of the gods.

657. Notice the

peration.

mene,

me

abrupt change to the words spoken in desis made emphatic by its position.
ii.

posse,
658.

for pres.
;

infin. aiter s perasti see 'RC. 101. a.

sperasti, for speravisti. (EC. 66. H. 235. AGr. 128. a. ) sj^ero and sjjes are sometimes used of nhat is looked fomard to without pleasure or desire did you think.
;
'

659. 660.

tanta, animo,

'

this great.
abi.

local

periturae, makes
'

definite

the

force of addere.
661. isti,

'

such as you wish, referring to Anchises' words,

L 645.
662.

jam,

'soon.
'

the blood.' lit

663.

multo de sanguine, 'reeklng with (coming) from the abundant blood.'

'

obtruncat,

as

if it

were his habit to do

so.

Some

think the present

before the mind.

is

used merely to bring the past act vividly

664 hoc erat quod, 'was this the reason why'; quod an adverbial accus. (EC. 83. e. H. 378. 2. AG. 210. The impf. erat because he goes back to the time whfcn a.) Yenus fcnned her plan. 635. erlpis, the present as his rescue is (if he -will only have it so) still in progress. ut. .cernam, explaining hoc. 667. cernam, the present tense is not quite regular after
really

76
erat.

VIRGIL,

AENEID

11.

Possibly the present eripis intervening ma^' have causefl

the change, or the vivid roalization of a scene so near at hand

may be more
668.

proniinent than Venus' purpose.

meaning by this the day of death. For the subj. revisam, 'let me go backto. H. 499. 2. AG. 331. R. 2. without ut see EC. 99. a. 2. instaiirata, proleptic, as the battle would be renewed by him
lux ultima,
669. siiiite
' i.

only \\hen he had gone back

670.

translate

'

and reuew.

emphatic negative, as ouines, emphatic the others 'never' pften is in EnglLsh. may quietly await death, he will avenge himself beforehand.
iiuiiquam,

an

extremely

671-704 As Creusa

is trjjing to

dissuade her linsband

from

leaving her and his son lulus, a tongiie of fre appears on the This boy's head, foUoiced by thunder and a shooting star.
tolcen

of

diviiie

favor overcomes Anchises' unwillingness

to

leave Troy.
671. liinc,
use.

'thereupon.
dative with

'

acciugor,
insertabam.

reflexive

or middle

clipeo,

672.

insertabam aptans,
thrust was called

thrusting. .into. .adjusting

arm was
H.

was fitting,' lit. 'I was The strap through which the insertorium. The imperfect is used
it.
'

'I

of the details of his

469. II.
1.

uncompleted preparations.
in
1.

(EC.

97.

b.

673.

AG. 277. c.) ecce autem, used as

203.

674 patri, 'tohis father'; far more effective than mihi would have been. tendebat, was holding out, in appeal to
' '

his fatherly feelings.

675.

et, 'also.
expertus,
'

'

rape, 'carry.
befalls.
'

'

in

omnia, 'to
'

all

perils,' 'to

whate'er

676.

had experience

armis, 'in AG. 292. a.)

f rom what you have leamed, lit. 'having sumptis in during his recent absence. H. 549. N. 2. (RC. II. 235. taking up arms.
'

NOTES.
677.

77
criiel foe,

cui,

to

whom,' suggesting a
fate.

or 'towhat,'

suggesting an hon-ible

'I, once calleJ, etc. 678. conjunx, etc, relinquor, agreeing with the nearest of the three nominatives
'

680.

<lictu,-EC. 105.

b.

H. 547.

AG.
(11.

303.

oritur,

notice the change from the imperfects

671-679) describing

the situation to the vivid present.

681.

inanus inter,

etc.

'between the hands and faces,' an

moment
Inter ora

exact description of the child's position, implying also that he

was the

object of tlieir regard at the

'

might

also be rendered
682. leris,

light, slender. yIsus, supply es<. apex, the tongue or cone of flame is so called, from its resemblance to a long spike on the cap (called apex) vvorn to the touch by certain priests in Eom& tactu, see on dictu, 1. 680. molles, of the soft wavy locks of a child. 681. flanima, supply viaa est. pasci, the metaphor is not to be pressed, as tactu innoxia shows. 685. tre;)idare, historical inlin. so exciitere and restinguere. (EC. 101. d. H. 536. 1. AG. 275.); here, as is usual, expressing excitement
'

before the eyes.

'

683.

'

'

686.

sanctos,
caelo,

688.
1.

378.

690.

hoc

as sent from heaven. see on L 36. ctini voce, saying compare tantum, 'this my one prayer'; supply some
'

'

is

[Others connect aspice nos hoc such word as precor I ask. tantum, 'look on us but this much, making hoc an adverbial
'

'

'

accus.

691. deinde,

'

then, answering to the si clause.

'

lirma,

The Roiuans always looked for a second good omen to latify the fii-st if none came the interpretation might be in doubt if an evil omen came it neutralized the first.
'confirm.
' ; ;

692. SPnior, as in 1. -509. que, often used where cuin might have been exiiected translate when. 693. intonuit, impei-sonaL adverbiaL (E,C. laevum,
'

78
83.

VIKCIL,

AENEID

II.

AG. 238 ) Thunder in the cast was a H. B71. II. e. good onien. To the Ilonians, who faced the south in taking auspices, this would be on tho left to the Greeks, who faced
;

che north, on the right.

694 stella,
rit,

a meteor or
star';
here.

shooting star

is

meant.

ciicnr-

'shot.
illam,

695.

'the

'it'

is

not emj^hatic enough to

it glided.

represent
696.

7/a?)i

labcntem, 'as

Idnea silva,

possibly this
-vvere

may have

indicated the

direction the fugitives

to take.

are for picturesqueness' sake, not,

The other details given as some have thought,

having each
697.

its

interpretation as an omen.

sig^liantemque,
/ien<e?u.

to

be connected with claraiu rather

plur.

than with
698.

vias, poetic
'

'itscourse.
1.

late

circum loca, the region

'

dat Incem,

is

bright,'

compare dedit rninam.

all about.
'

310.

suifnre,

also
1.

spelled suljjhure, as in the vocabulary.

699. 309.
llic

vero,

se tollit ad anras,
'

'then, 'thereupon'; 'rises up,

'
'

compare
11.

<;/(

vero,

lit.

'raises himself to the

heavens,

i.e.

erect.

He had
'

evidently (see
fate.
' :

644 and 654)

been lying down awaiting his

701.

jam
go

iiulla,

no longer
'

for the repetition

;

otjam

see

on
'

1.

r>30.

adsnm,
'

am

there'
'

much more emphatic than

would be
nepoteju,
;

I shall

or

'I shall

follow

notice too the

present sequor.
702. patrii,

'

of

my fathers.'
,

the portent had

;

marked
703.

liim out as specially the

hope

of the family.

'under your divine protection Troy etc. Troy is not utterly lost or abandoned bj^ the gods she yet lives and has a future before her in the household of
vestroqiie,
'

stands.

Aeneas.
704.

tibi

emphasizing cedo and untranslateabla equidem, comes, 'as thy comrade, 'in thy company.

'

NOTES.
705-729. Aeneas, bearing his father
oii

79
his shoufders

and
sets

leading his son hy the

out, after

hand and

rvith his iri/e

foUowing,

appointing a meeting placefor his servants outside

the city.

705.
eiided.

dixerat,
aestllS,

the

jDluperf.

giving about the force of 'he not subject.

force.

706.

probably object of volvimt,

imperative
passive,
abl.

707. impoiiere,

with reflexive

cervici, for
708.

dat. see

iimeris,
1.

RC. 11. 69. H. 386. AG. 228. such a burden as you'; labor iste,

'

compare
709.

521.
'

quo cumque,- "however

sit, EC.
;

another case of tmesis, see

266.

on

1.

537.
98. .

711.

H. 483.

AG.

so servet.

longe,
ser-

for safety

ret,

comi^are the directions in the next five lines. here 'foliow or 'follow carefally.
'

712.

dicam, futui'e
'

indicative
'

a relative clause.

auimis

advertite vestris,
minds.
'

'attend to,

lit.

'turn towards with 3'our

the accus.

The common construction would have

urbe egressis, 'as
left the city.
'

tum your
713.

niinds towards.

3'ou leave the city,'

ii.

lit.

'to Ihose

who have
235. b.)

(RC. 82. /.

H. 884.

N. 8.

AG.

'solitary, lonelj^^rather than 'abandoned,' seems to have been the custom to place Ceres' temples in retired places. The epithet here is transferred from the temple

714. desertae,
it

as

to the goddess.
715.

servata,

717. sacra,
293. 718.

agreeing with cupressus. those entrusted to his care

for
.

by Hector

see

1.

me, 'as

iect ot attrectare

compare l. 611; strictly it is subme dig^ressum, who have just come from,
' ;
'

agreeing with me.

719.

nefas,

supply

est.

The

idea of pollution

by blood

is

80
comnion
water.
721. to all ages.

VIRGIL,

ABNEID

II.

Tivo,

purification had to be in running

'

subjecta,

'stooping.

'which bears the burden,'

is

lit

'placed beneath,' referring in thought to umeros as well as to

coUa.

The order is not the

is

logical ono, for it

only af ter the

covering
eolla,
722.

placed on his shoulders that he takes up his f ather.

see

for plur.

on

1.

9.

Tesle, pelle, these are one and the same (hendiadys, see on L 319); 'a skin as a covering, or 'the covering of a
'

super, adverb. insternor, middle or reflexive use. 724. se implicuit, 'grasped tightly. Notice the little touches of nature in this lina non aequis, 'uneven, i.e. not keeping step with his father conipare 11. 322 and 457. 725. opaca locoruiu, shady places coniyjare 1. 332.
skin.'

'

'

'

'

726.

me, object

of terrent,

1.

728.

It will be best to render

by the passiva
727.

non ulla, more forcible than nulla. ex, translate in. Latin uses ex or ab to denote
'

'

the

direction in which anything

it acts.

lies, lit.

the direction from which

729.
is

SUSpen^im, 'anxious,'

'in

my anxietj-.

'

Thisfeeling

due not to the chance sounds he hears, but to the responsibility and possible perils of his position. comiti onerique,his father and his son.
780-767.

and when

they

sudden alarm turns them aside froni the road reach the rendezvoiis, Creusa is missing.
to the city to

Aeneas hastens back

730.

loohfor her.

portis, see on 1. 36. 'to have accomplished the joumey,' 731. evasisse viam, creber, with sonito have passed over the way in safety. lus, though we should have expected to have it joined to pedum. 732. visus, supply est. Notice videbar, 1. 730, the imper-

'

'

fect,

giving a situation, while here the perfect narrates events.

784.

aera micantia, the gleam

'

of bromse.

NOTES.
735.

81

mihi, 'from me.' (EC. 81 b. L H. 385. 2. AG. quod, 'some,' with numen. (RC. II. 188. c. H. 529. 5. 3. AGr. 334 e. trepido, with mihi. male ami22i;i. )

nescio

cum, see
736.

on

1.

23.

bewildered.

confusam eripuit The two ideas,

'

meutem, 'took
if
;

my

reason

all

referring to the

same moment
lost his wits.

and

action, are scarcely consistent

probably confusam like

trepido pictures his state of

cursu,
737.

'

with all
'

si^eed

;
'

mind before he compare 1. 321.

agreeing

regione,
misero,
'

direction.

738.

dative,
(EC. 82.

with

mihi

understood,

H. 385. 2. AG. 229.) fatone erepta, The simplest way of taking this passage seems to be to ma.\i.efato erepta, in spite of the position of ne, apply to all
'Tetched me.
b. i.

three cases.
739.

substitit,

this

and the other verbs

of the line are

indicative in spite of the incerfum (est) following. a mixture of

the direct and iiidirect question.

verbs of motion the poets often omit would be found in prose. anti(uae, strictl^- of the temple compare I. 714. 743. collectis, abL absoL una, femin. nom. was missed by, lit. 'escaped.' 744. fefellit, from/a?^o ; 746. eversa urbe, compare L 643 747. Teucros, here an adjectiva 749. cingor armis, compare on L 520. fulgentibus, as if to imply that he was no longer eager to keep out of danger. Probably one of his servants had boi-ne the armor from the
712.

tumulum, after
it
;

ad in cases where

'

'

city.

750.
sedet,

stat,
1.

'I am resolved,'
;

my

purpose

is fixed"

compare

660

the subject

is

the infin.

clauses

following.

oninem,

rather

than totam, emphasis being gained by the

repetition.

754 obserrata, having the force of a verb co-ordinate with the eyes,' -with my eyes.' with sequor. lumine,

'

'

82
755.

VIRGIL,
aniiiio,
is

AENEID
ent
,

II.

understand
repeated

'fills

niy soul.

'

Another

leading
75fi.

animos, poetic plur.

forte,

the object of ierrent.

si

hope.

si tulissotj

'in

to indicate

how he
etc.
,

clings to every
'

the hope that,

subjunctive in
)

virtual indirect naiTation.

H. 528. AG. 341. c 761. porticibus, those of Juno's temple seemingly, Jiinonis, appropriately her temple is chosen by the Greeks whom she had befriended compare L 612. 763. Troia, a trisyllable. 764. adytis, dative, compare on 1. 735. 'of solid gold,' though Virgil has made 765. aiiro solidi, the adj. go with crateres not with auro, which is the abl. of AG. 244. c.) material. (EC. 85. /. ii. H. 415. III. 766. pueri, matres, these would be sold into slavery.
(KC.
II. 216.

768-804. While he is searching, the shade ofCreusa appears,

to

comfort

future,

him for her loss, to reveal to him something of his and to expfain her present condition. After in vain
to

attempting

embrace her, he returns

to the rendezvous,

where

a large body of exiles has gathered, and with mahes for mount Ida.
768.

these at

dawn

gests
773.

quin etiam, 'nay even. random and reckless cries.

quaerenti,
tectis,

'

jactare,

the

word sug1.

771.

'as

I searched,'

agreeing with mihi,

'

among

the homes.

the subsequent lines show that the epithet due to Aeneas' frame of mind, not to the lot of Creusa to him it was a sad sight. 773. visa, understand est. nota, abl. of comparison, larger than was wont, larger than in life. The ancient poets of ten speak of the gods or of the spirits of the dead as of superhuman size compare 1. 592. 775. affari, demere, historical infin. H. (RC. 101. d.
772. infelix,
'

'

sad

is

'

'

'

'

536. 1.

AG.

275.)

NOTES.
776.

83

what help is there in, etc. quid tantuin juvat, This line in most manuscripts reads te comitem hinc asportai-e ; for what reason has the transposition been made? est may be supplied, or fas may be regarded, 779. fas, Avith ille, as subject o sinit. ille, (EC. 92. c. H. 450. 4. AG. 102.5.)
'

778.

this is correctly used

to be taken with arandum (est); with aequor, but loosely, suggesting must be endured,' with exsilia ; compare on 1. 259. tibi,
780.

exsilia,

properly
388.

(EC. 82. d.
781.

H.

AG.

232.)

Lydius, according terrani venies, see on 1. 742. to many ancient legends, the Etruscans, living on the north bank of the Tiber, came originally from L^xlia in Asia Minor.
arva opima yirnni, 'the rich fields of mighty men' seems If the former, it better than 'fields rich in mighty men. probably recalls a phrase of Homer's f or tilled land, the labor of men (compare 1. 303), and suggests a land where agriculture is flourishing (to Virgil an ideal condition for Italy) if the latter, compare for the gen. dives opum, 1. 22.
'
'

'

res laetae, 'prosperous fortunes. parta, supply sunt ; 'have been won, the future lacrimas Creusae, 'tears realized as present in prophecy. (EC. 81. d. H. 396. III. AG. 217.) for C. '; objective gen. Probably the connection of thought is equally close with the
783.
784.
'

1. 787, and meaning 'such as I.' Myrmidonum, Dolopum, see on 1. 7. 786. servitum, supine. (EC. 105. a. H. 546. AG. 302. matribus, dative; (EC. II. 55. H. 385. I. AG. 227.) 788. deum, see on 1. 14. genetrix the goddess Cybele, a Phrj^gian divinity, who might thus apjDropriately save tne Trojan Creusa and add her to her train. me understood, the 790. lacrimautem, agTeeing with

preceding and the succeeding words. emphatic, in connection with 785. non eg',

object of deseruit.
792.

conatus,

supply

sum.

collo, dat.

(EC.

II.

74

84
H.
381. II.
1.
-2.

VIHdll,,

AKNi:iI)

II.

AG.

22.").

J.

daro vircnu\,~Ujr

rirriDiidare

compare
793.

21K
with romprensa.
as,' lit.
b.

frustni,

par, 'even H. 103. 2. AG. 89.

794.
795.
sic,

'equal

to.

'

siniilliiiia, EC. 13.

sonino, ver^' possibly Virgil has

sleep
itself.

in

mind a dream rather than

i.e.

thns bereft, sumining

ui> the situation

and

feelings suggested
797.

by the

last few lines.

surprise.'
sex.

adniirans, 'tomy

matresque virosque,

probably exliaustive of each

798.
233.

H. 384. 1. 3. AG. exsilio, for dat. see EC. 82. c pubeni, here seemingly 'apeople, not different from the matres virosqae. [Others take the three words as referring to three separate cbxsses, imhem being the }'outh. '] 799. auiniis opibusque, 'in heart and fortunes,' the latter including their equipnient and all they had saved. If they are a pitiful body of exiles, 'ready (to go). parati, they are resolute and strong. 800. velini, for subjunc. see EG. 99. e. i. H. 529. II.

'

'

'

the way by which. 342. pelago, 'over the sea dedueere, the visual word for conducting a body of Eomans hence to a E.oman the word would be very to found a colony

AG.

'

suggestive.

that this

jugis, seeon 1. 33. Luoifer, perhaps with a thought was Venus' star. aid given and aitl 803. opis, seems to be equally
801.
'

'

'

received.

804. cessi,

drew.

sublato, from toUo. It should be noticed with what art Virgil has brought this torbulent story to a quiet ending, and has sent forth his band of exiles: at dawn. as if to suggest a bright future before them.
'

implying both

'

I yielded to fate'

and

'

with-

VOCABULARY
TO

yiRGIL'S AENEID, BOOKS

I.-VI.

MARKS AND ABBllEVIATIONS.

The qiiantit}' of all vowels loiig by iiature has been markGtL Vowels not marked are to be couriidered short by nature.
?/'.

stand for

tcith.

The

otlier abbreviations are

common

and do not need explanation.

YOCABULARY.
ab-scindo, ere, -scidi, -scissum,
a. ab, (abs'), prep. w. abl., Jrom, away from ; on the side of, on ; after, since ; by.

cut

off',

tear, reiul.

abseon-do,
absent.

ere, -di, (-dldi), -dituni, couceal ; losefrom .<iight.

part.

m., an aneient kina: of Argros ; also one of Aeueas' comp.xny. ab-do, ere, -didl, -ditum, hide ; of a sword, plunge.

Abas, antis,

abs^ns, entis,

of

absnm,
re-

ab-sisto, ere, -stiti, ivithdraw,

tire
;

cease, desist.
;

ab-duc5, ere,

abstru-do, ere, -si, -sum, hide. ab-eo, -Ire, -ii (-ivi), -itum, go absum, abesse, ri fui, be fa r n irn y, /rom, go away, depart, vanish. be absent, be distaid be wanting.
;

-diixl, -ductum, lead or carry aicay ; draw back.

abs-tineo, ero, -tinul, -tentum,

kee^iback
refrain.

abi-es, -etis, {., Jir-tree ; the wood. ablatus, from anferd.

ab-lu/5, ere, -lui, awa/y ; purijy. abn^^o, are, avl,
detline.

Jir, i.e.,

ab-siimo, ere, -sumpsi, -sumptuiii, take

away

de.it roy,
;

consuiue.

-lutum,

ae, and, andfurther

u-ash

in comTjari-

atum,

refuse,
re-

Acamas,
rior.

sona than, as.

antis, m., a Greek warI,

ab-nuo, ere, -nui, -nutum,

fuse, reject.

acantbus,
plant.

m.,

tlie

acanthus, a

abol-eo, ere. -evl

destroy, efface.

(-ui),

-itum,

Acarnan, nanis,

adj.,

of Acar;

nariia (a proviuce in Greece) subst., an Acarnanian.

or

ab-ripio, ere, -ripui, -reptum, tear or carry or snatch away,

catch.

ab-runip6,
tuin, break

ere,
off',

-rupi, -ruptear asunder

sever, violate.

ac-cdo, ere, -c^ssi, -cassum, come near, approach, visit. accelero, are, avi, atum, hasten. ac-cendo, ere, -eendl. -eensum, kindle, set onjire; injtaine, excite,
rouse.

abruptus,

rumpo;

a,

in

um, part. of ababruptum, sheer

accessns, us, m., appiroach, entrance.

down.

VIROIL, AENEID,
5U'-cl(l6,
iiitti,

I.

-VI.

ere, -eldl, -clsuiii,

ri(f

acqul-r6.
gct, gain.

ere,

-sivi,

-situm,

liack.

liic-vingo, ere, -einxi, -cinctum, gird on, nrni o>ie'8 self with ; \n piiss. gird oiie's self with, gird on ;

Acrasas, antis, a
sea.

mountaiii and
tlie

make ready ; have recourse

a town in Siciiy. acta, ae, f., sea-shore, edge of

to.

jio-oipio, ere, -eepl, -ceptuin, receice, take ; licnr, lenrn; welcome.

acoltiis, us. m.,
.*iiic:.

Actius, a. nin, Actian, of Actium (a iiromontory on the west coast of

Grecce).

summons ;

(iii

a)<l.

oiily.
Jif
lii-,

aeiitus,

si,

um,
w.
af,

sliarp.
to,

UpCconinKKlo, are, avi, atuin, uccubo, are, avi, atuin,

ciiuch.

ad.

j)rc]).
;

sx'i'.,

towards

SK-cuinl>6, ere, -eubul, -cubi-

lam,

lic

on

recline.

Jw^'cuinul6, are, avl, atnin, Itsap up, load ; lacish upon.

on ; according to. adain-as, -antis, m., adamant. Adamastus, i, m., a Greelc. ad-dlc6, ere, -dlxl, -dietum,
aijiiinst
y/i;lil,

siirrender.

a-curr6, ere, -eurri -cncurrii, -cursuin, run fn, ha.-<tKn Jhrward.

acv-r, acris, acre, sharp viole7tt,tierce, keen, bitter.
;

ad-do, ere, -dldi, -dJtuin, add,

gice.

eager,

ad-dnc6, ere, -duxi, -ductnin, drawback ; tighten ; clraw.

ad-e6, -Ire, -iK-IvI), -ituin,
jjroach
;

<yj-

a, um, bitter, Jiarsh, ho.-^tile ; full of pain, sorrowful. act/nus, a, uin, of inapile, mapJe-. jicerra, ae, f., censer.

acerbus,

meet, attack.

ade6,

adv., so much, to such gree, so ; infact, indeed.

de-

adliibe6, ere, ul, itum, apply

summon,

invite.
;

oeervus, I, lu., Iieap. Accsta, ae, f., a town

adhuc,
in Sicily.
yet
;

adv., hither

hitherto, as

still, yet.

Acestes, ae, m., a Sicilian king. Achaemenides, ae, m., a companion of Ulysses. Acliaicus, a, um, Achaean, Orecian.

ad-iisro, ere, -egi,

,t'urce ;

-actnni, drtve,

hurl.

Achalus,
cian.

a,

um,

Acliaean,

Gre-

ad-iino, ere, -eml, -einptnm, take away. aditus, us, m., entrance, approach, access ; means of approach. l-^uvo, are, -jiivi, ad-iuv6. -juvi, jutnm, aid.
'letp,

Achates, ae,
Aeneas.

m., a

companion of

assist,

support.

adniiror. Ari, atus suin, gaze at icilh iconder, marvel at. Aclieron, ontis, m., a river of the lower world. ad-inltt6, ere, -mlsi, -mJssuin, tlie lower world allow to approach. admit, Acliilles, is, m., the bravest of
;

the Greelvs against Troy.

adinone6. ere. nl, itum, admonish, warm ; remind. ad-moveo, ere, -m6vi, -motnm,

Achilleus,
Achilles'.

a,

um,

of Achilles,

Aehivus,
cian
;

a. um, Achaean, Greas subst. in plur., tlie Greeks.

bear, bring

oXfer.

ad-nltor.

i,

-nlsus or

-nixus
;

Acldalia, ae,

epithet of f., Venus, (from a lavorite fountain, Acidalius, in Boeotia).

an

sviin, lean on, 2Jress 7q>on

strive.
to,

adno, are, avi, atuin,

float to. gice aasent
piroiMse.

sivim

jici?s. el,

edge (of a sword' line ofbattle, line, battle; keen sight.

f.,
;

ad-nu6. ere, -nul, -nutum,

;

nod,

VOCABULARY.
ad-oleo, ere, -olui, -ultum, crease, magnify ; sacrifice
offer.

into

aedifico, are, avl,

construct.

atum,

build,

Aejaraeus, a,

um,

Aegean.

Td-oleseo, ere, -olevl, -oltnm, grow up, matnre.

adoper-16, -Ire, -ul, -tum, cover. ador-ior, Irl, -tus suni, attack
attempt, undertake.

aegrer, gra, grum, ill, .nck, sickly, feeble ; toeary ; sad, sick at heart.

aemulns,

a, nm, emidotis vious,jealous.

en-

adoro, are, avi, atoni,

worship
;

adore,

entreat.
i,

Aeneades, ae, m., descendant of Aenuas. Aeneadae, arum, plur.,

the

Adrastus,
be at
assist.

comrades of Aeneas

the

Tro-

m., a king of Argos.

jans.

adsum, adesse, adful, be present, Aeneas,

hand
;

come forioard ;
n.,

aid,

ae, m., Aeneas, the hero of the Aeneid.

copper
a, um, of brass, hronze, ; the neut. as a subst., cop-

adulterium, i,

adultery.

aenus,

adultus, a, um, from adolesco.

carry, bring
ride, sail.
;

j)er vessel,

cauldron.
f.,

ad-veho, ere, -vexi, -vectum, Aeolia, ae,

pass.,

an

island

near

be

carried,
veil

Sicily.

advelo, are, avi, atum,

encircle, deck.

Aeolides, ae, m., a descendant of

Aeolus.

&dvena, ae,
turer, alien.

Aeolius,
Aeiilian.

a,

um, um,

of

Aeoltis

m., stranger, adven-

ad-venio, ire, -venl, -ventum,

cometo, arriveat, arrive, reach.

Aeolus,

I,

m., the god of the winds.

aequaevus,

a,
e,

of equal age.
;

advento, are, avl, atum,

rival.

keep

aequalis,
mates.

eqiial

as subst.,

coming, ajyproach. adventus, us, m., approach, ar-

aequales, companions, comrades,

aequ5, are, avi, atnm, make

smooth ;^nake equal ; dojustice to, measure, match ; keep pjace ivith ; equal ; aequatus, a, um. even, steady witn caelo, touering up to ; with velis, squared ; wlta rostris, abreast.

adversor, arl, atus snm, oppose,

refuse.

adversus, a, um,
verto,
opposite,

part. of adturned toward, facing, in Jront ; unfavorahte, opposing, hostile. adver-to, ere, -tl, -snm, turn towards ; with animum or anl-

aeqnor,

oris,

n.,

surfaceofthe

sea, sea,

surface, stretch waves.

tum, roll up. adytnm, I, n.,

mls, give heed to. advoeo, are, avl, atum, call, summon. ad-volv6, ere, -volvl, -voluinnermost part ofa temple, the snnctuary, shrine; also the recesses of a tomo. Aeacides, ae, m., a son or descendant of Aeacus. Aeaeus, a, um, Aeaean, of Aea
the
(in Colchisj.

aequus,

a, um, even, level equal impartial. righteous ; fair, friendly, propitious, favorable requited ; the neut. as subst.,

aequum,
hreeze.

I,

n.,justice.

aer, aeris, m., air, cloud, mist

aeratns, a,

nm,
;
;

made

of,

bronze

covered with, or bronze-plated.

of,

aerens, a, um, made

uith, hronze

or covered

bronze.

aedes,

is,

f.,

(sing.)

temple

aeri-pes, -pedis, hronze-footed.

;

(plur.)

house, court.

aerius, a,

um,

aerial

lofty.

VlIUilL,

AENEID,

l.-Vl.

aes, aeris, n., copper or bronze something macle of bronze, e.g. truinpet, anns. aes-tas, -tatis, f., summer ; sttmmi>r air or tceather. aestao, are, avi, atain, hoU,
seethe.

A^amemnonius,
Agameiiinnn,
tlie

a, um, n/ leader of the

m., a people of

Greeks

atiainst Troy.

AiEratliyrsI,
Seytliiu.

orum,

Affenor, oris, a king of Phoenicia and an ancestor of Dido.

aestus, us, m.,

heat,

surging Jire

surge, stir/ ; waves, tide.

agrer, ag^ri,
country.

m.,

land;

fleld

ae-tas, -tatis, f., age ; years, old age ; a iime, an age.

asPrer, erls, m., mound, heap, bank^ emhankment ; rampart, barrier.

aeternus,

a, u.ni,cternal,everlast-

ing, umlging.

agsrero, are, avl,

atum, zncrease^

aeteruuni, adv.,/or ever, eternally.

aetlier, eris, m., the itpper air, the ether ; the heavens, the sky ; heaven.

sweU. aff-)^er6, ere, -gessl, -j^estum, heap upon.

agrglomer6, are, avi, atum,

tach one's selfto,join.

at-

aetlierius, a, uni,

o,f the

sky or

heavens, hearenly, celestial.

Aetliiops, opis, m., aw Ethopian. aetlira, ae, f., the clear sky. Aetna, ae, f., a volcano in Siclly.

ag-srredior, I, -gressus sum, approach ; acrost ; attack ; attempt,

essay, undertake.

agitator, 6ris, m., driver, charioieer.

Aetnaeus,
Aetnaean.

a,

um,

of

Aetna,

aevuni,

l, n., age, years ; iime youth ; old age. affabilis, e, affable, courteous.
,

ag'it6, are, avi, atum, drive, pursue ; persecute, toss about ; rouse, hasten ; quicken.

ag^men, minis, n.,

rent,

train, band, curcourse ; movement, stroke; throng, column, army.

f.,

aiTatus, us, m., speech, mode of

address.

agna, ae,
recognize.

eice

lamb.

affeeto, are, avl,

seize.

atum^ aim

at

a-j2rn6sc6,ere. -gn6vl,

-gnitum,

affero, afferre.attuli, allatuni, bring ; witli refiexive, come.

agnus,

af-fisro. ere,
fasten
;

-fTxi, -fixuni, \n piss. cliny to.

rtii.ned

m., lamb. ago, ere, eei, act um, drive, impel, steer sena uj), raise ; do, make spenci, pass ; w. refiexive, present
1,

afflictus. a, uni, shattered,

ivretched.

afflo, are, avi, atuni, breathe upon, shed spire.

one's self, go bg, come forward; imperative, come ! up ! agrestis, e, of the country, rustic,

upon

bloiv

upon ;

in-

af-flu6, ere, -fluxl, -fliixum, flow towards ; flock in, throng in.
affor, ari, atus dress ; salitte.

snm, speak to, ad-

affore and afforem from

adsum.

rural, ivoodland. agrricola, ae, m., husbandmMn, farmer, peaaant. ai6. defective vb., say yes ; say, afflrm. Ajax, acis, m., the name of two waiTiors among the Greeks before Troy.

Africa, ae, f., Africa. Africus, a, um, adj., African ; as sulist., Africus, i, m., the southwest wind.

ala, ae,
heaters.

f.,

wing

iii

liunting,

alacer, cris, cre. eager, joyous. alatus, a. uin, winged.

VOCABULARY
Alba, ae,
Latiuiii.
f.,

7
a,
icis,

an ancient city

altemus,
turns
; ;

nm,
f.,

turn,

by

alternate.

Albanus,
as subst.,
Albait.

a. uiii.

o/ Alba, Alban

altrix,
altus, a.

foster-mother,

Albani,

oruiii, m., the

nurse, fostress.

nm,
;

albesco, ere, g/-ow white, whiten. albus, a, uiii, ifhite. Alcides. ae. ni.. a descendant of
Alcaeus, especially Hercules. ales, alitis, icinged. on wings sub.st.. m. or f., a bird.
;

pnfouijd
tuiii,
1,

n.,

lofty ; deep. neut. a.s subst., alheaven, the sky ; the

high,

deep, the sea.

alnmnns,
alvens,
hull
;

i,

as

I,

m., foster-ehild, son. m., hollow, channel;

ship, boat.
I, f.,

Aletes,
Aenea.?.

is,

m.,

companion

of

alvus,

belly,

body.

amans,
joram.

antis, pres. part. of

f.,

amo,

alienus, a, uni, oj another, an; foreign, strange, alien. alig:er, era, eruiii. icinged.

as subst., m. or

other's

amaracus,

i,

a lover. m., amaracus, tnar;

aliqui,
soine.

qua, quod,
al.^o

indef.

adj.,

amar ns

a, nm, hitter pleasant, painful ; sad.

,

tm-

aliquis, qua, quid, indef. pron.,

sohie one
;

Amazon,

onis,

as adj., some.

aliter,

Amazonis,
Iiaud
;

idis,

adv.,

otherwise

aliter, yut so. alins, a, ud, another, other

Xt\m., others
:

Aiiiazonius. a,
aiiiba^e.s, is,

an Amazon. an Amazon. uni, Amazonian.

f., f.,

i!i

f.,

circuit, icinding.

one

in sinjr., another ifrei)eated iu plur., some

;

turning : details of a gtnry ; mysiery, riddles, obscure oracie-i.

others.

amb-edo, ere.
ronnd, devour
;

-edi,

-esum,

eat

al-laijor,
to,

i, -lapsus snni, gUde come to. alli^o, are, avl, atnni. bind.fas-

consume.

ambigiuus, ,a, um,

ten
to,

conjine, imprison.
i,

al-loquor,

-locutus sam, speak

doubtfid, wn certain ; hesitating, icavering ; ob scure. dark, mysterious ; twofold. double.

-ire, -ivl {-iTi, -ituiii. surround, encircle ; enireat, icin
over.

address.

amb-io.

alinus, a. um. fostering, hountiful ; kindli/, gracious. alo. ere, alni, alituin or aitnni,
feed.

nourish, strength to.

ei,

sustain

gice

Aloides, ae, m., a son ofAloeus.

Alphens,
nne.

m.,

a liver in the
.//^'

Pelopjnnesus. Alplnns, a, uin.

tlie

Alps, Al-

ae. 6, iii plur. only, hoth. a, um, divine, immortal ; divinely beautiful. anins. entis, heside one's self, distracted,frantic; amazed. am-icio, ire, -icul '-ixi , -ictuin, tvrap around, cover, conceal. amictns. us, m.. an outer garment.

ambo.

ambrosius.

altaria, inni,
high altar.

u. plur.,

an altar, a

veil, robe,

covering.

amicns,
ainicus,

a, unu.friendly, kindly.
I,

alte, adv., on high, high.

m. friend.
,

alter, era. eruni. Ihe other

peated. the
oii>i

if re-

a-mitto, ere, -misi, -inis8am

let

tlie

other.

go

lose.

alterno, are, avi, atnm, do hy

turns. alternate plexed.
;

amnis,

is, m.,

stream, river.
love, cher-

waver, be per-

anio, are, avi, atnm, ish ; with litus, hug.

8
ainoenas,

VIRGIL, AENEID,
a, uni, jdeasant, lovely,

I.

-VI.
1, ni.,

Anius,
Delos.

king and priest o^

delightful.

anior, oris, m.. love, longingj desire ; a Inve-charm ; persomfied, Love, Cupid, the God o/ love. .^niphrysius, a, um, of Amphri/sus
(a

ae, f r)ido's sister. annales, ium, m. plur., history. anne, or ; (an with iuterrogative
,

Anna,
ne).

river in Tliessaly), Ain-

phri/siini.

annosus,
old, aged.

a,

um,

full of years,

ain-pleotor, i, -plexus suin, irind arouml, encircle ; embracc,

cliiiy to.

implexus,
cares.f.

us,

m.,

annus, I, m., year ; .teason. annuus, ji, nm, yearly, annual. embrace, Antandros, l, f., a to-n in Mysia.
ante, prep. w. acc, before
before,
; ;

amplins,

adv., more.

formerly,

ainplus, a, uin, large, spacious

splendid, glorious.

ante

quam see antequam.

sooner

adv., for

Amycus,
Aeneas
ciaiis.
;

I,

m.,

follower

of

also a

king of the Bebry-

antea, d(lv.,foriiier1i/, hifh/rfo. ante-fero, -ferre. -tuli, -latum, carry hefore ; prefer.

an, conj., or ; whether. two-headed, an-eeps, -eipltis,

douhle ; douht.ful, nndecided; duhious ; ica vering.

antenna, ae. f sail-yard. Antenor, oris, m., a Trojan. Antenorides, ae, m., a son ofAn,

tenar.

Ancliises, ae, m., the father of auteqnam, conj., sooner than, before. Aeneas. Antlieus, i, (acc. Anthea), m., a Anehiseus, a, um, o.f AncMses. follower of Aeneas. Anchislades, ae, m., son of Anchises.

antiquus,

a,

um,

old, ancient, he;

ancora, ae, f anchov. Ancus, I, m., Ancus Martius, iiingof Rome.

,

longing to ancient times

foui-tli

former.

antrum,

i, n.,

cave, cavern.

6, m., a Grecian also a son of Mlnos, king of Crete. Androinache, es, f., nnfe of

Androgeos,
leader
;

Aornos, i, m., Lake Avernus. aper, apri, m., wild boar. aper-io, ire, -ui, -tum, lay open
show, reveal ; open up ; iu pass. oi with se, appear, come in sight.
iincover,

disclose
;

Hector.

inuke

known

anguis,

angustus,

is, m., snake, serpent. a, um, narroiv ; neut. as subst, angustum, 1, n., a narrow place.

apertus, a. uin, uncovered,

clear, cloudless.

open.,

ap-ex,

-ieis, m.,

summit, peak;

anhelitas, us, m.,panting. anhelo, are, arvi, atum, jxmt.

tongue or cone offlame. apis, is, f, bee.

anhelus,
anilis, e,

a,

nm, panting,
old

lieaving.

qfan

woman.
blast

ApoU-6, -inis, appareo, ere,

m., the god Apollo.

ui,

itum, appear,

anima, ae,
animal.

f, air, wind. hreath, li.fe; spirit, shade.

n.,

aniinal, alis,

a living thing,

come in sight, be visible, be evtdent. appello, are, avi, atum, address ; call, name, proclaim, hail. ap-pell6, ere, -puli, -polsam,
drive

animus, 1, m., soul, mind, will, heart, impulse, feeling, inclinatioii ;

applic6,

courage

passion, wrath.

to, briny to. are. avl (itumj, jo27i to, bfing

(ul),
to,

atnii) drive to.

VOCABULARY.
apricns,
apto, are,
adjust.
;

a,

iim,

sunni/

Kiin-

ardnas,
height,

loving, baskinf/.
aA-I. atniii. fit,put on, equip, J'ur>iish ; /ashion,
fitted,

a, uni, high, lo.tty ,8teep ; ncut. as suljst., arduam, I, n., a

steep.

prepare.

arena see harena. arenosus see liarenosns.

areo, ere, ui. grov: dry, become

aptus, a, uin,
studded.

ittached

pa rched.
arens, entis, dry, parched.
Aretliiisa, ae,
Sieily.
f.

apud,
at.

prep. w. acc, voith, by, near,

f.,

aqna, ae,
aquosns,
u-et.

loater

stream.

a fountaiu in
silver
;

aqnilo, onis, m.,

a,
f.,

the north uoind.

argentum,
money.

1,

n.,

pilnte,

um,

watery,

rainy,

ara, ae,

altar, in plur.;

Arae,

Argivus,
Grecian;

a,

um,
a,

ofArgos, Argive ;

arnm. the Altn rs, a group of rocks

in tbe Mediterranean.

Argivl,
Argolic
;

mase. plur. as subst., the Argives, the Greeks.

Argolicus,
Arg^os,
plur.,

um,

of Argos,

aratrnm,

i, n.,

plough.

Grecian.

arbor, -oris,

f., tree, tcood ; something made of wood, mast, oar.

n. (only nom. and acc), also Argi, 'orum, m., Argos, a.

arboreus,

a,

um, of
uni,

city in the Peloponnesus.

a tree

tree-

Uke,branching.

arg-u6, ere,
prove.

-ui, -iitum, show,

Arcatlins, a, Arcadian.
neut. as suljst.,
secret,

o/ Arcadia,

arcanus, a. um,
mystery.

secret,

private
1, n.,

arcanum,

arceo,

ere, ul, enclose, conflne, lock, bind ; keep at a distance,1ceep ajar. arcess-6, erc, -ivi, -itum, call, surnmon, call vp. Areiten-ens, -entis, bearing a bow ; as subst., the archer-god,
Apollo.

um, dry, parched. ari-es, -etis, m., ram ; battering ram. orum, n., plur., arms, armor ; implements, weapons, tools, instruments, utensils ; tackle.
aridus, a,

arma,

armatus,
soldier.

a,

um,
;

part. of

armo,

armed, equipped

masc. as subst.,

armatus,
ing
;

1,

m.,

an armed man,
for plough-

armentum.i, n.,
herd, drove.

cattle

Arctos, I, f.. the constellation the two bears, hence, the north.
.

armi-ger, -gerl,m,, armor-bearer. of armipot-ens, -entls, powerful in

arms,
vjarlike.

Arcturus, 1, m. a conspicuous fixed

star.

armisonus,

a,

um,

icifh

ringing

arcns,
arch.

us, m., how

rain-bow
glottdng,

armor, ofthe clanging armor. armo, are, avi, atnm, arm, equip.

ardens, entis, burning,

gleaming ; fiery, eager.

armns,

i,

m., shoulder ; flatik, side.

ardeo, ere, arsi, arsum, burn, be ablaze ; glow, gleam ; rage, be

eager, long.

ar6, are, avl,

inhabit.

atum, plough;

tUl,

arrectus, a,
erect,

um,

ardesco, ere, arsi, take flre, blase up, attentive ; out ; be inflamed, be on flre. ened. ardor, oris, m.flre, heat ; ardor, ar-ripio, ere, -rlpul, -reptuuij
enthusiasm, zeal.
seize.

rising,

part. of arriffo, lifted up ; pjricked keen, eager, height-

10
ars, artis,

YIRGIL, AKNEID,
;

I.

-VI.
n.ttack.

art. .fkill f.. crn/t. ciinni)ig. tr/i'k'.

-fic-ia,

artijice,

assaltus, us. m.,

a.<>.'<ault,

as-sar<fo, ere, -surrexi, -sar

arti-fex,
arti.^^t ;

m..
;

cra/t^man,

rectum,

rise up, rise.

scltemer, plotter, trickstcr.

ast, conj., anothcr form of at.

artas, us,
the bodi/.
Jiiied
;

m..,joint

limh ; parts o/ a-sto,

-stare,
;

-stitl,
;

stand hy

or 7ienr

alight

stand, arise.

artiis. a, uiii. part of arceo, cnnclose. tiyht,

1,
11.,

narrow.
;

ai*Yum,
shore.

astrum, 1, n., to hmven

Astyan-ax,
Hector.

Jield

lancl,

region;

n stnr ; sub astra, ; in phir., tlie sky, heavens, Ji rmameiit.

-actis, m., the son of

arx, arcls,

f.. citadel, stronghold height, siimmit.

Ascanins,

1,

m., the

soii

of Aeneas.

asylum,

a-scendo, ere.-scendi, -scensam,

climb, mount, ascend.

ascensus, us, m., climhing, ascent. Asia. ae, f., Asia Minor ; Asia. asparffo (or aspergo), inis, f.,
sprinkling
;

i, n., plnce o/ refuge sanctuary. but. yet, still, hoioconj., or ast, at ever, moreover ; now. ater, tra, trum, black, dark, sad, gloomy. Atii, orum, m., the Atii, name of a

spraij.

Roman

family.

aspecto, are, avl, atam, look

npon, gaze
stght,
at.

aspectus, us, m.,

glancs. gaze appearance, look, aspect.

nifiged,
:

asper, era, erum, rnugh,

thorny
embossed
:

harsh, bitter,
roitghen,

Jierce criiel.

aspero, are, aTi, atum,

riijtte.

Atl-as, -antis, m., a faT)led kins clianged to a inountain in Africa. atqae or ac, conj., and, and alsn, and /urther, and in /act In comparisons, as, tlian. Atrides, ae, m., a son of Atreus. atrium, i, n., haU, court ; in plur.. more generally, halls, rooms, chambers.

a-spicio, ere, -spexi, -spectom, behold, see ; look on, regard ; coniider.

atrox, ocis,
sa vage.

cruel,

harsh, Jierce,

at-tingo,
;

ere,

-tii?i,

-taetum,

asplro, are, avl, atum, breathe

upon {trans. or intrans) smile on.
carrij awaij.

/avor,

touch, reach,Jind, overtuke. attollo. ere, li/t up, raise ; huild, rear, throio tip, heave ; with se,
rise.

asporto, are, avl, atom, carry,

m., a kinf^ of Troy aiiil g-randfather of Ancliises. as-sentio, ire. -sensi, -seiisum (also deponent), agree, consent,

Assaracus,

1,

attonitus, a, um, perf. part. pass. of attono. spell-bound, astounded, amazed, aived, con/ounded. atton-6, are. -ui. -itam, thunder
at, strike

with awe.

apjprnve.

attrecto are, avi,

handle.

atum,

touch,

asservo, are, avl, &tam, watch

over, guard.

assidue,

adv.,

continudlly,

con-

Atys, At yos. m., auctor, bris,m.../ounder

instigatnr, coniriver, surety, backer,

a young Trojan.
; author, counsellor;

staiitly, alivays.

assidaas, a,
stant.

am,

incessant, con-

audax,
e, adj., like,.

assimilis,

assuetus, a, am, perf. part. pass. ot assuesco, accustomed, trained.

audens,
audeo,

acis. botd, daring, courageous, gallant. entis, pres. part. of

bold, /eai^less.

VOCABULARY.
Auded, ere, ausus suni,
venture; be hold ur dariny.
dare,

J1
loind

auster,

tri, m., the south \n g^eneral, a gale.

n.,

audid,

ire, ivl,
;

itum,
heed
;

or liearkento quire into.

hear, listen examine, in-

ausum, I,
ant, or
;

attempt, daring deed.

either
;

aut ant,
hut,

or.
now,

aufero, auferre, abstnli, abla- autem,

tuui,
hear
aii:ai],

however

also,

shitt out, hlot

out

carry ojf; witli se, take

in-

again.

one's self ojf,

crease.

hurry aivay.

Autoniedon, ontis,
ioteer of Achilles.

m., the char-

angeo, ere, anxi, anctnm,

antumnns,
anxilinm,
ance
;

i,
i,

m., autumn.
n., aid, help, assist-

angur, nris, m. and

ang^nrinin,
n.^art

f.,

augur,

sootlisayer ; seer, prophet ; in appositiou as adj., prophetic.

1,

resources.

avarus, a, um, eager ;

greedy.

covetous,

o,f

divination

omen, siga,foreboding.

a-veho, ere,
C.

-vexl,

Angnstus,
aula, ae,
curtain.

i, m., the Octa\-iu3 Caesar. f.,

emperor

carry avsay, hear

be gone, depart.

-vectnm, away ; iu pass.,

hall, court, palace.

n.,

a-vell6. ere, -velll (-vulsij, -vnl-

aulaenm, 1,
Aulis, idis,

tapestry, hanging,

sum, tearfrom or away. Avernns, 1, m, a lake near Cumae.

to the m^-tli, an entrance to the lower world was here hence, the lower world,

f.,

aseaport of Boeotia.
air, breeze
;

According
;

aura, ae,
to light aloft.
;

hreath sky, hearen.s, npper icorld ; gleam, she3n ; ferre sub Anras, bring
f.,

hell.

ad auras,

up, on high,

Avernus,
neut.

phir.
n.,
;

anratus, a, nm,
tiith gold.

gilded,

adorned

orum,
Avernus

a, nm, of Avernus as subst.. Averna, the neighborhood of the lower world, hell.

aureus,
gilded
;

a,

gold, golden glittering, splendia.

um,

of

aversns,
ivith

a, nm, part. of averto, turned or turning away ;

arerted gaze,
alienated,
;

auricoinus, a,
hair
;

nm,

askance
hostUe,

es-

heiice, wita

toith qolden golden foliage.

trangetl,

un-

fritndly

far, remote.

anrig^a, ae, m., charioteer, driver.

auris,

is,

f.,

ear.
f.,

aver-to, ere, -ti, -snm, turn away, keep from, avert ; end.^remove.

anrora, ae,
personilied,

daion,

morning

Aurora, the goddess of

avidus,
avis,
is,

a,
f.,

nm,
bi}-d.

eager, longing.

dawn.

aurnm,
Italy.

1,

n., gold.

avius, a,

um,

Ansonia, ae,
Ansouius,
Italian.

f. a poetic

name

for

miite,

unl requented

subst.,

avium,

out of the way, re; neut. as I, n., an unfreI,

a,
-icis,

um,
m. and
hence,
i,
;

quented place, by-way.

Ausonian,
f, soothairector,

aA^uncnlns,
brother, uncle.

m.,

a mother's
for&-

ausp-ex,
saysr,

seer

avus,
axis,

guide,facorer.

1, m., grandfather, father, ancestor.

,

Husplcium,

n.,

divination,

augiirij. auspices

command, guid-

is, m. axle-tree ; pole of the lieavens, tlie heavens, sky ; canopy,

ance, airection, government.

vault.

n
baca, ae. f., herry. bacatus, a, uiii, set

VIRGIL, AENEII),

l.-VI.

bidens, entis,
rifice, victim.

f.,

animal for

sai'.'

tcith pearls.

biforiiiis, e, two-formed, double.

bacclior, ari, atus suin,

icor.ihip

blffae,
horses,

Bacchus ; recel. rage, rare,fly or run wildlii aboiit ; pnrf. part.

with pass.
in
tlie

aruin, f. plur., pair of span ; {two-horse) chariot.

bijujs^us, a,
twii-horse.

um,

yoked together

torce, revel.
I,

sought ov trodden
the j?od of \vine
;

Bacchus,
balteus.
cha.tm.

in.,

bilinsruis, e, double-tongued, lying, false, treacherous.

lieiice, vine.
l, ni., helt.

blnl, ae, a, two by two, ttco apiece

I,

barathrum,

n.,

riulf,

abyss,

a ]>air, two. bipateus, entis,

ways, double
;

opening wide open.

two

barba, ae, f., beard. barbaricus, a, um, barbaric,

foreign.

barbarus,

a,

um,

bipennis, e, tico-edged ; as subst., bipennis, is, f., battle-axe. biremis, is, f., a ve,<isel with two banks of onrs ; galley, ship. foreign, unbis, adv., twice.

civili^cd. .mcage,

barharous.

Barcaei, orum, m., the people of Bitias, ae, m., a CarthaginJan Ba rce, a town in Libya. noble. Barce, es, f., the nurse of Sy- blandns, a, nm, smooth tongued.
chaeus.

beatus, a,
fortunate.

nm,

hapjiy,

blessed,

flattering, ing.

caressing, soft, pleasf.,

Boia, ae,
Latium.

an ancient town io

Bebrycius,
cian.

a, um, of Bebrycia, a province of Asia Minor, Bebry'

Belides, ae, m., son of Belus. beilatrix, leis, f.. a warrior maiden ; as an adj., warlilce. bello, are, avi, atum, v:ar, wage war. beilum, 1, n., war, icarfare ; combat.

bonus, a, nm, good, kindly. Boreas, ae, m., the north wind.
bos, Ijovis, m. and
o.r.
f.,

bull, bullock,

bracchium,
brattea, ae,

I,

n.,

arm, branch

plur., sail-yards,

yards.

beiua, ae, f., beast, monster. Belus, i, m., the father of Dido a the di.stant ancestor of Dido
: ;

f., thin plate of metal, gold-leaf.foil. brcA-is, e, short ; shalloio ; neut. plur. as subst., brevia, ium, n.,

shoals, .ihalloics.

father of Palamedes.

breviter,

adv., hriefly.
ei,

bene,

Briareus,

m.,

hmidred-

adv., icell.

lianded g-iant.

l)enignus, a,

um, kindly, friendly. Berccyntius, a, um, of Berecyntus, a mouiitain in Phrvgia, sacred to Cybele, Berecyntian, a

l>i'uma, ae. f., the shortest day in theyear, the winter solstice; icinter.

Berecynthian. Beroe, es, f., the ^ife of Dorjxlus, one of Aeneas' company. blbo, ere, bibl, drink, drink in.

brumalis, Brutns, I,
tlie tirst c

o, icintry, oficinter.

m., L. Jtinius Brutus, jnsul of Rome.

bibnius,

a,

um,

thirsty.

bubo, onis, fem. in Yirgil, but regularly masc, owl, screech-owl. Butes, ae, m., lcing of the Bebry
cians.
,

bicolor, oris, two-colored, dappled^

VOCABULARY.
Buthrotuin,
Epirus.
1,

13

town

of

Byrsa, ae,
thsxsc.

f.,

the citadel of Car-

cau-men,
peak.

-niinis,

n.,

summit,
;

cado, ere, oecidi, oasam, fnll

set, sink ; drop, belowered ; perish, die ; sink, abate, cease, /ail ; /all out, happen, coine to pass.

caducns, a, um, fallen, slain, cadus, 1, m., large earthen

cask
;

Jar,

funeral

iirn.

calcar, arls, n., spur. Calclias, antis, m., a seer amoug the Greelis before Troy. caieo, ere, ni, gloic. oalidns, a, um, ivarm, hot. ofiliff-o, -inis, f., mist,fog ; darkne.ss, gloom. caliii^o, are, veil in darkness or gloom ; spread darkness. oallis, Is, m.,footicay, track, path. calor, oris, m., ivarmth, heat. calx, oalois, f, heel ; foot. Caniarina, ae, f., a town in Sieily. Camillus. l, m., M. Furius Camillus,

caecus, a,
ful.

blinded aimless, confused; hidden, secret, dark, obscure; uncertain, doubtblind,

violence,

um,

a famous

Roman.
;

camlnns, 1, m.,furnace, forge. campus, i, m., plain, jield levet surfare ; the Campus Martius,
outside the walls of

caedes, is, f., slaughter, murderous outrage.

cut dov:7i
;

Rome.

eanded, ere,
glisten
;
;

caedd, ere, cecidl, caesum, cut

slay, slaughter.

ul, be uhite, shine, be at a white heat, gloic.

snoto-

candidns,
u-hite
;
;

caelestis, e,

heavenly,

celestial

plur. as sul).st., m., the gods.

caelestes,

ium, candor,

a, um. tchite, fair, beautiful. oris, m., whiteness.

caellcola, ae, m. and f., a god. caelifer, era, erum, heaven-supporting, sky-bea ring.

caned, ere, ul, be white, gray. canis, is, m. and f., dog, hoi'nd.

canistrnm,
canities,

i, n.,

basket.
f.,

caelo, are, avi,

carve in
relief,

atum,

engrave,

em,

e,

hoariness

emboss.

; foretell caeluni, l, n., the sky, heavens, the tell of, proclaim, spread abroad. upper icorld. canorus, a, um, tuneftd, meloCaeneu.s, eos or ei, m., a girl dions, musical. changed by Xeptune into a boy. cantus, us, m., song, singing ; note, caenum, 1, n., mud,jilth.

gray hair. cano, ere, cecini, sing

caernla, orum,

n. plur., the

dark

blast, music.

blue sea, the deep. caeruleus, a, um, dark blue, seagreen, grejin ; dark, black, gloomy. Caesar, aris, m., Caesar Augustus, the tirst emperor of Rome.

canus,
able.

a,

um,

hoary, gray

verter-

capess-o, ere, -ivi, -itum,

seize

make for,
take, do.

seek

execute,

under-

caesaries, el, f., hair, locks. caesp-es, -itis, m., (cut) turf, sod. caestns, us, m., cestus, gauntlet,
for boxing.

capio, ere, cepi, captnm, take, seize, lay hold of ; reach, occupy ; ensnare, delude, deceive ; charm,
fascinate.

Capitolinm,
m.,
f.,

i,

n., the

Capitol, at

Caicus,
Aeneas.

I,

companion of

Ruliic.

Caieta, ae,
of Latium.

a to^rn and harbor

capra, ae, f., caprigenus,

she-goat.

a, kind, of goats.

um,

o/ the goat

14
captlvns, a,
dered
;

VIRGII,,

AENEID,

I.-vI.

um, capturcd, ])lunalso as subst., captive. capto, are, avi, atum, catch nt eagerlii ; listen to catch.

casus, us.
iiiishap.

m.,.fall, downfall, ruin; erent, chance ; emergency, crisis ;

misfortune,

calamity,

ajfflictio7i,

catena, ae, f., cJiain, fetter. ,?aptus. a. uin, porf. part. pass. of capio; as siilist., captus, I, Tii., caterva, ae, f., crowd, train, (ir capta, ae, f., captice, a throng. prisaner. Cato, 6nis, m., M. Porcius Cato, capulns, 1, m., handle, hilt. a fainous Roman. cap-ut, -itis, 11., the head, top, catulus, I, m., young dog ; whelp,
siiiiiniit
;

li/e; soul

i^erson.

cub.

Capy.s, yos, m., a companion of Caucasns, 1, m., a chain of mounAeiieas a king of Alba taiiis in Asia.
;

carbasus,

1, f.,

sail,

canvas.

carcer,
(j^^im.

eris,
l,

m., prison,
n.,

dun-

canda, ae, f., tailj Canlon, 6nis, m., a town

erii Italy.

in South-

carchesium,
goblet.

d rinking-cup,
hinge, turning
be icithout,

cansa, ae,
tive ; laiv.

f.,

pretext
is,

cause, reason, mocause or case at

card-6, -inis,
point, crisis.

ra.,

cautes,

f.,

rough, pointed
;

careo, ere, ui, itum,

rock, crag, reef.

be.free.from ; be deprived of, lack, miss ; give up, resign.

cavea, ae,

f.,

cavity
f.,

spectators'

seats,-theatre.

carlna, ae,

f.,

keel, ship, vessel.

carmen,

caverna, ae,
cave.

hollow,

cavern,

eavo, are, avl, atum, hoUoio otit, tation ; verse. make an opening in. Carpathins, a, um, of Carpacavus, a, um, holloiv ; emj>ty, thuf:, an island in tlie Aegean sea,
Carpathian.
vnin.

prophecy, response;

ininis, n., song, note spell, incan-

carp-6, ere,
pidl otf ;
ten on.

-sl, -tum, pluck, en.)oy ; prey upon, ivaste,

Cecropides, ae, m., a son o/ Cecrops, aii ancient king of Athens-,

in pkir., the Athenians.

consume; w. Viam, jmrsue, has-

carns, a, nm, dea r ; loving, fond. Caspius, a, um, Caspian.

ced6, ere, cessl, cessum, go, way, withdraw, depart ; give yield, submit ; fall to, com^ into
possession of.

Cassaudra, ae, f

a daughter of

Celaeno, us,
pies.

f.,

one of the Har-

Priam. cassus, a, um, wanting, deprived of ; in cassum or incassnin,

adv., in vain, vainly.

celehro, are, avl, atum, resort to in crowds ; keep holiday, hold a

festival
;

celebrate.

castellnm,
hold.
tise,

I,

n.,

castle,

strongchas-

cel-er,

-eris, quick, rapid.

-ere,

sivift,

fleet,

castigo, are, avl,

pjunish
;

atum,

chide, reprove.
n.,

celero, are, avl, hurry, quicken.

cella, ae,
f.,

atnm,
;

hasten,

Castrnm,
;

Fort (as proper namf) in plur., castra, ornm, camp, encampjment. castus, a, nm, ^mre, spotless
i,

storehouse

cell.

ceI6,
hide.

are, avl,

atnm,

conceal,

pious, holy.

celsus, a,

nm,

lo/ty, high.

VOCABULARY.
Centanrus,
ship.
i, m., Centaur, a faVmlous monstfr, half man, halfhor.se
;

15

Cliaonius, a,
ciiaos,

um,

Chaonian.

Centaurus,

1,

f.,

the iiame of a

empty

abl. cliao, n., boundless sp>ace ; personitied as a god

of the lower world, Chaos.

centum, indecl. iium. adj., hundred. Charon, ontis, m., of the river Styx centum^eminus, a, um, hnndredfold
arn'ed.
;

the ferry-man in the lower

(of Briareus)

hundredphir.,

^Norld.

Oeraunia, orum,
Cerberus,
dof?

n.

the

Ceraunian mountains, in Epirus.

i, m., the tliree-headi'd that fruarded the entrance of the lower world. Cerealls, e, of Ceres ; rvheaten ; -w. arma, for corn-dressing or muiJhxj bread.

Cliarybdis, is, f., a whirliKX)! between Italy and Sicily. Cliimaera, ae, f., a fabulous flrethe name of brcatliing monster
;

a ship.

chlamys, ydis,
scirf.

f.,

mantle, clodk,

chorea, ae,
eliorus,
1,

cerebrum,

chorus, choir ; band, troop. the goddess of cieo, ciere, clvl, cituni, move, agrieulture hence, cor7i, grain. disttirb, excite ; stir ; rouse, startle ; call upo7i, invoke, call ; cerno, ere, crevi, cretum, separate ; see, discern, behnld ; j)ercause, bring forth, utter. ceive, understand ; determine, de- cingo, ere, cinxi, cinctum, sur-

l, n.,

brain.

dance (in a ringj. m., dance fin a ringj

f.,

Cer-es, -eris,
;

f.,

cide.

routid, gird, encircle.

certiimen,
tion.

minis,
;

n.,

contest,

struggle, str\fe

nvalry, emula-

cingulum,

i, n.,

girdle, belt.

eertatim,
certe,

adv., emulously, eagerly.

adv., surely, truly.

certainly,

indeed,

circuitus, us, m., circuit. strive, vie ivith, rival. certus, a, um, perf, part. pass. of circulus, 1, m., circle, ring, circlet. cerao, determined, resolved ; cer- circum, adv. and prep. w. acc, tuin,fixed, sure, inevitable ; steady, around, about, near. true, ununfaltering, trustg ; circum-do, -dare, -dedi, -datum, doubted ; certum facere, to inj)ut or Jasten around ; surround, fonn, tell. encircle. cerva, ae, f., hiiid, deer. circum-fero, -ferre, -tull, -lacervix, icis, f., neck. tum, bear orrarry around ; turn round ; encircle, wheel round, cervus, i, m., stag, deer. purify. cesso, are. avi, atum, stoj}, cease, circum-flecto, ere, -flexl, -flexslacken, abate ; be idle. um, turn about. cetus, I. m., in plur., cete, n., seacircum-fundo, ere, -fudl, -fumonster, ivhale.
'

certo, are, avl,

atum,

contend,

cin-is, -eris, m., ashes. circa, adv. andprep.w. a,cc.,around, about, 7iear. Circe, es, (ae), f., a sorceress, daughter of the Sun.

ceterus, a,

um,

th^

rest of,

re-

sum, pour around ;

in pass., sur-

maining, other.

else.

round, encompass, encircle.

ceu, adv., as, like ; as ij. Chalcidicus, a, ura, of Chalcis, in Euboea, Chalcidian. Cliaon, onis, m., a son of Priam. Cliaouia, ae, f., adistrictofEpirus.

circumfusus, a, um. nart. of circuinfundo, surrounding, encirding, gathered round, encomjxissing, thronging about.

circum-plector, I, -plexus sum,

clasp or gird arourtd,

16

VIRaiL,

AENRin,

I.-VI.

cirt'u in-spioio, ere. -spexl, -speftum, look nhoi(t iqioii,

siirri'!/.

claustra,

orum,
m., nail

n.

plnr.,

har-

riers, bars.

eireuni-sto, -stare. -stetl, .iiirroiiml, stand around ; encompass,

encircle, beset.

henee, from similarity of sliape, tiller, rudder, helm. cliens, entis, m. and f., client, de-

clavus,

1,

pendant, retainer. oireuuitextus, a, um. part. of oircuintexo, wocen aroiiiid. olipeus, 1, m., sliield. olTouin-venlo. ire, -veni, -A'en- Cloantlius, i, ni., a companion of
tuin, surround, encompass,
circle.
eii-

AiMieas.

Cluentius,

circuinA-olo, are, avi. ktnm. fly OT Jlidter around, hover arouiid.

Roman

I, m., family.

tlie

name of

clrcum-volvo, ere, -volutuin,

revolve round, complete.
roll

rouiid,

iii

pas.s.,

1, m., a river in tlie lower world. oo-eo, -ire, -ii f-ivl), -itum, meet, gather ; encouiiter ; curdle, con-

Cooytus,

circus, 1, m., circle, race course. Cisseus, el, m., a kins of Thrace, father of Hecuba, Priam's wife. Citliaeron, onis, m., a mountaiii
in Boeotla.

geal.

eoepl, isse, ooeptus sum, begin. coeptum, I, n., undertaking, desi^n, purjwfe. ooeroeo, ere, ul, itum, conflne,
restrain.

citliara, ae,

f.,

harj), lyre, lute.

(citius, eitissime), cito, quickly, soon. citus, a, um, quick, sitift.

olvilis, e,
citizen.

adv.,

coetus, us, m., assemhly, company,

crowd,flock.

Coeus,

I,

m., a Titan, the fatlier of

o/a

citizen, civic.
f.,

Latona.

clvis, is, m. and

citizen, fellow-

c6j^natus,a,um, related (byblood),

kindred.

clades, is, f., slaughter, havoc, carnage ; disaster.

cognomen, minis,
naine.

n.,

surname;

cojsrnoiininis, e, having the sarne clam, adv., secretly, iinawares. name, bearing his name. clamo. are. avi, atum, call by c6-gn6sc6, ere, -gnovi, -gnlnaine, call itpon.

clainor, oris, m., shout, shouting ; cry, shriek ; applause ; noisc, din.

tum,
lect,

learn, hear oj, uiiderstand, knoir.

recognize

eogo, ere. coegl. oofietuin,

col-

clangor, oris, m.,

bla re
;

clang, clash,

noise, din.

claresco,
clearer
;

ere,

clarui,

groic

grow

louder.

tliicken, gatlier. assemblc : condense ; marshal, keep in line drive, compel,Jorce. colil>e6, ere, ul, itum, conflne;

Clarius,
Claros. a

restrain, check. a, um, Clarian, of town in loniacontaininf;: co-liors, -hortis, f., enclosure ma.sc. as troop, squadron ; baiid, multitude. a temple of Apollo subst., the Clarian god, Apollo. col-Iabor, i, -lapsus sum,/aH together, sink in, collapse ; swoon, clarns, a, um, bright ; clear, loud, faint. distinct ; famous, renoicned. Collatlnus, a, um, of Collatia, a classis, is, i.,fleet, squadron. town near Rome, Collatine. clau-do, ere, -si, -sum, close, ool-lig6, ere. -legi, -leotum,
;

shut

iip

shut

in, enclose.

claudus,

a,

um,

lame, crippled.

bring together, collect, assemble; w. arma, take ih sail, ree/.

VOCABULARV.
collis, is,
colluiii,
TCL,

17

hUl.
dhine, gleam.
neck.

complexus,

colluceo, ere,
1, n.,

us, m., embrace. eoiii-pono, ere, -posul, -posi-

tum,
agree,

jjut

together, build

settle,

collv\^tr6, are, avi, atum, light up ; surcey, examiiie. colo, ere, colui, cultuni, cultivate. till .inhahit ; hold dear, cherish ; honor, recere, keej).

arrange,

plan
calm.

compose,

settle, still, quiet,

composito,
-j^rehendi,
grasp. clasp

adv.,

according to
,

agreement, as tcas

agrejitl.

coiii-prehendo '-prendo
;

ere,

colonus,
settler.

I,

HL,

husbandman
;

-prehensum, seize.
recount, enumerate,

sum
comserpent, snake.
dove. stay.

up.
check,

color, oris, m., color, hue

jAexion, beauty.

com-primo, ere, -pressl, -pressuin,

repress,
restrain,

coluber, bri, m.,

coluiiibii, ae,
f.,
f.,

coluiima, ae,
coiiia, ae,
f.,

column, pUlar.
;

concavus, a, um, holloic, arched. coa-cedo, ere, -eessi, -cessuni,

depart, go aicay. leace, withdraiv, retire ; gice up, allow.

hair, locks, tresses

leaces.foUage.

conians, antis, xcith long hair crested, plumed. com-es, -itis. m. and f., companion, comrade ; attendant.

concha, ae,
trumpet.

f.,

conch-shell, conch ;

con-cido, ere, -cidi^aZZ, sink. concilio, are, avi, atum, unite

comitatus,

iis, m.,

retinue, train,

coinpany. comitor. ari,

concilium, atus suni, accomavl,

win, obtain, secure. 1, n., assembly, gathering ; council.

l)any, attend,folloiu.

commentlo,

are, commend, entrust.

atnm,

com-misceo, ere, -nilscul, -mtx-

tum

con-cipio, ere, -cepi, -ceptum, catch, become possessed by ; imagine. grasp ; conreice. concito, are, avl, atum, rouse,
excite.

iiiistum

mix, mingte.
fault.

coinmissum, I, n., offence, com-mitto, ere, -mlsl,

coneitus, a, uni,
stirred

-niis;

up

part. of concieo, rough, rushing.

svLnx.join ; engagein, begin mit. t ransgress.

com-

conelamo, are. avl, atum, cry

out
;

com-moveo, ere. -movl, -mo- conclu-do, tum, moce. stir ; disturb, alarm, close.
arouse, enrage. moce. communis, e, cornmon,
alike.

shout aloud. ere, -si,

-sum,

en-

con-cors,
shared

ha rmonious, friendly, peaceful, in concord.

-cordis,

ere, compsi, comptum, arrange, dress, pilait ; adorn. compages, is, f., Joint, seam, fastemng. compello, are, avi, atum, address, accost, speak to. com-pello, ere, -puli, -pulsum,

como,

concretus, a, um.
cresco,

part. of conhardened ; ingrained matted. clotted. con-curro. ere. -curri i-cucurri -eursum. run or rush together ; engage.Jight, clash.
,

concursus,
sembly.

us, m.,

crowd,

as-

drive,force.

com-pleetor,

i,

-plexus sum,

con-cutio, ere, -cussi, -cnssum,

shake ; alarm, arouse, panic.
st rike icith

enfold, emhrace.

compleo, ere,
up, throng
;

evi, etnm, Ji II, Ji II complete.

condensus,

a.

um,

crowded

to-

gether, crouching.

18
oou-do,

VmOIL, AENETD,

I.-Vl.

-didi, -ditiiin, ere, Jound, buildj estahlish, hriny iii t

nide, conceal close ; hury.
;

consanguineus,
hy hlood
;

a, um, relaied as subst., kinsinan.

f.,

treantire

up',

keep

consanffuinitas, tatis,
sliip, hliioil

kin-

relutionship.
ciiiiih,

confero, ferre, contuli, coHatuiii,

bring

tof/ether,
bi/

join

c6n-scend6, ere, -scendi, -^enb(i

\\.

^riiduin, icalk

one's side.

suiii, iiiount, rk on.

uscenil

em-

confertus, a, um, part. of con- conseius. a, uiii, conscious, privy fercio, crowded together, in clo.^a tii ; ciinjederute ; conscious of
array. con-ficio, ere, -fecl, -fectuiii (inf. pas3. confleri), accomjdish,
Jtdfil, Jinish
;

guilt.

c6n-sequor,

I,

-secutus sum,
pursue.
w.

wear
hare

out,

speml,
hi'-

follow,J'ollow

ux>,

waste, exhaust.

c6n-ser6, ere, -serui, -sertuin,

J'iisten ; tcpitve; Jiiin, engage in.

con-fido, ere, -f isus suni,

lieie in, liiqiejor,
triiHt in.

proelium,

con-figo, ere, -fixi, -fixuiii.

pierce.

consessus, us, m., assembly, o6n-sid6, ere, -sedl, -sessum,

sit iliiwn,

c6n-flteor,

eri, -fessus con/ess, acknowledgc.

suiii.

sink

settle,

lake one's seat ; alight take up one's abode.

i,

eunsilium,
design
;

n.,

plan, purpose,
;

con-flijSTo, ere, -flixi, -flictuiii, clash iogether, contend, sfruggle.

counsel, arlvice

council.

c6n-sist6, ere,
foot on
;

c6n-f ugio, ere,

fiigh.fleefor help or retuge, take rejuge icith.

-fiidi, -fiisuin,

-stiti, -stitum, take one's stund, halt, stop ; set

rest, uiiglit.

c6n-fund6, ere,

mingle ; heap together ; cunfuse, perplex ; hreak. congeni-6, ere, -ui, groan deeply, titter a groan. con-gero, ere, -Sessi. -gestuin, pile up, heap iip ; build.

c6nson-6, are, -ui, resound, ring. conspectus, vis, m., sight, view. c6n-spiei6, ere, -spexl, -spectuni, look at, guze upon ; see,
catch sight of.

c6n-stern6, ere, -stravi, -stra-

tum,

strew, cover.

con-gredior,
encounter,

l,

-jjressus suiii,
inatched with.
m., meeting.

ineet, be

c6nstit-u6,

ere, -ui, -iituiii, place, put, set up; decide, resolve.

-stiti,

congressus,

iis,

c6n-st6, are,

-statum,

con-jicio, ere, -jecl, -jectuni, htirl, cast, throw ; w. se, rush,

hasten, dart.

standjirin, bejixed, steady, settled.

c6nlfer, era, erum, cone-bearing,

coned.

c6n-sul, -sulis, m., consul. c6nsul-6, ere, -ul, -tum, ask

counsel or advice J'roin
;

consult.

c6-nItor, I, -nisus or -nlxus suiii, putforth all one's strength,

strain, struggle.

c6nsultum,
response.
.

I,

n.,

advice, counsel,

c6n-suin6, ere, -sumpsi, -sumpn.,

conjugium,

i,

union

mar-

tuni, consume, devour

spend, tvaste away.

ttse

up,

riage; husband, wije.

con-jungr6, ere. -junxl, -junetxxnujoin, unite. con-junx, -juyis, m. or f., husband, wije ; also one's betrothed.

c6n-surff6, ere, -surrexl, -sur-

rectum,

ri.<<e ;

grow

stronger.

contactus, us, m., touch. con-teiiino, ere, -tempsl, -temp-

c6nor, ari, atus sum,

tempt, undertake.

try, at-

tum,
dijty.

despise, Uold in

contempt,

VOCABULARY.

19
m., meeting, as;

conten-do,
hasten
;

ere,

-cli,

-tum,

conventus, us,
setnbly.

stretch, strain, draw ; direct, nteer ; shoot ; strive, endeavor,

struggle, contend.

contentus, a, um, part. of contendo, drawn tight, bended. contentus, a, um, part. of contlneo,
satisfied, content.

conver-to, ere, -tl, -suin, turn turn around ; direct ; chatige.

convexus, a, um,
neut. as sulist.,
holloiv.

conver, vaulted;
i,
;

convexum,

n.,

vault or arch of heavett, sky

conterreo, ere, ul, itum,

trigliten.

terrify,

convivium,
convulsus,

I,

r\.,feast, banquet.

convol-v6, ere,
;

-vi.

-utuin,

roll

con-tex6, ere, -texul, -textum,

neare
togetlier

together, roll up, coil.

build,/raine, con-

striict.

fon-ticesoo, ere, -tieui, becoine silent, behushed, hold one's j)eace.

a, uin, part. of convello, shattered ; burst open rent asunder, torn astmder.

con-tine5, ere, -tinui, -tentum,

hold.

together stug, stop.

restruin,

clieck,

co-orior, Iri, -ortus sum, arise, rise, spring up. c6pia, ae, f., abundance, jjlenty ;
ojij)ortii/iity,

leave

force, (genersottl.

con-tingo, ere, -tigi, -tactum,

touch
;

ally

iii

\)\\\\\)forces, troops.
n,,

reach, gain
befall,

iiiipers., lot.

: dejile, poUiiti', ; happen, be one.'s

cor, cordis,

heart,

Cora, ae,

f.,

a town in Latium.
;

continuo,
diately.

adv., forthwith,

imtne-

c6rain, adv., before, in one's presence, before one's eyes

in 2>erson.

con-torqueo, ere, -torsl, -tor-

Corintlius,
Greeco.

l, f.,

Corinth, a city in

tum,

turn, twist, hurl.

contra, adv., oppo.nte, over again.^t, against ; on tlie otlter hand ; in replg ; eontra, prep. w. acc, opposite, over against
;

corneus, a, uin, of horn. corneus, a, um, of cornel-tvood, of

cornel-trees.

against.

coi'nipes, pedis,
hoofed.

horn-footed,

con-tralio, ere, -traxl, traetuin, draw together, gather, assemble.

cornu, tis, n., horn ; yard-arm. coruuin, l, n., cornel-cherry,

Coroel>us, 1, m., a Plirygian, an ally of Priam.

contrariiis, a, uni, opposite,lijing onriiiiiiinst ; contrary, opposing ;

hostile. OAirerse,

con-tundo, ere, -tudl, -tusuni,

crush
;

eorona, ae,
wreut.h
;

f.

croivtt,

garland,

subdue, quell.
i,

circle.

coutus,

m., pole, pike.

I,

corono, are, avl, atum, crown,

ivreathe; surround.

conubium,

marriage, wedlock ; often in the plui*. of a single marriage. conus, I, m., cone ; peak or spike of a lielmet. convaliis, is, f., valley, vale.
n.,

corporeus, a, um, ofthe body. corp-us, -oris, n., body, fratne

./','/'"'<'',

.;

form

;,

dead. body, corjjse)

;

hulL eor-ripio, ere, -ripui, -repttnn,

seize,

in plur., the dead

stiatch,

stiatch

up,

catch,

conveeto, are,

collect,

briitg

in,

carry hotne. con-vello, ere, -velll, -vulsum, tear aivay, tear down, tcrench off.

con-vcnio, ire, -veni, -ventum,

cotne togetlter, assemble, yather.

; w. corpus, start up, spring up ; w. A-iam, spatium, etc, hasteit over, speed on. cor-rump6, ere, -rupi, -rup tuin, ilnstroy, ruin ; taint, spoil.

grasp

cort-ex,

-ieis, m., bark.

20
cortlna. ae,
oracle.
f.,

VIIUUL, AKNEIU,
cauldron, tripod

I.-VI.

Creusa. ae. f the wifc of Aeneas. orlmen. minis. n., charge, accusa,

Corus,

1,

m., the north-west

wnd.
shake,

tion
tlie

coruaeo,
braiidish.

are,

toave,

Crlmisus,

crime,fault, offence. i, m., a river in Sicily

river.

god of tlie

corusous, a,

um,

waving, flicker-

iiig ; flashing,

Corybantius,
baiitian.

sparkling. a, uni, ofthe Coryhanfes (prlests of Cybele), Coryi,

crlnis, Is, m., the hair, locks ; the tail or train of a shooting- star.

orlnitus, a. um, long-haireil. orispo. are, atum, wave, brandisli.

Corynaeus,
Aeiiea.*.

m., a comrade of

Corythus,
Cossus.
1,

1,

m., a

town of Etruria.
Cos.<ius,

erista. ae. f., creM, plume. eristatus. a. um, crested, plumed.

a Roman costa, ae.

busl.in.

m., A. Cornelius consul.

f.,

orooeus, a, um, suffron, yellow. orudelis, o, cnul. pitiless, mercird-hearteii blnody,frighlfiil.

lexs, rutlilt-ys, Iki
;

bitter,

rib
l,

side.

cotliurnus,

m.,

hunting-boot,

orudeliter,

adv., crueUy.

crassus, a, um. tfiick, clotted. crastinus, a, um, o/ to-morroic,

to-morrow's.

crater, eris. m., and cratera, ae,

f.,

a, um, bloody, raw ; of ruic hiile; fresh, sturdy, lusty, vigorous. eruentus, a, um, bloody, bloodstaiiied ; blood-red ; bloodthirsty,

orudus,

mixing-bou-l

oil-jar, cup.

murderous.

creatrix,

lois, li/e, iiwther.

f.,

one tcho gives

oruor, oris, m.,

oubile,
is, n.,
I,

blood, gore.

creber, bra, brum, frequent, inquickly vecessant, numerous, peated ; coming ciiticlc, thick and
fast ; quick, rapid ; as adv., again and again, fast. crebresoo, ere, erebrul, groto morefrequent ; freshen. cre-do, ere, -didi, -ditum, believe, trust,

oul)itum,

couch, bed. n., elbow.

suinmit,

eulmen.

n., top, roiif ; heiglif, jiiiiiiarle.

niinis,
f
,

eulpa, ae.
iceakness.
bla med.

fault, guilt, offence,

eulpatus, a,

um,

giiilty,

to

be

put

fnifli in ;

suppose,

think

contide, enfrust.

cremo, are, avl, atum,

consume. erepito, are. avi,

eulter, trl, m., knife. oultrlx, ieis. f., she icho dwells or
haunts,
mistress.

burn,

inhabitant

protectress,

atum, rustle, oultus. us. m,, tiJling, cultivation ; mode oflije, living ; dress, attire. crackle, rattle. crep-6, are, -ui. -itum. crack, oum, prep. w. alil., with. rattle, crash ; break with a crash. since, while, conj. when, cu Cres, etis, m., a Cretan. tum, both although /oum a nd. cresoo, ere, orevi, oretum, be born, arise.grow ; oretus. sprung Cumae, arum, f., Cumae, a city Jrom, descended from. of Campania, in Italy. Cresius, a, um, of Crete, Cretan. Cumaeus. a. um. of Cuniae, Cumaeaii. Cressa, ae, f., a Cretan woman. Creta. ae. f Crete, an island in ouniulo, are, avi, atum, heap

the Mediterranean.

up, increase; load.

Cretaeus, a, um, Cretan.

cumulus,

I,

m., Iimp, mass, pUe.

VOCABULARY.
conabala, orum,
lusitate. liiif/er.
n. plur., cradle.

21

oUJletor, ari, atus cuiietus, a,

tire.

sum,

delay,

Cyclops. 6pis, m., a Cyclops, one of a race of giants in Sicily, with

hut one eye in the centre of the
forehead.

um,

all, the tchole, en-

cnneus,

I, m., tcedge ; rowa of a thnatre, from their wedge-shaped divisions.

f.,

cycnus, i, m., sican. Cyllenius, a, um, of

;

Cyllene, a

cupid-6, -inis,

desire, longing,

eugerness, jms.non.

mountaiu of Arcarfia and birthplace of Mercury CyUenian. Cyllenius, i, m., the Cyllenianthat is, Mercury.
cynilia, ae,
f.,

Cupid-6,

-inis, m., Cupid, .son of

boat, skiff, bark.

botvl,

\'Knus and gixl of love. cupio, ere, ivi (ii), itum, desire, beeager, icish, long. cupressus, i, f., cypress. cur, adv., tchy?

cymbium,

1, n.,

cup.

Cymodoce, es, f., a sea-njTnph. Cymothoe, es, f., a sea-nymph. Cynthus, 1, m., a mountain
Delos. the birth-place

in

of ApoIIo

cura, ae,

care, solicitude, concern ; grief, sorrow, anjciety ; distress or pangs (of love^ ; task, duty ; object ofcare.
f.,

and Diana. cyparlssus,

Cyprus,

1, f., cypress. 1, f., Cyprus, an island in the eastern Mediterranean.

Cures, ium, m.,

Sabines.

f.,

a town of the

Cythera, 6rum,

n.

plur.,

an

Curetes,

m.. the inhabitants of Crete.

;

um,

most ancient

cur6. are, avi, atum, care for,

lieed

w.

inf.. care, trotible ;

take

island in the Aeg-ean, .south of Here Venus rose from Greece. the sea, and often \isited. Cytherea, ae, f., the Cytherean, thatis, Venus.

ca re of, refresh.

curro, ere, cucurri, cursum,

run, hasten : floic : .skim, glide over : w. iter, run or hasten on, spixd along. currus, us, m., chariot, car. cursus, us, m., running. race, passage, flight, course ; voyage, journey, track, direction, road.

Daedalus,

m., the mythical i, Atheuian artisan who built the Cretan labjTinth. damn6, are, avi, atum, condemn,
sentence.

curvo, are, avi, atnm,

curve.

hend,

curvus,
cusp-is,

a,

um,
r.

curved, winding.
f.,

-idis,

point

spear-

point, spea

custodia, ae,

f., watch, guard guardian, sentry. cust-6s, -6di.s, m. and f., guard,

a, nm, of Danaus, an king of Argos, hence, Grecian; as subst^, Danai, orum, m. plur., the Greeks. 'daps dapis, f., (regtdarly plnr.), feast. hanquet ; food. Dardania, ae, f., a poetic name

Danaus,
ancient

for Troy.

uatch, keeper, protector.

Dardanides, ae, m., a son or descenilant of Dardanus ; Trajan ;

the plur., Trojans. idis, f.. a daughter or descendant of Dardanus. Dardanlus, a, um, Dardaman;

Cybeie.
fjixldess

es,
;

and ae,
also

f..

a Phrygian mountaih in

Dardanis,
Troja n.

Phry^a.

C yclades, um,
islrinds in

C yclopius. a, um, of the

f, plur., a group of the Aegean sea. Cyclopes, Cyclopean,

"

Dardanus.

1,

m.,

Dardanus,

founder of the royal house of 'Xtoy.

92
ijurilanns,
Trojan.
a,

VIROIL, AENEID, 1,-VI.

uni,
.1

Dardaniun,

defensor, oris, m.,

tector.

de,fender,

pr6'

Dares.

etis. m.,
111.,

Trqjan boxer.

dator, oris,

giver.

de-fero, -ferre, -tnli. -latum, hrar, briny. carry ; hring news,

report, aniioitnce.

<le, prpp. \v. .\\A.,froni, doivn ,from ; o/. ititt 11/; ahnut, in rcgard to,

defessus, a. uni.

conccrninr/,

a.i to.

ilea. ae,
xididue.

f.,

goddcs.9.

del>ell6, are, avi.

.

atum,

conquer.

part. of defetiscor, tcorn oitt, uxary.Jafii/iwd. de-fici6, ere, -fecl, -fectuni, fait, be tcanting ; faint, swoon,
si}ik.

de-f ij?6, ere, -f ixi, -f ixum,

fiisten
;

Jlx,

<lele6, ere, ui, ituiii, ou-e : ought iii itass., be due. he destineil.

cust doicn.

del>ilis, e, weak, d.imbled, crippled.

defleo, ere, evi. etuni, weep over. deflu-6. ere, -xi, -xuiii, flow,
glide, fall

de-cedo, ere, -cessi, -eessuni,

depart,
withdraic,
retire,

down.
i,

slip

uway. deceni, ten. de-cerno. ere, -erevi. -cretuni,

decide, resolce, determine.

de-funj2ror, hiire done

tli

-functus
Jinish,

suiii,

icith,

pass
base,

rouijh.

desfener, eris,
igiioble, vulgitr.

degenerate,

de-cerpo, ere, -cerpsi, -cerptuin, decet,

jAuclc.

ere.

deeuit,

be fitting,

propier, seemly.

degro, ere, degi, pass, spend, lead. deliine, adv., hence ; thm, thereupon, iiext. de-liisc6, ere, -liivl, yawn.

de-cido, ere, -cidi, fall, fall down. de-cipio, ere, -cepi, -ceptunx,
deceice, beguile, betray.

dein or deinde, adv., tlience, tlienceforward ; thereupon, then ; next,

after that.

Deiopea, ae,
of a

f,

the
f.,

name of
priestess

Decius,
faniily.

1, in., tlie

name

Roman

nynipli.

Deipliobe,
Ap.llo.

es,

of

decl-jro, are, avi. atuin. declarc.

jjrocliiiiii.

Deiphobus,
down ;
lower, droop.

declino. are, avl, atuin, turn

aside, hend

de-jici6,
ca.^t

l, m., a .lon of Priam. ere, -jeci, -jectum, down, hurl dincn ; strike
;

decor, oris, m., grace, heauty. decoro, are, avi, atuni, adorn
hunor.

dnwn. slay
prire
of.
I,

ca.^t

in,

drive; defall

de-labor,
de-lig6,

-lapsus suni,
;

decorus. a,
tiug
;

um,

becoming,

glide down, descend

fit-

siooo)/

down.

comely, beaatiful.

ere,

-legl,

-lectum,
hide,
lie

de-eurro, ere, -eucurri or curri, -cursum, run down, hasten, speed along. decus, oris, n., ornament, adornment ; grace, beauty ; glory, honor.

chnose, select.

de-litesc6. ere, -litui,

hidden, lurk.

dedisiior, ari, atus suin,

duin. scorn.

dis-

Delius, a, uni, of Delos, Delinn. Delos, i, f., Delos. an island in tlie Aetrean, birtliplace of Apollo and
Diana.
Inis,
1,

de-duc6, ere, -duxi, -ductum, delphin,

conduct ; lead dnwn, launch ; force away, carry off. de-fend6, ere, -fendi, -fensum, defend, guard, protect.
m.,

and delpliiiius,
n, shrine, temjile.

i,

dctljiliin.

deliibruiii,

de-liido,
deceive,

ere, -Kisi, mock, delude.

-lusum,

VOCABULARY.
demens.
mad,
entis, out of one's
f.,

23

sensei>.

dist racted.

d^scinsus, us, m., descent. de-scribo, ere. -scripsi, -scrlp

dementia, ae,
deniissus, a.

madness, folly.
part.
loic,
;

um,

of

de-

tum, write down map out.

leave,

trace,

portray,
desert,

initto, lovered. danqling, hanf/inff

deser-6, ere, -ui. -tum,

down

downcast.

stihdned.

dejected, mournJ'ul

sprung from,

drawnfrom.
de-mitto, ere, -misi, -missam,
send doicn. let fall : sfied ; receive ; bring to port, put in. demo, ere, dempsi, demptnm,
take aicay, reinove
;

desertus, a, uni.

abandon. forsake. pnrt. of desero,

ahandoned dfserted, fiirsiiki-n. desert, itninlinhitKd ; neut". plur. as subst., deserta, orum, u., desert,
milderness.

dispel, allay.

de-sld6, ere, -sedi, s-ink down. desl^no, are, avi, atuni, mark
f-sii
,

Demoleos, i, m., a Greek cliief. out, trace out. demoror, ari, atns sam, detain, de-8in6, ere, -sivi
delai/, lini/er out.

-situm,

cease, leave

off'.

demnm,
ten.

adv., at length, at last.

de-sist6,
leave
off'.

ere,
desist,

-stiti,

-stitom,

deni, ae, a, ten at a time, ten each,

abandon.

denique.
aiiflior.

adv., at length, at last.

despect6, are, look doivn ujjon. de-spici6, ere, -spexi, spec-

dens. dentis, m., tooth ; flake of an

tum,
fast
;

look doivn itpon

despise,

slight, scorn.

densas, a, utn,
crowded

close, dense, thick, serried ; /requent, in; cessant, unceasing.

destin6, are, avl. atuni. make

design, destine, appoint.

denuntio, are, avi, atuni. onnounce, declare, Joretell, threatfn.

de-pasco. ere. -pavi. -pastuin. (als j dip. de-pasoor, i, -pastus

,

destru-6. ere, -xl. -ctuni, tear dowiu destroy, overthrow. de-snesc6, ere, -suevl. -suetum. disuse ; part., desuetus, a,

um,

disusetl

unaccustomed.
be vjanting,

axim, Jeeil ttpon, devour, consinn de-pell6, ere, -puli. -pulsum, drive atcay ; ivard off, avert. dependeo, ere, hang dovra. de-pono, ere, -posul, -positnni, lay aside. lay down : yet rid of. abandon. de-preliendo (deprendo), ere,
'.

desuni. deesse. defui,

be lucking
;

fail.

desuper,
keej),

from above ; above. de-tineo, ere, -tinul, -tentum,

adv.,

detain, hold.

de-torqae6, ere, -torsl. -tor-

-preliendi,-preliensum,
overtake
;

oatch,

surprise.
,

ere, -prompsi, de-pr6m 6 -promptum, draw forth or out.

de-rigpesc6, ere, -rig^ui, became stiff, become set or Jixed; curdle,
freeze.

tnm, turn aside ; hend. turn. de-trali6, ere, -travi. -traetuin, drag off' ; take aivay. de-trud6, ere, -trusl, -trusum,
push off, thrust dotvn. deturbo, are, avi, atum, hurl ur
fling doicn
;

drive out, rout

otit.

de-ripio, ere, -ripui, -reptum,

tear
off',

tear aicay.

deus, I, m., god, deity. de-venio, Ire, -venl, -ventuni, come or go doicn ; reach, come or
go
to.

de8aev-i6, ire, -il, ragefiercely. de-scend6, ere, -scendi, -scensnm, go down, come down, climb
down, descend ; sink in, penetrate ; lower one'8 self, aink.

devol6,
doirn.

are,

avi,

atum,

fly

de-volv6, ere,

-volvi,

-volu-

tum,

roll dotvn.

24
devote,

VIRGIL, AENEII),

I.

-VI.
ji.

de-voveo, fre, -vovi, -votuiii,

doom. dexter, era, erum, or tra, truni, the ri(/ht, the right-hand, on thc
rii/ht

di^niis,

nm,
I,

woi-thy, deservtng

stiituble.jif, meet,

proper.

dl-srredior,
di{?ressus, parture.
dl-liilior,
i,

-gressus sum, go
deglid.e

away, depart.
us, m., parting,

dexteroitH,

skilfut

fair,

propitious ; fem. as subst., the right hand. Diana, ae, f., the soddess of hiintiiiK, of the moon, and (under the name of Hecate) of the lower world, the sister of Apollo. dicio, onis, f., sivay, dominion,
/avorable,

-lapsus sum,
away.
i^art.

awiiji, vanisli

dilectus, a,

um,

of dili^o,

loved, beloved, dear.

dl-mitto, ere, -misl, -missum,

send out, send awi:y.

power, lordship. dico, are, avl, atum. give up, set apart, assign ; dedicate, consecrate.

dl-moveo, ere, -movi, -motuni,

more
aside,
roll
,

aivay, diipierse,

sciitter.

dieo, ere,

dixi,

dictum,

say,

dlnuniero, are, avi, atuin, count,

reckon.

Dictaeus, a,

speak. tell ; bid, order ; speak o/, ceiebrate ; call, navie. of Dicte, a mountaiu \n Grete; lience, Oretan.

Diomedes,
Troy.

um,

is, m., son of Tydeus. one of the Greek chieftains before

dictum,
7nund.

I,

n., ivord,

speech,

com-

Dionaeus,
Diores,
rades.

Did-6,
f.,

-vis, or -onis (acc. Dido), the founder and queen of Carthage.

a, um, Dionaean, of Dione, the mother of Venus. is, m., one of Aeneas' comf.

Dlrae, aruni,
aim, turn.

plur., th^ Furies.

di-dueo, ere, -duxi, -duetum,

dratv apart. part, separate
tract.
;

dis-

dl-rigo, ere, -rexl, -rectuni, arrange, array ; guide, direct,

Didymaon,
da>/,

onis, m., worlier in metal.

skilful

dir-im6, ere, -eml, -emptum, part. divide. separate ; piit an end

U>,

dies, el, m.. (sometimes

f. in sins:.) dai/f/me. dayJiglif : an apperind oftime. time, pointed time,

end.

dl-ripio, ere, -ripui, -reptuni, aivay tear in pieces, snatch

p)liinder.

diifero, ferre, distuli, dilatum, s/jreiid abroad, scatter ; piit ojf,

defer.

dlrus, a,
hiirrible
;

um,

dreadful,

awful,

ill-omened, dire.

diffieilis, e, difficidt, hard.

DIs, Dltis, m.. the god of the lower

diswoj-Id, also called Pliito.

dlf-fido, ere, -fisus

sum,

trust, lose faith or trust in.

tlif-fugfio. ere. -f\\S\.flee in different directions, scatter, di.sperse.

formof dives. dis-cedo, ere, -cessi, -cessum, depart, withdraiv Jrom, go away,
dls, ditis, poetical
leave.

/lif-fuudo, ere, -fudl, about ; blow .^raffer.

abroiid,
/ll-isrero,

-fusum.
spread

dis-cerno, ere, -erevi, -cretum,

separate, diiide tinyuish, tell.
;

interweave

dis-

ere, -gessi, -isrestum,

;

sorf,

arrange
i,

expAain, interpret,
;

e.rpound.

digitus,
jlignor,

VL\.,finger

toe.

arl,
;

atus sum,

deem

discessus, us, m., departure. disco, ere, didicl, learn, find out, become acquainted with. diseoior, oris, of a ^ifferent color,
contrasting.

worthy

deign.

VOCABULARY.
discordia, ae.
f..

25

discord, strife
;

personitied, Discord.

dlv-es. -itis 'ditior, ditissimus), rich, ivealthy, abounding in.

dlscors. cordis, discordant

like, different.

un-

dl-vid6,

discrlmen, iiiinis, h., separation, distnnce; disinterval, spni-t'. tinction, difference ; turning-point,
crisis,

ere, -vlsl, -vTsum, distrihute, divide, break open ; share; separate. sunder ; turn in

different directions.

divinus, a,
deity
;

um,

divine, sacred, o/
plur., riches,
;

peru.
recline.

inspjired, prophetic.
f.

dis-cumbo, ere, -cubui, -eubi- divitiae, arum

tum,

tcealth.

dis-curro, ere, -curri and -cucurri, -cursum, run apart,

gallop apart. dis-Jicio, ere,
scatter,

dlvus, a, uni, .subst., dlvus,

stoiv,
j

1,

divine, godlike m., god.

aa

-jeci,
;

-jectum,

d6, dare, dedi.

^cy
!

datum,

give, be-

disjyerse

throw doicn,
I

grant, aUoii\ giri- up ; put, give forth, utter ; cause,

set

overthrow.

make ; w. vela, etc, spreaA or

sail.
I

dis-Jungo. ere, -junxi, -Junc-

tum,
drtve

separate, sever, remove.

I

dls-pello. ere, -pull, -pulsum,

apart.

sunder,
1, n.,

disperse,
I

doc-e6, ere, -ul, -tum, teach, inform, show, tell. point out. doctns, a, um, part. of doceo,
inse, experienctd, .ikilful.

scatter, dispel.

dUspendlum,

expense, loss.

'

D6d6naeus.
town
pain.

di-speri?6. ere. -spersi, -sper-

a, um, in Epiriis.

of Dodona, a
grieve, feel

sum, tum, tum,

scatter, disperse.

doleo, ere, ul, itum,

di-spicio,

ere,

-spexi, -spec-

see tliroiigh, jjierce.

dis-pono.

ere. -posul, -posiplace here and there, ar'

ra nge. dlssil-io, Ire, -ul, leap or spring apart, break asunder.

of Thessaly. dolor, oris, m., sorroir.poin.grief, distress ; resentment, indignation,

plur., a people

Dolopes,

nm, no.

vexation.

dolns,

dlssimulo, are, avl, atum,

semhle. hide. conceal restrain one's self.
;

dis-

I, m., trick. icHe, stratagem, treachery, deception.

f.,

keep hidden.
stretch

domlna, ae,
over, rule.

mistress.
it

disten-do. ere, -di, -tum,

doniinor, ari, atus sum, lord

apart, distend, sii:ell,jilJ. disto, are, he distant. di-.string6, ere, -strinxl, -strictum, draw aaunder, stretch out,
rack.

domlnus, I, m.,
tyrant.

master, lord, ruler

m., suhduer, quellei

domitor, oris,

dom-6, are,
f.,

diu, adv.,/c>r a long time, long.

-ul, -itum, tame, conquer, suhdue, overcome.

;

dlva. ae,

goddess.

domus,
abode

di-veII6. ere, -velli, -vnlsuni. rfud asunder, tear ajjart, tear

aii.ay.

us, and 1. f., house, home. house,family, race. as long as,

while;

d6nec.
till,

conj., until.

dlverbero,
dlversus, a,

are,

avi,

atum.

d6n6. are, avi, atum,

sent ivith.

give,
;

pre-

cleave, cut through.

um. part. of dlverto. turned in different directions. apart, asunder ; different, various, remote.

d6num,
ing.
\ i

I, n.,

gift,
f.,

present

offer-

Donusa. ae,
Aegean
sea.

an island in the

'

2f>

VIRGIL, AENEID,
a.
I,

l.-Vl.

Dorlcus,
dorsuiii,
Aoiioa.s.

tiiii,

lUirir

hciioo,
e, prep., .ce

E.
ex.
n., ivory.

Grecioii, ilreek.
n., ridge, reej'.
1,

eb-ur. -orls,
of

Doryclus,

in.,

a coinrade

ebnrnus,
ecce,
ecfini.
ti iifl

a,

um,

ofivory,ivory.
!

interj.,

lo! behold

see

dotalis,
tioii ;

nf a marriage porof the Tyrians, as a aowry.

e,
serjiettt,

<|ua (quue), quod, any?

all
.''

itt

draoo, onis, m,,

dragon.

ecquis, inid. aiiy

ec<iuid.
wiistiiig.
a.s

oiief

anything^

Drepanum,
Drusus,
tht'
1,

1, n.,

a town in Sicily.

m., a surname amonj,'

tlie

pray f edax, acis, devouring, consuming,

adv.',

at all f

Romans.
DrTjopes, a

Dryopes, uni, m.,

people ofEpirus.

e-dico, ere, -dlxi, -dictum, declare,

proclaim

bid,

command,

order.

dubito, are, avi, atnni, waver,

bi'

edis-sero, ere, -serui, -sertuni,

set forth, explain, \ii\fold.

itiicertain,

hesitate,

question,

douht.

edo, edere or esse, edi, esum,

dubins, a,

um,

in doiibt, irresn;

eat,

Inte, hesitatiiif/, sirai/ing tain, doubt/ul , criticnl.

uncerlead,

e-do,

devour, consume. ere, -didi, -dituni, put

fortli, iitter, aiinounvi'.

dueo, ere. duxi, ductum,

ijiddi',

e-doceo, ere, -docui, -doctum,

instruct, forth.

hriiig,
;

take
;

^iiisn. jirolitng

draw, lieave ; ; trace. form, fash-

inforin

declare,

set

lon

derire

reckon, think, deem.

e-duc6, ere, -dvixi, -ductum,

lead out, lead forth ; bringforth, bear ; nurture, rear ; biiild up,
raise.

ductor, oris, m., leader. duduiii, adv., a while ago, but now,
lateU/.

dulcis.

e. siceet, fresh ; pleasant, dear, bedelightfiil, charming ;

loved, prized.

eifero, eiferre, extull, elatum, bring ,forth, carry aicay ; raise, w. pedem, go lift up, jmt forth /orth, go aivay.
';

Dulicbium,
lonian sea,

i,

n.

an island in

tlie

efferus,
furious.

a,

um,

tvild,

fierce,

duni,

conj.. while,aslong as ; until jiriirided thnt, if only ; as adv., witli nef.'ntivcs, 'get.
1,

elTetus, a, um, outworn, exhausted.

ef-flcio, ere, -fecl, -fectum, Jiinn, make, accomplish. eifigies, ei, f., image, likeness,
statiie.

diinius,
bricr.

m.,

tJiic\et,

bramble,

dno, ae, o, tivo. dupl-ex, -icis,

ef-flnsro,
doiible,

twofold.

ere. -flnxl. -flctnni, form, fashion ; portray, represe.nt.

duro. are. avl, atum. harden

bepatient, be strong, endure.

ef-fodio, ere, -fodl,

dig out, dig
out.

-fossum,
out,

up ; tear

gouge

durns,
hardy,

a.

um,

hard, stubborn,

harsli, cruel, iturdy; unfeMing ; rough, grievous, severe,

difficult.

dux. ducis. m. and

coiiducfor.

f.,

leader, guide,

eifor, arl, atns snm, epeak out say, utter, tell. ef-fringfo, ere, -fregi, -fractuni, break out, dash out, shatter.

Dymas,

antis,

a Trojan.

ef-fugio, ere, -fugi. fiee away, escape ; Jlyfrom, tXvoid, shun.

VOCABULARY.
effnsrinm,
ef-fulffeo,
I,

21

n.,flight, escape.

e-mico, are, -micm, -micatum,

spring out, leap up, dart, shoot or bounaforth. e-mitto, ere. -mlsl, -mlssuni,
send forth, dismiss
; let loose.

ere,

-fulsl,

gleam,

ef-fundo, ere, -fudi, -fusum, pour /orth, shtd ; utter ; breathe

out
:

tcaste ; let loose, slacken.

e-moveo,
en,

eflfiisus, a.

um,

part. of

efFundo,

ere, -movl, -niotum, remove,force, rend ; shake.

interj., lo !
i,

potiring forth. scattered, streamtnf/ ; cLissolced ; dishevdled, undone.

behold

see!

Enceladus,
ter.

m., one of the giants wlio attempted to overtlirowJupi-

egens, entis,

part. of egeo, needy, jjoor, destitute, in icant.

egenus,
needy.
7i:ed,

a, uni, in vsant, in need,

be in

egoo. ere. ul,

require.

want, have

euira, conj., for, indeed. eniteo, ere, ui, shine forth, glov:, beam, glisten. e-nitor. I. -nlsus or -nixus sum, struggle ; bringforth, bear.

egrestas, tatis, f., want, ])oveHy, need ; per.?<.initierl, Want.

ego, mei, pron.,

/.

eno, are. avl. atum, sicim glide, sail or float away.

ensis,
is,

oin,

egomet,

pron.,
i,

e-gredior,

/ myself. Entcllus, -gressus snni. go

illustrioue, re!

m., su-ord.
I,

m., a Sicilian Twxer.

out, comefiirth, leave, disembark.

enumero, are, avl, atum,

merate, recount, re^.earse.
(11),

enupotir
to.

cgTegius, a,
ei, interj.,

um,

noicned, cvcellent, remarkahle.

eo, Ire, ivi

aJi

itum, go
the daicn,

ah! alas

w. mUii,

forth,floic

adcance; resort

me !
eia, intcrj., lio! com: ! up! ejecto, ai'o, avi, atum, castforth,

Eous,
sjiit *'orth.

a.
1,

um, of

of

the

morning ; eastcrn ; masc. as subst.,

Eous,
da un.

m., the morning-star, the

throw

i'.j_),

e-jicio, erc, -jecl, -Jectum, cast out, cast tqi ; strand, icreck.

Epeos,

m., the bullder of the woixlen horse.

i,

e-labor, i, -lapsuc snm, slip away, glide fvrtn : eliide, lodge. elatus, from effero.

Epirns,

eiephantus, i, m., elephant

ivory.

e-lido, ere, -llsi, -lisum, strike out, dash up.

!Elis, idis, f, the most westerly district of the Pelopounesus.

I, f., the northwest district of Greece, on the Adriatic. epulae. arum, f. plur., feast, banquet ; food, ciands. epulor, arl, atus suin, feast, oanquet, eat. i
,

Epyt des
Epytus.

ae, m., the son oj

Elissa, ae,
Diclo.

f.,

another

name

for

Epytus,
equ-es,

I,

m., a Trojan.
;

e-loquor,

1,

-locutns sum,

sx^eak

-itis, m., liorseman, rider plur., cacalry, horse.

out. sjieak, utter.

equestris, tre, ofhorsemen, equestrian.

e-lu6, ere, -lui, -lutum, wash

out, icask aicay.

equidem,
equus,
I,

Elysium,
o'f

Elysium, the abode the blessed in the lower world.

i, n.,

adv., tridy, fact, by all means.

indeed,

in

m., horse, steed.

1.

e-mefcior,

Iri,

-mensus

sum, Erelms,

m., the

god of darkness
tower ivorld.

measure out or off,

travel, traverse.

lienee, Ilades, the

28
vrgbt adv.

\riRGIL,

AENEin,

I.-VI.

there.fore, then : w. gen. preceding, on account o_t, for the cake of.
I,

Eumenides, um,
Furien.

pluv

ihr

Europa,
whi
'h

ae,

f.,

Europe.
tlie

Eridanus,
tlu'

m., anotlicr iiame of

Eurotas, ae, m.,

Sparta stood.

river

oa

river Po.

ere, -rexi, -rectum, e-riffo, ruiKe iip, set np, send tip ; bitild.

Eriuys. yos,
ciirae,

f.,

a Fnri/

hence, a

Eur6us, a, um, eastern. Eurus, i, m., the southeast

vind
;

or east

a bane.

Euryalus,
Aeneas.

nnnd in general. a comradc of I, m.,

I,

Eripliyle, Alcmaetm

es, f., slain by her son for betraying her hiisliand Aniphianius.

Eurypylus,
Grceks
Aeneas.

m.,

one

of

the

Ipctorc

Troy.
m., a comrade of

e-ripio, ere, -ripui, -reptuni, snatch atray, wrest, tear away, talce away rescne ; w. reflex. pron., break away, erro, are, avi, atum, ivander, rove ; stray ; linger, hover. error, oris, m., wandering ; maze error, mistake; delusion, trick,

Euryti6n, ouis,

Evadne,

es,

f.,

who hurned

herself

deceit.

pile of her husband Capaneus. e-vado, ere, -vadi, -vasuni. gn forth, come out ; mount, ascend ; pass over ; get clear o/, escape.

on the funeral

e-rubeso6,
bl)ish
;

fere, -rubui, redden, respect, revere.

erueto, are, avl, atuni,

forth, vomit out forth.
;

belch

send forth, cast

e-vanesco, ere, -vanui, vanish. evans, antis, soe euans. e-veh6, ere, -vexi, -vectum,
carry out, bear out
exalt.
;

bear aloft,

e-rump6,

ere, -rupi, -ruptum, burst forth frojn, break through.

e-ru6, ere, -rui, -rutuin, tear up ; overturn, overthroic. erus, I, m., niaster, lord. iErycInus, a, uni, of Eryx.

e-venio, Ire. -venl. -ventum, come out ; come to pass, happen. eventus. us, m,, issue, occurrence,
fortune,
lot.

e-verto, ere, -vertl, -versum, overthrow, upturn ; oi'erturn,

ruin.

Erymantlius,
iii

1, m., a mountain Arcadia. Eryx, ycis. m., a moimtain in the westerii part of Sicily ; a son of

Venus.
et, conj.. a7id ; also, too, even et, bbth.. .and.
.

e-vincio, Ire, -vinxl, -vlnctnm, bind around. e-vinc6, ere, -vicl, -victum, overcome, vanqidsh, beat down.

et

evoc6, are, avl, atum,' caW forth,

etiam, conj., and and even, still, yet.

etsl, conj.,
ei-eti if,

also,

likemse;

summon. e-volv6. ere, -volvl, -volutum,

roll out, roUJorth, unroll roll down.
;

w. se,

althotigh.

ex
(a

euans,

antis,

crying

Euan

name of

Bacclius) ; vith the cry of Euan.

celebrating

e sometimes before a cons.), prep. w. abl., out o.f, from ; of; ' after, since ; in accordance icith.
for

Euboicus,

a, um, of Euboea, an island in the Aegean, Euhoean.

I,

exactus, a, um, part of exigo,

cnmpleted ; ascertained,discovered,
certain.

Enmelus,
wmrades.

m., one of Aeneas'

exaestno, are, *avl, atam,

forth.

boil

VOCABULARV,
ex&nimis,

29

ex-ardesc6, ere -arsi, -arsum,

blaze up, be Jcinilied.

e, and exanlnios, a, ex-haurio, ire, -Iiausi, -haustum, drain, exhaust, icear out, uni. Ufele<iS ; breathless ; half -undergo, pass through. dead vMhfear, terrijied. exaniino, are, avi, atnm, put ex-i!sr6, ere, -egl, -actnm, drive ufork forth ; pass, spend, fulfil ; oitt ofbreath ; errify. out, tceigh, ponder.
\

'jxigTins, a, scanty, slight.

nm,
;

small,

little,

exanclio, ire, ivi, itam, hear

regard, heed.
leave
;

ex-im6, ere, -emi,

takeaicay, remove
xcards, next.

-emptnm,

satisfy.

ex-eedo, ere, -cessi, -cessam. exln or exinde, depart, tcithdraw,

disap-

adv., then, after-

pea r.

excidJum,
tion.

i, n.,

doicnfall, destrtic-

exitialls, e, deadly,fatal.

exitium,

I, n.,

destruction, ruin,

ex-cido, ere, -cldl, fall, come down ; slip aicay, pass aivaii.
ex-cido, ere, -cldi, -eisum, cut out, hew out ; destroy. exeio, ire, ivi, itnm and itum,
call

exitus, us, m.,outlet; issue,event;

end, death.

exodl, isse, hate.

pa.ss.

detest

exosns,
desire,

w.

act. force.

exopt6, are, avl, atum,

longfor.

forth

raise,

cause

rouse,

excite.

exordlxim,
ex-orior,
rise, arise.

1, n.,

beginning.

ex-cipio, ere, -cepi, -ceptum,

catch : receice ; icelcome. fjreet take up ; answer, rejoin ; learn.

-orirl,

-ortns

snm,

ex6r6, are, avl, atum,

irnplore, suefor.

entreat,

exeito, are, avi,

rouse, stir
upi.

atum,

excite,

exosns, frorn exodi. exclamo, are, avl, atuni, rry expedio. Ire, ivi ii Itnm, bring
,

out.

ex-col6, ere, -colul, -cultum,

improve.
Stntinel.
refine.
f.

excubiae, arum,

plur

icatch,

ovt. inake ready : unfold. set forth ; in pa.ss., makeorclear one's way. ex-pelI6, ere, -pnli, -pulsnm,

drive out, banish.

exile.

ex-cudo, ere, -eudl, -cusnm,

strike out, beat out, mould,fashion.

ex-pend6, ere. -pendl, -pen-

sum, v:eigh pay for, expiate.

out

pay,

suffer

ex-cntio, ere, -cnssl, -cussum, Hhake off, throw off. toss, dash
aicay or out, drive
ex-edo, ere, edl,
destroy.
off,

rouse.

ex-perior, Irl, -pertns snm, make trial of, try. ex-pers, -pertis, /ree/rom, loithout.

-esum, devour,
-itum, ^o
escape, avoid,

expl-e6, ere, -evl, -etnm, fill up,

-il f-lvli,
;
Till.

ex-eo. ire,
parry.

complete ;

satisfy,

appease,

forth, issue forth

'gorge.

exerceo, ere,

nl, itnm, keep busy, keep in motion ; exercise ply, engage in, jjractice, work try, vex, torment, harass.

explic6, are, avi and ui, atnm and itum, unfold, .let forth, descrihe.

expI6r6, are, avl, atum, search

out.find out. expAore. ex-p6n6, ere, -posul, -positum, put forth, land. ex-posc6, ere, -poposcl, enireat,
beg.

exercitns, us, m..

band.

army, host

exlialo, are, avl,

out.

atum,

hreathe

30

VIRGIL, AENEID,
erc.
-proiiipsl.

I.-VI.

ex-pr 61116,
-proiniituiii,

ex-tendo, ero, -tendl, -tenturn

(-teusum), extend,
foreign.
stretch.

hriii!/ fortli, uttor.

ex-qiiiro, ere,

-<iHlsIvl, -qulsituiii. seek out ; pray for, denire.

e,
bloodless, pallid,
e, to

exter aud extorus, era, ernm,

externus,
a,

exsanguis,
pale.
satiahle.

um,

alien, foreign;

masc. as subst., stranger, alien.

exsjiturabilis,

he

sated,

exterro6, ere, ul, Itum,

strike

ex-seiinl6, ere, -scidl, -scissuiii,

overtliroiv,

destroij

extirpate,

root

oiit.

exsecror, ari, atus suiii, cursc. ex-seqvior, I. -sccutus sum, Jollow out,fuljH, perform. exsert6, are, thrust out ovforth. exsertus, a, um, part. of exsero,
thrust
oiit,

with terror, terrify. oxtorrls, e, driven from one'8 country, exiled, banished. extra, prep. w. acc, oxttside of, out of, without, beyond. extremus, a, nm, (superlative of extreme furthest, externs), last ; uttermost, Jinal ; neut. as
suhst.,

extrema, 6rum,

n. plur.,
;

e.rtreiiiities, the

utmost, the worst

Hiicovered, naked.

exsilium, 1, 11., exile. ex-solv6, ere, -solvl, -solutum,

set /ree, release.

doom ; farthest parts, limits. ex-u6, ere, -nl, -utum, nut off,
Jinal
liiy

aside

.free

bare, display.

exsonmis,
in,

e, slee^iless.
o/,

-ustum, hurn burn away, purify. exnviae, arum, f. plur., anything

ex-iir6, ere, -ussl,
iip,

consume

ex-sors, -sortis, ivithout a share

deprived
portionless
special, pecidiar.

stripped
Tiients,

off, hence, clothing, gararms ; relics ; spoils ; castweeds, slouyh. skin, off

exspect6, are, avl, atum, await,

tvaitfor;
loiter, linger.

F.
he-

ex-sperj?6, ere, -spersum,

sprinkle, bespatter, .iplash.

exspiro, are, avl, atum, breathe

out, breatlie forth.

fabrlcator, maker.

6ri8,
I,

m.,

contriver,

Fabricius,
iiame.

m., a

Roman

family

ex-stinffu^, ere, -stinxl, -stinctuiii, e.vtinyuish, quencli, blot out,

kill,

destroy.

exsto, are, stand out, rise above,

be consx)icuoiis.

ex-stru6, ere, -struxi, -struc-

tum,

fabric6, are, hvi, atum. and deari, ponent, fabricor, atns sum, build, make, fashion. facess-6, ere, -I, -Itum, do eagerly, perform, carry out. facies, el. f., appearance, form.,
sliape, face, features ; beauty. facilis, e, easy ; kindly,favorable;

build, ei'ect, raise.

ex-sul, -sulis, m. and f., exile, wanderer, fuyitive. exsulto, are, ava, atum, leap up, throb,beat. boil up ; rejuice,exult exsnper6, are, avl, atum, tower above ; pass by. ex-surgo, ere, -surrexi, -sur;

prosperous. faci6, ere, fecl, factum, do, make, cause ; offer, sacrijice; in the imperat., grant, suppose.

factnm,

I, n.,

deed, art, exploit.

rectum,

rise

itp.

exta, orum, n. plur., the vital parts consulted in divination, the

vitals or entrails.

fallax, acis, deceitfid, treacherous. faI16, ere. fefelll, falsum, de; feign, counterfeit ; escape the notice of, tniknoivn to, be missed by break ; swear falsely hy ; iu pass. be mistaken.

ceive, beguile, haffie, cheat

be

extempl6f
ately.

adv., at once, immedi-

VOIAKULAKV.
falsuR,
leis^

31

a,

uiii,

pnrt.

ot'
;

fallo.

feeniKlus, a, \xm, .fruitful, fertile,

priilijic.

fnlxe. /fiiined, fancied

groimd-

unreaL
f.,

fellx,
sickle.
:

leis.

fruitful
;

gracious,

faix, falcis,
faiiia. ae, f., lnTsouiriwl,
ftlnrji,

favoring. favorable
tunate, blessed.

happy, for-

nnnnr. rejwrt. xfnry

liiiiiiiir ;

reputatinn,

femina, ae,
iviiiiien,

f.,

n:oman, female.
o.f

renown, .fa me.

is,
f.,.

feiiiinens, a,

nm,
f.,

a ivoman, of
:

fanies,

iH.TSoiiified,

Famine
f.,

hnnffer, famine ; greed.

woineifx.
tcindoir

fenesti"a, ae,
hole, hreacli.

npening,

faiiiulii. e,
linndiiiaid.

maid-servant,
servant,

fera, ae,
I,

faiiinlus,

m.,

inan-

f. wild heasf. ferilis, e, /uneral ; death-boding,

siirvinit, atteniliint.

ill-omened.

fandu.s, a. iiiii, prpriiiulive of for, tn be npoken ; neiit. ;,< snlist., right,

innocence.

fere,

a(l\'.,

nearly, almost, about.

I, n., bier.

feretrum,
fcm.
a.-

far, farris,
fas.
dntji
:

ii.,

sppll,

grain
la'ir
:

wnf.
rigiif,

ferlnus, a,
ciii'i>, ,flesh

um,
;,

nfa, vild, hmst

f.

siib.st..

ferina, ae,
; ciil
;

isc.

iiiflecl. ii.,

dirine

venixiiii,

fas

esfr. it is right, laii\tiil,

allnned, proper.
fsiscis. is. n\..hiindle
,fili<ri'x.
iixi'.
;l

ferio, ire, xtrike.smite

slay.

iii

pliir.,

the
tlie

li|IM(lll>

Of

l-0<ls ,TlH)llt :iii

tlip sviiiImiI of aiitli'>rity 1'liief iiii.iii iiinijristrate.'.

of

fero, ferre, tull. latuiii, hear, cnrry ; \v. rcflex. proii. or iii pas.*., niove, advance, gn, hurry ,fnrtli, ruti, rush ; carry njf, jdunder;
bear, bring ,fnrth
(sacriticesi
:

o,ffer,

peifnrm
e.valt
tell.

fastlj^iniii.

fnp, roo,f, gable, piiniiiiii^, hiittliiiiient ; point (of a

I.
II..

raixe.

e.rlol,

endurc, suffer,

bmnk ;

say,

story

ferox, ocis.
in.,

fa.stus, us, dixduin.

pride,
;

hauglity
fateful,
confess,
tire,

hold, vxirlike, fierce xpirited. fiery.

iron-sliod, iron-

ferratus, a, uin,
bnunil.

fatalis, e,.fnted. destined

.fatnl, dextriirtire.

ferreus, a,

uiii,

ifirnn. iron.

fateor,
fatl|!;6,

e"i,

fassus suin,
avl,
xtir.

itirii. niliiiit.

are,

atutn,
vej%

ferrxij^ineus, a, uin, of the color of imn-rust, dusky.

irenry:

diitliirh.

iiarasx,
split

ferrum,
niaflc

1,

ii.,

worry ; arousc,
fatiseo,
npiiii.

of

iroii,

iron ; somethingspear-head, axe,

:

ere,

sirnrd,

.vteel.

yaivn,

gape,

ferus, a,

uiii,

ivUd

rruel. sarage,

fatniii, i, II., propher.y, oracle dextiny, fnt.e ; dnnm,death.

Jifrre; ma.c. as siibst., ferus. I, m., tvild hcast, creature, mnnxter.

fjiuces, iniii,

f.

pliir..

throat,jaws ;

fer-veo, ere,
glare
;

eiitrance, nionth, gnrgc.

-Tmi. or fer-v6, ere, -vl, hnd. xf.dhr : glntc, gleam,

be alive, be a.ftir.

favco,

ere, favl, fautum, he Javorahle : applaud, rlieer ; preserve a religious silence, be hushed.

fessus, a,
exhausted.

nm,

tceary,

worn

out,

favilla,
emberx.

ae,

f.,

glotcing

ashes,

festlno, are, avi, atnm, mdke haxte. hasten ; hurry, be quick

quicken, speed, haxteii on.

favor, oris, m.,favor, good.-wUl. fax, faeis, f., tnrch, firebrand

truin or trail (of
lifjlit).

festus, a,
fetns, a,
laden.

um, festal, festive. um, piregnant ; teeming,

32
fetus,
litter
;

VIRGIL, AKNEII),
us, m.,
offt<prinri,

I.-VI.

brood,

fissilis, e, tiiat
fissile.

mny be split orcleft,

part.
1,

branch, fruit, growth.

fibra, jic, i.,Jibre. f ibulu, ae, f., biickle, clasp. fiftus, a, uin, part. of finffo,
.fciiined
I,
:

fixus,'a,
fnl.ie,

um,

of &go, fixed,
whip, lash

firni, obstinate.

flasreiium,
sciHirge.

n.,

uput. as suhst.. fiotuni, n., n-hnt isfaliie, falsrJKinil.

f.

flaffito.

Fidena. ae,
phir. 1, Hoiiio.

(grencrally

Fidenae.
iiear

are, avi, importune.

atum, demand,
atum,
ivind,

town of Latiuiu

flafjro, are, avl, hlnze ; glow, beain.

hurn,
gale,

fidens, entis, part. of fido, conji(lent, bold.

flamen, minis,
breexe.

n.,

fides, el, f., tru.st, reliancc : fdiflifidness, honor, fideliU/. loi/nll i/ : promise, jdcdi/e': prinif, triitli ;
personitied, iViith,

flanima, ae,
jiiixsinn
;

f.,

flame, fire

torch.

Honor.

flannuo, are, avl, atum, inflame,

kindle.

fldes. is, f. (p-piicrally plur.), strings (of instrumeuti, lyre, liite.

fldo, ere, f isus siim, trust, pnt

trust in
;

venture.
'

flatus, Cis, m., blast. flaveo, ere. he yellotv vens, entis, golden.
flaA'us, a,

part., fla-

fiducia, ae.
f Idus, a.
fuithful.

f., confidence, trust, reliance, ussurance.

um,

trusty, trustworthy,

um, yelloiv, golden. flecto, ere, flexi, flexum, bend, turn ; giiide, move, infliience.
fleo, flere, flevi, rveepfor, heivail.

fletum,

wee^)

flffo, ere, fLxl, f\TLMm,flx, fasten, vp ; imprint, iinpress ; fa.ifen pierce, transfix ; setfirmly. j>lat.

fi^ura, ae, i.,figure,form, shape.

f llius, i, m., son. f llum, 1, n., thrend.
finuis,
split
;

fletus, vis, m., weeping, ivail, tears. flexiiis, cflexible. floreo, erc, ul, blos.wm ; part., florens, entis, blooming, hright.

floreus, a, uni, floivery.

flos, floris, m.,flotver, blossom.

1,

m., ordure,filth, mire.

findo, ere. fidi, fissum, cleave,

dicide, separate.

fluctuo, are, avi,

tnss, he tossed.

atum,
wave,

siirge,

fingo, ere. finxi, fictum, mould, shnpe, make ; control,stibdue ; arrange

;

fluctus,

iis,
;

m.,

hilloio

floiid, tide

sea.

invent, devise.

fluentum,
fluito,
drift.

1, n.,

stream.

'

m. (sometimes f. in sing.), flnis, end, limif. boundary, border ; in land ; startingplur., horders, point or goal (in a race). finitimus, a. uni, bordsring, neighboring ; masc. as .subst., flnitiiiii, orum, m. plur., neighbors,
is,

fluidus, a, a.m,floiving, oozing.

are,

avi,

atnm,

float,

fliimen, minis,
fliiod.

n., river,

stream,

neighhoring jteople.

fluo, ere, fluxi, fluxnm, flow, drip ; hang loose ; ehb, droop.
river,
river.

f 16, fleri, faetus suni,

facioi. be

(pass.

made ;

take place, Jiap-

of flnvialis, e, of or from a

pen ; hecome. firmo. are, avi. atum, steady, support ; reassure, strengthen.

fluvius,

I,

m., river, stream.

focus,
fotiio,

1,

m., hearth, flreside, home.

flrmus,

a,

um,

firm,

strong

ere, fodl, fossnni, dig

atout, resolute.

])rick, spur.

VOCABULARY.
foede,
fidly.

33
ere, fregl, fraetum, snap, shatter ; crush, grind.

adv., foully, basely,

shame-

franso,
breaic,

are, avi, atum, defile, poUtite ; mar, disjigure ; desecrate. foedus, a, uni, /nid, filthy, loath-

foedo,

frater, tris, m., brother.

fraternus, a,
brotherly.
cheat.

um,

o.f

a brother,

soiite; baleful, pestilent.

fraudo, are, avi,

atum, defraud,

foedus, eris,
folinni,
I, n.,

n.,

ayreement, treaty,

alUance; law.
leaf.

fraus, fraudis, f., deceit, deception, trick, stratagem ; trickery,

fuel, tinder.
guile.

fomes,
icater.

itis, m.,

dry

fons. fontis, m.,

sx>ring,

fountain

fraxineus,
;

a,

um,
m.,

freniitus,
shduting.
:

us,

ofash, aslien. uproar, din,

rage, cry,

for, farl, fatus suni, spe<ik, say

foretell, predict.

frem-6, ere, -ui, -itum,

fore, forem, from

foris, is,
f.,

sum.
;

rave,
icail
;

be

wild

resound

door.

murmur assent, murmur.'

i,

forma, ae,

f.,form, shapie, fyiire person, beauty ; kind.

freno, are, avi, atuni, bridle;

curb, restrain, control.

formlca, ae, f., ant. formido, are, avi, atum, dread. formldo, inis, f., dread, fmr,
terror.

frenum,
curb.

n.,

bridle,

bit,

rein,

frequens,

throngs ; f requento, are. avi,

quent, throng, people.

thronging, frequent, constant.

entis,

in

atum,
;

fresea.

fornix,
fors,

icis, m., arch.

f.,

chance. fortiine, hazard ; fors (sc. est) and forte, as aA\\,perhaps, by chance.
adv., per-

fortis,

fretum,
ing
to,

1, n.,

strait,

channel

fretus, a,

relying upon, trustconjident ih.

be cold, be

um,

forsan and forsitan,

haps, j)ossibly. fortis, e, brave, stout, strony.
bold,

frige6, ere,
dulled.

numb, be

valiant
.fate,

fortuna, ae.
personitied,
tion, state.

f.,

fortune,

frigidus, a. um. cold, chill, icy. frlgus. oris. n., cold,frost, chill.

chancf ; good fortune, succe/is, prosperity ; bad fortune, ill-luck :

Fortune;

lot,

condi-

fronde6, ere. put .forth leaves part., frondens, entis, leafy. fronde8c6, ere. frondui, put
forih leaves or shoots.

fortunatus, a, um, part. of fortuno, favored by fortune, pros-

forum,
court.

perous, happy, blessed. 1, n., place of assembly,

I,

frondeus, a, um, Teafy. frondosus, a, um. leafy.

frons. frondis,
foliage
;

f.,

leaf,

leaves,

bough.

gangway ; deck. foveo, ere, fovl. fotum, cherish,

forus,
m.,

fr6ns, frontis, f., forehead, brow, .face ; Jront, prow.

foster; caress

cliny

to.

frumentum,

i, n.,

corn, grain.

fraetus, a,

um,

part. of

frango,
din, up-

broken, crushed, baMed. discouraged.

fruor. i, fructus sum, enjoy, Jind enjoyment in. frustra, adv., in vain, to no purpose, uselessly.

fragor, 6ris, m., crash,

roar.

frustror, ari, atus

fail.

sum,

deceive,

fragrans, antis,

part. of fragrro, sweet-scented,fragrant.

frustum,

1, 11.,

piece, bit, morsel.

M
fi'nx. frusjis,
friiif, f/rtihi
;

viucii.,
f.,

AENEin,

i.-vr.
a.tuiii,

('jfoiior.ill.v

itliir.i,

furio. are. avi,

iiijii riiite.

madden
race,
iiiait ;

iiieul.

fCicus,

i. 11., tlriiiw.

fur-6
.<<pee<I ; e.rile.

ere,
tn'.

fu^a, ats

C,_flit/ht

fiirioiis,
iiifliiiiied

-ui, rage, fren. zied, he

he he

he insjiired.

fusir), ere, fuffi, fuffltuni,

eKfii iie, fl fi
;

flff,

flee orfli/ friim,

iirtiiil.

fuffo.

are,

iivl.

atuin,

piit

fo

furor, ari, atus suiii, steal. furor, oris, ni., .f^urg, madness.
rage, .1 reiizij freiizg
;

flii/ht, chti.se iiiiiij/,

scutter, disjiel.

j)assion; j)
secretly,
.'tecret,

personi-

lied, t'iirg, liage.

fulcio, ire, f itl.sl, futtuui, pro])

iij),

furtiiii,

aflv.,

stealthili/,

<<iistaiii, sni/ijiiirt.
i,

hy

stealth.

fulorani,
jtiist.

.,

support, jnllar,

furtivus, a, nni,
cliintlestine.

in secret,

_
sfealth, stratagevi
; ;

fulgeo, ere, fulsi

fulgor, oris,
lii.^^t

(also fulffo, ere), shiiie, (jleaiii, glitter.

iii..

fiirtuni,
.friiiid,

I, n.,

secret gnilt
oiit,

secre.t l.ohe.

f/leam,
n.,

glitter,

fusus, a, uni,
sprcad
e.rtfiided..

p.irt.

uf fundo,
stretched,

rf. sheeii.

scatt^red,

fulinen,

iiiiiiis,

lii/htning,
lij/htniuf/.

thiitifler-hiilt.

futurus,

a, uin, part. of suin,

fnliiiineus, a, uiii, like

flasliiiig.

fulvus, a, uin, i/elloic, funieus, siiKiky.

funio, are, smoke,
reek,

.fnliirf, tii ctiiiie, irliifli is ttj he nriit. as siili.<t., futuruni, 1, n., ichat is to cnme, thefiitiirf.

tnwnj/.

fume.

fumus.
fCinale,

i.

m., sinoke, vapor.

ii.,

Oabil, oruni, m., atowiiof Latiiiin.

Gaetiilus, a, uin, ofthe Gaetnli. a trilie of Noftliern Afriea, Uaetulian.
f?iilt'a,'ae,
f.,

is,

torcli, tajier.
i,

fuiKlanieiituin,
fuiiditus. M^y ..
tioii, icholl
1/,

n.,

foundation.
the

from

founda-

helmet.
tin iiginetle,

utterli/.

fuiido, are. avl. atnni, .found,

e.^^tuhli.^^h,

Gallus, 1, ni., u Gmd. Ganyiiiedes, is, m.,

wiiitiii iis. a Irilu' Xiirllifrii .Vfrica.

hnHfl

iiiake fast.

fuudo, ere, fudi, fiisuin.

potir,

enp-licarrr of llie icorts. Garjiiiiantes, uiii, iii., the Garaiii

poiir .forth, shed ; stre.tch, lay low ; in ]a:ss. or w. rctif.K. pron!, pour, swariii, scutter, rush.

tlic

interior of

Garaniantis,
miintian.

idis,

f.

adj.,

Gnray-

fundus,

I,

m., bottom, depths.

ji.

funereus.
funsror.
1,

uiii,

of death,

finieral, dark.

jsraiideo, ere, sravisus suiii, jiiicf, he gltid, delight in.

funotus s,nm,j)erform,
rojie,

fidjUI. do.

Sriiudiuni, g:aza, ae,

nfilth.

i, \\...jog,
f.,

ihdight.
riches,
soutli

treasure,
eity
ini

f iiiiis, is, m.,

cord,

c.ahle.

fiinus, eris, n., fiineral rites death ; a deatl bodg, corpse ; dead-

Gela, ae,
gelidus,
ji,

f.,

tlie

eoast of Sieily.
uiii, icg, cold, chill.

fnria, ae,

personified

ly evil, ruin, disaster. f., furg. rage. inadness ; in |>lur., the Furies

Gelous, !i, uiii, of Gelii,, Geloan. g^eininus, a, uin, ttnn, Iwofold,

tico. doiihle, h.ifh.

(avenging

spivit.'*).

furibundus,
in madness.

a, uin.

mad.J rantic,

^eniitus,
iiioan, fry.

us,

^u.,

groan,

sigh,

VOCABULARY.

35

gemma, ae,
stone.

f.,

gemjewel, precioiis

Glancns,

gem-6, ere,
sigh
;

-ul,

-itnm, groan,

I, m., a sea-god; a leader of the Lycians in the Trojan war the father of Deiphobe, the
;

beivail,
f.

mourn, lament.

Cumaean

Sibji.
orb.
roll

g^ena, ae,

(generally plur.), cheek.

grener, erl, m., son-in-law.

gleba, see glaeba. globus, 1, m., haU, mass ;

glomero, are, avi, atnm,

heget he the

grenerator, oris, m., hreeder.

genero. are, avl, atam, iii pas3., spring Jrom,

son
of.
f.,

up ; gather, collect ; press, crowd together ; in pass., gatlier, throng,

crowd. gloria, ae,
f, glory,

fame, renown.

grenetrix, icis,

mother.

genialis,
queting.

e, joyous, festive,
sire.

ban-

gnatns, see natus. Gnosins, a, nm, of Gnosus, the

ancient capital of Crete, Gnosian ; hence generally, Cretan. Gorgo, onis, f a Gorgon, one of three Bister-monsters wntn hair of serpents, who turned all that looked upon them into stone
,

g^enitor, oris, m.^father,

genitrlx, see grenetrix. genitus, a. uni, part. of gigno,

sprung, descended
;

child or son of.

Genias.
nation

m., Genius, the tutelar deity of a persou or a place.

i,
;

gens. gentis. f
ffenu, us,

race, tribe, people, herd, brood, swarm.

,

especially Medusa, whose liead was placed hy Minerva in the centre of her shield. Gracclius, i, m., the name of two

n., knee.

famous Romans. gradior, i, gressns snm,

step,

genns,
sort.

eris, n., birth, descent offspring ; race, people ; kind,

Gradivns,

walk, advance, go. i, m., a

name of Mars,

(the Strider).

us, m., step, pace ; rung germanus, a, um, toith the same gradns. or round (of a ladderj. parents ; a.s subst., germanns. i.
m., brother
aister.
;

germana,
;

ae, f

Graingena, ae,
birthj.

m.,

a Greek (hy

gero, ere,
^>V'^y
!

sreasi,
;

gestnm,
n.,

carrt/, ivield, ice.ar

hear, have, possess,

Graius,

show

wage.
sornething

a, um, Gre^k. Grecian masc. as subst.. Graius, i, ni., a Greek, (plur. Grai or Grail/.
n.,

gestamen. minis,
horneoT
ivorn,

gramen, minis,
jerrainineus, gras^y.
a, a,

grass, herb.

gesto, are, wear ; possess, have. Getiens, a, nm, of the Getae, a tribe in Thrace near the Danube,
Getan.
srigrno, ere, genul, genitnm, bear, hring forth ; beget.

ornament, arms. avi, atnm, hear,

um, of
um,
hail.

grass,

grandaevus,
errando, inis, grates, ibus,
compense.

old, aged.

Srrandis, e, large, huge, great.

f.,
f.

plnr.,

tlianks, re-

glacialis, e, icy. glacies, ei, f., ice.

srladius,
I,

gratia,

grace, charm, heauty ; delight, regard, fondness ; gratitude, grace, grateful

f.,

ae.

m., sword.
,

remembrance.
soil.
*

^laeba, ae, f clod

land,

grator, arl, atus snm, congratulate, tvish

onejoy.
;

grlancns, a. nm, O^ay, sea-green.

hluish-gray,

gratus, a. um. pleasing. pleasaiU,

acceptahle, dear

grateful.

36
teeminj/, fruitfitl.

VIRGIL, AENEID,

I.

-VI.

^rnvidufl, a, iini, heavy, pregnant,

ffravis,

Iialitus, u8. m., breath

be.fragrant.

vapor,
out,

balo. are, avi, atum, breathe

:

jirm ; weighefl doirn, litileii, burdened ; prei/nniit serere, i/rieroun, finre of ireii/ht,
c,
hedri/.
;

Hainnioii, onis, m., in

(lifly, idi'ntilii'(i wii^li

iiifl iieiitiiil .

as

ad\'., /7/,

revered ; iieut. S''itve, noisome.

\frican Juppirer.
sea-shore,

liiiiiiiis, i,

m., Jiook,
f.,

liiik.
;

ffraviter, adv., heavily ; deeply. grayo, are, avi, atuin, burden,

ireiyli

liarena. ae.
heach.

.mnd

dnirn.
l,

j^reiiiiuin, brace.

n.,

bosom, em;

Iiarenosus, a, um. sandy. Harpal.vce, es, f., a warrior and

liuiitre.s

of Tin-ace.

gressus,
coiirse.

iis,

m., tread, gait

step,

Harpyia, ae, f., a Harpy. harundo, iuis, f., reed ;

shaft,

Gryneus,

arroic. Orynian, o.f Grynia, a town in Aeoiis with a hasta, ae, f., lance, spear. teniple of ApoUo. hastile, is, n., spear-shaft, spear

a.

um,

gfubernaculuin,
der, tiller.
pilot.

I, n., lielin,

rud-

shoot (of a tree).

haud,

adv., not, hy no means.

grubernator, oris, m., helmsmaii,

haurio,
suffer.

ire, hansl, drain, drink ; drink

be dull;

liaustnm,
in,

receive

gurg-es,

aby,ss, deep, sea.

-itis. m., whirlpool, gul/ ; ivaters, flood ; the

hebeo. ere,
he chilled.

be sluggish, dull,

gnsto, are. avi, atuni, taste. gutta. ae. f., drop. gutt-ur, -uris, n., throat ; Jaics.

hebeto, are, avi, atuin,

dim.

Gyaros,

i. f.,

small isiand in the

Hebrus, Hecate.

i.

m., a river of Thrace.

Aofi-ean sea.

Gyas, ae, m., gyrus, i,.m.,

coil.

a comrade of Aeneas. circle, ring ; Jold, a

es. f.. a proddess of the ioiver wond, identitied \\ath Luna in lieaven and Diana 6n eartli.

Hector. oris, m., tlie eidest son of Ir^riam and bravest of tiie Tro.jans. Heetoreus, a. uin. of Hector,
Hector's jan.
;

H.
habena, ae,
possess
; f.,

hence, generaliy, Trof.,

rein.

liabeo, ere. ui. ituin, have, hold,

constder, regard.

habilis, e, handy, ready, light. habito. are, avl, atum, innahit

lire. dicell.

Hecuba, ae, hei. see ei. Helena. ae.

Helenus,
Helorus,
;

tlie

wife of Priam.

f..

iaus, carried off

;
i,

the vnie of Meneby Paris to Troy.

m., a son of Priam, a

.

sootiisayer.
1,

liabitus, us, m., appearance, bearing

;

dress, raiment, garb.

m., a river of Siciiy.

i.

liac, adv.,

bac bac.

on

here

this side, this icay there.

Iiactenns. adv., thus far, to

point, to this
tiiiie.

this

Hel.yinus, Aeneas a herba, ae.

m., a

companion of
plant

Siciiian.
f.,

herb, grass, herbage, sivard.

liaereo, ere, baesi, liaesum. hang, cling, be fixed, be caught atand .fast, linger, hang upon, be
rootfid to the spot.

Hereules, is. m., Hercides, a demlg-od, renowned for iiis strengtii. Herculeus, a. um, of or belonging to Hercules.
,

VOCABULARY.
her-es, -edis, m.,
heir.

37

the daughter of Menelaus and Helen. her-6s, -6is, m., demigod, hero.
es,
f.,

Hermione,

herus, see erus. Hesperia, ae, f., the western

Uesperia
;

a poetic

name

land, for Itali/.

Hesperis,
X>erianuiii,
f.

idis, f., as subst., Hespericles,

phir..

tvegtem, HesJIesperide.<<,

the

a, um, gerundive d/ iiorreo, horrible, dreddful, awfal, ; awe-inspiriny, dread. horrens, entis, part. of liorreo, rouyh, bristliny, shayyy ; awful, yloomy. horreo, ere, ui, bristle, sta?id up ; shudder, tremble ; shudder at, dread. horreseo, ere, horrul, tremble, shudder ; shuddsr at, dread.

horrendus,
.fearfxd

daug-hters of Hesperus, keepers of a garden of golden fruit in the far west.

horridus, a.

um, bristliny,

rouyh,

Hesperius,

heu,

a, um, western, Hesperian, Italian. alas! ahme! interj., a?(

.'

shaygy, prickly ; dreadful.

rify.

terrible, aivful,

horrific6, are, avi,

atum,

ter-

heus, iiiterj., 7(0.' hothere! ha hiatus, iis, m., yawning, chasm, gulf ; yawniny mouth. hlbernus, a, um, of winter, wintry ; as subst., hlberna,

horrificus, a, rible, awful.

um,

dreadful, ter-

horrisonus,
dread

a,

mu,

of awful
terror,

sound, jarriny.

horror, 6ris. m., horror,

;

6rum,

n. plur.,

winter-camp.
this.

hic, haee, hoc,

dread sound,fearful din. hortator, oris, m., sugyester,

counseUor.

hic, adv., here, hereupon.

hortor, ari, atus sum, encouraye,

tirye, incite.

hienis, hieniis, f., winter ; storm, tempeM ; storminess ; personified, the Storm, Tempest.

hosp-es,
host
;

-itis,

m. and

f.,

yiiest

stranyer.

hinc,
forth
side

adv.,
;

from
thut,

thence
;

.from

hinc atque hinc, on

on each
side.

this place, hence, this time, hencethis

hospitiuni, 1, n., hospitality, ivelcome ; sheller ; friendly place,

hospitable resort.

and on

hospitus, a,
hostia, ae,

um,

stranye, alien.

hio, are, avl, atum, gape, yawn, open the mouth.

f.,

victim, sacrijice.

hostilis, e, of an
enemy's, hustile.

enemy. an stranger:
hither,

Hippoco6n, ontis,

m.,
;

one

of

Aeneas' comrades. hisc6, ere, o^^en the mouth

falter,

hostis, is, enemy.

liiie,

m. and
to

f.,

yasp out. hodie, adv., to-day, now.

adv.,

this place,

here.

hom-6, man;
people.

-inis, m. and f., a mortal, in plur., men, mankind,

humanus,
inortals.

a,

um, human,

of

humect6, huniens, humidns,

see

honor

(or honos), oris, m., honor. reyard, respect ; mark of honor : worship, offering, sacrijice ; rexvard, recoTnpense ; beauiy, lustre, grace.

umeet6.
sec

etc.

humerus,
humilis,

umerus.
;

e, Zoif, low-lying

lowly.

tion6ratu8, a, nm, part. of noro, honored, revered, in reverence.

hum6, are, avi, atum, bury. ho- humus, i, f., earth, yround, soil
liuml,
locatlve,
f.

on the yround.
plur., the

Hyades, um,
f.,

Hyades,

tiora, ae,

hour

time.

a group of seven stars in Taurus.

:i

VIROIL, AENEID,
f..

I.-VI.

y^ydvii, ao.

the Hi/ilra, n iiuvnyi,

;

ijjnfivus. a,
.'^piritle.ts,

uin, idle, couardly.

slitggish,

Hynienacus,
Kod of

m.,

niarriaijo mtptial.t, bridal.

Ili/mett, thc plur., mnrriagc,

Igneus,
glutcing.

a,

um,

fiery,

bttrning,
;

Ig^nis, is, m., Jire,

flame
;

thunderpassioti,

Hypanis,

is, ni.,

a Trojan.
;

bolt,

Hyrefjnus,

a, uin, oftlie Ifipxani,

love

lighttiing, nash fiiry, tcratlt.

aCanpasian trilic Hi/rraiiiaii. Igndlnlis, e, obscure, base, lowborn. Hyrtaeicles, ae. ni., san of HijrIsnoro, are, avi, atuiu, be igtacita.
noratit o/, not to knotv.

Ignotus, a, uni, unknown, undiscovered, strange.

larbas, ae, m., a

tania.

kin^;:

of Mauri-

Il-ex, -icis,

f.,

holm-oak,

ilex.

lasides, ae,

ni.,

descendant or son

iila, ae, f., a poeticnl lihea Silvia, motlior of

name of Komulus

of lasitts.
iasins, i, ni., brother of Dardanus, and one of the founders of the Trojan race.
iaspi.s, idis, {.,jasper.
ibl, adv., tliere, tlien, thereupon.

and Remus.
iliaeus, a, uin, of Ilium, Trojan.
ilias, adis,
f.,

Trnjan icoman.
the eldest d.iufjliter
m.,

Uieet,

adv., at once, straitjhtway.

f.,

ibldeni, atlv., in the same jdace. learus, l, m., son of Daedalus. leo, ere, iel, ietuni, strilce, smite. ietus, us, m., stroke, blow, thrust.
Crete ; a mountain in Phrygia near Troy. idaeus, a, uni, of Ida.

ilione, es, of Priam.

ilioneus,
Aeneas.
ilinui,
I,

el,
n., a

connwle of

name of Troy.
glide

ida. ae,

f.,

a mountain

iii

ilius, a. uiu, Ilian, Trojan.

il-Iiibor.
in, cidi-r
i,
;

-lapsns suiu,

inspire.

Idaeus.
Priam.

I,

ni.,

charioteer

of

illaetabilis, e,juyless.
ille.

a,
;

ud,

idalia. ae,

f.,

miiuntain sacred to Venus.

I

or Idaliuiu, i, n., a and city in Cyiirus,

a,

famoiis

yotider, that, as subst., he, slie, it.

tlie

illle, adv., there, in that place.

da1 i u

iiu.

<f Idalium,
thnt
7-eason,

Idalian.
ideii'e6. adv., therefore ; fo. Inr
(ill tltat.

il-IIdo, ere, -llsl, -llsuni, dash 112)011 ; crush. illinc, sAx.,tlience ; on that side.
illfie, adv.. thither, t.liat direction.
t.liat

way, in

Ideni,

eadem,

ideiu, the same

ulsu, liketiiiye.

il-Iudo, ere,
at, viock at,

-liisl, -Ivisuni, jeer

ideo, adv., on that account,for this

reuson, therefore.

make

sport.

illustris,

e,

famous,

renowned,

Idoineneus,

el, m., leader of the

illustriotts, noble.

Cretans against Troy. igitur, conj.. then, therefure. Ignarus, a, uin. nut knmcitiy, ignorant of. titiacquainted tvith,
unaivare, unsuspecting.

illuvies, ei,t.,Jilth.

Illyricus, a, uiu, o/ Illyria, Illyriit

II.

ilus, I, m., an earlier lulus or Ascauiiis.

name

VOCABUI-.ARY.
IiiiaS'u. iinaye,

89
i.

inis,
copt/
;

t".,

likeneag,
nliafle

/nrm.
;

inioeriuin,

n..

ciii.iiuii

ml

au-

f/hosf,

ap-

pearance; tlioiitjht. imbellis, e, unicarlike ;

iiii-lHjr.

thority, poiver ; sovereignty, .siva;/, dominion, empire ; kingdom, realin.

iwiverlpss.

-bris.

ni.,
;

.sform-cloud, .storni

rain-fitnrm, Jinod, iratvr.

impero, are, avl, atum, command.

inipetus, us,
speed, .force.
ni., assaiilt,

ord&r,

violence

imitabiTis, e, that

may he imitated ;
suiu,.
iinitate,

w. noii, inimitable.

impiger,
force

iniitor, ari, atiis represent, rival.

grra, jsrrum, not indolent. quick, brisk, eager.

to, liiirl

im-pinj?o, ere, -pejjl, -paetuin,

against.

iinmanis,

e,

monatroun,

httge,

va:t. enormoiiit ; inhunian, cious, fierce, savaije.

atrolieed-

impius,
jjious,

a, um, sacrilegious, imunholy, unnatiiral, aca,

cursed.

iniinenior, oris, unmindful,

leiiii,

forijetjul.

implacatns,
remorseless.
flll

um,
;

insatiable,

inimen.sus, a. um.,'immeasurable,
iimnense, boundless, vaxt.

im-pleo, ere, -plevl, -pletum,

up, flll : take one'sflU.

iininer-8:6, ere,
j>l iinrje,

satisfy

iu

pa.s.s.,

-sl,

-sum,
;

drotcn.

iniineritus, a, uni, undesercing

unoffendini), guiltless.

implico, are, avl, atum, nr ul, itum, en.fald, ticine around ; encircle,

grasp, clasp.
atuiii, im-

iinmineo, ere, overhang. iin-nii.sceo, ere, -misoul, -inixtuiii or -inistuni,

irith
;

imploro, are, avl,

plore, beseech, entreat.

niinf/li^

in ur

im-pono, ere, -posul,

jilace on.
set

-posituiiir
.tet

vunif^h intn.

put

iu

pluci-. pitt,

iininltis, e, merciless, rufhless.

iiii-iiiitt'>,
."r.nd

over

lay doicn. imjiose.

arl,
for.

ero, -inlsl, -inissum,

iniprecor.
voke,

jitus

suin,

//;-

into. drive to ; lefin. adniit : iii pas.s., riish or burst in ; let loose. let ao, ttrge on ; let arow ; letfloic.

pray

iin-primo, ere, -pressl, -pres-

sum, impress ; emboss. improlms, a, uiii, malicioas,

icnnton, .shameless, insolent cenous.

bad,
ra-

nay, nay rather. iinmortrilis, e, immortal,

adv.,

iinmo,

im-

peri.9haMe, undi/ing.

improvidus.
iinprovlso,

a, uin, un/oreseeing,

immotus,
bti-.iiilfast,

a,

heedless, bliiul.
iiin,

part. of iin.^ecure,
fi.rml.

inoveo, uninoved,
lininufrio, ire,
iiiinin,

ad\'.,

unexpectedly.
uii/oreseen,

unshaken, inimocahle.

improvlsus, a, uin,
tinexpecfed, sudden.

ivl

(il),

Itum,

riiar ivitliin, resounil.

imniundus,

a, uin,/o/, ttnclean.

iinpubes, is, yoiif.h/ul, young. iinpune, adv., tcith impunity.

Iiims, a, uni, superlative of in-

iin-par.
iiiiifclied.

-paris,

unequal,

ill-

ferus.

impedio,
iler.

n-e, Ivl fll), Itum, entangle, encircle, inf.erweace ; Itin-

iu,

prep.

(1)

w.

abl.,

in,

icithin.

iin-pello, ere, -piili, -pulsiini,

strike af/ainsf, sfrike. smifi' : drire on, urge on. inoce, stir ; occrtucu ; urye, tncite, excite, induce.
^

on, at ; considering, in the case ot, in regard to ; (2) w. acr., into, to, upon, against, toicards

among,

until for.

accordinq

to, ivith

vieiv to,

inaniabilis, e, unlovely, hateful

40

VIRC.II.,

AENEID,

l.-Vl.

Inanij^, e, empty. tirtrmJ : nUe, vselesii, meanhii/less. viiin ; mere.

in-cre.sic^. ere. -crevi. -cretuin,

.'/'<"' i>J>-

incaiius, a. uni, lumry. incassum (also in cussuni), ndv.,

in vain.

incul)-6. are. -ul. -ituiii, ujiiin ; brood over ; hoard.

lii

incautus, a, uni,
offone's gnard.

nnsiispecting,

incultns, a, uiii. nncultivated, wild ; nnkempt, unt riniined.

in-cumlio, ere. -ciibul. -cubituill. rest or lie iijinn lean over, overhang ; to irork.
:

in-cedo, ere, -cessi, -cessuni, go, move, advance ; stride. incendiuni, i, n., /ire. in-cendo. ere, -cendi, -censuin,
kindle.biirn. fet Jire to inflame, e.vcite,Jire.
;

Jnll

iijion

bend

to, set

in-curr6. ere. -currl^-cucurri), -cursuni, riish in, chiirge.

iiicurv6, are, avl. atuiii, bend. inciis6, are. avl. atuiii, chide,
reproach,
ujibr/iid.

light tip

Inceptum.
incertus. a.
ing
;

i.

n.,

undertaking, at-

tempt, purpose.
iincerfain, vnverunsteady, ill-niined ; dim.
iis.

um.

in-cuti6, ere, -cussl, -cussuin,

strike into.

incessus.
riage.

m., tread, gait, cardeflle,

indago,

inis,

f.,

toils, nets.

incesto. are, avi. a.tuni,

pollute.

inde. nA\...froin thnt jilace, thence ; then, after thut, u/terwards. indebitns, a, uiii. unearned, unpromised.

in-cido, ere. -cidl, -casuiii, Jall upon, rusli upon. in-cTdo. ere, -cldi. -cisuin, cut
into, ciit.

indeprensus.
Indl. 6ruiii.

a, covered, unnoficeil.
iii.

uiii,

undis-

phir., the jienjAe oj

in-cipio, ere,

-cepi, -ceptuin,
f.,

Inilia, the Indiiuis.

begin, undertake.

indicium.
cruelty, harsUtiiin,

I. n.,

evidence,

injprma-

inclementia, ae,
ness.

churge.

in-ciud5, ere. -clusl. -clusum,

shut
in, enclose,

in-dlc6. ere. -dlxi. -dictum. decliire, jjroclaim ; urdcr. ajjjjoint.

indlffnor. arl. atus suiii. be indignant at, chafe. indlgrnus, a, uni. umvorthy ; undeserved, shameful, unjust. indoniitus. a. uiii. unsubdued
unconquerable, Jierce, stubborn.

conpne.

Indutus,

a, uiii,' illustrious, renowned, famoiis.

incog^nitus, a, um, unknmcn. incoho, are, avl, atuiii, begin

biiild.

incoI-6, ere, -ul, inhabit, dwell. incolumis. e, unharmed, sa/e ; unshaken.Jirm. incomitatus, a, uni. unattended. liiconcessus, a, um, forbidden,
unlaicful.

in-duc6. ere, -diixl, -ductuiii, draiv on, put on ; inditce, alliire.

indul-g;e6, ere,
-sl,

-tuiii,

into,

dulge, indulge in, yieid to.

give

ivay

inconsnltus, a,
vice.

uiii, loithout

ad-

ind-n6. ere. -ul. -iituiii. jnit on, assume; ivreathe; in pass. reflexively, put on, don. indutus. a. uiii, part. of indno,
clad, arrayed.

incredibilis, e, incredible, ^tafising

belief.

inerepito, are, avl, atuin, chide

chaltenge.

ineluctabiiis,

e, inevitable.

lncrep-6, are, -ul, -ituiii. sound ; chide, rebiike.

rattle,

in-e6. Ire, -Ivl (-iii, -itum, enter, go iiito ; enter upon ; undertake. iuermis, e, unarmed, defenceless.

VOCABULARY.
In-ers, -ertis, sluggish, spiritless
lifeless, stiff.
;

41
f.,flUet.

infula, ae,

inexperttis, a, uni, untried. inextrleabilis, e, inextricable. Infabricatus, a, uni, unshaped.

In-fundo, ere, -fudl, -fusnm, pour on, pour doivn ; pour or .shed over ; in pa.ss., throng, crowd
pervade, be shed abroad.

infandus,
horrihle.

a, um, ^inspeakahle, unutterahle ; dreadful, monstrous,

f.,

ing^emino, are, avl, atum,

doiible,

re-

repeat ; also intrans., be redoubled, increase.

in-gemo, ere, -gemnl, groan,

infant,
ill-

infans, antis, m. and

babe.

infaustns, a,
Jated.

um,

ill-omened,

infeetus, a, uni, not done, false. uifeetus. part. ot' infleio, stained
inicrought, ingroicn.

sigh, lament. iui^ens, entis, huge, vast, massive, enorraous ; great, mighty. ingrratns, a, um, untveJcome, piainful ; ungratefvl, thankless,

^mfeeling.

Infelix, leis, luckless, unfortunate

ill-hoding
hitter.
;

in-gredior, I, -js^ressns snm, gn, walk, pace ; land ; enter upon,

undertake
;

scanty, .niserable.
hosiile,

begin.
-I,

infensus, a, nni,

enraged.
the

ingrn-6, ere,
uj)on, assnil.

rush upon, burst

um, infernal, of lower ivorld. Infero, inferre, intull, illatum, bring tn, hear to, carry into ; offer ; w. bellum, make, wage. Inferus. a. nm, below, underneath : compai-. Inferior, ine, inferior. loicer, meaner ; superl., .mns, a, nm, loicest, deepest ; the bottom
Infernus, a,
of, the
oiis,

inliio, are, avl, atum, gape gaze eagerly, pore over. inhonestus, a, um, inglorious,

shameful.

inliorreo, ere. nl,

rough, roughen.

bristle

grow

inliospitus, a,

inhumatus,
inimlcus,
friendly
;

a,

depths nf, inmost.

infestns. a,
ening.

um,

deadly, fatal

hostile, danger; levelled, threat-

a, deadly, destructive.

um, inhospitahle. um, unhuried. um, hostile, ununfair, unjust,

inlqnus, a,

um,

in-flgo, ere, -flxl, -flxnm, fx upon, impale ; fnsten. In-flndo, ere, -fldl, -flssum,
clea ve.

hostile.bitter ; unfavorable,harsh; w. sors, cruel, unhappy ; insufflcient, narroiv, scnnty.

in-jicio.

inflt, defective verh, he begins.

ere, -jeel, -jeetum, throiv. cast, hurl at ; w. se, ,fling one's self, rush, ae, f., injustice, insult, off'ront, outrage.
ivrong

Inflammo,
kindle
;

are,

avl,

atum, injuria,

inflame.

In-flecto, ere, -flexl, -flexum, bend ; move, touch. Inflo, are, avl, atnm, blow into,
Jill. sivell.

injussus, a, um, unhidden. in-necto, ere, -nexul, -nexnm,

tie,

bind

enwrap ;

invent,

conupoi;,

trive,fraine.
e, shapeless,

Informis,
hideous.

misshapen,

inno, are, avl, atnm, float

sail upon.

infraetus, a,

nm,

part.

of in-

innoxius, a,

um,

frino, hroken, overoorne.

Infrendeo, ere, gnash, grind. Infrenns, a, um, unbridled, reinless.

innnmerus,
countless.

harmless. a, uni, innumerable,

;

innuptus,

a, nm, unmarried fem., tnaiden, virgin.

In

12

VlKiiir.,
cri'.

AENEII),

I.-Vl.
iiulorlinalilo, n.,image,like; in a|)|K)Sition

ln-olesoo.
f/rof

-levi, -olitnni.

instar,
nrss
a.-<
:

ni. Iwriiiin; iiHiraineii.

:i,

mieii.jiresence

Inopimis,
.S,l,h'll.

unr,

V7iexnecleil

adj., tike.

Instauro, are, avl. atuin,

iestore,

reneir.
lyieir
;

In-oiis, -opis,
tiiti:

rerice

cclebritte

7"")/-, iicJpless, desfi-

rr/iii!/, reqiiite.

inous.
(loiJS
;

iii-stcrno. ere, -stravi,

ji,
iii

-straiiri/e

uiii.
iiuise.
,

(>/

liio,

.<(' </'

;i .sea-jrixiIiio.

tuiii, s/iread orer, rorer.

iii.stlg'6,

are, avi, atuin,

on,

in<|nHiii, (iclePliVe verli, mij.

rlieei oii.

Insani:i. ao,

f-,

tnafliiess.

instit-u6, crc, -ui,-utuin, /(/''/,

estiihli.ili, iirdii/n.

insaniis,
rii iil
.

:i,

niii,

innd

iimpirefi.

Insfius. a,

niii, nnt kiiiiwinf/, ii/nn-

iiiiiiiiisi iiiiift.

in-st6, -starc, -stitl, -st:ituii.i, jiress 011, jmrsnr. ; iivf/e forirard, piisli on ; be earnest, iiitent ; be at
liand.

ln-si-ril)6, fi-f, -scripsi, tuili. inili' iin. iiiiirl.'.

-sorip-

in-struo, ere, -struxl, -structuiii, arrange. urrui/; drair u/i, set iii order ; .furnish, equip, arin.

m-scquor,
iin.

I.
;

-secutris

suni../r</-

liiir, jiiir.tiie

\v. intiii., /iriH,'iil. i/n

in-scro, cre, -serui, -scrtuni,

pllt
iil. Ii'l iii.

Insuetus, a, uni, unaccustonuid,

uniroided.
islaiul. insula, ae, insulto, are, avl, atuni,
I'.,

Iii-scrto. arc, avi, atniii. /nit

tlirii.^t

in,

in.

leaji

in-si<ic6.
rest
ii/iiiii.

e*e,
tiike
Iiiilil.

-sedi,
ii/> on''.'s

-sessuni.
aborle
iii

iijion

; ea-iilf,

be insolent.
lie

instiin, incsse, Infui,

on, he there.
;

in,

be

ocriijii/.

insidiac. arnin.
Strfitiii/em, trick,

1'.

\>\u\:.
t

innlinsh

iril,'.s,

ri^iirlirri/.

in-su6, ere, -sui, -siituni,

.vew in.

in-sido, ere. -sedl, -sessuin,

fle iin, (ilii/lit on.

set-

insupcr,

a(lv.-,-<fi!)()fe,

vcer; vmre-

orer, hesidrs.

Insijs^nc, is, n.. decorntion, flerice : XV pliir., insif/iiia, trapjrinf/s, eqitipiiients.

insupcrabilis, e, unconquerahlr. in-snrgo, crc, -snrrexi, -siirrectuiii, rise

iijion,

riseto, risr.
ttn-

liisijfnis, c. dislint/uisli,'il.
ahlt'. riiiis/iiriioiis ; did, briiiitifiil.

remark-

hriU.iant,splensieaJ,

intactus, a. uin. initouched,

broken
;

inaiden, rirf/in.

insinuo, are, avi, atuni,

creeji.

intcser, srra, sfruin,

intciiicratus,
intt^iiipcstus,
able
;

vliole, iinimj)airr.d.,frcsh, rii/oroiis.

In-sisto. cre, -stiti, f read, set ffiot

a. a.
t.lie

uiii,

jnirr, un-

on

hi i/iii.

Slililllil. lilislilliril.

insonuiiuni, I, ii., dreniii, vision. in-sono, are, -soniii, sound,

resoinid.

uiii,

unseasfm-

in-sons, -sontis,
cent.

(/iiiltless,

inno-

dead of iii;/ht. in-tend6. cre, -tcndi, -tentum stretch, sjiread, or -t['nsum, swnll ; cover icith, hnng ivith.
\v.

no.x,

insperatus, a, uni, unlwiiedfor. In-spicl6, ere,-spexl,-spectuin,

looK upon, overlook.

intcnt6, are, avl, atnni. hold ont threateningly, brandish; threaten. incentus, a, um, part. of iutendo,
sfrefclied,

l--splr6, are, avl, atuin, breatlie i.i'o ur upion, inspiire.

strainecl-^

straining,

eager, intent, attentive.

VOCABULARY.
Inter, prep. w. acc, between, amnng, in the miast of ; during ; w. reflfxive, each nne or one ttnother, pre.ceded by icith, to, froin, etc, together.

43

in-veli6, ere, -vexl, -\'ectum, bear or cai-ry along ; in pass., be

bnrne, ride, sail.

Inter-eludo, ere, -clusi, -clusuiii, ciit off, prevent.

in-veni6, ire. -venl, -ventum, come upon, find ; discnver, devise. inventor, 6ris, m., deviser, contriver.

interdum,

adv., snmetimes.

interea, adv.. meanwhile, meantime. interfor, ari, atus snm, hreak

in,

invergo, ere, pour upon.

invictus,
a,

uni,

vnronquered,

intemipt.

uncon(juei'able, invincihle.

interf usns. a,
flushed.

um. part. of interbetu:een

;

in-video. ere, -vldl,

envy, grudge.

-vlsuin,
grudr/e,

fundo, floicing
interior,
ius,

suffused,
in-

inA'idia, ae,
hatred, ill-will.
see, visit.

f.,

envy,

comparative,

terior, inner, icithin.

in-vls6, ere, -vlsl, -vlsum, go to

interluo, eve,floiu between, wash. interpres, pretis.ni. aiid f., interpreter

;

invlsus, a, uin,

part. of

invideo,

agent, author.

huted, hateful, detested, odious.

interritus, a,

um,

unterrified, un-

daunted, fearless.

invlsus, a, uui. unseen. invit6. are, avl, atum,

attract,

invife

Inter-rumpo, ere, -rupl, -rnptuin, break

tercal, gap.
oJt\
i,

Mure.

interrujH.

invltus, a, uni, unwilling. reluctant, against the will.

intervalluni,

space betiveen, in-

invi^s, a,

um, pathless,
-volvl,
;

trackleas,

in-tex5, ere. -texui, -textnm, weave in, embroider ; frame; entwine.

impassable, inaccessible.

ln-voIv6. ere,

-volu-

tuin, wra.p,enfold

intimus,
der

a,

um,

superlative of

interior, inmost.

I6nius, a, um, I6pas, ac, m., a Carthaginian bard.

Ipliitus,
I,

cover,engulf. lonian.

inton-6, are, -ui, -atum, thun;

tliunder forth.

m., a Trojan.

in-torqueo, ere,

-torsl,

tum, hurl.
intra, adv.
aiid prep.

-tor-

ipse, a,

w. acc, within.

self 'emphatic), Mmhe himself, I myself, etc; the very, even.

self, my.tel.t,
f.,

um,

intractabilis,

ira, ae,

anger, wrath

scnurge.

e, U7itamed,fierce.

intrem-6, ere,
shudder.
enter.

-ui, tremble. quake,

Ir-is, -idis, f., the messenarer ot Juno, the goddes.s of the rainbow.

intr6, are, avl,

atum, go

into,

intro-^retlior, i, -gressus come in, enter. intns, adv., u-ithin. inuitus, a, uin, unavenged.

sum,

irremeabilis, e, i rref raceahle, from which is nn return. ir-ride6, ere, -rlsi, -rlsnm,
laugh at, mock, scorn. irrigo, are, avl. atum,
steep, he-

dew

shed, diffu.se.

inutilis, e, useless, unavailing. in-vado, ere, -vasi, -vasum, enti,-; ; enter upon, begin ; rush
..j:07i,

irrlt6, are, avi, provoke.

atnm,

incense,

irritus, a,
ineffective,

um, useless,
vain
;

unavailing,

attack, assail.
feeble,

in vain, to

no

purpnse.

invalidus, a, uin, weak,

infirm.

ir-ruinp6, ere, -rupl, -ruptum,

burst in, rush into.

44
upon.
Is,

VIRGIL, AENEID,
in,

I.-VI.

Ir-rno, erc, -rui, nish

ea, Id,
he, Hhe.

ru.th

januii, ae, f., door, enfrance. jeeur, jecoris aiid Jecinorts,

lirer.

n.,

fhnf,

////,t,

such.

iste, a. \id, fhaf (dv fhis) o.f ynurs, he. she, oftoii witli aii idoa offoiitempt ; such.

Juba, ae, f., mane ; crcst. Jubar, aris, ii., ray o.flight,
ness, daitn.
bid,

bright-

istinc, nA\.,.from

therr,,

from

u-here

you
ita,

are.
fhus,
f'.,

j ubeo, ere, J ussi, J ussuin,

order,

coinmand.
a,

a(l\'.,

.so.

Jueundus,
Ughf.ful.

uni, jdeasant, dc-

Italia,

Jie,

Jfiily.

Italiis, a, um, Italian, as subst., Itali, oruin, m., the Jtalians. iter, itineris, ii., icay, .jnnrney, march, road, course,path, j)assage.

jud-cx, -ieis, iii. aiid i.,judge. Judicium, i, \\.,.judgment, decision.

Jugalis, e, hridal, miptial, of marriage. iteruni, adv., again, a second time. jugeruni, 1, n., measure ot land, Itliaea, ae, f., an islaiirt iii the acre, (strictlv a little more than loniaii sea, the home of Ulysses. lialf an English acre). Itliacus, a, uui, of Tthaca, Jtha- ju^o, are, avi, atuin, unite in can ; as subst., Ithacus, 1, m., marriage, marry. the Ithacan, i.e., Ulysses. Jugum, 1, n., yoke ; team ofhorses ; lulus, 1, m., a name of Ascanius, bench, rotver's height, ridge ; Aeneas' son. thwart.

Ixion, onis,
Lapithae.

m.,

kiiif?

of the

Julius,

1, m., the name of a Roman family, to whidi Julius C;usar and

Augustus lielonged.
J.

junctura, ae,
Juiigo,
; ;

t'.,joinf.

jaceo, ere, ui,

ituiii, lie,lie down be situated ; lie low, be outspread lie prostrate, lie slain.

ere, Junxl,
;

Junotum,

.join, unite

yoke.

jacio, ere, jecl, jactuni, throw, cast, hurl, fling ; scatter ; throw
up.

Jiino, onis, f., queen of the gods, sister and wife of Jove. Junonius, a, uin, ofJuno, ,Jtino's.

jactans, antis,

part.

of Jacto,

boastjul, vainglorious.

Juppiter, Jovis, m., thc supreme deity of the Romans. Juro, are, avl, atuin, take an
swear ; swear by. juris, n., right,justice, law. Jussnm, I, n., order, hidding, command. jussus, us, m., order, bidding
oath,
Jiis,

jacto, are, avi, atuin, throw, cast, hurl, fling ; bandy {blows) ;
toss, swa.y, roll about ; pour forth, w. se, boast, utter ; revolve ; glory, vaunt. loss. jactura, ae, f., jaculor, ari, atns suni, hurl,

command.
Justitia, ae,
j
t'.,justice.

dart.

jaculum, I, n., jam, aflv., now,

but presently
;

dart, javelin. already, at length ; noic ; thereajter, just 7WW,

;

ustus, a,
eoiis
;

um, just,

uprighf, right

fair. e, youthful, ofyouth.

l,

juvenalis,

prideni, long since even then, already. (auitor, oris, m.,

warder.

jam dudum, Jam Jam tum,

door-keeper,

Juvencus,
juvenis,

m., bullock, steer.

is,

m. and
f.,

f.,

a young per-

son, youth.

Ju%'enta, ae,

yduth.

VOCABULARY.
jnventas,
youth.
tatis,
f.,

45

youth, vigor of

Liaclnins, a,
wliich

juventus,

tvitls, tivelj', the youtli,

sist,

f.,

youth

collec-

nm, oj Lacinium, a promontory of Southern Italy, on was a temple of Juno,

f.,

tlie

young men.
aid, as-

Lacinian,

jnvo, are, Juvl, Jutnm,

jnxta,
adv. and prep.
vr.

lacrima, ae,
able.

tear.

help ; please, be pleasant, give pleasure, deliglit.

lacriina.bilis,

e,

mournful,

piti-

acc, near,

lacrimo, are, avi, atnm, weep,

shed tears, la ment.

next, closeby,

hardhy.

lacns, U8, m.,

lake, pool actly, river, streinn.

less exstrike,

K.
Kartliago,
ials, f., Carthage, citv iu Xortliern Africa.

laedo, ere, laesi. laesnm,

a
pierce, injure, thioart.

mar ;

hurt, ojfend,

laena, ae,

f.,

cloak, mantle.

L,.

labe-facio, ere, -feci, -factnni,

cause to totter or waver,
agitaAe.

nm, oj' Laertes, the father of Ulysses. laetitia, ae, f., joy, gladness, enjoymeiit, bounty.
Laertin.s, a,

shake,

laetor, ari, atus

glad.

sum,

rejoice, be

labens,
labes,
is,

entis,

part.

of

labor,

laetus, a.

slippery.

f.,JaU. dowrtfall, strdke

nm, glad, joyful, cheerfut; hajury, werry ; rejoicing, exzdting in ; abounding, rich in.

taint, spot, stain. laevus, a, nm, le.ft, on the le_ft hand ; xtnjjropitious ; infatuated iabd, are, avi, atnm, totter, give way, yield ; icaver, liesitate. f. as subst., laeva (sc. manns), the le.ft hand ; adv. laevum, on labor, I, lapsns snm, slide, slide the left. down, slip, glide along ; glide away, pass away, wane ; sitik, Iamb-6, ere, -I, -itnm, lick, lap play aroutul. fall, perish. labor, oris, m., labor, toil, ivork, lamenta. orum, n. plur., xvailing,

task ; hardship, trouhler eclipse.

misfortune,

lamentatinn.

lamentabilis,
able.

e, lam^ntable, pitif.,

laboratns,

a. um,part. of laboro, worked, wrouglit,Jasliioned.

lainp-as, -adis,
brand.

torch,

burning

labyrintlins,

I, m., lahyrinth. maze, e.^pecially that in Crete. lac, lactis, n., milk ; Juice. Lacaenns, a, nm, Lciconian, Sjjartan ; f. as subst., tlie Laconian

laniger, era, erum, wool-bearing,

fleecy.

Iani6, are, avi, mangle.

Apollo.

atum,

tear, rend,

woman,

Uelen.

Laoco-6n, -ontis,
Lacedae-

m., a priest of

Lacedaemonins, a, uni,
nionian, Spartan.

Laoflamia. ae,
self for love of silaus, slain at

f.,

whokilledher-

mutilated, lacer, era, ernm, mangled. torn. lacero, are, avl, atnm, tear, rend, mangle. lacertus, l, upper arm, arni. Iacess-6, ere, -ivi '-iii, -itam, excite, provoke, challenge, stir up.

her liuband ProteTroy.

Laomedonteus, a, nm, of Laomedon, a kiny of Troy, hence Trojan.

Laomedontiades, ae,

m., son or descendant of Laomedon, a king cf Troy ; hence, Trojan.

46

VIRGIL, AENEID,

I.-VI.

lapiclu.siiK. a, iini, stony.

laurus,

lap-is, -idis, m., sloiie; marble. Lapitliiic, aruiii, m. plur., tlie Lapithiie, a tribe of Tliessaly who fouylit with tlie Centaurs.

I or iis, i.,laurel, bay-tree; laurel icreath.

f.,

Iau8, landis,

^jj-atse,

glory, re-

nown
vierit.

x>raiseworthy deed, worth,

lap^o, are, avi. atum, sli^y. lapsus, iis. m., f/liiUng motion,
(/liiliiif/
:

sivooj)

coiir.se.

laque-ar. -aris,
Jretteil rooj.

n.,

panel, ceiling,

Liir. Laris. m., (usuallv in phir.), deity, liouseliold god, tutetar

guardian spirit. larsus, a. um, copious, abundant,

fidl
;

ample, large,/ree.

Larissaeus. a, um, of Larissa, icet, moisten, soak. a town of Tliessaly, tbe supposed laxo, are, avl. atnm, abode of Achilles.
lassns, a,
ivide.

Lfivlnia. ae, f., daughter of Latinu.*, nnd wife of Aeneas. 1, n.. a city of Latium, liuilt liy Acncas, and named in bonor of lii.s second wife La\inia. Lavlnius, a, um, of Lavinium, Lavinian. Lavinus, a, nni, of Lavinium, Lavinian. lavo. are (ere), lavl, lavatnin (lautum, lotnin), bathe, wash

Laviniiim.

um,

icearied, tired.

loosen, undo, open ; let go, let loose, clear relax, refresh.

late, adv., broadly, widely, far

and laxns,

a, uin, slack, loose, looaened.

latebra, ae,
treat
;

f.,

hiding-place, re-

caccrn.

leb-es, -etis, m., caldron, kettle. lectus, a. um, p:\rt. of leffo, chosen,
Ijicktd, choict', eminent, excellent.

latebrosus, a. xim,full ofhidingplaces or recesses, crannied. latens, entis, part. of lateo, hidden, secret.

lateo, ere, ui,

lie hid, lie

toncealed.,

litrk ; be covered ; be unknown, escape the knowledge of.

lectus, 1, m., couch, bed. Leda, ae, f., tbe mother of Helen. Ledaeus, a, um, of Leda, desceiuleil frvm Leda. legifer. era, ernm, law-giving,
law-giver.

lat-ex,

-ieis,

m.,
icine.

liquid, JTliid

lego, ere,
collect
in,

leffi,

lectnm,

gather,

bence, water,

Latlnus,
Latinvis.

a. um. of Latium, Latin ; as .-:iilst., Latlni', orum, m. plur.,

the Lafiiis.
i,

m., a

king of Latium.
of Italy,

Latium.
soutli of

n.. a country tlie Tiber.

i,
f.,

select, pick ; take ; choose, Jurl ; skim along, sweep over, coast along ; scan, revieiv. Lenaens, a, nm, of Bacchus, Lenaean. lenio, ire, ivl (il), itnm, soothe,

allay, calm.
e, soft, gentle, mild.

Latona, ae,
cry.

the

motber of lenis,

Apollo and Diana.

latratus, us, m., barking, baying,

latro, are, avi, atum, bark. latus. a, uin, broad, icide, widespread.

lento, are, avi, atnm, bend. lentus, a, \in\,pUant, tough ; tenacious

;

sluggish, slow.

latus, eris, n., side,flank. lando, are, avi, atum, praise,

commend.

Laurens, entis, of Laurentum, a

town of Latiiun, Lanrentian.

leo, onis, m., Uon. Lerna, ae, f., a marsh near Argos, wbere lived the monster Hj'dra. letalis, e, deadly,fatal. Letbaeus, a. um, of Lethe, the river of forgetfulness In Hades, Lethean. letifer, era, erum, deaoXg.

VOCABULARY.
letum,
tion.
1,

47
n.,

n..

death

ruin, destruc-

Ilmen, minls,

Leucaspis,
Aeneas.

is, m.,

a companion of
es,
f.,

threshold ; door, portal, entrance; house, chamber, courts, palace, iemple; startingpoint.
itis,

Lencata, ae, and Leucate,

a promontorN' Leucadia.
fort.

llmes,

m.,path, track.

on the

{.fland

of

Iimosus, a,
marshy.

nm, muddy,
mud,
mire, oose.

miry,

levamen, minis,
levis, e, light,
slight.

n., solace,

com-

Ilmus,

I,

m.,

lineus, a,
svoift,

om,
f.,

of flax, Jlaxen,
tongue
;

rapid, quick
;

hemjjen.

lin^na, ae,
polished.

speech,
leave,

levis, e,smooth, slippery

language

note, voice.

atuni, lijt up, raise ; ease, lighten ; undo, release, take off; aid, support. levo, are, avl, atum, polish.
lex, lesis,
condition.
f.,

levo, are, avi,

linqnd, ere. liqui, lictum,

desert, abandon. forsake from, leace behind.
;

depart

linteum,

1, n.,

saU.

law, decree ; terms,

n.,

irbamen,
offering.

mlnls,

libation,

liquefactus, a, um, part. of liquefacio, rnolten. liquens, entis, part. of liqueo,

Itquid, clear, limpid.

libens, entis, part. of llbet, vMling, ready, glad.

Ilquens, entis,
liquid, floicing.

part. of

liquor,

Liber, erl, m., a name of Bacchus.

irbertas, tatis,
f.,

iiquidns, a,

um,

liquid, flowing

pure, clear, serene.

liberty,freedom.

Ilbo, are. avl, atuiii, taste ; touch lightly. kiss ; poitr out as a libation,

liquor, \,floic, drojj, trickle. lito. are, avl, atum, sacriflce,

offer acceptably appease.
;

make atonement,
sjiore.
;

make a
are,

lioation, offer.

libro,

avi,

atum,

poise,

Iitoreus, a, tun, on fhe

brandish, sicing,

fiurl.

Liburnl, orum, m.

plur., a tribe

in Illyria, on the Adriatic.

Iitus, oris, n., shore, beach, coast ba nk. lituus, 1, m., trumpet, bugle.

Libya, ae, f., Libya, Korth Africa. llvidus, a, um, dark blue, leaden. avi, &tum, place, set Libycus. a, um, Libyan, ofLibya ; loco, are, lay.
Africun.
build.flx,

Libystis, idis,

f.

adj.,

Libyan.

Locrl,

orum, m.

plur., a

Greek
Italy.

colony, settled In

Southem

licet, ere, licuit and licitum est, imper.sonal, it is permitted, alloiced, lawful, granted ; may, might ; as conj., licet, although, even though.

locus, l,va.,place, spot, region, Jand, country ; room, opportunity

position, state, condition.

llg^um,
pinion.

1, n., xcood.

long^aevns, a, nm, aged. longe, adv., /ar, afar,far

off.

longlnquus,
mote
;

ligo, are, avi, atuni, bind, fasten,

a, Tim, distant, re-

ancient.

Illium,

I, n.,

lUy.

longiu.a, a.dv.,further ; too/ar. lonjsrus, a, um, long ; long-continued, lingering, tedious.

Lilybeius, a, mu, of LUybaeum, a promontory on the western coast

01 Siclly.

loquela, ae, f., sijeech, v.ords. loquor, 1, locutus sum, speak,

say.

limbas,

i,

m., border.

48

VIRGIL, AENEID,

I.-VI.
i,

loriiiii.

lorlca. ae, {.,cuiras8,coat ofmail. 1, 11., thong ; rein.

Lycnrffus,
of Thraee.

m.,

aii

aneient klng

lubrious, a,
Iiiceo.

uiii, slippery, slimy.

Lyciis,

1,

m., a

eomrade of Aeneaa

orc,

luxl, sMne,

glitter,

gleam, hc bright.

lucidus, a, niu, bright, clear. lucifer, era, eruiu. light-bringing

;

Lydiiis, a, iiin, Lydian. lyinplui, ae, f. ivater. lyiix, lyiicis, m. and f, lynx.

ni.

a.s

sul)st..

Liucifer, erl,

111., tlie

morning-.^itar.

M.
Macbaon,
eeo eoii Tro inacliina, ae, f, machine, engine. niacies, ei, f, leanness, emaciation. niacto, are, avi, atuiii, offer,
sacrifice, slay.

luctor, ari, atus

ivrestle, strice.

sum,

struggle,

onis, m., a famous suramong the Greelcs iiefore

luctus, iis, m., sorroic, grief, mourning ; personilied, Gri^t'. lucus, 1, 111., groce ; wood. ludibriuni, 1, n., sport. ludo, ere, lusi, lusnin, sport, play ; mock, delude, cheat, deceive. ludus, 1, m., game, spoil, pilay.
lues,
is,
i.,

macnla. ae,
stain.

f, spot, stain.

niacnlo, are, avi, atum,

sjMt,

pilague, pestilence.

lugeo. ere.

Iiixl,

luctnin, motirn,

inaculosus, a, uin,
2)led.

spjotted,

dap-

beivail, lument. luineii, iiilnis, n., light ; lamp, torch; daivn, day ; eye. luna, ae, f., moon ; moonlight.

made-facio, ere,
wet, stain.

-feci,

-factum.

madens,
soaked.

entis, part. of

madeo,

part. of luno, moon-sha2>ed, crescent. Ino, ere, lui, Inituni (lutuiii),

lunatus, a, nni,

wet, moist.

madesco, ere,

iiiadni, become wet,

tvet,

wash away, atone/or, expiate. Inpa, ae, f.. she-ivolf. Inpns, 1, m., ^volf. lustro, are, avi, atnm, piurify
siirvey,

madidus,
dripjring.

a,

nm,

drenched,

Maeander,
;

scan

traverse.

dri, m., a river in Asia Minor, noted for its ^rinding course, hence, winding or waving border.
a, uin, Maeonian, of Maeonia, a province iii Lydi Lydian.
;

lustruin,

I, n.,
,

den, haunt, lair.

Maeonius,
heiice,

lugtrum, l,n.

^yurification ; lustre, period offive years ; age. lux, lucis, f , light ; daylight, dawn,

Maeotius.
tians, a
rotv.

a,

nm,

of

the

Maeo-

day ; life. Inxns, us, m.,

Ijyaeus,

Scythian

tribe,

Maeotian.

luxtiry,

dalUance;

inaereo, ere, mourn,

grieve, sor-

magnificence, splendor. I, ni., a name of Bacchus.

Lyaeus,

a, uni, of Bacchus. lyclinns, l, m., lamp. Lycia, ae, f., a district of Asia
Miiior.

inaestns. a, nm, sad, mourn/ul, sorrou\ful, gloomy, anxious.

ma^alia, Inm, n. plur., huts. magicns, a, nni, magic.

iiia^is, adv., more, rather. inaffister, tri, m., master.leader: pilot, helmsman, captain ; teacher ;

Lycins.

a. nin, of Lycia, Lycian ; 111. pliir. as subst., thc Lyciaiis. Lyctius, a. nm, of Lyctus, a towii
\aCveX,e,,

guardian.

Lyctian ; hence, Cretan.

magistratns, us,

m., magistrate.

VOCABULAHY.
magrnanlmus,
soitlecl,

49

a,
;

um,
spirited,

noble

greathigh-

spirited.

ma^nus,
mus),
loud,

a,

um

(major, maxi-

great, large, huge, mighty,

noble,

strojiq ; superl., older, eldest.

grund, important, long ; in compar. and

f.,

us, f., hand ; handiivork, work ; skill, force, might, poiver valor, brave deeds ; band, troop, throng. Marcellus, i, m., the name of a Roman family.

manus,

mare,
actlj',

is, n., sea.

Maia, ae,

daughter of Atlas and

mother of Mercury.

major, comparative of magnus. mala, ae, f., cheek-hone, jaiu, cheek. male, adv., badly, ill ; giving to
adjectives an opposite meaning.

l, m., husband ; less exwooer, suitor. marmor, oris, n., marble. marinoreus, a, Tfin, of marble, marble ; smooth, glassy. Marpesius, a, um, of Warpesus, a mountain in tlie island of Paros,

maritus,

3ra rpesia n,

Pa riu n.
,

Malea. ae.
liny,

f.

a promontory of the
a,

Mars, Martis, m.

Peloponnesus.

the god of war hence, ivar, battle, warfare.

pUn-., a

malesuadus,
tempting
a,

um,

ill-counsel-

Massyli, orum, m.
of Nortlieru Africa.

people

to evil.

malijS^nus,
scanty.

um,

vialignant

Massylus,

a,

um,

Massylian, of

the Massyli.
toish rather,

malo, malle, malul,

choose, pre/er.

malum,
malus,
malus,

mater, matris, f., mother, matron. maternus, a, um, of a mother,

maternal, mother's.

misfortune, n., ei'il, i, hardship, tvoe ; evil deed, crime.

a,
i,

maturo, are, avi, atum,

hasten, quicken.

ripen

um,
;

evil,

bad, wiclced

false, crafty

poisonous, futal.

maturus,
t

a,

um,
a.

early

ripe,

ma-

m., mast.
f.,

u re.

mamma, ae, niandatum,

charge, order.

breast.
I,

Mauriisius.

um.

Moorish

n.,

command

hence African.

Mavors,
war
;

ortis, Mars, the god of

mando,
mando,
cheic,

command,

are, avi, atum, order, give charge to ; eiitrust.

lience,

war, conflict, warlike

a,

ere. mandl, mansum, devour ; champ. maneo, ere, mansi, mansnni, remain, uhide, linger ; abide by,
lceep to
;

Mavortius,
iHurtial.

um,

of Mars,

maximus, superlative of magnus.

meatus, us,
movement.
m., course, pathivay,

aivait.

manes, ium. m.

plur., the souls o/ the dead, ghost, shade, departed the gods of the lower spirit ; the world, ; the lower world ;

medieatus,

a, dico, drugged.

um,

part. of

me-

meditor, ari, atus suni,

spirifs doom.

manicae, arum,
chains (for
2>lain.
tlie

f.

nlar.,

manacles,

hanos).
clear, evident,

consider, take thought, design, intend. middle, the the in medius, a, um, midst, mid ; neut. as subst., medium, I, n., middle, viidst.

manifestus, a, um,
trickle, ooze.

Medon, ontis, m., aTrojan warrior.

medulla, ae,
f.,

viarrow, the in-

mano, are, avi, atum, floiv,

mautele,
is, n., toivel,

drip,

most

Iteart.

Megarus,
napkin.

a.

um, ofMegara, a city

iu Sicily, Megarian.

50

VIRGIL, AENEID,

I.

-\^.

mel, niellis, n., lioneij. Meliboeus, ji, uiii, o/

city
iii

Meliboea, a Thessaly, Meliboean.

niergus, 1, m., diver, cormorant. merito, adv., desercedly.

molior, ius,
bonus,
Melite,
better.
f.,

comparative

of

meritum,
merit.

i,

n.,

seruice,

desert,

es,

asea-nymph.

meritus, a,
inerus, a,
neut. as

uiii, part.

of iiicreo,

deserved, due,just.
uiii, jjure, unmi.red subst., meruiii, i, ii.,
f.,

nielius, adv., better. iiieinbruni, 1, n., limb, member

bodf/.

pure wine.
nieta, ae,
twning-point, goal
metal.
;

ineniini, isse, (perf. stem with force of pres.), reniember, recall ; make mention of.

liniit, boiind.

Meinmius,
familv.

I,

m.,

name

nietallum,
iiieto, reap,

i, n.,

of a Roinan

ere,

Meinnou,

mow,

onis, ni., king of the Ethiopians, and an ally of tlie Trojans. menior, oris, mindjnl, remembering ; relentless.unjoryetjitl. memorabilis, e, memorable, glorious.

iiiessul, messuin, cut down ; gather.

metuens,
afraid

met-u6, ere,
o.f.

entis, part. of metuo, dreading, fearful, afraid. -ui, -utum, /ear, be

ris,

metus,

m., fear, dread

per-

souilied, Fear.

tuemoro, are, avi, atuin,

^on,
tell, recoiint.

vienutt-

,^ndax,
truthful.

acis,/aie, deceitjul,

nieus, a, um, my. niic-6, are, -ul, vibrate, qiiiver, dart ; glea m,Jinsh. niigTo, are, avl, atuni, move, de-

part. i, m., king of Sparta, husband of Helen, and brother of inil-es, -itis, m., soldier ; collecAg-amemnon. tively, soldiery. Menoetes, is, m., a comrade of iiiille, thousand. Aeneas. iiiinae, aruni, f. plur., threats, mens, mentis, f mind, reaS07i menaces. heart, soul ; thought, design, purMinerva, ae, the guddess of

Menelaus,

pose.

1'.,

mensa, ae,
viands.

f.,

table,

board

wisdom.
;

/ood,

mensis, is, m., month. mentior, iri, itus suin,

Jalsely, pretend.

mininie, adv., least ; by no means. minister, tri, m., servant, attendant

;

lie,

state

accomjilice.
I,

niinisterium,
diity.

n., service, office,

mentitus,
mentuiii,

a, uin, part. of nieni, n.,

tior, lying, counterfeit.

chin.

ministro, are, avi, atuin,

serve
;

tend,

supply, proride, J'urnish.

a,

mercor,
chase.

ari,

atus sum,
i,

buy, pur-

Min6ius,
of Crete.

um,

oj'

Minos, a king
threaten,

Mercurius,
gods.

m., son

of Juppiter minor,

ari,
;

atus sum,

and Maia, the messenger of the

mcnace

tower or hang threutenles,

ingly, threaten tofall.

mereo,
depon.

ere, ui, Ituni, also as mereor, erl, itus sum, deserve, merit, earn, gain.
-sl,

minor, compar. of parvns,

smaller
;

younger.

Minos,

mer-go, ere,
8i7ik,

-sum, plunge,

overwhelm.

ois, m., a king and lawpiver of Crete, aJter death made a judge iu the lower world.

VOCABULARY.
Minotanras,
minus, atlv.,
mirabilis,
i, a monster in Crete, part bull, part man. less ; w. necor haud, none the less, as loell ; just as.

51
f.,

mola, ae,
used in

meal (coarsely ground),

mass, bidk
;

.sacrifice.
t.,

moles,
molior,
build
;

is,

massive

e, loonderful.

pile or structure; dyke ; task, tvork.

mound ; dam,

mlrandns,
tnarvel.

a,

nm,

wonderful, strange

part. of niiror, ; n. as subst.,

at,

mlror, arl, atns snm, wonder

marvel, achnire.

Irl, itns sum, labor at, undertake engage in, w. itfii',pursue. mollio, Ire, Ivl (ii) Itum, soften,

cause

soothe, calm.

mirns,
lous.

a,

um,

wonderful, marvel-

mollis, e,
gentle
;

soft, tender, delicate, subtle, easy, j)leasant.

misceo, ere, miscui, mixtum,

tningle,
uj},

molliter, adv., sojtly, gracefully.

mix, unite ; confound, stir disturb, throio into co?ifusion.

I,

moneo,
vise.

ere, nl, itum, ivarn, ad-

Mlsenus,
Aeneas.
pitiable

m., the trumpeter of

miser, era, erum, sad, wretched,

;

monllo, is, n., necklace. collar. monituni, I, n., admonition, ivarning.

hapless,

ill-fated,

un-

fortunate.

monitus, us,

m., warning, advice.

miserabilis,

e, miserable, piteous,

Monoecus,
cules.

I,

m., a

name

of Her-

lamentable, wretched.

miserandns,

miseror,
SMm, pity,

a, part. of pitiable, lamentable,

um,

wretched.

mons, niontis, m., mountain, hill. monstro, are, avl, atum, show,
tell,

point out
;

advise, teach.
sign,

misereo, ere, ul, itum, also as deponent, misereor, eri, itus

takepity on. mlsereseo, ere, pity, feel pity, have compassion.

monstrum,
tent

I, n.,

omen, pormountaiti,

monster. montanus, a, um, mountain.

ofa
n.,

miseror, arl, atus sum,

takepity on. mltesco, ere, groto
gentle, soften.

jrity,

monnmentuiii,
monument
chronicles.
;

I,

memorial,
records,

in

plur.,

mild,

grow

mora, ae,
tion
;

f.,

delay, pause, liesita-

mitlgro, are, avl, atnm, soften, uppease. itra, ae, f., head-dress, cap, turban, of the Phrygians, in Asla Minor.
.yiitto,

hindrance.

morbus. 1, m., disease, sickness. moribundns, a, um, dying, ready

to die
die,
;

mortal.

morior,

ere, mlsl, missum, send let go, dismiss, lay a.nde,put aioay, give upj ; throw, cast.

morl, mortuus
arl,

suin,

perish.

moror,

atus snm,
;

linger, ivait,pause

delay. detain, hinder,

/Inesthens, el and eos, m., a stay. comrade of Aeneas. mors, mortis, mobilitas, tatis, f motion, action.
,

f.,

death.

modo,
ion

morsns, us,
mortalis,
subst.,

m., biting, gnaiving

adv., only, merely, but

but

noiv, a moment ago. /nodns, I, m., loay, manner, fash;

fangs,fluke.
e, mortal, a mortal.

human ; m.

as

end, limit, bmind.

n. plur., walls.

moeuia, iom,

mortifer, era, erum, death-dealing, deadly.

52

VIRGIL, AEXEID,

I.-VI.

U108, inoris, m., custom, mannei-, habit, way, fashion ; law, rule, restraint.

Myrmidones,

uin, m.

Myrnndons, a Thessiilian ruled hy Achille.s.

niyrtus,
I.
,

plur.. the tribe,

motns,
activity.

U9,

m.,
iiiovi,

motion,

stir

myrteua. a. uin, ofmyrtle, myrtle.

and us, f myrtle.

moveo, ere.

motum, move,
N.

ghake, stir, aroiise, di.9t7trb ; inrevolve fluence, excite, cause ; disclose; w. castra, break up.

mox,

adv., soo7i, presently

afteredge,

wards.

nam, conj.,yo>-. namque, conj., for,for indeed,

in truth.

for

muero,
mugio,

onis,

m.,
(11),

j>oint,

sicord-point, sivord.

ire, ivl roar, rumble.

itum,

bellow,

nares, ium, f. plur., nontrils, nose. narro, are, a,A'l, a.tuiii, tell, relate,
recount.

mugitus, us, m., belloicing. mul-ceo, ere, -sl, -sum,

soothe, lull.

Narycius,
calm,

a, uiii, of Naryx, a city of the Locri in Italy, Xarycian,

multiplex,
manifold.

lcis, with

many folds ;

nascor, i, natus sum, be born ; nascens, entis, part., new born,

at birth.

multo,

adv., miich,Jar.
adv.,

multum,
multus,
iiius),

much, greatly.
(plus,

uata, ae, f., daughter. nato, are, avi, atum, suim,float

beflooded.

a,

um

pluri-

much,

many ;

abundant,

great, deep, heavy, copious.

munio, Ire, Ivl (il), Itum, fortify,

protect, de/end.

munus,
task
gift.
;

eris,

n.,

charge,
;

duti/,

service, rite

favor, boon,
;

natu, m., in ahl. sing. only, by birth. natus, I, m., son, child. nauta. ae, m., sailor, seaman. Nautes, is, m., a Trojan soothsayer. nauticus, a, uiii, of sailors. navalis, e, naral, of ships; n. as suhs., navalia, iuni, n. plur.,

murex,
ple
;

icis, m., a jagged rock.

shell-Jish
n.,

pur-

navifragus,
;

mur-mur, -muris,
ajjpilause.

murmur,

dock-yard, ship-ya rd. a, um, causing ahiplorecks, wrecking ships.

i, n.,

murmuring, muttering, roaring

navigium,
sail
;

ship, boat.

navigo, are, avl,

sail over.
is,
f.,

atuiii,

^ail, set

murus, I, wall. Musa, ae, f., Muse,

poetry.

a goddess of

navis,

ship, vessel.

Musaeus,
ful.

I, m., a famous Greek poet and mu.sician. Aegean mutabilis, e, changeable. change- ne, adv.,

niivita, ae, m., sailor, boatman. Naxos, 1, f., an island in the

sea.

no, not

w. quideni, not

even.

inuto, are, avl,

alter
;

atum,

change,

exchange.

Myeenae, arum, i., the city of Agamemnon in Greece. Myeonos, i, f., one of the Cj^clades
ishvnds.

conj,, that not, lest ; w. verhs of lest, that ; w. verhs of hiudering, /rom. -ne, interrog. enclitic; generally iu untranshitahle into English

ne,

fearing,

Mygdonides, ae,
Mygdon.

m., the son of

indirect questions, ivhether. nebula, ae, f cloud, mist,fog.

.

nec,

conj., see

nequp.

VOCABULARY.

53

necdum,
necnon,

adv., not yet.

necesse, indeclinable
see

adj., n., necessari/, fateJ. inevitable.

nescitts, a, um, ignorant, unaware. neu, see neve.

neque.
n.,

neve or neu, conj., and not, nor neve neve, neither yior.
nex, necis, f., death, slaughter. nexus, a, uin, part. of necto,
clinging.

neet-ar, -aris,

nectar.

necto,
nexuni,
togetlier,

ere,
clamp.
a,

nexui (nexl
;

bind, fasten, lace

bind
ac-

nefandus,
wrong.

nm,
; ii.

impious.

ni, conj. (= nisi), ifnot, unless.

cursed, wicked

as subst., guilt,

nldus,
nijjer.

I,

m., nest

nestling.

nefas,

n.

indeclinable, sin, crime,

impious deed or thought or icords ; impious or ccursed pe.rson ; with est, impious, unholy, horrible. negb, are, avl, atam, say not,
sacrilege, impietg,

gra, jEfrum, bhick, dark, swarthy ; gloomy. nisrans, antis, part. of nigro.
(luhky,

black, dark. niffr-esco, ere, -ul, blacken, groic

black.

deny

nlhil or nil,
ing
;

refuse.

n., indecUnable, nothas adv., not at all, in no re-

nemor6sus
icooded.

nemo,

inls, m. and
,

f.,

a,

no one. um, woody,

spect.

Nilus,

I,

m., the Nile.

a,

nemus, oris, n., Neoptolemus,

Pyrrliu.?, the

nimbosus,
grove, wood.

um,

stormy

cloud-

capped.

I, name a son of Achilles.

of

nimbns,
storm.

I,

m., storm-cloud, cloud,

nep-6s,
child
;

-otis, m., grandson, grandin plur., aescendants, posa,

nlnilrum,

adv., icithout doiibtless, surely.

doubt,

terity.

Neptunius,
AejAunian.

um, of

Neptune,

nimius,
derate
;

a,

adv.,

um, too much, immO' nimium, too, over-.

effort
;

Neptunus,
01 the sea.

i, ra.,

Neptune, the god

nlsi, conj., if not, unless, except.

nlsus, us, m.,

;

position.

neque or neo. conj., and not, nor neque neque, neither nor
be unable, not be able, cannot.

neenon, and also, so too, likeicise. nequ-eo, -ire, -ivl (-11), -itum,

Nisus, I, m., a comrade of Aeneas. nitens, entis, part. of niteo,

bright, shining, gleaming, sparkling ; sleek.

nequlquam,

adv., in vain, to

no

nitesco, ere, nitul, shine,

glisten.

purpose, uselessly.

nitidus, a,
sleek.

um,

bright,

shining,

ne-quis, -qna, -quod or -quid, indef. pron., that no one, lest any
one.

nltor,

I,

nisns and nixus sam,

;

Nereis, idos, f., Nereid, daughter of Nereus, sea-nymph. Nereus, el and eos, m., a sea-god. Neritos, l, f., amountainin Ithaca,

rest on, lean upon strive ; mount, climb.

struggle,

nivalis, e, snowy.

niveus, a.
snoiv-white.

um, of

snow, snoicy

nervus, Nesaee,

I,

m., string, boic-string.

f.,

es,

name

of a Xereid.

nix, nlvis, f., snoio. nlxor, arl, atus

struggle.

sum,

strive.

nescio, Ire, Ivi (iil, Itum, not knotv, be ignorant of. he unacquainted or other.
icith
;

nescio qxiia,

sorne

no, nare, navl. swim.float. noceo, ere, nocul, nocitam, hurm, injure, do mischief.

54
nightlonti.

VIRGTL, AKNlOll),
hij

I.-Vt,

nooturniis, a, nni, inghUy,

vifilit,

nsiiiien.
ilirine

uudo, are, avl, atuni,

knot, knot.

tie

in a

dirinefavvr
giiildess.

niinls, n., divine iviH. purpo.ie ; divine presen ; divinity,deity ; gotl,

nodns, 1, m., knot ; .foUl, coil. Noinas, adis, m., Aomad; Niirnitliiin.

nuiiicrus. i, m., mimher ; tnuUitiide, throng ; order ; measuir,

harmony.

noinen, niinls,
ylorg.

n., miini>

renown,

Nuinidae, aruin, m.

jiliir.,

the

Noinentuni,
Sal)inc.s.

I,

n.,

city of thc

non. adv., not. nonduin, adv., not ycf. nonus, a, nin, ninth.
nosc'6, ere, novi. notuiii, /ftn-?? recognize ; in perf'., kiunc, have kntnvledge of. noster, tra, trniii, our, ours.
,

Niimidians. Nuiiiitor. oris. m., kintr of Allia. gr.indfatlier of Ronnilus. nuiii(|uain or nunquaiii. adv.,
never.

nunc.

adv., iiow

but now, as

it is.

nuntia. ae, f., messenger. nuntio, are, avl, atum,

noiince, report, ilecUire.

an-

niintius,

I,

m., messenger

message,

news, tidings.

nota, ae, f., vi<i rk, .'tign ; spot. noto, are, avi, atuin, point out
note, hiark, ohserve.

nuper, nurus,

adv., lately, oflate, but noiv.

iis,
f.,

daughter-in-law.

notus, a, uin,

part.

of nosco,
;

knoicn, well-known.

nusquniii. adv., nowhere. nuto, are. avi, atum. nod, shake.

sivay. totter.

Notns.
actly.

I.

m., sotith icind

less

e.\-

ivincl.

nutrlmentnin.
nutrix,
leis, f
,

I,

n.^food

fuel.

noveiii, nine,

nurse.
,

noviens, adv., nine times. novitas, tatis, f., newness. novo. are. avi, atuni, miike new,
renew, rebuild
;

nympha,
Nysa, ae,

ae, f iiympjh.
f.,

a city in India,

M-liere

Bacelius was nurtured.

change, alter.

novus. a, uin, vew, fresh

young

mus.

early, ; strange, novel ; novissi: a. uin. last, latest.

O. O, interj., 0! oh! ah! ob, prep. w. acc, towards ; at, about, near ; on account of,for. ob-diico, ere, -duxi, -ductum,

nox, noctis, f., night ; darkness. nexa, ae, f., offence,fanU, guilt. noxins, a, nni, hurtfiil, harmful,
guilti/.

draw

over, cover, veil.

Tkubes,

is,

f.,

cloud.
n. plur., clouds.

nubila, oruin.

nudo, are. avi. atuin.

bare, uncover, expose.

strip,

lay

nudus.

a.

um,

bare, uncovered, exno, none.

ob-eo, -ire, -ivi (-il\ -ituin. go towards ; engage in ; traverse ; encompass, skirt. obitus. iis, m., death. objecto, are, avi, atuin, exjjose. objectus, us, m., opposition, projectioii.

posed, naked.

Jutting

oiit.

nullus, a, uin,

num.

interrog. particle, in a direct question, expecting a ncg-ative answer in an indirect qnestion, whetlier
;

objectus, a, uin, part. of objicio, lyii:g in the way, running out. ob-jicio, ere, -jeei, -jectuin, put
before,
offer,
;

presnt

holtl

ujo,

oppose

expose.

VOCABULARY.
obliqno, are, avT, atuni, turn,
Sl"."t

55
fall, de-

occasns, us, m., ruin,

struction.

oLliquus, a, uni,
aslaiit.

sideivays, across,

oc-cid6, ere, -cidl, -casum, fall,

perish, be slain.

obliviscor, i,oblItas s\in\,forget.

obllvium,
ohlivion.

1,

n.,

forgetfulness,

oc-cnb6, are, rest, lie. oc-cul6, ere, -enlul, -eultuni,

hide, conceal.

ob-loquor, 1, -locutus sum, sing occuIt6, are, avl, atnm, hide. to, accompany. oceultns, a, um, part. of oceulo. hidden, secret. obluetor, ari, atns suni, struggle aguinst. oc-cumb6. ere, -cubui. -cnbi.

ob-muteseo, ere, -mutui. hecnnie dumb, be speechless. ob-nitor, 1, nisus and uixussum,
struggle, strive, resist.

tum,

fall, die.
sei:e,

occup6, are, avl, atum.

take possession
sjrreaa.

of

pll,

over-

ob-orior,

irl,

-ortus snm, spring

up, rise, start.

ob-ru6, ere, -rul, -rutum, hury,

sink, overwhelm.

oc-curr6, ere, -cnrrl f-cucnrrl), -cursnm, run to meet, go tn meet, meet ; appear ; oppose, ihioart.

6ceanus,
6eior,
fleeter.

i,

m., ocean.
stcifter,

obscenns,
rihle
;

a, um, ill-omened. a,

vile,

foul

lior-

ius, comparative,
:

obscurns,

dark, dim, obscure: unsejin : doubtful, unknown, uncertain, mysterious.

u-atch,
he-

um,

ocius, adv., more swiftly

at once.

quickly,

oculus,

i,

m., eye.

observo, are, avl, atnm,

ohserve.
siege, blockade, heset

ob-sideo. ere. -sedl, -sessnni,

;

occujjy.

6dl, 6disse, 6sus, defective, liate. odiuni, I, n., hatred, hate. odor. oris, m., odor, fragrance;
stench.

obsidio, onis, f., blockade, siege. ob-stipeseo. ere, -stinnl, he astonisned, amazed, thunderstruck. ob-sto. ai-e. -stitl. -statum, stand in the wayof, oppose, hinder
he ohnoxious, offend.

od6ratus, a, nm,
fragrant.

part. of

odoro,

od6ru8, a, nm, keen-scented. Oen6trins, andOen6trus, a. um, of Oenotria. the southeru part of
Italy, Oenotrian ; hence, Jtalian.

ob-stru6, ere, -struxl, -struc-

tum,

close, stop).

offa. ae.

f.,

cake.

ob-teg6, ere,

-texl,

-tectnm,
-torcut

cover, conceal, screen.

offero. offerre, obtull, oblatnm, present, offer, show ; w. reflexive or in pass., appear, meet.

ob-torqueo,

tum,

ere,

-torsl,

twist.

obtrunco, are, avi, atum,

doun, butcher, slaughter.

ofiicium, i, n., service, kindness. Olleus, el and eos, m., king of the
Locri, father of Ajax.

obtusus,

a. uni, part. ol obtundo, hlunted, dull, unfeeling.

lodk, gaze.

Olearos,

I, f.,

one of the Cyclades.

at

obtutus, us, m.,

oleum,
61im,
times
;

I, n., oil, olive-oil.

obunens,
obvins,
meet
;

a,

nm,

curved, hooked.

adv., once, formerly ; at some time, hereafier.

f.,

ob-verto, ere, -verti, -versnm,

turn towards, turn.
a. um, in one's way, to exposed.

ollva. ae,

olive,

olivebranch.

ollvum,

I, n., 027, olive-oil.

olle = ille (archuicj.

5B
01yinpu8,
;

VIRGIL, ABNEID,
I,

l.-VI.
i\re, iivl,

m., a mnuntain In Thessaly, reg^arded as tlie abode of tlie truds hence, heaven.

opto,

atuin, wish, desire

ch oo.se.

oiiiei), iiiinis, n.,

teiit
;

omen, sign, por-

rite,

auapices.

opulentus, opus, eris,

a. uiii, rich, u-ealthy.

ii.,

labor, toil
;

tvork,

oiiinlno, adv., altogether, wholly,

utterly.

work of art, art. opus, n. indecHnable, need

6ra, ae,
f.,

w. est,

tliere is 7ieed, of, one's needs.

oniniparens,
ing,

entis, all-prodncalmighti/,

mother o/aJl.

bordsr, coast, shore;

region, conntry.

oinnlpotens, entis,
nijuiteiit.

om-

oinnis, e, aU, every, whole.

oraeuluiii, I, n., oracle. orbis, is, m., ring, circle, disk

cour.><e,

coil

circuit) cycle ; world.

ouero, are, avl, atuin.

pile
:

loail, heaji,
;

Orous,

hiirilen,

overwhelm
heavy.

pnt,

stoir airay.

onerosiis, a,

um,

onus, eris, n., hiirden, weiyht, load. onustus, a, uni, loaded, laden. opaco, are, avi, atuni, shade,
overshadoio.

I, m., the lower world Pluto, thegodofthe lower world. ordior, Irl, orsus suiii, hegin. ord6, inis, m., row, line, order class, rank ; ex ordine, in suc-

cession

duly.
f.,

Oreas, adls,
Oread.

mountain-nymph,

opaeu8

a,

uiii, dark,

shady

Orestes, is or ae, m., the son of

ausky, gloomy.

Agnmemnon.
orgla, orum, n. plur., i-evel, orgies. Oriens, entis, m., dawn, day ; the
Ea.^it.

oper-io, Ire, -ui, -tum, cover, veil.

operor, ari, atus sum,

engaged.

be busy, be

orig^, inis, f., origin, birth, det)pertus, a, uni, part. of operlo, scent ; foundation, oeginning. hidden ; secret : as sulist., ojicrta,' OrI6n, onis, m., the name of a conoruni, n. plur., hidden placen, stelhition.
secret recesses.

opimus,
rich,

a,

um, Jertile,
;

dainty

spolia

fruitftil o]>liiia,

glorious spoils, sjwils ofhonor.

op-perior, Irl, -peritus and -pertus sum, awatt, irait,for. oppet-6, ere, -ivl (-11), -itum,
meet
;

orior, iri, ortus sum, rise, app>ear, spring iip ; be born. ornatus, us, m.,ad07'nment, attire. ornus, i, f., mountain-ash, ash. 6r6, are, avl. atum, plead, beg,
entreat, beseech, imj^lore.

die,

perish.

Orontes,
Aenens.

is or

ae, m., a comrade oi

op-p6n6, ere, -posul, -positum,

put in front, throw in icai/ ; exjjose. oppositus, a. um, part. of oppoiio, opjiosite, ojiposing,
tng.
resiiat-

op-primo, ere, -pressi. -pres-

sum,

overwhelm, crush.

oppu$;n6, are, avi, atuni, storm,

assault, blockade.
(ops), opis, f.,power, ability : help, aid ; in plur., riches, wealth, resources.

el and eos, a famous poet and musician of Thrace. ortus, us, m., rising, dawn. Ortygia, ae, f., a name of tlio island Delos an island In the harbor of Syracuse. 6s, oris, n., viouth ; face, counte;

Orpheus,

nance

voice,

words.

os, ossis, n., bone

optatus, a, uin,
sired,

part. of opto, delongedfor, welcome.

; plur., frame. month, lip ; kiss. os-tendo, ere, -tendl, -tensum nnd -teiituin, show, point out

6seuluiii,

I, n.,

di.^play.

VOCABITT.ARY,
ostento, are, avi, atnni, show,
display.

57
in

palAiosns, a, um, abounding palms, palm-girt.

ostinm,

1,

n.,

mouth,

entrance

door, 2)ortal.

palmnla, ae, f., oar-biade, oar. palor, ari, atus sum, straggle,
icander
;

purple. Otliryad.es, ae, m., son of Othrys.

1, n.,

ostrum,

be scattered.
f.,

palus,

iidis,

otiam,l,
ovis,
is,

leisure; idleness,quiet, peace, repose, rest.

n.,
f.,

pampineas,

a,

marsh, pool. am. of the

vine,

sheep.
rejoice, exult

ov6, are. avl, atam,

triumph.

P.

pabulum, 1, Pacliyuum,
barter.

n.,

fodder, pasture.

covered icith vine-leaces. Pandarns, i, m., a Lycian ally of the Trojans. pando, ere, pandi, pausnm or passum, spread. spread out, e.vtend. unfold, stretch ; throw open ; disclo.se, reveal, explain. Panopea, ae, f., a sea-n>Tnph.

I, n.. tlie

southeastern

Panopes,
Panthiis,

is,

m., a Sicilian.

promontory of Sicily. paciscor, l, pactas sam, bargain,

Pantuffias, ae, a small river in

eastern Sicily.
I, m., a Trojan. eris, n., popjiy.
,

paco, are, avi. atam, make peacefid, quiet,

papaver,
Paplios,

I, f a city of Cyprus, sacred to Venus. par, paris, equal, tveU-matched, like ; even, balanced. Paean, anis, m., song, hymn of praise, paean. paratus, a, um, part of paro, rendy. prepared, equijiped. paenitet, ere, ait, it repents

subdue.

pactus, a, uni,

part. of agreed upon, jilighted.

paciscor,

translate
gret.

by repent,

he sorry, re-

Pareae, arnm,
parco,
ere,

f.

plur., the Fates.

Palaemon,

onis, m., a sea-god. palaestra, ae, f., icrestling-p)lace, palaestra ; wrestling-match. Palamertes, is. m., kins-of Euboea, oue of the Greeks at Troy. palans, antis, part. of palor,
fleeing, scattered.

pepercl ''parsl), parcitum (parsnm), spare; ref.,

frainfrom, forbear. parens, entis, m. and

father, mother.

parent,

pareo, ere,
to.

ai,

itam,

obey, yield

Palinurus,
;

I,

m.,

the

pilot

ot

Aeneas a promontory in Italy. palla, ae, f., robe, mantle.

pari-es, etis, m., ivaU. pario, ere, peperi,

partniii),

paritnin
bear
;

bring

fortJi,

gain, ivin, secure; cause.

Paris, idls, m., a son of Priam, and PaUadium. the cause of the Trojan war. Pallas, adis, f., the Greek gwlcless pariter, adv., equaUy. in like munof wisdom and war, corresponding ner, together, on equal terms. to the Roman Minerva. Parins, a, nm, of Paros, one of pallens. entis. part. of palleo, Cyciades islands, Farian. pale, pallid, uan. parma, ae, f., shield. pallidas, a, am, pallid, pale. paro, are, avl, atnm, prepare, pallor, oris, m., paUor, x>aleness. make ready. palma, ae. f., palm (of handi, Paros, 1, f., one of the Cyclade.' hand ; palm-wreath, palm,, vicislands, famous for its white marI, n.,

Palladium,

statue of Fallas,

tory

victor.

ble.

58
parn, partis,
slui re
;

VIRGIL, AENEID,
f.,

I.-VI.
i.,

part,
;

pnrtion,

.^iile,

pars,

sonie

otliers.

direction

pars

patria, ae,
patrius, a,
iiiil.

Jather-land, native

country, home.

um, oj afatker, itater;

Parthoiiopaeus.
dcpitiient,

I, m., one of tbe seveii ;iK:iii.st Thebps. partio, ire, ivl (il), itnin, also

ancestral

of

one's country,

native.

Patron, onis,
Aeneas.

m., a m.,

comrade of
the

share ; diiide. partus, a, uni, part. of pario.

patruus,
few.

1,

tincle (on

partus, us, m.,

hirth

offspriug.

father's side).

parum,
from.

adv.,

little,

too ltttle,Jnr

pancns, a, nm
panlatim,
gruditally.

(very rare in sing.),

little

paruinper, adv., for a while. parvulus, a, um, small, little,

tiiii/.

adv.,

by

little,

panlisper,
iihile.

adv.,

for a

little,

parvus,

a,

um,
;

S7nall,

little ;

paulum,
pauper,

adv.,

little,

somewhat.

slight, trifting.

eris, poor, humble.

pasoo, ere, pavl, pastum, pasture, fesd, Jeast

oroiose,

graze;

play around. Pasipliae, es, f., wife of Minos, kingof Urete.

feed on
;

pauperies, el, f., poverty. pavidus, a, um, trembling,

af--

frighted,Jrightened; shy, timid.

pavito, are, avi, atuin, tremble.

passiin, adv., in every direction,

abuut, everyirhere.

all

pavor,
terror
;

oris,
aiixiety.
f.,

in.,

dread, fear,
;

passus, a,

part. of pando, disordered, dishereled, flowing ;

um,

pax, paeis,
don, grace.

peace

favor, par;

outspread. passus, us, m., s<ep, i>ace.

pect-en, -inis, m., comb

soul, mind.

quill (for

pastor, oris, m., shepherd.

striking the strings of a lyre). pectns, oris, n., breast ; heart

n., herd,flock ; swarm, ])ec-u8, -udis, f., beast, brute, animal ; a sheep ; in plur.. often cattle, herds, flocks. ped-es, -itis-, m.,Joot-soldier ; infiuitry.

Patavium,

I, n., a city near the head uf the Adriatic, now Padua. pate-faoio, ere, -fecl, -factum,

pccus, oris,

open, tliriiw open.

patens,

entis, part. of pateo, open, wide, unobstructed.

pateo, ere, ui, be open, lie open, gape ; open yiiwn, stand open
he manifest, be disclosed.

pelagus,
Greeks.

1, n.,

sea.

pater, tris, m., father

fnrefather, ancestor
;

parent

Pelasffus, a, nni, Pelasgian Grecian; m. plur. as subst.. th*

Pellas, ae, m., a Trojan. Pelides, ae, m., son or descendant
of Peleus.

as a title of

honor,fatlier, sire, lord. patera, ae, f., cup, boicl.

paternus,

a,

um,

o/ father,

paternal, afatlier's.

pellax, acis, crajty, artful,

pellis, is,
f., Jiide,

subtle.

skin.

patesco, ere, patul, lie open ; be revealed, become luani/est. patiens, entis, part. of patior,
sKbiaissive, patietit, tame.

pello,

ere,

pepuli,

pnlsnm,

drive, drive out, banish.

Pelopcus, a, um, of Pelops, once

the cliief ruler of the southern ])art of Greece, which was called after him the Peloponnesus.

patior, patl, passus snin, suffer, endure,bear ; aUow,permit, brook.

VOCABULARY.
Felorus,
light.
I, m., a promontory on the north-east coa?t of Sicily.
f.,

59
-ii (-ivi),
;

per-eo, -ire,
undone.

-itum,
be

be

destroyed, perish, die

ruimd,

pelta. ae,

shield (small

and
tJie

Penates,

iaiii,

m.

plur.,

betake one's self, go. ward ; linger. pendo, ere, pependl, pensum, per-flcio, ere, -feci, -fectum, perform, complete, finish ; make, weigh oiit, pay ; suffer. icork. Peneleus, el, m., one of the Greeks

Penates, the household gods. pendeo. ere, pependi, hang, be sitspended, overhang ; lean for-

pererro, are, avl, atum, wander or roam over ; scan, snrvey. per-fero, -ferre, -tull, -latum, bring neivs, report, announce
bear, endure, suffer
;

w. reflexive,

hefore Troy.

perfldus, a,

penetralis,

.faithless, Jalse, l)erfidious, treacherous.

um,

e, inner, inmost ; n. plur. as subst., penetralia, iuni, inner apartrnents, secret chambers ; shrine, sanctuary.

perflo, are, avl, atum, bloiu over. per-fundo, ere, -fudl, -f usum, anoint, ivash, bespatter, dip ; dye.

away uhoUy, utterly. penna, ae, t'.,feather; tving.

;

penetro, are, avi, atum, penetrate, make one's icay into. penltu-s, adv., far icithin ; far

Perffameus, a, am, ofPergamus;

of Troy.

Pergamum,

Penthesilea, ae, f., queen of the Amazons, and an ally of the

Trojans.

I, n. and f., Perg^ama, orum, n. plur., the citadel of Troy ; Troy. perg^o, ere, perrexl, perrec-

tum,

go on, keep on.

perhil)e6, ere, ul, itnm, say.

Pentheus, el and eos, m., a king- periculum (contracted to periclamj, I, n., danger, peril, risk. of Thebes who opposed tlie worship of Bacchus, and was driven mad per-imo, ere, -eml, -emptum,
by the Furies. penus, us and
ruin, destroy, slay.
1,

m. and

f.,

store,

food, provisions.

Periplias, antis,
warrior.

m.,

Greek

garment. per, prep. w. acc. through. throughout, during ; by means o/, on account of ; in oaths or appeals, by. per-ago, ere, -effl, -actum, complete, Jinish, perform, perfect ;
I, n.,

peplum,

robe,
;

perjurium,
perjurus,
per-labor,
over.

l, n..

^yerjury.

a,
I,

um,

pjerjured,false.
glide

-lapsus sum,

per-lego, ere, -legl, -lectum,

e.vamine, scan.

consider.

peragro, are, avi, atnm, wander per-metior, Irl, -mensus sum, traverse. over, roam over, traverse. per-cello, ere, -euli, -culsum, per-mitto, ere, -mlsl, -missuiii,
strike

down, overthrow

strike,

give up, give over,

commit ; allow,
part.

overbear.

permit.

per-curro,
hea rse.

ere, -cucurri curri, -cursum, run over,

or
re-

permixtus.

a,

um.

of per-

misceo, mingled, mingling.

per-cutio, ero, -cussl, -cussum,

strike, smite.

per-mulceo, ere. -mulsl, -mulsum and -muletum, soothe.

pernlx, Icis, suijt. per-6dl, -6disse, -6sus, hate. detest.

perditus,
lost,

a, um, part. of ruineJ. wretched.

perdo,
con-

per-edo, ere. -edl, -esum, sume, ivaste away.

perpetuus, a, um,
constant.

whole, entire;

fiO

VIRGIL, AENEID,

I.-VI.

por-riimpo.

ei'e. -rfipl, -ruptuiii, hri'<tkov biirst. tliroiif/ti.

Plileprethon, ontis, m., arivevof th'(' in the luwer world.

PliIofT.vas,
Ij;l)iriiae

pt>f-sentl6. Ire. -sensi, -sensuiu.feel (decplyj : nee {dearlyj. j>or-solv6, ere, -solvi, -solutuiii, jxiy, render.

and

isliod in

ae, m., kinj? of Ihc fatlier of I.xion, punthe lower world for his

inipicty.

person-6, are. -ui, -ituni, cause

to rexoutid^jill tvith soiind.

Plioobeus, a, um, of Phoebus. Plioohus, I, m., a name of Apollo

tlie

per-st6,

are,

-stitl,

2)ersist, coiititnie,
disijii!<t'

-statuni. remain unmoved.

'"'

Sun-jrod.

Phoenlces, uin,
Plioenicians.

m.

plur.,

the

per-taedot. ere, -taesum est.

d
ir/th. he

sivk or iveari/

ot'.

or pertento, are. avl. atuin, jtervade.jill. per-veni6. ire, -venl, -v-entum,

pertomi)t6

Plioenlssa, ae. f. adj.. Phoenician ; as suhst., t/((i Phoenivian ftvomanj,

i.e. Jiido.

Phoenlx,
Grceks

come. reach.

Icis, m., at Trov.

one of the

pervius,

a, uni, ea.iy of access. makiiig a thoroiiyhjare. pes, pedis, in.. foot ; a rojte attavlied to tlir loiver corner oJ'a sail. a sheM ; facere pedem, set the sliet, make a tack. pestis, is, t., plague, jtestilence.

Pholoe, es, (., the name of a slave woman. Phorbas, antis, m., ason of Priam. Phorcus, I, a sca-god. Phryffes. um. m. plur., the Phryiji<uis
;

jitMKT.illy. the

destruction, ruin, scourge, curse, ba/ie.

taitit
;

dootn

Phryffius,
Trojan.

a,

um,
f.,

Trojans. l^hryyian

Petelia, ae.

f., a tovm on the of Tarentumin southern Italy. pet-6. ere, -ivi (-iii. -Ituin, at-

Gulf Phtlila, ae,

Jice, offering

the home of Achillcs, in Thessaly. piaculuin, I, n., expiatory sacri;

tuvk.aiiti. aim at ; seek, ask, requesf, desire.

makejor

crittie.

pieoa, ao,

i.,

pitvli-pine, pine-tree.

Phaeaees. uni. m.
with Corc-yra.

plnr., the

Phae-

aciatis, the m^^thieal inhahitants of Scheria, afterwards identitied

picous, a, a.n\, pitchy, pitch-hlack. piotura, ae. i., j>ainting, picture. pioturatus, a, um, embroidered,
Jigured.

Phaedra. ae, f.. wife of Theseu.'', pictns, a, um, part. of who slew herself out of love for embroidered jjainted,
her step-son Hipjxilytus. Phaeth6n. ontis, m., a
;

pinffo,
hright-

name

of

colored, gay.

phal-anx.
pitKJS.

the Suii-^Tjd. -angris,

soldiers, force.Jieet.

f.,

a band of
trap-

pietas, tatis, f., dutiful conduct, dutiful especially Jilial love reveretice,ptety, ajfection ; Justice
pity.

phalerae, aruin,

f.

plur.,

piget,

ere,

uit,

it

is

irksome,

icearisome.
f.,

pignus, oris, n., jiledge, ioken. Phegeus, el and eos,m., a servant plneus, a, uin, ofpine. of Aeneas. ere, pinxi, pictum, paint, Phlloetetes, ae, m., lcing of Meli- pins6, enwroider. boea, in Thessaly, and one of the pinguis, e, fat; rich ; fertile Greeks at Troy. vtivtuous, resinous. Phineius, a, um, of Phineus, a plnifer, era, ertyn, i>?e-bearr^ the Thracian king, tormented by
Harpies.
jaine-clad.

pharetra. ae,

quiver.

VOCABULARY,
plnns, us and
Jir
;

61
1,

pine. pine-tree, anj^thing made of pine, ship.

i,
f.,

pocnlum,
goblet.

n.,

drinking-cup,

pio, are, avi, attun, expiate, atone .tor ; appease.

poena, ae,
vengeance.

t.,

punishment, penalty,
plur.,^fte

Piritlions, I, m., kinpof the Lapithae, the friend of The.<eus, with whom he attempted to carry otF Proserpine from the lower A^-orld.

Poenl, ornm, m.

Cartha-

ginians (strictly, the Phoenicians). Polites, ae, m., a son of Piiam.

IK)Ilieeor, erl, itns snm, promise. pol-luo, ere, -lul, -lutum, pollute, dejile
;

piscosns, a, nni, abounding injish, frequented by fish. pistrLXi icis, f., a sea-monster. pins, a, uni, dutiftd, good, pious
innocent, piure.

desecrate. violate.

Poilux, ucis,
Castor.

m., twiu-brother of
;

polns,
part. of

I,

m., the pole

I,

hence, the

plaeatus, a, nni,
qulet,

piaco,

hea vens.

calm, smooth.

Polydorns,
blinded

m., a soii of Priam.

I,

placeo, ere, nl, itnni, bepleasing impersonal, placet, placitnni

est,
it

Polyphemus,

the

Cyclops,

b\- Ul}'sses.

one's pleasure. seems best is willed, fated, decided.

it is

placide, adv., peace/ully,

quietly.

piaciclns, a, um, calm, qiiiet, peaceful ; gracious, proxntious, KinCly ; unmoved. placitns, a, nm, part. of placeo, acceptable, welcome. placo, are, avl, atum, calm, Sdothe, appease. plag^a, ae, f., quarter, ti-act ; hunting-net, toils.

Polyplioetes, ae, m.. a Trojan. Pometil, orum, m. plur., Pometia, an ancient town of the Volsci in Latlum.

pompa,

ae,

{.,

procession.

pondus, eris, n., iveight. mass. pone, adv., behind. pdno, ere, posui, positum, put,
place,
set
;

establish.

appoint
;

;
;

offer, propose ; lay set aside, share ;

doicn

serve

lay out

(ibr

plangor, 5ris, m., cry, ivailing. planta, ae, f., sole ; foot. plau-do, ere, -si, -snm, Jtaj^
beat, tread.

burial), bury ; jmt away, give up, lay aside, cast aside.

pontus,

1,

m., sea.
e,

popularis,
popular.

of the people, of poplar, pop-

plansns, us,
ping
;

m., clapping, Jlapajyplause.

I, n..

popuieus,
lar.

a,

um,

Plemyrinm,
Sicily,

near Syracuse.

promontory of popnlo, icaste,

complete,

plenus,

a, nm, full, Jilled, thronged. plico, are, avl or nl,

ituiii,./'o/rf, coil, twist.
f.,

are, avl, atnm, lay ravage, despoil ; mutilate, mangle.

I,

populns,
nation
;

m., people, tribe, race,

atum
;

throng o/ people, multi-

or

tude.

pluiiia, ae,

Jeather
lead.

in plur.,

plumuge.

plumbum,
plurimns, multus.

porr-icio. ere, -eci, -ectnm, casf (as an ofFering), offer. por-rigo, ere. -rexi, -rectum,
stretch, spread, extend.

1, n.,

a,

um,

superiative of

porro,

adv., beyond,
f.,

afar

after-

wa rds.
comparative
rainy.

p1u s

pliiris,

of

porta, ae,
tell,

gate. passage.

multus.

pluvius, a,

um,

porten-do, ere.
portend.

-dl,

-tum, /ore-

62

VIRGIIi,

AENEID,

I.

-VI.
a<lv.,

povflotis, ns, f., rolnvnade, f/alleri/. l><>rtit<)r. oris. M\..J'erri/iiinn.

praeeipue,
liar
;

especially.

l>rae<'ipuus, a,
rliief.

um, especial, perurcntnvned,

porto. Are. avi.

heur, brhuj.

at.iiiii,

carri/,

praeclarus,
ill iist rioiis,

Portuniis. 1, 111., tlu' f^rod ofliurbors. portus. us, 111., hnrhor, liaven.
l>oso'>,
hi_j/
:

a, uin, fa inoiis.
m., hrrahl.
<">runi,

l>raee<'),

<~)iiis,
i

orc,
rnll

|>o|)os<>i, aiik,deman(l,
."/ijijilirafe.

p r a eeor <l a,
hreast, lieart.

ii.

pliir.,

iiii,

possuni. posse, potui, beable, ran.

post,
adv., hrliinil ; after, a/terrt/v/.s-, liereafter ; tlien, next ; prcp. w. iiec, hr.liind ; afler.
ti,

pracda, ae,
fler
;

f.,

hooty,

.yioil, /ilun-

prey, game.
-fllxi,
;

prae-dlco, ere,
.foreteU, predict
irarninij.

-dlctuni,
prophery,
-ituiii,

inlvise, icarn.
1,

posterus,

uni, follmving, next. posthabeo, ere, ui, ititni, liold in les.s e.sfeeiii, Imld lexs dear. postis, is, in., door-poat ; door. post(|uin, conj., after, wlien, as
.siiiii!

praedictuin,
prae-eo,

n.,

-Iro, -ivl

(-ilj,

go hefore, lead, be in advance. prae-fero. -ferre, -tull, -latuni,

jirefer, place before, set above.

a.s.

postrenius, a, uin, posterus, la.st.

l>ost<'rus. last,

sii))crlati\u

of

prae-flcio, ero, -fecl, -fectuni,

set over, give jtotver over.

l>ostunuis. u, uin, sujM-rlative of

i/oiinf/e.it.

prae-flffo, ere, -flvl, -flxuin,

Ji.v

in front,

tijt, j)f>int.

l)ot("'iis, entls, part. mii/lifi/, powerful ;

of possuin,
riiling

over,

praenietuo, ere, fear

.fear.

in atlvance,

ma.ster of.

potentia, ae, f power, mifjlit. potestas, t:itis, i., poiver ; chance,

,

prae-niitto, ere, -inlsl, -inissuin, send before, send in advance.

oirportuniti/.

praeinium,
rerompense.

1,

n.,

reward, prize,
float

potior, Iri, Itus suin, get, win, get possession of, become master o/,
gain, reach.

praenato. are, avl, atuin,

piast, glide by.

potis, e, able ; comparativc, potior, better, preferable.

prae-pes, -petis, stvift, fleet. praepinguis, e, very fat ;

fertile.

rich,

potius, comparative poto, are, avi, atuin or pdtuin,

adv., ratlier.
flrink.

prae-ripio, ere, -ripul, -reptuin,

seizefirst, snatch, aivay.

prae, adv., and prep. w. abl., hefore. praeoelsus, a, uin, very high,
loflij.

praeruptus. praeruinpo, praesaepe, is,

praescius, a,

a, uin, part. hroken, steejj.

ii.,

of

hive.

-prae-ceps, -cipltis, headlong

haste
;

in

uiii,

foreknowing,

n. as suost., brink, edge.

I, ii., precept, counivarning.

with foreknowledge.

praeeeptuni,
sel, cliarge,

praesens, entis,

prae-eipio, ere, -cepl, -ceptuni, prescribe, ordain ; anticipfite,

part. of praesuin, present, hefore one, afliand ; instfint, immediafe ; powerfid. stout, ready ; gracious, propitious.

forecast.

praecipito, are, avi, atuni, hurl lieaillong ; drive headlong ; fnll lieadlong, drop or fall sivijtli/,
hasten
;

prae-.senti6, ire, -sensl, -sensuni, jierceive beforehand, flivine. prae-sideo, ere, -sedl, -sessum,
presifle over, rule over.

rusli

down

Jlee

headiong.

VOCABULARY.
praestaus, antls,
part. of sto, surpassing, excellent.

63

prae-

prae-sto, are, -stltl, -statuni or -stitum, surpass, excel ; impersonal, praestat, it is befter.

Pi^iameius, a, um, of Priam. Prlamides,ae, m., a son of Priam. Priamus, I, m., Priam, king- of Troy a son of Polites and grand;

praeten-do, ere,
praeter,
beyond
sides.
;

-cll,

-tum, Iwld

son of the king.

out, e.rtend ; in pass., stretch in front, be opposite.

prldem,
since.

adv.,/o?- a long time, long

adv.

and
;

except

prep. w. aec, contrary to, be;

prlmo,

aAy., first, atfirst.

prlmum, adv., first, at first ; ut or cum primum, as soon as.

prlmus,
prior,
a,
flr.-it,

praeterea,
henceforth.

adv., besides

Jiereajter,
(-il),

uni, superlative of Joremnst, earliest ;

; ;

praeter-eo,
-ituni, pass hy.

-ire,
i,

-Ivi

chief, highest

in primls,
m.

espe-

ciaUy,_chiefiy

plur. as subst.,

praeter-labor,
praeter-velior,
past.

lapsus sum,
-vectus sum,
-texul,
;

glide hy,flow hy,jftoat by.

i,

pass. as depon., be borne past, sail

pririu, chiefs, the nohlest. prin-ceps, -cipis, ndj., first,.foremost ; mhst, chi^, leader ; author, founder. principium, I, n., beginning ; abl.
as adv., principio, in the first place, first, first ofall.

prae-texo,

ere,

-tex-

tum,

fringe, line conceal.

cover, cloak,

prae-verto,

ere,

-vertl,

also

pass. as depon., prae-vertor, i, pre-occup)y ; outstrip. prae-video. ere, -vidl, -vlsum, see (in advance).

prior, oris, comparative adj., beJore, first, former ; m. plur. as priores, um, ancestors, sub.^^^t.i
forefathers,

men ofold.
old, ancient
;

priscus, a,

um,

old-

time, antique.

pratum,
pravus,

I, n.,

meadow.

prlstinus, a, vaxi,former.
Pristis, is, f. ( sea-monster ), the namo of a ship.

a, um, wrong, wicked, false; n. as subst.,/aie/ioorf. precor, arl, atus sum, irray, beg, supjdicate, pray/or. implore. pre-liendo, ere, -liendl, -liensum (contracted to prendo), seize, grasp, occup>y.

prius, adv., hefore, sooner.

priusquamorpriusquam, conj.,
sdoner (han, before, until.

pro, prep. w.
oJ,.fi>r, tn

prelienso, are, ayi, atuni (contracted to prensoj, grasp at, luy

hold of, clutch. premo, ere, pressi, pressum, press,press on ; tread upon ; piress after, piirsue ; check, restrain, stay ; shut, close tiyhtly ; hide, conceal control, keep in place ; overwhelm, beardown, weighdoum.

in return for

abl., hejore, in fi "mt behalf of, in defence nf ; instead of.

proorproli!
proaA'Us,
I,

interj.,

O! ah!

m., great-grandfather
test
;

forefather.

probo, are, a vl, atum,

prove.

ap-

Procas, ae,
hoisterous.

king of Alba.
hold,

prendo, prenso,

procax, aeie,
pro-cedo, ere,

insolent

see

preliendo,

prelienso. presso, are, avi, atum, press.

l, n.,pirice, value; hribe; reward. prex, precis, f., usually in plur., prayer, entreaty.

-^'ssi,

-cessum,

pretinm,

go forivard, go oa, proceed, advance ; go further.

procella, ae, f., f)laet storm. procer, eris. m., usuaCy n phni.,
chief, noble, prince.

64

VIROIL, AENEID,
atuiii, cry

I.

-VI.

proclamo. are, avl,

tiloiid.

ProtTls,

is,

f.,

thc wifo of Ccphalus,

who
a fii

accitleiitally shot her.

pr6-jlci6, ere, -Jeci, -Jectum, cast Jling away, throw down ; away, throw away. pr6-labor, I, -lapsus suin, si7tk,
fall,fall to
riiin.

prooul,
r.

adv., at

a distance, far

off,

pr61e8,
race.

is,

f.,

offspring, child

lim,

pro-onnibo, cro, -cubul. -cubltuiii, beiid /oncard ; JaU, fall

.ilain, be

pr6-lu6, ere, -lui, -lutum, wash

forth
;

pro-ciirro,
procurvus,
ing.

run (-curri), -cursuiii, icard ; run oiit,jut out.

a,

prost rate ; fall in. ere, -ciicurri for-

proluvies,

drench, flood. ei, f., exc rement

pr6iiiereor, eri, itus suiii. deserce, inerit.

um,

curved, ivind-

procus, I, m., suitor, wooer. pr6d-e6, -ire, -il (-Ivl), -itum,

goforicard, advance.

pr6niissum. I, \\., x>romise. pro-mitto, ere, -mlsi, -inissum,

proinise
;

vow.
;

pr6m6,

ere, pr6mpsi (pr6msl), promptum, bring fortli w. se,

prodigium,

I, n.,

evil

omen, por-

tent,prodigy. pr6<liti6, 6nis, f., treason ; treacherous charge, accusation. pr6-d6, ere, -didl, -dituin, jnit

comejorth, issueforth ; ^mtforth. pr6nuba. ae, f., bridesmaid, atteniliuit on a bride. pronus, a, um, bending forward, heudlong ; prone, sloping, descending.

Jorth

hand

; bi'trai/ ; gice iip, doicn, transmit.

abandon

pro-duco, ere, -duxl, -ductum,

leadfortli; prolong.

proelium. profanus,

propagro, inis, f., stock, line, race. prope, adv. aiid prep. w. aec, near. propere, adv., quickly, in haste.

I, n.,

battle, Jight.

a.

um.

proper6. are, avl, atum,

inake haste.

ha.^iten,

iinhallowed, un-

sanctijied, uninitiated.

pr6-fer6. -ferre. -tuli. -latum. carry forward, extend.

proflciscor,
set out,
i, profectus sam, comefrom.

propinqu6, are, avl, atum, aj)proach, draw near. propinquus, a, um, near, nigh, at
hand
;

akin, related

as

subst.,

kinsman.
nearer.

(profor), ari,
out, speak.

atus sum, speak propior, ius, comparative,

;

profugiis. a, um. fleeing, exiled m. as sub.st., exile, .fiigitive.

propius. comparative adv., nearer, more closely ; viore graciously.

profundus,
foiind.

a,
el,

um,
f.,

deep>,

piro-

pr6-p6n6, ere. -posui. -positum, setforth, display, ofler.

proprius, a,

um,

one's oivn

last;

pr6genies,
spyring.

race, line, off-

pro-s^isn^, ere, -genul. -genituiii. bear, bring forth.

ing, enduring.

propter.
account

prep. w. acc, near

oj',

on

because of.
I, n.,

pr6puj?naculum,
rampart.

bulwark,

,pr6-gredior, I, -gressus suni, go foricard, advance. prolilbe6, ere, ui, itum, keeiy off\
avert hinder, prevent.
off',

pr6ra, ae,
I)r6-ripi6,

f.,

prow.
;

ere,

ward

debar, forbid
part. of

tum, drag forth

trans., hasten

-ripul, -repw. se, or as lu-

pr6jectu8, a,

um,

pro-

away. pr6-rump6, ere, -rupi, -rup-

Jlcio, prqjecting, jutting.

tum,

hurl forth, belch forth.

VOCABITLARY.
proruptus.
a. uiii, part. of proruinpo, rushing, raging. pro-sequor, 1, -secutus sum, attend, follow after, accompany ;

65
f.,

pii^na, ae,

battle,Jight, comhat.
Jight,

pugno, are, avi, atnm,

contend, resist, oppose.

proceed.

pa^nus,
pulciier,
ous

1,

Proserpina, ae,

Proserpine, wife of Pluto, and queen of the lower world. pro-silio, ire, -silui, leap forth, spring forv.a rd.
f.,

beauiitid
;

m., Jist. clira, chrum, fair, goodly, noble ; glori-

ejscetlent.

pulso,

are, avl, atnm, beat, strike, lash ; strikeagainst, touch ; part., pulsans, throbbing.
iis,

prospectus, us,
outtook.

va.,prnsj>ect, vieic,

pulsus,

m., beat, trampling,

prosper
erum,
tum,

or prosperus, era, favorable, prosperong.

;

puiverulentus,
a cloud of dust.

a,

um, dusty,

in

pro-spicio, ere, -spexi, -speclook out, look forth, peer behold, see, perceive, discern.

puiv-is, -eris, m., dust.

pCimex,

icis,

m.,

pumice-stone,

prosum, prodesse, proful,

use, avail, projit.

be

porous rock, rock. of pCiniceus, a, um, purple, crimson.

Punieus,
nian.

a, uni, Punic, Carthagiis,

f.,

pro-tego, ere, -texi, -tectum,

cover,protect.

pro-tendo, ere, -tendi. -tensum

or-tentuiii, stretchfnrth.

puppis,

stern; generally,

shipj, vessel.

protinus,

pursTo, are, avl,

atum,

cleanse,

adv., forward, on ; Jorthicith, immediately ; continuously.

I .

clear; w. se, melt away, vanish.

pro-traiio, ere, -traxi, -tractum, drag forth. pro-velio, ere. -vexi, -vectum, befir fortcard ; in paas., go, sail, ride, proceed, go on.

purpura, ae, f., purpile, crimson. purpureus, a, um, purjile, crimson

xif
;

bright, glowing, radiant.

proximus,
propior,
;

a, um, superlative of nearest, next.

a, um, clean, pure, clear a spear, headless. puto, are, avl. atum, think, suppose ; ponder. consider.

purus,

Pvgmaiion,
of Dido. pyra, ae,
f.,

onis, m., the brother

prudentia,

dom pruna, ae, f., live coal. pubens, entis, juicy.

pubes,

.ae, f., Joresight, v:isskill, discretion.

pyre,Juneral pile.
f.,

PyrjSTo, VI8, children.

the nurse of Priam'9

is, f., groin, the middle youth, young men ; offspring.

Pyrrliu.s,

l,

m., the son of Aehilles.

pubesco, ere, puliul, grow up, grow towards rnanliood, ripen. pudeo, ere, ul or puditum est,
make or be ashamed ; impersonal, pudet, one is ashamed.

qua,

adv.

rel., ichere.

as
in
f.

interroK.,

howf indef., quadrigae, aruiii,

tcherer'

any way.
plur.,

team
heast,

pudor,
honor.

oris, m., rnodesty, chastity,

ofjour
aniiual.

horses, four-horse chariot.

quadru-pes, -pedls,
quaesitnni,
search out
seek.

m.,

pvella, ae, f., girl, muiden. puer, eri, m., child, boy, lad.
puerilis, e, boyish, youthfid, of
boya.

quaero, ere, quaeslvi quaesil),

; ask, inquire in vain, miss^

search for, ; lodk for

66
judge.

VIRGIL, ABNBID,

l.-VI.

qnaesltor, oris, m., (presiding)

quaeso, ere, quaeslvl

old torm of
beg, beseech.

(il),

(aii

quaero), ask, pray,

nf svch
sort,

qnies, etis, f., rest, quiet, peacA, siumber ; pauie. qni-esco. ere, evl, etuin, rest, rejxwe ; become quiet, cease, de.ii.st ;
lie

doivn.

qualiR, e,
as, like
;

rel.,

snch as,
sort.

quietus, a,
calm.

nm,
nay,

quiet,

peac^ul,
;

iiiten'og.,

(;/"

what

quain, adv., hoiv mnch, hoiv, as much as ; after tain. as ; with

comparatives, than ; witli .superlatives, as as possible. q u a ni q u a ni , conj. although, though ; und yet. quaiiivis, conj., hotvever much though, although.
,

quln,

conj., that not, but that

adv.,

tvhg not ? raiher.

nay
;

even,

but

qninl, ae, a, flve each

loosnly, five.

quinquaginta, f./'tg. quippe, adv., surely;

Jorsooth
;

ironieally,

quando,

adv.

at

any

time, ever

Quirlnus,
ivho? ivhy?

for, since. I, m.,

name

of

conj., since, because.

quantns, a, uni, rel., as great, as much as interrog., how great,

;

Romulus. quis, quae, qnid, interrog. pron.,

hoiv viuch.

what? n. as adv., quld, how? ivhat of? indef. pron.,

qnare, atlv., wherefore, therefore. qnartus, a, a.n\,fourth. quasso, are, avl, atuiii, shake,
brandish
;

any
ivho,

one, anything, any.

qutsnam, quaenam, quiduani,

pray ? what, j>rag
quicquain, anyone,

quisquam, quaequam, quidqiiani

or angthing.

shatter.

quater, adv., four times. quatio, ere, quassuin,

stir
;

shake,
;

cause to quiver or tremble harass, torment. quattuor, four.

quis(iue, quaeque, quotlque, and as sub.^t., quidqne or quic-

que,

each, every, all.

quisquis, quldquidorquicqnld,
whoever, whatever.

-qne

3onj., enclitic, awfZ

-que

awd. qu-eo, -Ire, -Ivl (-il), -ituiii, be

-que, both

quo,

inter. and rel. adv.. whither, to what end. toherejore conj., in order that, that.

where,

quocirca, conj., loherefore. qnercns, us, f., oak ; oak-leaves. quocuinque, adv., whithersoever, querela, ae, f., complaint. wherever. queror, i, questus suni, com- quod, conj., that, because ; in that,
plain, bewail.
tation.
a><
t(i ;

able, C(in.

qiiod

si,

but

if.

questus, us,

m., complaint, lamenivho,

ad.j.,

quoinodo,

adv.,

how?

as.

qul, quae, quod, rel. pron., which, what. that ; InteiTOg. who? which? whatf indef.
any.

quonam,
at times,
ever.

adv., whither, piray?

adv., once,

quondani,
quoniain,

adj.,

sometimes

formerly some dag,

;

qnla, cnj., because. -qulanain, adv., why?

conj., since, because.

quoque,
quot,

conj., aZso, too.

qulcuinque, quaecuinque,
quodcumque, whoever, ivhatever.
qnldein,
adv.,

adj., indecl.,

how many? as
year by

many
year.

as.

tndy, indeed

yet,

quotannis,

adv., yearly,
.

however ; ne..qniaem, not ehen.

VOCABULARV.
(|aotlen8, af\v.,hoio often? as often
ac.

G7

quousque,
lo\yi^'

adv.,

how farf how

ife-cipio, ere, -cepi, -ceptunj, tak.2 back, recover, rescue ; receive, admit ; exact, receive (what is due;.

re-cludo, ere, -clusi, -clusum,

u2)en,

R.

disclose; iinsheathe.

rabidus. a, uni, raging, furious,

savaye.

rabies, em,
ness.

re-col6, ere, -colul, -cultum, muse, con&ider. recon-do, ere, -didl, -ditum,
hide, conceal, biiry.

e,

f.,

rage,fury ; mad;

radius,

recordor, ari, atus suin,

I,

recall,

m., staff. rod a wheel) ray, beam.

;

spoke (of

radix, icis, f., root. ra-do, ere, -sl, -suni, scrape

skim, graze, along.
sail close to,

remember. rector, oris, m., master, Jielmsman. rectus, a, um, part. of vesq,
n.,

coast

straight ; n. as subst., rectum, uprightness, virtue.

1,

ranius,

rapidus,
rapio,

m., bough, branch, ticig. a, um, sivift, quick, rapid, flying ; consuming, fierce.
l,

recubo, are, lie, recline. recurso, are, avl, atnni, come

back, return.

rapui, raptum, seize, carry off, hurry airay, snatch up ; catch ; rescue ; piUage,
ere,
;

recursus, us, m., retreat. reeuso, are, avi, atuin,

object, be reluctaid
;

re.fuse, recoil, shrirJc

plunder, ravish rapto, are, avi,

along.

scnur.

back.

atum, drag, drag re-cutio,

re-echo.
;

ere, -ciissuni, strike again. cause to r.i-aand ; iu pass.,

raptor, oris, m., plunderer

0/ie's

as &&}.. plundering, raveniny, seeking

red-do, ere, -didl, -ditum,

make.

prey.
I, n.,

raptum,

booty, plunder.
thin
;

give back, return, restore ; render, repay ; utter, give .forth, yield

raresoo, ere, grow

icider, wideti out.

grow red-eo,

rarus, a,

thin ; tvith wide meshes. coarse ; scattered, here and there ; broken, faltering.
f.
,

um,

-ire, -11 (-ivl). -Itum, go back, come again, return. rediinio, Ire, II, Itum, bind around, encircle, wreathe.
-enil,

ratio, onis,
ratis,
is,
f.,

manner, way, plan

sen.se.
;

red-imo, ere.
;

-emptum,

reason, counsel,

raft

ship.

raucus,

ing ; rebellis, e, insurgent. re-cedo, ere. -cessi, -cessuni.

retire,

a, um, hoarse, deep soundringing, resounding.

buy bacic, red^m, ransom. reditus, us, m., return. redoleo. ere, ui, smeU o.r. re-diic6, ere. -duxi. -ductum,
briiig back, restore.

reductus. a. um.

tcithdraic,
;

give
;

away

rvay,

go

part. of deep, retered, secluded.

reduco.

flee,

vanish

stand apart,

be retired.

recens, entis, fresh, recent, neiv. re-censeo, ere. -censui, -censum aud -censitum, count, revisw.

re-dux. -ducis, restored, returned. re-felI6, ere, -felli, disprove,

gai,i.say.

refer6, referre, rettuli, relarefle.x.

recidlvus, a, um, restored, aneic. re-eingo, ere, -ciuxl, -cinctum,

ungird, loose.

brii.g back, briug ngain, return, restore ; report, answer ; w, or in nass., go back, ebb,

tuni,

return ; recatl, revive ; speak, utter, relatc cry.

change;

68
re-fisro,
loutfcn,

VIRGIL, ABNEID,
-flxi, -flxuiii. ere, tear (luivn ; iii i)ass., /'ittl.

I.

-VI.
1.

remisiuin.

n.,

oarage, rotoing

utirs: uitrsincn, crew.

re-flecto. ere, flexi, flexuiii, turn back. re-frins6, ere, -freffi, -fractuiii, brcak off. re-fuffio, ero, -fusi, fiee back,
retrcal
;

re-iiiitto. ere, -inisl, -missum, send back, restore ; return, rcpay , give up.

re-mortle6, ere, -morsum. gnaw,

vex, torture.

recede,

slnint',

recoil
.yliine

re-moveo, ere,

shrihk back /rom. re-fulj?e6, ere, -fulsi,

gleain, filiine.turth.

-iiiovi, -iiiotum, remove, clear aivay. re-mi!Efi6. Ire, resound, re-echo roar, inuan.

ref usus, a.
.

pouring
flowing.

uiii, pa part. of orth, 00 iling

um,

refundo,
np
;

reinus,

I,

m., oar.
I,

over-

Remus,
Romulus.

m.,

tlie

lirollicr

ot'

regalis, e, regal, royal. regificus, a, uni, regal, royal. rej^Ina, ae. f.. qiieen ; princess ;
appos. as adj., royal.

renarr6, are, avl, atum,

again, relate.
iii

tell

re-nascor.

born again, beevcr renewed, gruw anew.

I,

-natus

suiii, he

regi6,
quarter.

onis,

f.,

tract,

region,

renOA'6, are, avl, atuin, renew,

revive.

regius, a,

nm,

royal.
rutcr, lord.

regnator, oris, m.,

kinij
;

rejjno, iire, avl, a.tum, reign, be

riile over.

regrnum,

kingship, sover1, n., eignty ; kingdom, realm ; seat o/ empire, queen city.

reor, reri, ratus suni, think, suppose,fancy, bcUeve. repelI6, ere, reppuli, repulsuin, drivc back, beat back, repel reject, spurn. re-pend6, ere, -pendl, -pen-

sum,

rei)ay, requite

balance.

resj6. ere, rexi, reetum, guide, direct ; rule, gorern, svcay.

repente,
rei>eri6,

adv., suddenly.

re-jici6,

ere,

-jeci,

-jectum,

ire,

repperi, reper-

throio back.

t\xu\,flnd, Jind out, discover.

re-le!?6, ere, -legl, -lectum, sail past again, retrace. religi^, onis, f., reverence, awe worshi]), Yeligion ; divine revetation, voice o/ heaven ; object o/ worship, divinity ; sacred cluty. relijsriosus, a, um, holy, sacred. aw/ul. re-Iinqu6, ere, -Iiqul, -lietuni, leavebehind, leave, gire up, desert, forsake, abandon. reliquiae, arum, f. plur., remains,

repet-6, ere, -Ivl

(-il), -Ituiii. seek again. return, regain ; rejicuf. renew ; retrace; recall, remcinhcr.

repl-e6, ere, -evi, -etum, flU. repletus. a. uni, part. of repleo,

fidl, chukcd.

re-p6n6. ere, -posul, -posituni. put back, restore piit ii.\idc, lay
;

down. reporto, are, avi, atuiii, hring

back, report.

reposc6, ere, demand,

quire.

claiin,

re-

remnant.

re-luceo, ere, -luxl,

be
lit up).

shine, gleam,

repositus, a, uni (contracted to repostus), part. of repono,

stored, buried
;

remeo, are, avi, atum, return. re-metior, Iri, -mensus suni, remeastire, retrace, traverse again.

remote, distant.

re-{riin6, ere, -pressl, -pressixin, check, restrain.

rem-ex, -ig^is, m., rower, man; coUectively, oarsmen,

oarscrew.

requi-es,
respite
;

-etis, f., rest, repose, resting-place, haven.

VOCABULARY.
re-qulesco, ere, -quievi, -quietuiii, rest.

69
-tectum, unretard,

r^-tej?6. ere, -texl, ret-ento, are, avl,

ke^ip back.

ciiver, disclose, reveal.

re-quiro, ere, -quisivl (ii), -quisitum, seek out, seek ; ask ;

inquireafter, miss, viourn. res, rel, f., thing. affair, matte.r, event. state ot things, fortune, lot,
interest, i\iality./act.

atum,

retinaeulum,

i,

n., rope, cable.

re-tine6, ere, -tinal, -tentum,

hold back, restrain. re-trali6, ere. -traxl. -tractum,

re-8cind6, ere, -soidl, -scissum,

tear doivn.

drag back, draw again.

retr6, adv., backicards, back.

reservo, are, avl, atum,

reserve.
idle, sluggish.

keep,

retr6versus
sicerable.

res-es, -idls, inactive, unstirred,

(contracted to retrorsus), adv., hack, again. defendant ; bound, anreus, I, m.,

re-sideo, ere, -sedl, -sessum, sink down. re-sldo, ere, -sedl, sit down, take
one's seat
;

re-vell6, ere, -velli, -vulsum,

pluck, tear off ; dig up, disentomh.

settle

down;

abate, be

calmed.
resij:n6, are, avl, open.

re-vert6, ere, -vertl. -versum, or re-vertor. i, versus suin,

turn back, return, retruce one's

atam,

unseal,

re-sisto, ere, -stitl, stop, patise ; stand forth ; resist, icithstand, hold out. re-solv6, ere, -solvl. -solutum,

way. re-vinci6, Ire, -vinxl,

-vinc-

tum, bindback, bind,fasten, make fast ; wreathe. revis6, ere, return to, revisit.
revoe6, are, avl. atum,
call back retrace.
;

unhind ; set free, release ; rdax break ; vnravel ; open.

recall, restore, renew, revive;

reson6, are, avl, re-echo. respecto, are, avl, atum. care

for, regard.

re-volv6.

ere.

-volvi. -volu-

re-8pici6,

ere,

-spexl, -speo;

tam,

look back. look around

look

back for. turn to look for ; notice, regard, be mindful of, take thought for, consider. 3?e-sponde6, ere,-8pondI,-8p6nsum, answer, respond ; correspond. resp^nsum, I, n., answer, reply,
response.

roll back ; in pass., fall back, sink back ; return, restore; repeat, unfold. revom-6, ere, -ul, disgorge, spit forth. rex. regis, m., king, prince, ruler; as adj. in appos., riding.

tum,

Rliadamantlius. I. m.. the brother

of Minos, and judge in the lower world.

re-stingn6, ere, -stinxi, -stincquench, extinguish. restit-u6, ere, -ul, -utum, restore.

Rhesus.

tum,

re-sto, are, -stitl, be

left,

remain.

i. m., a Thracian king aud all y of Troy. Rlilpeus, i, m., a Trojau. Rhoeteus, a, am, of Bhoeteum, a promontory near Ttov heuce geu;

erally, Trojan.

result6, are,

atum,

re-echo.

resupinas,
sujiine.

a,

um,

on the back,

re-8urg6, ere, -surrexl, -sur-

rlde6. ere, rlsl. risuin. laugh. smile ; laugh at. rige6, ere, be stiff. rig6, are, avl, atom, wet, moisten,,
bathe, bedevj.

rectum,
rete,

rise again.

is, n., net.

rlma, ae,

f.,

crack, chink, cleft.

70
rlmor, ari, atiis
rumnHijje.
tenk!/.

VlUOn-, AENEID,
suiii, iear oprn,
fittl

T.-VI.

Rutnl:, oruni,

ilii/ ileiji.

riiiiosiis, a,

uiii,

o.f

chhtks,

iii. plur., an ancio.nt ni-oi^lc of Latiuin, who, under Turiius. oppo.^^cd the settlcment of Aciicas.

ri|)a, ae,

f.,

baiilc.
irett,

rite, adv.,

tliitjj. jtittn,

rightty.

rivUS, I, 111., .^^fream. r61>-ur, -oris, 11., .<mA';

jwtcer, vigor.

Sabaeus, a, uin,
.it

rengtti,

i\

fkibaean, of Saba, town in Arabia famous for its

franldncense.
(tslc

roffito, are, avi, atuiii, ertg, ask.

eag-

sacer, era, eruin, consecrated, sacred, holy

;

devoted (for sacritice),

rojjo, are, avi, atuiii, ask, reqttest,

accursed ;
1, 1).,

askjor.

rogus,

n. as suhst., saeruiii, chiefly in phir., sacred rites sacrijice, ojfering ; sacred hymns.

i,

Roiiia, ae,

m., funeral pile, pi/re f., Itome.

a.
i,

saeerdos, otis, m. and

priestess.

f.,

priest,

Ronianus,
Roman. Roniulus,
Ronie.

uni,
tlie

o/

Rome,

saeratus, a,

um,

part. of saero,

sacred, holy, hallowed.

in.,

founder of

saer6, are, avi, atuin, consecrate,

dedicate.

Romulus,

a, uni, of Romiitus. roro, are, avi, atum, clriji.

ros, roris, m., (teic ; droj), .^pray. roseidus, a, uni, deicy. roseus, a, uin, o/ roses ; rosy,
roseate, rose-colorett.

saeculuin, i, n., generation ; age. saepe, adv., often, oft. sacpi6, ire, saepsl, saeptum, enclose, surround ; gird.
saeta, ae, f., saevi6, Ire,
be/urious.
bristte, stiffhair.

rostruin, 1, n., beak ; prow. rota, ae, {..'ictieel.

ii (ivl),

Ituni, rage,

saevus,
in

rubeseo, ere, rubul, redden. rudens, enti.s, m., rope, line ;

plur., rigging, cordage.

a. um, raging, furious, savage, Jierce, cruel, j)itiless.

Sagaris, is, m., aservantof Aeneas.

sagitta, ae, f., arrotv, shaft. sal, salis, m. and n., salt ; tliesea.
tlie

rud-6, ere, -ivi, -ituin, roar ; creak, groan; gurgle. ruina, ae, f.,,fotl, dotvnfall, rttin,
overthroic, disaster.

deep.
witli

rumor,

oris, m., rumor, report. runip6, ere, rfipi, ruptum, break. burst, force, burst tlirough ; violate, betray ; piut an end to, intemipt, sever ; can.ie to breuk forth ; in pass. or reflexive, burst Jorth. ruo, ere, rul, rutum, overthrow, throiv dotvn. destroy ; uptnrn, throtc up ; .fall, riish 'doivn..fall in ruins ; rush forth, piour forth. rvipes, is, f., rock, cliff.

Salius, i, m., an Acarnaniaii Aeneas.

Sallentlnus, a,
tentini,

uiii,

o.t

tlie

Sat-

a people Italy, Sallentine.

of Calabria, in
m.,
a

Salm6neus,

eos,

son of

Aeolus, punisbed iii tlie lower world for impiety. salsus, a, um, part. of salo, saltecl,
satt.

saltein, adv., at

least.

.saltus, us, m., leap, bound.

rursus

(rarely

rursum),
tield.

adv.,

saltus, us, m., ivoodland, glade.

back ; again. rus, ruris, n., country,

salum,

I, n.,

the sea,
1.,

t.he

deep.

salus, utis,

safety, welfare.

VOCABULARY.
oalato, are, avl, atnni,
greet.

71

salufe,

scelero, are, avi,

'

atum,

jollute,
guilt,

dejile.
n.,

salveo, ere,
hail,

he tcell

imperative,
off

scelus, eris,
villainy.

crime, deed

welcome.
es,
f.,

Same,

an island

the west-

sceptrum,

1,

n.,

sceptre

power,

ern coast of Greece.

dominion, sivay.

Sanios,

sanctus, a, nni,

1, f., an island near Asia Minor, sacred to Juno. part. of sancio, sacred, holy ; augunt, reverend pure,just.

scUicet, adv., douhtless,forsoofh. scindo, ere, scidl. scissum, split,

cleave, rend, teur, dicids.

scintilla, ae,
scio. ire, ivi,

f.,

spark.

gan^aineus, a.nni,
rea
;

bloody, blood;

Itnm, know ; know

hlood-shot.

how.
descent,

san$;uis, inis, m., hlood

race, offspring.

sanies,

el, i.,foul

matter, gore.
well
;

Scipiades, ae, m., o?ie of the house of tlie Scipios. scltor, arl,atus sum, ask, inquire;
consult.

sanus, a, uni, sound,

in one's right mind.

sane,

scopulns,
reef.

1,

m.,

clijf,

crag, rock,

Sarpeclon. onis, m.. king<,f Iiycla, an ally of the Trojans.

sat, see satis.

srupeus, a, um, rough, rugged,

ofjagged rocks. scutuni, I, n., shield. Sc.ylaceam. i, n., a town of southern Italy, near a daugerous point.

sata.

orum, n.

plur., part.

of sero,

soicnjields, crops.

satio, are, avi, atum, satisfy, appease. satis (also sat ;, enoiigh, sufflciently,
sufficient.

Scylla. ae, f., a sea-monster dwelling on a dangerous rock in the strait between Italy aud Sicfly;
the

sator, oris, m., soicer ; father.

name of a

ship.

Saturnius, a, um, of Saturn Saturnia, ae, f., subs..

daughter of Saturn,
i.e.,

as
the

Juno.
;

Scyllaeus, a, um, of Scylla. Scyrius, a, um, of Scyros, an island in the Aegean, Scyrian.
secessus, us, m.,
hay, inlet.
retreat, reces."'

Saturnus,

l, m., Saturn. an ancient god of Latium, in the golden age

afterwards regarded as the father ot Juppiter, Jiino, and other gods.

satnro, are, avl, atum,

isfy. sate.

se-cludo, ere. -clusi, -clustin' shut up ; shut out, put aslu^,

hanish.

Jill,

sat-

saueius, a,

um, \cotinded, stricken.

rock, stone.
adj., tlie
f.

seclusus. a, uni,
secluded, retired.

part. of

seclud'

saxum,

1, n.,

Scaea, ae,

with porta, the

principal gate of

Scaean yate, Troy.

seco, are, secui, sectum, ci"' saw, carce ; cut through, cleave w. viAin, pursue, sjteed.

scaena, ae,
staye.

f.,

scene,
f.

background

secretus, a,
;

um, part. of seeernoremote

;

retired, apart, secret.

secret,

scaiae,

arum,

plur.,

ladder,

secundo, are,
jjrosjxr.

make propitioua,
nexi,

scando, ere,

scaling ladders. climh, mount, ascend.

secuudus,
securis,

a.

um, follotving,
axe.

sceleratus, a, um, part. of scelero, accursed ; impious, wicked, infamous.

second ; Jlying ; Javoring, prosperous, prupitious, successfiu.

is,
f.,

72
seonrus, a,
u.n\,

VIRGIL, AENEID,
free

I.-Vl.

/mm
;

care

sentontia, ae,

/rom

heedlesK, witliout care.

reganl

freeiity

f., opinion, jndgmeiit, mew ; purpose. sentio, ire, sensl, sensuiii, per-

seous, mlv., othfiru-iae : hauil 8eous, eifH thuK, Jiist s(i ; liaud

ceive,J'eel

under.Htand, knotv.

secus
sed,

iiv.jiiift as,

ecen as.
sit,

sentis,

is,

m., hrier, bramhle.

conj., but.

sentus, a,
he
biiry.

um,

rough, overgron-n.

sedeo, ere, sedl, sessuni,

seated
;

sepel-io, Ire, -ivl,

senultum,

encainp

bejij'cd.

sedes,

sei)tem, seven.
dtvellin;/,

is, f., seat, abode, temple,Joiindation.

septemgeminus,
fold.
seven.

a,

um,
;

seven-

sedUe,
riof.

Is,

ii.,

seat, hench.
f.,

septenl, ae, a, seven each

stri/e,

loo.sely,

seditio, onis,

seditinn,

seiitimus, a,

um,

sevei.th.

se-diioo, ere, -duxi, -duotuni,

separate, sever.
sefT-es, -etis, f., corn-Jield ing corn, crop.
;

sepulorum,
ciiasing.

1, n.,

tomb, yi-ave.

stand-

sequax, hcis, /ollowiny, pursuing,

sequor,
attend.
1,

segnis, e,
inactire.

slotv,

shiggish, listless,

secutus snni,
;

follow,

/ollow after, seek

chase,

pursue

segnities,
ness.

el,

f.,

slowness, tardif.,

sereno, are, avi, atum, calm,

clear
;

Sellnus, untis,

inake to look bright.

clear,

town on the

.southern coast of Sicily.

serenus,
less
;

semel,
senien,

a, uiii, serene, calin.

1,

cloud-

adv., once.

Serestus,
spark

niinis, n., seed, plur., elements, gerrns.

m., a comrade of

seuiesus, a, uni, half-eaten, halfconsumed. seniianiniis, e, but halj-alive, halfli/eless.

Aeneas. Serjestus, 1, m., a comrade of Aenens. Serffius, a, um, Sergian, of the Roman family named Sorgius.
series, ei,
tion
;
f.
,

seiiiinex, neeis, half-d-ead.

series, chain, course.

seniiuo, are, avi, atum, sow, pruduce. semita, ae, f., pathway, path.

sermo, dnis,

m., talk,

conversa-

rumor, gossip.

sero, ere, sertum, join, weo.ve

talk over, discuss.

semivir,

I, m. adj., half-man, womanish, effeminate. semper, adv., always, ever.

a, um, hal/-burned, hal/-consumed. senatus, us, ni., senate.

semustus,

sero, ere, sevl, satum, sow ; in perf. pass., he born o/, be sprung /rom,oe son o/. serpens, entis, m. and f serpent,
,

snake.

serpo,

heneota, ae, f., old age, age. senectus, tutis, f., old age, age. senex, senis, compar. senior, old as .subst., old man.
seni, ae, a, six each
;

ere, .serpsl, serptuni, creep, crawl, wind ; steal upon.

Serranus,
;

1, m., C. Atilius Re^ulus Serranus, who was summoned from the plougli to the consulship. serta, oriim, n. phn-., part. of sero,

looselj', six.
;

wreaths, garlands.

sensus, us, m.,

ing, emotion.

sense, spirit

feel-

serus, a, nm, late, too late, tardy. serva, ae, f., a slave*woman.

VOCABULARV,
servans, antis,
observant.
I'

73

part.

of servo,

Simo-18, -entls, m., x river near

TToy.

8er\-16, Ire, ivl, itani, be a slave,

serre.

simplex,
siiiiul,
gisther
;

icis, simple, pure.

adv., at the

same

time, to-

servitium, I, n., slavery, bondage. servo, are, avl, atnm, iratch orer, 8ave, preserve, keep. guard ; maintain, cherish ; abide in, keep close to ; icatch, ohserve.

simni ac, as soon as. simulacrum, I, n., image ; ghost,

phantom ; miinicry. simulo, are, avi, atum, imitate ; pretend.feign; part. simnlatus,
dissembled, assumed, false.
sln, conj., but
if.

seu,

conj., see
;

slve.

severns, a,
severe
81, conj., if. in

um,

strict,

stern,

aivful.

case ; since ; ivhether i/ onlg. icotdd that ; so sure as. sTbilus, a, um, hissing.

sine, prep. w. abl,, icithout. sinj^nll, ae, a, one hy one, one each

each ; n.plur., singula, as subst., each detail.

Sibylla, ae,
Sicanl,

f.,

Sibyl, prophetess.

sinister, tra,
subst.,
left

trum,
se.

left

f.

a-s

sic, adv., thus, so.

sinistra

nianus;, the
let,

orum, m. plur., the Sicani. a tribe of Latiuni --hich settled in

Sicily, lienee, the Sicilians.

hand. sino, ere, sivl, situm, permit,

alloic.

Sicania, ae, t., Sicily. slceo, are, a vi. atum, dry, gtanch.

Slnon, onls, m., a Greek who

wooden horse. sinuo, are, avl,
icreathe.

in-

duced the Trojans to admit the

siccus,

a,

um, dry ;

thirsty.

atnm,

v.ind,

pnrched. sicubi, adv., ifanyichere.

Siculus, a, um, Sicilian, of Sicily. sldereus, a, um, starry.

sldo, ere, sidi, alight.

sinus, vis, m., fold (of a garment) bosom ; curve ; gulf, bay ; sail. Slrenes, um, f. plur., the Sirens, three fabulous mousters in the form of beautiful maidens, who, by
their sougs, lured sailors to

Sldon, onis, f., a city of Phoeuicia. Sldonius, a, um, of Sidon, Sidonian

;

the

loosely, Tyrian.
n., star,

sldus, eris,
season.

constellatton

rocks on which they dwelt. Slrius, I, m., Sirius, the dog-star. sisto, ere, stiti, statum, set, p/lace : hring ; stop, stay ; uphold ;
ref;t,

Slgeus, a, um, of Sigeum, a promontory near Troj'. 8lgn>. are, avl, atum, mark,
notice
;

abide.

niark out, distinguish.

f., thirst ; drought. situs, us, m.,place; neglect, mould. slve or seu, conj., or, or if: slve

sitis, is,

sijsrnum, i, n., inark. signal. sign. token ; standard ; carving, Jigure.

(seu

eitlier

sive or.

(seu),

ichether

or,

silentlum,

I, n.,

sUence.
still.

sileo, ere, ul, be silent, calm,

silex, icis, m. and {.,flint

socer, eTi,m.,father-in-law : plur., parents-in-law. socio, are, avl, atum, ally, join,
unite
alhj.
;

; ;

stone.

share.
i,

sllva, ae,

f..

wood, forest

thicket

socius,

m., companion, comrade,

thick groicth.

Silvius,

I,

m., the
like,

name of

several

socius, a,

um,

allied.friendly.

kingsofAlba.
similis, e,
kind.

simUar,ofthe same

s61, solis, m., sun. sometimes personiJied the sun-god ; sunlight,

light of

day ; day.

74
solacinin,
l.

VIROII.,
n.,

AENEID,

I.-VI.

solace, cin/ort,
ii.,

consolation.

sorbeo, ere, ul, suck in, swallow. sordldus. a. uin, foul, Jilthy, unsightly, sqiialid.

solaiiien, iiiinis,
fort.

solnce,

com-

soror, oris,

f.,

sister.

soleo, ero.

soUtus

suiii, he icont,

he accustoined.

sors, sortis. f., loi ; oracle ; /ate, destiny ; /'ortune, condition.

solidus, a,
.soliaiu,

uiii. soUd,Jirin.

sortior, iri, itus suin.

.for
;

1, n.,

seut, throne.

allot, decide

draw lots choose, select.

solleiiinis, e, annual, appoinied : accustomed, tvonted ; solemn, religioiis ; n. plnv., sollemnia, as

sub.st., sacred rites, due rites. soUieito, are, avl, atuin, dis-

sortltus, us, m., draioing o/ lots, aUoiment. sparjcro, ere, s]KirsI, sparsnin,
scatter. streir
:

ilisfnT^i': spattrr,

besprinkle ; Jtingin' siirf-nd ahrond.

quiet, vex, disturh.

sollieitus,
t

Sparta, ae,
anxious,
Aleuelans.

f.,

Spurta, the city of

a, uiii, ro ubled, in pe rplexit y.

solor, ari,
console.

atus sum, comfori,

ground, earth, land,
;

Spartanns,
spatior,

a, uin, Spartan.

ari,
l,

jjtus
n.,

sum,

pace,

solum,
soil
:

wulk

to

and Jro,

irulk stately.

I,

n..

sur.face (of tlie sea).

uiii, alone, onli/

spatinm,

space,
;

room

solus, a,
solita ry.

lonely,

course ; time. speeies, ei, f, sight

appearance.
sight,

sol v6, ere. so1a'1,

solutum, loosen,

speetaenlum,
iacle.

I,

n.,

spec-

unhind ; dissolce, break doicn, relax ; open ; J'ree, dispel, banish ; pay. somnium, i, n., dream. somnus. 1. m., sleep, slumher ; personitied, Sleep.

speeto, are, avl, atum, look at, gaze on. speeula, ae, f., watch-iower, lookoiit.

soni-pes, -peclis, with sottnding /eet ; as subs., prancing sieed. sonitns, us, m., sound, noise, roar ;
thiinder.

speeulor, ari, atus snm, watch, wait io see; mark, caich sighi of.

spelunea, ae, f., cave, cavern. spern6, ere, sprevi, spretum,

de.^pise,

scorn, spurn. slight.

son-6, are, -ul. -ituin, sound,

resounil, ring, roar, echo, ihunder.

spero. are, avi, atuni, hope /or, look/or ; expect,/ear.

spes,
ei,
f.,

sonorus, a,
roaring.

um,

noisy, sounding,

hope, expectation.

sons. sontis, giiilty ; <as snbst., Ouilty one, a sinner. sonus, 1, m., sound, noise. sopltus, a- uin, part. of sopio, luUed to sleep ; slumbering,
smouldering. opor, 6ris.m., deep sleep, slumber
personitied, Sleep.
:

spiculuin, 1, n., dart, arrow. splna, ae, f., thorn. Spi6, us, f., a sea-nj-mph. splra, ae, {.,/old, coil.
spirabilis, c, that
vital.

may be breaihed,
;

splritns, us, m., hreath

pride, Jire;
life, soul.

spirit,

sop6rifer, era,
sleep,

erum,

hringing

slumberous, drowsy.

sop6r6, are, atum, make stupeJying. make slumherous.

sop6rus,
drotvsy.

a,

nm,

slumberous,

splro, are, avl, atum, hreathe, blow ; brenthe torth ; part. splrans, living, quivering, life-like. spissus, a, uni, thick, dense; hard. splendldus, a, uin, brighi, ,aagniflcent.

VOCABULARY,
spolio, are, avl, atuin, piUage,
pl u nde ) ; dep ri ve. spoliuiii, I, n., hooti),
spoil.

75

stipes, Itis, m., trunk, stock.

jdunder,

stlpo, are, avi, atuin, press ; stoiv ; load ; croivd around, attend.

sponda, ae, f., roudt. spondeo, ere, spopondi, sponsuni. jrromise, jiledge. sponsa, ae, f.,one's hetrothed, hride.

stirps, stirpis, m. and

f.,

stock,

sponte,

f.

(a1)l.

sinir.

alone foiind),

o/ one's oicn accord, voluntarilij, in one's own icay.

spnnia, ae, t.,/oam. spiimeus, a, uni, fouining, cocered

ivith foani.

race ; offspring. std, stare, steti, statuiii. stand, stand up ; stand firm, ahide, coutinue ; rest, depend on, be cenfred in ; befixed ; be. stra^es, is, f., slaughter, carnage, havoc. stratum, 1, n. (part. of sterno ,

spunio, are, avl, atuiii, foam, ,troth, be covered with/oam.

couch ; pavement. strepitus, us, m.,

roar, clatter.

noise, din. uji-

spumosus,

a, vLin,/oaming.

stren-6, ere, -ul, -itum,

roar, murintir.

be noi.sg,

squaleo,
neglectcd,

ere, ul, be rough, unkempt, squalid.

strideo,
strldl,

ere,

and strido, ere,

squalor, oris, m., roughness, foulness, squalor.

shrill or harsli roar, flajj, creak, grate, gurgle, twang, Itiss.

make a
tvhistle,

sound

squama, ae, f., scale. squameus, a, uin, scaly.

stabilis, e, enduring, lasting. stabulo, are, have one's abode,
dtrell.

strldor, dris, m., a shrill or harsh sounil : raftlinii, v:histling, roaring, creaking, clank.

string6. ere. strinxl, strictuin,

draiv
trim.
tigltt
;

dratv

yra-e

strip,

stabuium,
covert.

1, n.,

stall,

pen

home,

Stronliades.

sta^no, are. avi, atuin,

nant, be marshy.

he stag-

stasrnum,
lake.

l,

n., still

water, pool,

um, f. plnr., two .?mall islands west of Greeee. stru6, ere, strfixl. structum, jjile up ; build ; frt torfh. arrange, prepare, accompilish, compass.
studium,
l,
;

statio, onis, f., resting place, hatuit ; roadstead, ancltorage.

stat-u6, ere. -uT, -utuiii,
set,]j/ace; establish, build.
jjtit,

n.,

eagerness,
;

zeal,

earnestness

pursuii

apiAause.

stella, ae, f., star. stellatus, a, uiii, starred, glitteriitg.

stupe-faci6, ere, -feci, -factuni, amaze, overwltelm. stupeo, ere, ni, be astonished, beamazed; wonder at, niarvel at.

sterilis, e, barren.

sterno, ere, stravl,

strefch out overthroiv,
;

stratuin,

stuppa, ae, f., toiv. stuppeus, a, um, hempen. Stygius, a, uiii, Stygian, of Styx.
Sty.x,

lay loiv.bring doirn. slay ; lay icante :

m., the charioteer of

Stysis, f

a river of the

smooth.

St7ueuelus,
Jiojiedes.

I,

lower world. sua-deo, ere,

urge, counsel.

-sl, -suiii, idvise,

PTimulo,
route,

.^re,
i,

avl, atnni, urge,

e.vcife.

stimulns,

m., goad, spur.

sub, prep. (1) w. abl., under, beneath. attlte footo/; near ; in, during i {2) \y. aec, iinder, beneath ; upto-, towards ; about, at.

76

VIRtUL, AENEID,

i.-VI.

snb-diioo, ere, -cluxi, -diiotuin,

dmw

up, (iraiv

a.ihore

draro

atvay, remove, withdratv.

sub-urgeo, ere, drive close to. subveoto, are, avl, a.tuin, carry,
ferry over. sub-velio, ere, -vexi, -vectuin,
bear
iip,

8ub-e6, -Ire,

under, come, enter, approach ; foUow, succeed ; comeup oefore one, rise up, occur. sub-i$;6, ere, -egi, -aotuin, .'<horc, pro/jel ; compel, force ; conqiier, subdue.
-ii, -Ituiii, t/o

sup2)ort, hear;

bear.

8ub-volv6, ere, roll up. suc-oedo, ere, -eessi, -oessuni. enter ; go up to, climb to, go under
stoop
to.

subito, adv., suddeiily. subitus, a. uni, part. of subeo,

siidden, unexpected.

suooessus, us, m.,

success.

suo-oinfj6, ere, -clnxl, tuiii, gird aboiit, gird.

-oinc-

subjeetus, a. uin,

part. of

subji-

oio, sitbject, conquered.

suo-ouiiib6, ere, -cubul, -oubituin, yield, give ivay.

sub-jiei6, ere, -Jeoi, -jectuiii, jnit beneufh, jildce under ; throv

tn, ansiver.

suo-ourro,

ere, -currl,
;

-cup

sum,

aid, help,succor

orciir.

sub-labor,

i, -la)r)sus suiii, .tall back, slip aivay,,fail.

sud6, are, avl, atuin,

be drenched, reek.

be soakea,

subliinis, e, uplifted, borne aloft on hit/h. sub-inerjar6, ere, -inersl, -inersuin, sink, droivn, overivheliu. subniissus, a, uiii, part. of subniitto, humble, reverent, on ones
knees.

sudor, oris, m., siveat. sueso6, ere, suevl, suetum, he come accustoiiied ; iii perf., nct. or
pas.s., be accustomed, be wont. suffePO, sufferre, sustull, sub-

latum,

endiire, hold out.

suf-ftcio, ere,
cotor, siiffuse
/ice, be able.
;

-feci,
give,

-feotUm.
;

sub-initto, ere. -inlsl, -inissuin, pjiit under ; make to yield, boiv.

supply

suj'-

sub-nioveo, ere,
tuin, drive
off,

-iiiovl,

-in6-

suf-fund6, ere, -fudi, -fusnni,

overspread, fill. sui, reflexive ^jron., 3rd pers., himself, herselt, itself, themselves hini, her, them. suIo6, are, avl, atnm, plough.

keep aivay.

sub-neoto, ere, -nexui, -nexuin, bind,

tic

or clasp under.

subnixus,
resting on

a. uin. supported hy,

;

defended by.

suboles, is, f., offspring, child. sub-rldeo, ere, -risl, smile. subrlgo, ere (older form of surgo), erect, prick up. 8ub-sld6, ere, -sedi, -sessuin, sink doivn, si/.k ;' i\iiiinn. sub-sisto, ere, -stitl, stoji, halt.

sulous,

I,

m., furroiv
n.,

track.

sulphur, uris,

sulphur.

sum, esse, ful, be, e.vist, belong. sunima, ae, f., chief jwint, substunce.

sunimus,
ot ; tip greatest.
take,

a,

um

(superlative

oi'

superus),

highest, top of,

summit

subtemen, niinis, n., woof. thread.

subter,
prep.,

of ;

chief

supreme,

w.

acc.

aiid

adv.

sumo, ere, sumpsl, sumptuni,

adopt
;

beloiv, beneath.

sub-texo, ere, -texui, -textum,

veil, cover.

take w.

vjj.

/nit

on,

assumr.
inflict

poenas, wreak,
;

super,
with-

adv., above

from

dbov?

sub-traho, ere, -traxl, -trac-

tum, draw from under ;

draw.

further, besides ; prep. w. pcc 01'er, above, upon, beyond ; w, abon, upon ; about, of.

VOCABULARY.
saperbla, ae,
i.,prvle, arrogance, liaughtiness,insolence. ,

V7
arouse, excite, injiame.

snscito, are, avi, atuni, stir up,

kindle
;

superbus,
gunt,

a, nin, insolenf, arrohauglity, proud ; exultant

in,proud o/ ; tyrannous ; magnijicent, splendid, stately.

super-emineo, ere,
tower abjie.

rise

above

nm, part. of suspleio, suspected. mistru-^ited. snspectns, us, m., upicard vieiv. sns-pend6, ere, -pendi, -pen= snni, hang up ; hang.
suspectns, a,
sus2>ense, perplexed, aicestruck.

a, nni, part. of snssuperim-pono, ere, -positum, snspensus, pendo, hanging, hung in air ; in

lay upon.

snperne, adv., above. snpero, are, avi, atnni, mount,

climb, ascend, surmount ; pass ; tvin, gain ; toicer above ; surpass, excel, pass ; overcome ;

beyond

ere, -spexi, -specat ; gaze at. snsplro, are, avi, atum, sigh.

sn-spieio,

tnm, look up

sutllis, e, sewed.

overwhelm

remxiin, survive.

suus, a,

super-sum,
superus,
a,

-esse, -fui, be

left,

um, his, hers. its, theirs one's oicn, one's proper.

i,

remain, survive.

Sychaens,
Dido.

m., the husband of

nm

(comparative,

snperior, superlative, supromus or snnimns), tipper. hujher. above ; m. pliir. as subst., snperi,

Syrtis,

is,

plur.,

shoal, f., the Syrtes.

quicksand

bays ou
Africa,

two shallow the northem coast of

ornm, the ijods above, heaven : also to those in the lower world. Tnen on earth.
npinns,
turned.
a,

nm,

on the back ; npJill

tabeo, ere, melt aicay

tabes,
is,
f.,

drip.

snppl-eo. ere, evi, -etnm,

up, complete.

icasting, pining, decay.

snpplex,

icis, suppliant,

humble

as subst., a suppliant.

tabidus, a, nni, wasting. tabula, ae, i.,plank, board. tabulatuni, 1, n.,floor, story.

snppllciter, adv., as a supjtliant. supplicium, 1, n., punishment,

retribution,

tabum,
still.

I,

i\.,foul matter, gore.

silent, he

taceo, ere, ul, itnm, be

8up-p6n6, ere, -posui, posi- tacitus,

tum,

place beneatn, ajjply.

.

snpra, prep. v snprenius, a,

a, um, part. of taceo, silent, quiet, in sUence ; secret, hidden, unseen.

acc., over, above.

'superlative of layt.jtnal ; ii. as abv., supremuui./or the last time.

um

tactus, us, m., touch.

superus), highest
sura, ae,
a nkle.

taeda, ae. f., pine-icood ; torch, brand ; bridal torch. taedet, ere, taednit or taesuni
est, impers.,
it

f.,

calf;

loosely,

disgusts, uearies;

leg,

one

is

weary.

surg6, ere, snrrexi, surrectuni, raise, lift up, prick up ; rai.se

one's selj up. anse, rise.

taenla, ae, f., ribbon, flllet. taeter, tra, trum,/oK^ loathsome. talaria, inm, n. plur., sandals,
shoes.

8US, snis, m.
sicine.

and

f.,

soic,

boa'^.

talentum,
wfi.eht.
;

I,

n.,

talent,

a Greek

sns-cipio, ere, -cepl, -ceptum,

take

catch ; beget, bear take, begin ; reply.

iip.

under-

talis, e, stich, oj such a kind, such

as

this, like this.

78
taiu,
atlv.,
.10.

VlRdlL, AKNEII),

I.-VI.
1,

templum,

n., tciiijilc. nhruia.

taiiion, conj., yet, Ktill. taiideiii, adv., at length, at lnst pray, I pray.

teinpto, see tentu.

tcnipus, oris,

n.,

time,

period

tan^u, cre,
reacli
(1(1
;

tetiffi, tactum, t.ouch, iiiolc, a^Dect ; meet, liave to

time ; circumoccasion, .riyht stances, state o/ affairs ; temjde.

witli.

tcna.x, acis, persistent, obstinate.

teiido, ere, tetcndl, tentuiii and tensuin, stretch, extend ; direct, aim ; strain ; w. ^ressum, itcr, etc, or intrans., tnrn or bend one's .tteps, take one's ivay, go, proceed ;
try, strive.

tantus, a, uin,
tiucli
;

.ndv.,

great, $o murli, t:intuiii, so. .so iiuicli,

.so

(),/;; oiilj/, iiierily.

huf.

tardans, antis,
sliiygisli, dull,

part. of

tardo,

torpid.

tardd, are, avl, atuin, delay,

liinder, liaviper.

tenebrae, arnm,
ness,

f.

plur.,

dark-

yloom.
uiii,

tardus, a, uni,
sl uyyisli

sloic,

limjeriny,

tenebrosus, a,
yloomy.
i, f.,

dark, dim-

Tarentum, I, n., a town in southern Tencdos,

Italy.

Tarquinius,
Tarquinian.

l,

oftwo kings of Rome

m., Tarqtdn, name ; also as adj.,

an island near Troy. tcnco, ere, tcnui. tcntum. have,

hold
; possess, inhid>it ; rule, control ; hold possession ; keep, keep fast, detain ; bind, hold /ast, restrain ; cliny to.

Tartareus,
infernal.

a,

um,

o/ Tartarus,

Tartarus,
oruin,
the
lo?t.
II.,

i,

m.; plur., Tartara, Tartarus, the abode of

tencr, era, erum, tender,

dclicate.

so/t,

tento, are, avl, atuiii

to), try, test,
;

(or

taurlnus, tanrus, I,
teotuni,
iny,

a,

um, oj a bull,
ox.

a buWs.

make

trial

teinpof ; at-

tempt

e.vainine,
i, n.,

explore ; seek.
tent.
;

ni., bull,

tentorium,
tenuis,

I, n.,

roof ;

hotise, divell-

home.

Teseaeus,

a, um, o.f Tegaea, a town in Arcadia, Teyean.

n.,

e, thin, Jine, slender cate. airy, liyht ; /eeble, sliyht.

abl.,

deli-

poor,
as,

iegmen (teKumeu), minis,

covering, clvtliing, cloak
shelter ; prolect.
;

tenus, prep. w.
to.

as

far

up

skin.

tepidus, a,

um, warm.

tego, ere, texi, tectum, cover,

shut
see

up, hide, conceal

ter, adv., thrice, three times.

terebro, are, avl, atuni, bore

teguinen,

tegmen.

into, pigrce.

teia, ae, f., warp, teilus, iiris, t., earth, tand, country,

tercs, etls,
jwlislied.

smooth,

rounded,
three/old,

ground.
1, n.,

tergemlnus,
triple.

a,

um,

telum,

missile, dart, weajion

hit. blitu:

teiiiero, are, avi,

dc-^ccrote.

atum,

pollute,

tenmo, ere, scorn, di.sdain, slight. tempero, are, avl, atuni, calm ;
appease; re/rain.

terg^um, i, n.. back ; hide, skin a tergo, beliind. tergus, oris, ii., back ; skin, hide. termino, are, avl, atum, bound,
liiiiit.

terminus,
rarely in

i,

m., end, limit.

tempestas, tptis.

f.,

time, season ;

ternl, ae, a,

weather ; tri,tempest.

th ree each ; three ; alao sing., triple.

VOCABULARY.
tero, ere.
ijraze;

79
l,

trivi,

trituin,
ivaste.

n/h
'

Tliessandrus,
rior.

m., a

Greek warand

icmr away,

terra, ae, f., earth, land, ground, country ; orbis terrarmn, the the whole world ; personitied, Earth. terrenus, a, um, earihy, of earth. terreo, ere, ui, itniii, terrify, 1 riijhten ; frighten auay.
terribilis, e, terrihle, dreadful.
terriflco, are, terrify, apx>al.

Thetis, idls,

a sea-njTnph, niother of Achilles.

f.,

Thoas, antis, m., a Greek warrior. Thracius, a, um, Thracian, of

Thrace.

Thrax,

acis, m., a Thracian.

Threicius, a,
Thrace.

um,
f.

Ttiracian, of

Threissa, ae,

adj.,

Thracian.

terrificus, a,

uni, atcful, awe-

Thybris,
Tiher.

is,

m. (=Tiberis;, (he
adis, f., a Bacworshipper of

inspirimj, hoding.

territo, are, alarm, affright. tertius, a, uin, third. testis, is, m. and f., witness. testor, ari, atus ruiii, hear
ness, testify to
;

Thyias (Thyas\
cliante,

a female
i,

Baechus.
icit-

Thynibraeus,
of

swear by ; testudo, inis,

call to tcitness, entreat, cleclare.

f.,

Tliymbra,

a tortoise-sJiell vault, vnulted roof ; testudo or made shields overlapping. Thymoetes, ae, m., aTrojan. roof of
crl, m.. father-in-law of
:

where Apollo had a temple subst., god of Thymbra, ApoUo.

n.,

m., Thymbraean, city near Troy as

;

i.e.,

Teucer,

thymum, I,

thyme.
the
f.,

Dardanus the son of Telamon, and

half-brother of Ajax.

Tiberinus, a, um, of
m. as subst., the Tiher.
tijyris, is (idis;, tiyress.

Tiher
tiger,

Teucri, orum, m.
ja ns.

plur., the

Teucri

m. and

or descendants of Teucer, the Tro-

Timavus,
f.,

1,

Tencria, ae,
Troy.

the

Teucrian land,

tiijwing into the be

m., a river of Italy, upper Adriatie.

Teucrus, Teucer.

i,

m., another form of

texo, ere, texui, textum. v-eave, interwea ve ; join, frame, build. textilis, e, rcoven, of the loom.

thalamns,
chamber
;

1, m., chamber, hridalmarriaye, wedlock ; cell. Tlialia, ae, f., a sea-nj^ph.

he afraid of, alarmed, be aninous. timidus, a, xim,fearful, timid. timor, ori.s, m.^fear, dread. tingo, ere, tiYixi, tinctum, dip, bathe, plunge. Tisiphone, es, f., one of the

timeo, ere, a%fear.

Furies.

Titan, anls, m., a Titan, one of a

race of giants al.so the Sun, as a son of one of the Titans. Titanius, a, um, Titanian, of the Titans ; ofthe Sun-god. Tithonus, i, m., husband of Aurora, the goddess of the dawn. titubo, are, avi, atum, totter, stumhle. Tityos, 1, m.. a giant wlio offered ^iolence to Latona.
;

Thiapsns,

i, f.,

a city in Sicily.
theatre.
f.,

tlieatruiii.

i, n.,

Tliebae, arnm,

Thebes, a city

of B'jeotia, in Greece. Thersilochus, i, m., an allv of the

Tr.ijans.

thesaurns, i, m., treasure, hoard. Thesens, ei and eos. m., a mythical king of Athens, who %-i"sited the lower world aud retumed iu safety

Tmarins,

a, um. of Tmaros, a mountain lu Epirus, Tm/irian.

80
(joirncil.

VIKCIl-.

AENETI),

I.-VI.
<iiiiel.

topratns. a, niii, u-eurina the toga,

tranquillus, a. uin.
n.
a.s

colm

.subst, tran<iiiilluiii,

I, n.,

tolerabilis, e, endu rahle, bearable. tollo. ero. sustnlt, sul)latuin, lift, ruiae ; take airai/, bear away.

calm weather.

trans,

prcp. w. acc, through, over, beyond.

across,

tran-scrlbo (trans-scrlbo), ere,

-scrlpsl, -scrijrtuni, ero< uiww, transfer.

tondeo, ere, totoinli, tonsum,

iihear, cut close,

trim

graze, feed

on.

trans-curro, ere, -currl (-eucurri), -cursuiii,

across.
ritn,

tonitnis, us. m., thunder. tono, are, tonul, tonituiii, ihunder, roar ; call loudly upon.

shoot,dart
-itniii,

trans-eo, -Ire, -ivl

cross
;

(-il),

Torquatus,
Toniiiatus, warrior.

1,

m., T. famou.s

ManUus
Roinaii

pass,j>ass by.

trans-fero, -ferre, -tulj, -latuiii, trunsfer. carry. trans-fig:o, ere, -flxi, -flxum,

torqueo,

torsi. tortuiii, turn, turn about, siving aroiind, whirl, tirist ; toss np ; hurl, fling ;

ere,

pierce, transtix-.

sicay, rule.

trans-niitto, ere, -mlsl, -mlssuiii, send across ; hand over ; in

pass., cross.

torrens, entis, m., torrent. torreo, ere, ui, tostuiii, parch,

roast
coil.
;

transporto,

boil, rage.

are, avl, carry across, bear over.

l,

atuiii,

tortus, us, m., twisting,

irrithing,

transtrum,
(for rowers).

n.,

thwart, bench,
part.
;

torus,

1,

torvns, a,

m., cushion, couch. uiii, grim, savage.

,

transversus, a, uni, transverto, athwart

one's course.

of across

tot, indecl. so many, these many. treine-facio, ere, -feci, -factuin, cause to tremble. totidein. ideQ\.,Just-as manyitlie same number. treiiicfaotns, a, uiii, j)art. of trfiiiefjioio. shaking, tremhUng, as o/ten. totiens, adv., so often, (juiikiiiij. <li iiddering. totus, a, uin, aU, fhe irhole. trcmendus, a, nm, part. of trabs ftrabes), trabis, f., beam. treino, dreadfid, awful. timber ; ship. treinesco, ere, tremble; tremble tractabilis, e, manageable ; yieldat, shudder at. ing ; non tractabilis, inclement. trem-o, ere, -ul, tremble, quiver, shake ; tremble at. tractus, us, m., region, quarter. tra-do, ere. -didt, -ditum, give tremor, oris, m., trembUng, shudover, surrender, yield. tralio, ere, traxl, tractuin, draic ; drag; drag doicn ; lead along ; drag out, araw out, prolong.
der.

trepldo, are, avl, atuin, be alarm, tremhle, fliitter ; hurry and fro, be aU excitement.

in to

trepidus,
alarmed,

tra-jicio, ere, -jecl, -jectum, throw across ; pass over, cross ;

pierce.

a, uni, trembUn^, agitated, anxious, tn

tram-es,
course.

-itis, m., by-path, path,

confusion. tres, tria, three. tricorpor, oris,

t

three-bodied,

riple.

trano, are,

avi, atum, sirim across : cross, sail through, fly through.

three-pronged, entis, tridens, triple-pointed ; m. as subst., trident.

VOCABULARY.
trietericns. a, uni. hiennial, re* curring ecery second year.

81
is, {.,poIe.
i>usft,

trudis,

trudo, ere, trusl, trusum,

shove, thrust.

tri-faux, -fancis, triple-throated. trlgiuta, indecl. thirty.

tri-lLx, -licis, triple-icoveti, threeply, threefold. Trinacria, ae, f., (the three-oor-

truneus, trnncus,
of
its

i,

m., trunk.

a,

nm,
;

branches

lopped, stripped mutilated, disjig-

ured.

nered landi, Sicily,

tn, pron., fhou, you.

Trinacrius, a, nni, SicUian, of tuba, ae, f., trumpet. Sicily. tueor, eri, itus ftiitns) snm, Triones, nni, m. plur., plotighlonk at, gaze at ; guard, protect, oxen ; the two constellations of defend. the Bear. Tullus, I, m., Tullus Hostilius, the triplex, icis, three/old, triple. third king of Rome.
tri-pu8, -podis, m., tripod
;

the

seat of the priestess who arave oracles at Delphi, hence, oracles.

tristi.s, e, sad, sorrotv.ful,

tum,

adv., then, at that time

noic,

thereupon.

tumeo,

ere,

sicell,

be sicoUen.

gloomy,

tcretched,

dark

tninidus, a,

um,

swollen, huge

deadly, dreadful.
triple-cloven,

sicelling, rising.

trisulcns, a.

am,

tnmultns, us,

m.. tumult. uproar,

threeforked. noise, clamor ; upjrising, icar. Triton, onis, m., a sea-^od, son of tumulus, i, m., mound, hillock; Neptune plur., sea-gods. tomb. Tritonia, ae, f., the Tritonian. tunc, adv., then, at that time. Minerva, a name of uneertain tundo, ere, tutndi, tunsnm or
;

origiia.

tusum,
f.,

beat,
f.,

strike, buffet

as-

Trltonis, idis,
ilinerva.

tJie

Tritonian,

sail, drive.

are, avi, atnm, triumph over, conqtter. trinmplins, 1, m., triumph, vic-

trinmpho,
tory.

tnrba, ae,

confusion

throng,

croicd, herd.

Trivia, ae,

f., 'the godde-ss of the three wayst Hecate 6r Diana, who

turbidus, a, um, icild. confused, stormy ; troubled, agitated. turbo, are, avi, atum, disturb,
agitate, trouble,

was worshipped at cross-roads. panic. trivium, I, n., (where three ways turbo, inis, m., whirhcind.
meeti, cross-roads, cross-way.

in confusion drive confuse; alarm, spiread

tiirens, a, nm, of frankincense. Troas, adls, {., Trojan woman. turicremus, a, um, incense-burnTroilns, I, m., a son of Priam. ing, smoking with incense. Troja. ae, f Troy, the iiame of a turma, ae, f, troop, squadron. city and of a ganie.
,

Trojanns,
Troy.

a,

um,

Trojan,
f.,

of

turpis, e, foul, Jilthy ; base, disgraceful.

Troj n^ena, ae, m. and

born, a Trojan.

Trojan-

turris,

is,

f.,

a, um, Trojan, of Troy. Tros, ois, m., an ancient king of Phrygia:hence, Trojan; a Trojan.

turritns, a,
tiis, turis, cense.

Troius,

um,
n.,

ed with towers

tower, turret. turreted, crown; towering.

incense,
n.,

frankin-

trueldo, are, avi. atum, slaughter, butcher, cut dowiu

tiitamen, minis,
tection,

defence,pro-

safeguard.

82
de/eixl, aiippdrt.

VIRGIL, AENEID,
2.}rotect,

I.-VI.

tutor, ari. atus suiii,

tutus, u,
secitre,

place

uiii. pnrt. of tueor, na/e, slieltered ; u. as subst., a of sa/ety, shelter.

ultor. ori.s, m., avenger. ultra, adv., further, beyond-, sides ; prep. w. acc, beyond.
ulti'i.\, lcis,

be-

arenging.
side. be-

tnns,

a, yours.

um,

thy,

yur,
in., a

thine,

ultro, adv., on the other

yond
this
;

besides,

too,

more than
it.

o/
;

oiie's

oivn accord, volunshriek,

Tydeus,

ei aiul cos,

faiiKms

tariiy

without designing

Greek warrior, father of Dioiiicdi'. Tyclliles, ae, m., soii of Tyilcus,

Vioinede.

ululatus, U8, m., crying,

iriiiliny.

atuni, cry, shriek, uud.howl ; resound, echo idis. f., tlie daiKjhter o/ part. uliilatus, invoked with Tyndurus, Uelen. cries, cried on. Tyj)l6eu8, a, uin, o_t Tyjihofnn, iilva, ae, f., sedge. fiaiit slain by the tliuiiderbolts of

uliilo,

are,

avl,

Tyndaris,

,i

ove, 7"yphoean.

tyrannus, l, ni., king ; tyrant. Tyrius, a, nni, Tyrian. of Tijre

m. as subst., Tyrii, plur., the Tyrians.

unibra, ae, f., ghust, phantom.

iiinbo, ouis, m., boss (of a sliield.) shade, shadow

oruni,

in.

a, uni, Tyrrheninn, Etruscan, Tuscan. Tyrus (Tyros), l, f., Tyre, a city of Phoenicia.

Tyrrhenus,

uinbrifer, era, erum, shady, shadowy. uinbro, are, avl, atuin, oversliadow, make dim. uniecto, are, avi, atuin,
ivet,

bedew, bathe.

uinens, entis,

part. damp), 7noist, deivy.

I,

of

umeo,
dewy,

U.
uber, eris, n., teat, udder ; bosom ; richness,/ertiiity.
viber, eris, i-ich,/ertile.
bredst,

uinerus,

m., shoulder.

umidns,
time, ecer.

a,

nm, damp,

moist, icatery, o/ vapor.

uinquain (nnqnam),
una,

adv., at

any

ubi, rel. adv., vjhere, tchen, as soon as ; iiiterrog., wlieref

adv., togethsr, along witli, at the same time, at once.

nbique,
ivhere.

adv.,

anyivhere

ecery-

unanimus,

a,

nm, of

the

same

mind, sympathizing.

Ucalegon, ontis, m., a Trojan. uncus, a, uiii, hooked, crooked^ curced. udus, a, uin, ivet, damp, moist, dank. nnda, ae, f., ivave, billow, sea. uleiscor, I, nltus siun, avenge unde, adv., whence, /rom whom, one's sett on ; avenye. /rom which. Ulixes, is (ei or i, m., liiiifr of undiqne, adv., on all sides, /rom
Itliaca, one of the leading Greelvs before Troy. ullns, a, um, any ; anyone.
all sides.

nndo,
icliirl,

are, avl, atuin, wave; boil, bubble.

;

eddy,

ulmus,

1, f.,

elm, elm-tree.

nndosus,
sturiiiy

ulterior,
nltimns,

lus,

comparative,

\\\n, ivave-beaten.

a,

boisterous,

/arther, /urther.

un^uis,

is,

m., nail

talon, claw.
; oil,

nm, superlative, a, furthest, remotest.bxtreme ; latest, last ; uttermost, utmost.

unguo

(nngo), ere, nnxi, unopitch.

tuiii, smear, anoint

uuquam,

see

umquam.

VOCABULARY.
vinna, a, xua, one ; thesame; alone,
only.
*
f.,

8c5

valeo, cre, nl, itnm, be strong, be powerful ; be able, have power,

avail
;

urbs,

is,

city.

nrj^eo, ere, ursi, press, drive, force; press hard, overwhelm, weigh doicn. urua, ae, f.,jar, urn. uro, ere, ussi, ustnni, hurn
fret, rex, atinoy ; iii pass., bitrn, be inflamed with passion.

validns,

a, uin, vigorous, sturihj.

imperative, \ale,farewell. stout, strong,

valles (vallis,, is, f., valley, vale. vanns, a, uni, empty ; idle, vain;
groundless, false.

vapor, oris, m., steam, vapor

hc'-it,Jire.

nrsa, ae,

f.,

she-bear, bear.

usqnani, adv., anyivhere. usqne, adv., constantly, continually

;

varins, a, uni, different, various, changing, manifold ; flckle ; manycolored.

all the

way,
use.

quite.

vasto, are, avi,

atnm,

lay waste,
vast,
seer,

devastate, ravage.
jitst

usns, us, m.,

ut or uti, adv., how, as ; when ; coiij., w. subj.,

order that, so that
fearing, that not.
;

as

that,

in

w. verbs of

vates.

vastns, a, nm, desolate ; huge, enormous ; rnighty. is, m. and f., j>rophet,

utcnmque,
ever.

adv.,

however, when-

uterque, utraque, ntrnmqne,

each, both
;

either.

nterns,

i,

m.,

womb ;

belly.

ntinam,

utor, 1, of; enjoy.

O that ; would that. velamen, minis, n., veil, robe. usus snm, use, make use Vellnus, a, um, of Velia, a town
conj.,

soothsayer ; ha rd, poet. -ve, enclitic coiij.. or. vecto, are, avl, atnm, carry, concty. veho, ere, vexi, vectum, hear, carry, convey ; in p.iss. ride, sail. vel, coiij.,oc; vel vel,either or.

of Lueaiiia, Velian.

utroqne, adv., in both directions, velivolns, a, uni, sail-unnged, from side to side. studded ivith sails. axorins, a, nm, devoted to one's vello, ere, vnlsl, xvL\svin\, pluck,
ivife,Jond, doting.
pall, tear, ivrench
;

puU

itp.

V.
vacca, ae, f., cow. vaco, are, avl, atnm,
be empty, be free; impers., there is time 6r leisure.

vellns, eris, n., fleece ; fillet or band of wool. velo, are. avi, atum, cover, veil, crinvn, deck, adorn ; part., velatns, sail-clad.

velox, ocis,

sii:ift,fleet,

rapid.

velnm,
vas.

I,

n.,

sail

covering, can-

vacnns. a, um, empty, vacant,

deserted
;

idle.

velut, veluti,
as
bottlie

adv., just as, as,

vado, ere,

go,

march, advance.
shallow, shoal the depths
;

if.
f.,

vadnm,
waves.

l, n.,

vena, ae,

vein.
I,

tom of the

sea,
f..

venabulnm,

n.,

hunting-spear.

Taglna, ae,

scabbard, sheath.
icailing, crying.

vagltns, us, m.,

venatrLx. lcis, f., hunfress. ven-do, ere, -didi, -ditum, sell. venenum. I. n., poison, venom:
magical charm. venerabilis, e, revered.

vagor, arl, atns sum,

roam, wander, rove; spread abroad.

84

VmOlL, AKXEID,

I.-VI.
1,

vcnerr>. iiro, avl, atniii, al.o .as i\r\> m.. voiiefor, ;iri, atus siiin,
irorsliij). iiiliirr
;

vestlbuluin,
hulr, porcli.

n.,

entrance, veati-

Jirill/ to

hesnrrli.

vcnia. {w,
(jrace, booii.

f.,

Javor, indulgetice,
come.. liunt,

veiritisinni, i, n., .foot-jyrim, step foot ; trace, sit/n, token.

venlo, ire, v^^iil, ventnin, venor, ari, atus suui,

clinxe.

vestlfTo, are, avl, atiiiii, trace; search for, seek oitt. vestio, ire, ivi (il), Ituiii, rlothe,
cover.

venter,

tris,

in..

hdlti

liunger.

vcstis,

is,

f.,

clothi7tg,

attire,

\entosiis. a. uiii, icindy, stonni/. ventiis, i, 111., icind. Veiuis, eris, f., Venu,<>, Ihe fxoddr^^ of lovu aiul beaut.v
;

raimetit,

garmeiit,

robe,

dress

liuiigings, coverini/s.

vet-6, are, -ul,

proliihit.

-ituiii, .forbid,

loce.
iii

verber, eris,
lasli, icJiip.

ii.

(chietiy

plur.

vetus, eris, old. ancient,former. vetustas, tatis, f., age ; laj)se of

tiiiii'.

verbero, are, avl, atuiu,

beat, strike.

lnsli.

vetustu.*, a, uiii, old, ancient.

verbuin,

i, ii.,

imrd.
./car,

vere, adv., frnti/. vereor, eri, itus suni,

atrnid.
verc"), adv., in trutli, triili/
biit.

he

vexo, jYre, avl, atum, agitate; annoy, distre.^is, harass. via, ae, f., tvay, road, path, street journey, passage ; means, manner,
course.

indeed,

viator, oris, m., wayfarer, traveller.

verro,
sice^ip,

ere,

verrl,
avi,

verstiin,
titm.

stceep over.

vibr">, iire, ijuiver.

avi, atutii, hrandish

verso,
titrn

are,
over
; ;

atuin,

ubout
volve

; drive abont, hii[l'rt tliink over, meditate. repractice, try to carri/ oiit.

vlcinus, a, uiii, near, neighhoring, itt liniid, hard hy.

vieis,

gen.
;

versus, us, ni., U?ie, rotv. vertex, icis, m., tvliirlpool, eddy
crotcn,
liead
;

(hiinge. interchange

fortune
;

(nom. not found), f., ; chance, lot, post, jdace, duty.

crest,
-ti,

top, j>eaA:,
tttrn drive,

vicissiin, adv., in turn.

summit. ver-to, ere,

-suin,

victor, oris, m., victor, conqueror asatlj., victorioits, triumphant.

tiirii ubout, reverse, cliange ; ply, direct ; titrn up, toss tip overtitnt, overthroiv ; in pas.s. or \v. refiexive, turn one's course, </o, proceetl, tend ; revolve, roll rotind. veru, us, n., sjnt.

vietoria, ae,
conijitest.

f..

rictory, triumph,
victorious,

Aictrix,
j>haitt.

lcis,

trium-

victus,
ceive,

iis, m.,,food,

sustenance.
see ; perpass., be seen,

veruni, adv., tritly ; but. yet. verus, a, uiii, triie, renl :

.ul>.<t..

video, ere, vldl, vlsuiii,

observe
; ;

iii

n.

a.s

seem

impersonal,

seem

best,

veruiii,

1,

11.

(usualh'

jdease.
vijsreo, ere, tlirive, gain strength be poiver.ful, have infiuence.

plur.), tlie trutli.

vescor, I, feed on. \ esper, eris and eri,

iiii/

iu., tlie

even-

\\^\\, i\is, vMtchfttl, sleepless

as subst.,
vijyilo,

m.

sta r

tlte icest.
f.,

Vesta, ae,

the g^oddess of tlie hearth aiid household. vester, tra, truiii, your, yours.

watchman. are, avl, atutn,

atjoakei

he tvatch/itl.

vlgintl, ticenty.

VOCABULARV.

86
iis,

vigor,
Tiilns, nap.

orlg. m., strength, energy.

1,

vigor,

force,
'

visns,

m., view, sight, vision.

life,

m., shaggy
n.,

hair

vlta, ae,
;

f.,

existenre

shade,

pile,
ttvig,

soul, spirit.

vlnien,
shoot.

niinis,
Ire,

pliant

vincio,
bind,
qiier,

vinxi,

vinctuni,
co7i-

vitaiis, e, oflife, vital. vito, are, avl, atuni, avoid, shun. vitta, ae, i.,Jillet, band, chaplet.

tie.

vinco, ere, vicl, victuni,

^atulus, 1, m., bullock, steer. vlvidus, a, um, spirited, eager,

keen.

overcome, Aefeat, subdite surpass, excel ; win, be successfid.

(yincluni), i, n. hond, fetter, band; thong ; tie, bond (of wedlock). vindico, are, avl, atnni, deliver,
,

vineulum

vivo, ere, vlxl, vlctuin, alive, pass one's life; live

main.

live, be

on, re;

vlvus, a,
like
;

um,

alive, living

life-

rescue.

vix,
I,

adv.,

natural. hardly, scarcely,

with

vlnuni,

n. , tviTie,

difficulty.

violabilis, e, violable. violentus, a. uni, violent, boisterous, blustering.

violo, are. avl, atuni, violate, injure, ijro/ane.

vipereus, a,
snaky. vir, 1, m.,

um,

of a

viper,

vociferor, arl, atns sum, shoui, cry, cry aloud, shriek. voco, are, avl, atum, call, sia:.. nion ; call upon, invoke ; name. volans, antls, part. of volo, as subst., m. and i.,a winged creature.
volatilis, e,flying. volens, entis, part. of volo, willing, ready. volito, are, avi, atum, fly, flit orflutter about. volo, velle, volul, icish, be willing ; ordain, will ; intend, inean.

man ; husband ;

hero.

vlrectuni, i, n., green place, turf. vlreo, ere, be green, bloom. virga, ae, f., branch, bough ; wand,
rod.

virgineus, a,

um, of

a maiden,

maiden, maidenly.

volo, are, avl,

speed, dart.

atum, fly ;

rush

virgd, inis, f., maiden, virgin. virgultuin, i, n., thicket, copse. viridans, antis, green.
viridls, e, green
; fresh, blooming, vigorous. virilis, e, manly, heroic. vlrtus, tutis, t., manliness, courage, valor ; excellence, virtue heroic or valiant deed.

%'olucer, cris, cTe, flying, ivinged, swift ; fleeting ; f. as subst., volucris, is,
roll.
f.,

bird.
n.,
coil,

volumen, minis,
voluntas, tatis,
good
will, consent.
f.,

fold,

f.,

wish, desire,

voluptas, tatis,
delight.

pleasure, joy,
roll

vls

(vls), f., strength, power, might force, violence ; number.

i, n.,

voluto, are, avl, atum, roU,

back
; ;

make
revolve

resound,
;

re-echo;

viscum,
the

mistletoe.

grovel

ponder.

viscus, eris,

n. (generally in plur.), vital parts, entrails ; Jlesh metaphorically, boivels, vitals.

volvo,

ere,

volvl,

volutum,

viso, ere, vlsl, visit ; examine.

visum, go

to see,

visum,

I, n.,

sight, vision.

roll ; roll on, sweep along, whirl roll up, roll over, send rolling, send luliirling ; unroll; roll round; revolve, fonder; in pass. w. ?e fle.\ive torce, roll, roll round wheel, glide ; roll down,faU.

86
vom-6, ekc
-ul,

VIRGIL. AENEID.
-ituiii-

I.

-VI.

pour

Jarth, send forth.

vulnuH, oris, n., wottnd. blowvultur, uris, m., vulture.

vultus,
iis, m., countenance, aspect, expression ; eyes.

voraffo, inis, f., ahyss, gidf, vhasm, tchirlpool. voro, jire, avl, atuni, swallow
up, engulj.

fac^

votuni,

i, n.,

vow, prayer

votive

otlering.

X.
;

voveo, ere, vovi, votum, vow. Xauthus, 1, m., a river near Troy; v6x, v6ci.s, f., voice, cry, sound ; a river in a river in Epirus
word, speech.
Lycia.
m., the god of
lire
;

Vuleanus,
henin;. Jtre.

i,

vulgo, are, avl, atuin, spread abroad, make knotvn, publish. vulg^, adv., commonly ; everyv;here.

Z.

Zacynthos,
lonian sea.

1,

an island in
the toest

tiie

vulj^us,

1, m. and n., the common wovle ; crowd,herd; mob.

Zephyrus,
wind.

i,

m.,

wind;

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