Anti Enfectives Flash Cards

10/13/12
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gentamycin
(Garamycin)
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aminoglycoside
Indications: Treatment of severe systemic infectionsof respiratory, urinary, GI, GU, CNS, bone, soft tissue, skin Side Effects: Ototoxicity (CN VIII); nephrotoxicity; allergic reaction=fever, rash, dyspnea ; use during pregnancy can result in congenital deafness
Nursing Considerations: IV (over 30-60 minutes) or deep IM; monitor peak & trough blood levels; balance or hearing problems: observe for & report; encourage high fluid intake
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doxycycline
or
minocycline
(Vibramycin, Minocin)
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tetracyclines
Indications: Treatment of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillis, acne, periodontitis, malaria prevention Side Effects: GI upset--diarrhea; photosensitivity; renal, hematologic, or hepatic disorders; tooth discoloration
Nursing Considerations: If GI symptoms, give with food (no milk products-Ca++ inhibits absorption); check patient's tongue for monilial infection (thrush); avoid through 4 months prior to birth to age 8)
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sulfasoxazole
(Gantrisin)
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sulfonamides
Indications: Treatment of urinary tract, systemic infections, trachoma, chancroid, toxoplasmosis, otitis media, meningitis, ophthalmic infections. Side Effects: Headache, photosensitivity, rash, Nausea--vomiting--diarrhea; urinary crytallization (crystaluria)
Nursing Considerations: Force fluids, monitor I&O, check allergy history for sulfa drugs;
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trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
(Bactrim ; Septra)
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sulfonamides
Indications: Treatment of urinary tract, otitis media, acute & chronic prostatitis, shigellosis, pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, chancroid, "traveller's diarrhea." Side Effects: Photosensitivity; hypersensitivity reaction; blood dyscrasias; skin rash
Nursing Considerations: stop @ first sign of skin rash; force fluids (8-10 glasses / day); PO or IV administration; IV solution administer slowly (60-90 minutes); check IV fluid compatabilities.
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amphotericin B
(Fungizone)
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antifungal
Indications: Treatment of skin infections; histoplasmosis; meningitis in immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV). Side Effects: CN VIII toxicity (hearing & balance); GI upset; blood dyscrasias; kidney, heart, & liver abnormalities; CNS disturbances.
Nursing Considerations: Monitor CNS, monitor for fever; monitor VS; monitor for hypokalemia; SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS: MONITOR CLOSELY!
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fluconazole
(Diflucan)
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antifungal
Indications: Treatment of vaginal, esophageal, and/or systemic candidiasis Side Effects: Nausea, abdominal pain; headache; diarrhea; metalic taste
Nursing Considerations: Interferes with oral anti-diabetic medications; potentiates warfarin (Coumadin); Oral or IV administration
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erythromycin
(Erythrocin)
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macrolides
Indications: Treatment of chlamydia, syphillis, other infections. Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; abdominal cramping
Nursing Considerations: Administered PO or IV; can be used in patients with compromised renal function; monitor for signs of superinfection (e.g., candidaiasis, thrush); give 1/2 hour before, or two hours after meals
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clarithromycin
(Biaxin)
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macrolides
Indications: Respiratory Infections; PO; medication treatment 7-14 days. Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abnormal taste
Nursing Considerations: Take medication with food; May potentiate effects of theophylline, carbamazepine
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azithromycin
(Zithromax)
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macrolides
Indications: PO or IV Treatment of mild to moderate infections of skin, respiratory tract, nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, community-acquired pneumonia; acute pharyngitis; acute tonsillitis Side-Effects: Nausea / Vomiting / Diarrhea
Nursing Considerations: PO= do not take with antacids; may take with or without food; monitor for signs of super infection, e.g., diarrhea, oral ulcers or candidiasis; vaginal itching; perineal itching
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hydroxychloroquine
(Plaquenil)
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anti-malarial
Indications: Management of malaria; systemic lupus erythromatosus; rheumatoid arthritis Side-Effects: visual / eye disturbances; anorexia; nausea,vomiting
Nursing Considerations: administer at same time daily to maintain blood levels; for malaria prophylaxis, start 2 weeks prior to exposure & continue for 4-6 weeks post-exposure.
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quinine sulfate
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antimalarial
Indications: Treatment of malaria; treatment of nocturnal leg cramps Side Effects: Visual / eye disturbances; nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Nursing Considerations: take at same time each day; avoid OTC cold medication; avoid tonic water
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isoniazid
(INH)
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antitubercular
Indications: prevention and treatment of tuberculosis; administer PO or IM; treatment generally lasts 6 month to 1 year (NINE MONTHS) Side Effects: Liver Damage; Peripheral Neuropathy
Nursing Considerations: Notify physician:Liver damage=yellow skin and/or sclera (jaundice)-- dark urine, nausea, vomiting, anorexia; fatigue; weakness; Monitor LFT's; Observe for signs of peripheral neuropathy= numbness, tingling, weakness.
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metronidazole
(Flagyl)
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antiprotozoal
Indications: Treatment of a wide variety of infections: gram negative bacteria; trichomoniasis; giardiasis; administer PO or IV Side Effects: Metallic taste, anorexia, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; headache; dizziness
Nursing Considerations: May discolor urine (dark red-brown); do not use ETOH during treatment; if IV, administer slowly (30-60 minutes); check IV compatabilities prior to coadministration.
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acyclovir
(Zovirax)
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antiviral
Indications: Treatment of herpes, varicella Side Effects: Blood dyscrasias; headache
Nursing Considerations: Administration either IV or PO; If Po, may take with or without food; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection, e.g., sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, fatigue
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valacyclovir HCL
(Valtrex)
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antiviral
Indications: Treatment of genital Herpes, Herpes Zoster, herpetic cold sores Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, headache
Nursing Considerations: force fluids during treatment (8-10 glasses / day); avoid sexual contact during treatment
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oseltamivir phosphate
(Tamiflu)
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antiviral
Indications: Prophylaxis (in adults) for influenza; treatment of uncomplicated acute influenza symptoms (patients symptomatic for 2 days or less). NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR FLU IMMUNIZATION. Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Nursing Considerations: Not a substitute for flu immunization; may take with or without food
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zidovudine
(AZT ; Retrovir)
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antiviral
Indications: Management of HIV infection; prevention of HIV following needle stick Side Effects: Rash, Insomnia, Dyspepsia, Dizziness, Anorexia, Fever, Headache, Malaise, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
Nursing Considerations: GI upset & insomnia generally go away after a few weeks to a month.
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cefadroxil
or
cefalexin
(Duracef ; Keflex)
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1st Generation Cephalosporin

Indications: Treatment of respiratory tract, skin, bone infections; otitis media; UTI; endocarditis; peritonitis; tonsillitis Side Effects: Diarrhea, GI Upset
Nursing Considerations: Avoid ETOH with use; maintain intestinal flora by eating yogurt or acidophillus; observe for signs / symptoms of superinfection: thrush, vaginal itching or exudate; perineal itching
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cefaclor
or
cefoxitan
or
cefuroxime
(Ceclor ; Mefoxin; Ceftin)
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2nd Generation Cephalosporin

Indications: Treatment of infection, e. Coli & other bacteria; chronic bacterial prostatitis; acutte sinusitis; POSTEXPOSURE INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX (Bioterrorism) Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, flatulence; photosensitivity; rash
Nursing Considerations: Contraindicated in children < 18 years old; take 2 hours after meals; avoid caffeine; push fluids= 8-10 glasses per day
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cefdinir
or
cefepime
or
cefotaxime
(Omnicef; Maxipime; Cefobid; Claforan)
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third generation cephalosporins

Indications: Treatment of infections of: respiratory tract, otitis media; skin infections; bone infections; UTI, GYN infections; STD; Acute bacterial exacerbation with chronic bronchitis / COPD Side Effects: GI: Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, anorexia
Nursing Considerations: avoid use of ETOH during treatment; maintain intestinal flora by eating yogurt or acidophillus; monitor for signs symptoms of superinfection
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vancomycin
(Lyphocin; Vancocin; Vancoled)
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glycopeptide
Indications: Treatment of resistant staph infections (e.g., MRSA), colitis, enterocolitis, endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures; Side Effects: Hepatotoxic Nursing Considerations: Monitor LFT's; administer over 30-60 minutes; "Red Man Syndrome,"= decreased BP, flushing of face & neck; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection: sore throat, fever, fatigue. Monitor blood levels: Vanco Peak & Trough--adjust administration as needed, per physician order.
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clindamycin
(Cleocin)
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lincosamide
Indications: Treatment of infectiosn caused by staph stre--other organisms. Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain; vaginitis
Nursing Considerations: PO IM or IV; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection
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amoxicillin
or
ampicillin
or
penicillin
(Amoxil; Omnipen; Bicillin; Wycillin)
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penicillins
Indications: Treatment of scarlet fever; respiratory infections, otitis media; pneumonia; gonorrhea; other soft tissue infections. Side Effects: Allergic reactions=fever, dyspnea, skin rash; Abnormalities of renal, hepatic, hematological systems; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Nursing Considerations: Take history of drug reactions; observe for 20 minutes after injection; for PO administration take 1 hour before or two hours after meals; continue full treatment even if symptoms resolve; cross sensitivity with cephalosporins
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1st Generation Cephalosporin

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2nd Generation Cephalosporin

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third generation cephalosporins

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Nursing Considerations: PO IM or IV; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection

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