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5/29/13

Pterygota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pterygota
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Winged insects) The Pterygota are a subclass of insects that includes the winged insects. It also includes insect orders that are secondarily wingless (that is, insect groups whose ancestors once had wings but that have lost them as a result of subsequent evolution). The pterygotan group comprises almost all insects. The hexapod orders not included are the Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and the Thysanura (silverfishes and firebrats), two primitively wingless insect orders. Also not included are the three orders no longer considered to be insects: Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. Pterygota
Temporal range: Late CarboniferousRecent Pre O S D C P T J K Pg N

Contents
1 Systematics 1.1 Infraclass Paleoptera 1.2 Infraclass Neoptera 2 External links
Giant Honey Bee Apis dorsata on Tribulus terrestris (order Hymenoptera)

Scientific classification

Systematics
Traditionally, this group was divided into the infraclasses Paleoptera and Neoptera. The former are nowadays strongly suspected of being paraphyletic, and better treatments (such as dividing or dissolving the group) are presently being discussed. In addition, it is not clear how exactly the neopterans are related among each other. The Exopterygota might be a similar assemblage of rather ancient hemimetabolous insects among the Neoptera like the Palaeoptera are among insects as a whole. The holometabolous Endopterygota seem to be very close relatives, indeed, but nonetheless appear to contain several clades of related orders, the status of which is not agreed upon. The following scheme uses finer divisions than the one above, which is not well-suited to correctly accommodating the fossil groups.

Kingdom: Phylum: Class: (unranked): Subclass:

Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Dicondylia Pterygota


Lang, 1888

Orders Infraclass: Paleoptera (probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass: Neoptera
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Infraclass Paleoptera
(probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_insects

5/29/13

Pterygota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Palaeodictyoptera (extinct) Megasecoptera (extinct) Archodonata (extinct) Diaphanopterodea (extinct) Protodonata or Meganisoptera (extinct; sometimes included in Odonata) Protanisoptera (extinct; sometimes included in Odonata) Triadophlebioptera (extinct; sometimes included in Odonata) Protozygoptera or Archizygoptera (extinct; sometimes included in Odonata) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)

Superorder: Exopterygota Blattaria (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (walking sticks) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Grylloblattodea (icecrawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Psocoptera (booklice, barklice) Thysanoptera (thrips) Phthiraptera (lice) Hemiptera (true bugs) Superorder: Endopterygota Hymenoptera (ants, bees, etc.) Coleoptera (beetles) Strepsiptera (twistedwinged parasites) Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Megaloptera (alderflies, etc.) Neuroptera (netveined insects)
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Infraclass Neoptera
Superorder Exopterygota Caloneurodea (extinct) Titanoptera (extinct) Protorthoptera (extinct) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc.) Phasmatodea (stick insects - tentatively placed here) Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers - tentatively placed here) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators - tentatively placed here) Proposed superorder Dictyoptera Blattaria (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Proposed superorder Paraneoptera Psocoptera (booklice, barklice) Thysanoptera (thrips) Phthiraptera (lice) Hemiptera (true bugs) Superorder Endopterygota Hymenoptera (ants, bees, etc.) Coleoptera (beetles) Strepsiptera (twisted-winged parasites) Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Megaloptera (alderflies, etc.) Neuroptera (net-veined insects) Proposed superorder Mecopteroidea/Antliophora
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_insects

5/29/13

Pterygota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mecoptera (scorpionflies, etc.) Siphonaptera (fleas) Diptera (true flies) Protodiptera (extinct) Proposed superorder Amphiesmenoptera Trichoptera (caddisflies) Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Neoptera orders incertae sedis Glosselytrodea (extinct) Miomoptera (extinct)

Mecoptera (scorpionflies, etc.) Siphonaptera (fleas) Diptera (true flies) Trichoptera (caddisflies) Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) For alternative classifications and fossil orders, see text.

External links
Media related to Pterygota at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pterygota&oldid=543750257" Categories: Insects This page was last modified on 13 March 2013 at 02:50. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_insects

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