UNIT 12 HELICOPTER RESCUE The Marina has unloaded its cargo in the port of Gdynia, and is now in the

Gulf of Finland passing south of Hanko well on her way towards her destination, the port of Kotka. Suddenly Captain James receives some alarming information from the engine room. Peter Green, one of the motormen, has injured his leg badly and needs immediate medical attention. The patient needs helicopter assistance and must be hoisted by helicopter stretcher. Captain James then sends the following urgency message by DSC. He sends the message directly to the MRSC (Maritime Rescue Sub Centre) Helsinki, MMSI number 002302000, as the vessel is within its area. Format: SELECTIVE Party ID: 002302000 Category: URGENCY Telecom 1: TELEPHONY Work Channel: NONE Transmitted: Ch70 Marina receives the following acknowledgement by DSC: Format: SELECTIVE From: Category: URGENCY Telecom 1: TELEPHONY Work Channel: 14 Transmitted: Ch 70 After this follows voice communication. Captain James picks up the radiotelephone and sends the following urgency message on channel 14: Pan-Pan, Pan-Pan, Pan-Pan. Rescue Centre Helsinki. This is Marina, Marina, Marina. Mike Whiskey Yankee Alpha 3 Position: Latitude 59 40'North Longitude 024 00'East One crew member badly injured. REQUEST: Immediate helicopter assistance for transportation to hospital. Over. A few moments later there is an answer to the Pan-Pan and the following message is heard: Pan-Pan, Marina. This is Rescue Centre Helsinki. Pan-Pan received. Marina. Rescue Centre Helsinki. We are coming to your assistance. We are sending a helicopter and doctor. Say again your position. Over. Rescue Centre Helsinki. Marina Position: Latitude 59 40'North Longitude 024 00'East Over. Marina. Rescue Centre Helsinki. Understood. Helicopter ETA is 30 minutes. What is your course and speed and what are the weather conditions in area? Over. Rescue Centre Helsinki. Marina.

Our course is 090, speed 15 knots. Southwesterly wind 8 m/s, visibility 3 miles. Over. Rescue Centre Helsinki asks the Marina to stand by on traffic channel 14. It will take about 30 minutes before the helicopter can take off, and another 30 minutes for it to reach the scene of the accident. Meanwhile the patient is being prepared for hoisting. Peter Green, the injured man, has been given first aid and a life-jacket has been put on. He is given pain-relievers, and information about his medication is tagged on to his person. As Peter is in foreign waters, his seaman's book is also sent along with him. All loose parts in the rigging must be taken down and secured before the helicopter arrives. The helicopter will normally approach the ship from the stern on the port side. This gives the winchoperator and the pilot the best view of the ship. The vessel must maintain a steady course and a constant speed. It is essential that the crew has been briefed, and know exactly what to do, and that all preparations have been completed before the helicopter arrives. Voice communication will be impossible when the air is filled with the powerful noise of engines and rotor-blades. The air will be white with spray; and it will even be difficult to stand upright. As it is dark outside, the ship has to be well illuminated to make it easier for the helicopter to see the vessel and the pick-up area. Captain James gives an order to direct the spotlights towards the deck, so as not to blind the pilot. The helicopter is now only a few miles from the Marina. Marina. This is helicopter pilot. We are now 2 miles from your position. Maintain a course 245 that will keep the wind 30 on port bow. We will first lower the guide rope. Then a stretcher in order to pick up the patient. Over. Helicopter. This is Marina. Understood. I will keep wind 30 on port bow. Landing party ready to receive you. Over. The guide rope is lowered, touches the water and lands on deck. It is tended by one of the deckhands throughout the operation. The helicopter takes a hovering position a little away from the ship on the port side, and a rescue man is lowered. He will take charge of the hoisting operation. Next the helicopter stretcher is lowered. Peter Green is moved to the helicopter stretcher and he is covered in blankets, which are secured so as not to blow away during the lift. The rescue man gives the signal for hoisting. Slowly and rather awkwardly the stretcher rises into the air, while the men are trying to steady it with the guide-rope. The stretcher finally reaches the helicopter, where the winch-operator is ready to receive it. The operation has been carried out successfully. The rescue man is hoisted, and the helicopter rushes to the nearest hospital, where Peter will be given medical treatment. On board the Marina there is a feeling of relief and the vessel continues on its voyage under the dark September sky.

UNIT 12 HELICOPTER RESCUE EXERCISES I. Fill in the gaps:

A) On board ship 1. 2. 3. All loose.must be taken down and secured. The vessel must..a.course and a.speed. It is important to give clear instructions to the crew tothem

4. 5. 6. 7.

Voice.will be impossible because of the noise from the helicopter engines and will be poor, the air will be white with . If it is dark outside the Captain may give orders to direct the ships.towards the deck. It is important that the light does not .the helicopter pilot who must have a good view of the..area.

Preparation for helicopter rescue B) The Patient 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. First of all, give the patient a Put on a If necessary, give him..if he is experiencing pain. the information about his.on his person. If he is in foreign waters, his.must also be sent with him. Prepare him for hoisting by placing him on the ..that the helicopter ..provides on arrival. II. Match the words with their definitions:

a winch to hoist rotor blades a pick up area medication to illuminate a seamans book to brief a spotlight

the rotating propeller on a helicopter medicines given to a patient a machine with a thick chain used for lifting heavy things to light the spot from which hoisting takes place to give instructions or information to raise by rope or machine a seamans passport a strong light that can be directed in different directions

III.

Fill in the blank choosing from the following words:

injured, survivors, operator, stranded, rescue raft, picked, gusts, cable, rescue suits 1. The................................ from the grounded ship swam ashore but

were.....................................on the island until the helicopter arrived. 2. 3. The wind was very strong with violent..................................................................... The crew were dressed in................................................when they

were......................................up by the helicopter from the................................................... 4. The winch.......................broke during the rescue operation and hit the

winch................................in the face, although he was not seriously........................................ height, lower, capsizing, emergency, airfield, rotor-blades, take off, crests, rolling 5. The helicopters............................................................were very near to touching the ships rigging. 6. 7. The fishing boat had a heavy list and was in danger of................................................................ The rescue man was.............................................down to the ship, which

was.............................heavily in the rough sea. 8. 9. The waves had white..................................and rose to a ................................of four meters. Soon after ...........................................the helicopter had engine trouble and had to make an.................................landing at the nearest.......................................................... approaches, hovering, wind direction, view, guide rope, cockpit, stretcher 10. There were some strained moments for the helicopter pilot in

the ................................................ 11. The pilot wanted to know the relative.........................................and speed at the ships port bow. 12. During a helicopter rescue operation the...........................must not be secured to the ship. 13. The injured crew member was put on a.............................................and then hoisted up into the helicopter. 14. The helicopter usually .................................................the ship from the stern on the port side and takes up a ........................................... position, from which it has a good.....................................................of the ship. UNIT 7 HEAVY WEATHER The Marina is underway in the Bay of Biscay. It is about seven a.m. on Sunday morning and John Andersen is standing the four to eight watch. The weather forecast the previous evening has told of low pressure forming in the western Atlantic. John now notices that the barometric pressure is falling rapidly. The sea is beginning to get very rough - the wind is increasing by the hour. On the bridge the NAVTEX printer starts to work and the Chief Officer reads the message. It contains a gale warning for the Bay of Biscay. Weather forecast for area eastern Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay: FQNT51 LFPW 220931 NAVTEX MER698

TXT AAAA BAY OF BISCAY BULLETIN (METAREA 2) METEO-FRANCE TUESDAY 19 SEPTEMBER 2005 AT 0700 UTC. WIND IN BEAU FORT SCALE 1 : WARNING : GALE WARNING FOR AREA BAY OF BISCAY: GALE FORCE 9 INCREASING. STORM FORCE 10 IMMINENT 2 : GENERAL SYNOPSIS, TUESDAY 19 AT 00 UTC LOW 990 IN BAY OF BISCAY, MOVING SOUTHEAST AND FILLING, EXPECTED 1000 OVER SPAIN BY 22/12 UTC. HIGH 1045 OVER SCANDINAVIA, SLOW-MOVING. 3 : FORECASTS TO WEDNESDAY 20 AT 12 UTC IROISE, YEU : EASTERLY 9 TO 10, DECREASING 7 TO 8 LATER. VERY ROUGH, SPRAY, VISIBILITYAFFECTED, SHOWERS. ROCHEBONNE: EASTERLY 7 TO 8, BACKING NORTHEASTERLY 6 OR 7 SOON, THEN DECREASING 5 TO 6 LATER. ROUGH, DECREASING TO MODERATE LATER. SHOWERS... The wind has now reached force 10. The seas are already very high with whitecrests and the air is white with spray. Captain James has been through many storms. He knows that he will need all his skill and experience to save the ship from damage or loss. There are many important factors to consider - the wind direction and force, the course being steered, the height of the sea, and whether the sea is short or long. In a strong headwind the vessel will pitch. When the wind is abeam the ship, we say that she is rolling. Not only the height but the length of the seas is important. Stability is the ability of a vessel to endure high winds and seas and resist capsizing even if she heels over (or lists) heavily in the wind. Adding weight above a vessel's centre of gravity will change its stability. If the centre of gravity is raised too much, the vessel will become unstable. As a result, less tilt is needed to capsize the vessel. Removing weight from below the centre of gravity also decreases stability. When the Marina was loaded, the Chief Mate was careful to see that the loading did not decrease the stability of the Marina. If much of the cargo weight is at the bottom of the holds, the centre of gravity is low, and the ship is said to be stiff. The breaking waves then strike the ship's hull with force and in some cases the hull might even be damaged. On the other hand, if too much cargo has been placed in the 'tween decks or on the decks, the centre of gravity is high. This makes the ship tender, and she will roll freely and rapidly. Cargo might shift and the ship might start listing. She may then be unable to recover from a roll and capsize. Both wind and sea are now abaft the starboard beam of the Marina, which is rolling heavily in the high seas. Captain: I think we ought to reduce speed to half speed. Chief Officer: OK, half speed. Captain James has reduced speed to save the Marina from being hit too violently by the waves. The storm is now becoming increasingly violent and the Marina is pounding heavily. Captain: We shall have to heave to. We'll take her bow to the sea. Hand steering on! Chief Officer: Very well, hand steering! Captain: Stand by Engine Room control! Engine Room Control: Standing by. Outside there is only the roaring of the wind and the fierce beating of the seas, which are now mountainous, - wind, air and water. Inside the navigating bridge there is only the monotony of the orders to the Engine Room and the strained concentration of the two men. Captain: Chief Officer: Captain: Dead slow ahead. Dead slow ahead. Hard a starboard.

Chief Officer: Captain: Chief Officer: Captain: Chief Officer: Chief Officer: Captain: Chief Officer:

Hard a starboard. Full ahead. Full ahead. Stop her. Stop her.Captain: Dead slow ahead. Dead slow ahead. Is she answering the wheel? Yes, she is.

THE B E A U F O R T S C A L E This scale of wind speeds devised in 1805 by Sir Francis Beaufort is still in use today. Force knots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <1 1-3 4-6 7-10 11-16 17-21 22-27 28-33 34-40 41-47 48-55 56-63 64+ Speed km/h <1 1-5 6-11 12-19 20-29 30-39 40-50 51-61 62-74 76-87 88102 103118 119 Calm, sea like a mirror. Light air, ripples only. Light breeze, small wavelets (0.2m). Crests have a glassy appearance. Gentle breeze, large wavelets (0.6m), crests begin to break. Moderate breeze, small waves (1m), some white horses. Fresh breeze, moderate waves (1.8m), many white horses. Strong breeze, large waves (3m), probably some spray. Near gale, mounting sea (4m) with foam blown in streaks downwind. Gale, moderately high waves (5.5m), crests break into spindrift. Strong gale, high waves (7m), dense foam, visibility affected. Storm, very high waves (9m), heavy sea roll, visibility impaired. Surface generally white. Violent storm, exceptionally high waves (11 m), visibility poor. Hurricane, 14m waves, air filled with foam and spray, visibility bad. Conditions

Wave heights quoted are approximately those that may be expected in the open sea. In enclosed waters the waves will be smaller and steeper. Fetch, depth, swell, heavy rain and tide will also affect their height, and there will also usually be a time lag between any increase in the wind and the consequent increase in the sea.

to devise- to make up;todesign a breeze-a light wind a calm- a quiet period light- not heavy ripple- a very small wave gentle- mild a wavelet- a not very big wave moderate- average a crest- the highest part of a wave fresh- brisk a white horse- a big wave with white crests a streak- thin line a swell- the heaving of the sea remaining after a storm poor-weak downwind same direction as wind steep - goes up or down quickly a time lag- the time between; delay exceptionally -unusually

a hurricane- violent storm appearance- the look of violent- very strong mounting sea- waves increasing visibility- how far/well you can see spray- small drops of liquid blown through the air impair- to reduce affect- to influence foam- small white bubbles bad- not good

upwind- against the wind fetch- waves reflected back spindrift- foam or spray blown from the surface of the sea enclosed waters - surrounded by land to quote -to mention a depth- how deep the water is

UNIT 7 HEAVY WEATHER- EXERCISES I. Replace synonyms in the text by the expressions in the lists below:

condition in the atmosphere in bad weather, has fallen, wind force 8 on the Beaufort scale, an instrument for measuring air pressure, the waves are high, drops of liquid blown through the air, working hours at sea, is proceeding on a voyage The Marina is underway in the bay of Biscay. It is about 7 a.m. on a Sunday morning and John Andersen is standing the four to eight watch. The weather forecast the previous evening has told of low pressure forming in the Western Atlantic and has given a gale warning. The sea is rough the wind is increasing by the hour. The barometer has dropped and the air is white with spray. Captain James has been through many storms. He knows that he will need all his skill and experience to save his ship from damage or loss. There are many important factors to consider the wind direction and force, the course being steered and the height of the sea. In a strong headwind the ship will pitch, when the wind is abeam the ship we say that she is rolling. the ship movement in a headwind, the direction a ship is taking, the ships movement in a side wind, wind on the ships side, ability to do something well, from where it blows and how strong it is, things to think about, how high the waves are, wind on the ships bow. II. Do the same as above. Choose from:

ship rolling freely in the wind, big waves with white crests, turn over completely in the wind, come back to normal, to heel over in the wind, how well the ship endures the wind, ship moving heavily in the wind, hit, cannot do, move from one place to another. When the Marina was loaded, the Chief Mate was careful to see that the loading did not decrease the stability of the Marina. If much of the cargo weight is on the bottom of the holds, the centre of gravity is low; we say that the ship is stiff. The breaking waves then strike the ships hull with force and in some cases the hull might even be damaged. If too much cargo has been placed on the tween decks or on the decks the ship is tender and she will roll freely and rapidly. Cargo might shift and the ship might start to list. She may then be unable to recover from a roll and may capsize. III. Fill in the gaps while listening:

Both wind and sea are nowof the Marina which is rolling heavily in the high seas. Captain: I think we ought toto.. . Chief Officer: OK,.. . Captain James has reduced speed to save the Marina from being hit too violently by the waves. The storm is now becoming increasingly violently and the Marina .heavily. Captain: We shall have to heave to. Well .! Chief Officer: Very well, hand steering! Captain:! Engine room: . . IV. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fill in the missing words: The waves are often called When there is.we can expect wind and rain. The gripes used for lowering a lifeboat are called When the wind is on the bow it is called.. When the waves have..the air fills with spray. When there is bad weather the barometer. take .

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

In a storm we must fastenor loose gear on deck. What are the ships movements called? in a headwind when the wind is on the beam. Wind force 10 on the Beaufort scale means . How stable a vessel is on the wind and seas is called its.. When a ship heels over in a wind we say that she . The vessel had a list or.of 10 degrees to port. When a ship turns over completely in the wind we say that she. Captain James decided to take the bow to the wind- that is to. When the Captain wanted the Engine Room to be ready he said:. When he wanted to steer the ship manually he gave the order: When the waves are very high we say the sea is Waves with white crests are called.. The white crests sometimes fill the air with When cargo moves because of the ships roll we say that the cargo. When the centre of gravity of a ship is high we say that she isand when the centre of gravity is low we say she is 22. If a ship cannot..from a roll she will capsize. T H E PRESENT P E R F E C T T E N S E Examples: I have forgotten my money, so I can't pay you. He has worked here for 5 years now and he still likes it. We have been here for days now (and we're still here). The present perfect indicates a connection between past and present. This connection may be a result or a continuation of something that started in the past and is still going on now. "I have forgotten my money, so I can't pay you". (= result). "He has worked here for 5 years now and he still likes it" (= continuation). The present perfect is formed by have or has + past participle. The past participle of a regular verb is formed by stem + -ed ("worked'). The past participle of an irregular verb is in the third row of the Irregular Verbs . Study these sentences: The Boatswain has received a number of orders because of the storm. As soon as the Third Officer has returned from his watch he goes to inspect the Boatswain's work. Have you checked all lashings on deckand and doubled them? he asks. Yes, I have, answers the Boatswain. Have you told the men what to expect? asks the Third Mate. Yes, indeed I have. The Boatswain has done a thorough job as always. He has tightened all the boat gripes and he has cleared away all loose gear from the decks. Finally he has made sure that all the cranes are secured. V. Answer the orders in the Perfect tense by writing the correct answers in the space available.

e.g. Let go all ropes! - I have let go all ropes! 1. Tighten the boat gripes! .the boat gripes. 2. Clear away all loose gear! . away all loose gear. 3. Cast off from the bollards! from the bollards. 4. Single up aft! ............................................................................ aft. 5. Check the lashings! the lashings. 6. Tell the crew! ..the crew.