A Live Research Project Report

Scope and Penetration of e-commerce In udaipur city

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Submitted by: UNFORGETTABLES

Submitted to: Dr.KARUNESH SAXENA (PROFESSIOR)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With sense of pride I like to place profound thanks to all those who helped me to complete this report.

Firstly, I am deeply indebted to our distinguished, Prof. Dr. Karunesh Saxena sir for his guidance to fulfill our resources in course of the study. Without him this Report work would have not been possible. We will remain ever indebted to him for his expert guidance, constant encouragement, incessant discussions and everlasting moral support.

we place our sincere thanks to our mentors Kshama sharma mam, Apeksha Bhatnagar mam,and tanuja mam for giving us constant guidelines regarding the topic , for encouraging us, and for their friendly support, untiring help , concern throughout our work and extreme patience to explain the details to pace up our report step by step. We are also grateful to Faculty of Management studies.

we also want to thank our colleagues who helped us and coordinated with us throughout our project report.

Varsha rao

PREFACE Experience Learning Is More than the privilege which cannot Express in words
Electronic commerce, commonly known as ecommerce, e-Commerce or ecomm., refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. However, the term may refer to more than just buying and selling products online. It also includes the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well. The whole project is divided in six segments: First segment consists of introduction. Second segment consists of review of literature and research methodology. Third segment consists analysis and interpretation. Forth segment consists facts and findings. Fifth segment consists conclusions. Sixth segment consists of Recommendations

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY Therefore for the purpose of this project, designing a questionnaire and getting direct responses from the people was thought to be the most appropriate method as it gives a more clear understanding about the current scenario the e commerce users in Udaipur city . 1. Name of the institute 2. Under the guidance of 3. Research Topic 4 5 Area of the study Sample size Faculty studies of management

Dr. Karunesh saxena sir Scope and penetration of ecommerce in udaipur city Udaipur city 50 respondents

6. Research Objectives
To study e-commerce uses in Udaipur city To study the impact of various factors such as age, sex and work status on the use of e commerce To find out the knowledge level ,related to e-commerce in udaipur city

7. Collection of data: Two types of data were collected to make the research more specific. A Primary data: Questionnaire and direct response used foe collection of primary data . B.Secondary data:It was collected through Websites and textbooks etc. 8. Analysis of Data and Interpretation Analysis of data was done by making master tables through which each and every questionnaire was analyses. Bar diagram and pie charts were used to show the analysis of data and interpretation, are explained simultaneously.

About E-commerce
Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) is the act of doing business electronically. This means that all your transactions are paperless and you use electronic means such as EDI (electronic data interchange), electronic mail, bulletin boards, fax transmissions, electronic fund transfers and the internet. E-Commerce is by no means a new concept, even though with the internet the use of e-commerce has increased dramatically. ECommerce has been implemented in the banking system for a long time and most businesses have been using EDI (Electronic data interchange) to transmit computer readable data in a standard format to another business. With the rapid increase of use by

consumers and businesses of the internet, e-commerce is now another option for many businesses.

INDEX
Acknowledgement Preface Executive Summary SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. TITLE Introduction Review Of Literature Research Methodology Analysis & Interpretation Facts & Findings Conclusions Recommendations References Appendix Questionnaire PAGE NO. 8 10 12 51 52 53 54 55 57

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Scope and penetration of e-commerce in udaipur city

E-commerce is buying and selling goods and services over the Internet. Ebusiness is a structure that includes not only those transactions that center on buying and selling goods and services to generate revenue, but also those transactions that support revenue generation. These activities include generating demand for goods and services, offering sales support and customer service, or facilitating communications between business partners.

By the help of the flexibility offered by computer networks and the availability of the Internet, E-commerce develops on traditional commerce. E-commerce creates new opportunities for performing profitable activities online. It promotes easier cooperation between different groups: businesses sharing information to improve Customer relations; companies working together to design and build new products/services; or multinational company sharing information for a major marketing campaign The followings are the business uses of the Internet. These services and capabilities are a core part of a successful e-commerce programme. Buying and selling products and services Providing customer service Communicating within organizations Collaborating with others Gathering information (on competitors, and so forth) Providing seller support Publishing and distributing information Providing software update and patches

Airline and travel tickets, banking services, books, clothing, computer hardware, software, and other electronics, flowers and gifts are some popular products and services that can be purchased online. Several successful ebusinesses have established their business models around selling these products and services. E-commerce has the potential to generate revenue and reduce costs for businesses and entities. Marketing, retailers, banks, insurance, government, training, online publishing, travel industries are some of the main recipients of e-commerce. For instance, banks use the Web for diverse business practices and customer service.

Comparing Traditional Commerce and E-Commerce In e-commerce there may be no physical store, and in most cases the buyer and seller do not see each other. The Web and telecommunications technologies play a major role, in e-commerce. Although the goals and objectives of both e-commerce and traditional commerce are the sameselling products and services to generate profits they do it quite differently. Traditional commerce presents product information by using magazines, flyers. On the other hand, e-commerce presents by using web sites and online catalogs. Traditional commerce communicates by regular mail phone yet e-commerce by e-mail. Traditional commerce checks product availability by phone, fax and letter. However, e-commerce checks by e-mail, web sites, and internal networks. Traditional commerce generates orders and invoices by printed forms but ecommerce by e-mail, and web sites. Traditional commerce gets product acknowledgments by phone and fax. On the other hand, e-commerce gets by e-mail, web sites, and EDI. It is important to notice that currently many companies operate with a mix of traditional and e-commerce. Just about all medium and large organizations have some kind of e-commerce presence. The followings are some examples, Toys-R-Us, Wal-Mart Stores, GoldPC, and Vatan Computer.

MAJOR TYPES OF E-COMMERCE

The several types of e-commerce in use today are classified based on the nature of the transactions: business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), consumer-to-consumer(C2C),consumer-to-business (C2B), and nonbusiness and government, and organizational (intra-business) BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER E-COMMERCE In B2C e-commerce, businesses sell directly a diverse group of products and services to customers . In addition topure B2C e-commerce players such as Amazon.com, and hepsiburada.com other traditional businesses have entered the virtual marketplace by establishing comprehensive web sites and virtual storefronts. In these cases, e-commerce supplements the traditional commerce by offering products and services through electronic channels.

Business-to-Business e-Commerce Business-to-Business e-commerce holds electronic transactions among and between businesses. The Internet and reliance of all businesses upon other companies for supplies, utilities, and services has enhanced the popularity of B2B e-commerce and made B2B the fastest growing segment within the e-commerce environment. In recent years extranets (more than one intranet) have been effectively used for B2Boperations. B2B e-commerce creates dynamic interaction among the business partners; this represents a fundamental shift in how business will be conducted in the 21st century CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER E-COMMERCE Using C2C e-commerce, consumers sell directly to other consumers using the Internet and web technologies. Individuals sell a wide variety of services/products on the Web or through auction sites such as eBay.com, and gittigidiyor.com through

classified ads or by advertising. Figure 3.3 illustrates a general C2C e-commerce relationship. Consumers are also able to advertise their products and services in organizational intranets and sell them to other employees. CONSUMER-TO-BUSINESS E-COMMERCE Consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce that involves individuals selling to businesses may include a services product that a consumer is willing to sell. Individuals offer certain prices for specific products/services. Companies such as pazaryerim.com and mobshop.com are examples of C2B.

CHAPTER -2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Turban, Lee, Liang &Turban (2010). Ecommerce provides a thorough explanation of what is e commerce is ,how its being conducted and managed and how to assess its major opportunities, limitations , issues and risk all in the social-computing business environment. The web 2.0 environment and social networks, e-commerce fraud and securitiescommerce. Payment system fulfilling e-commerce orders and other ecommerce support services. David and Straub (2000). The technology acceptance model is one of the most widely used models of Information and Technology adoption. Information technology adoption is influenced by two perceptions: usefulness and ease of use. Data collected from 217 subjects in a free simulation experiment support these hypothesis. Implication for future web development and theoretical refinements are discussed. Knight, Choudhary and Kacmar (2001). Evidence suggests that consumers often hasitate to transit with web-based vendors because of uncertainity about vendor behavior or the perceived risk of having personal information stolen by hackers. Proposed relationship among the trust constructs are tested as are relationship between the trust construct and 3 other e-commerce construct as web experience,personal innovativeness and website qualiy. Gefen (1979). Familiarity is a pre condition for trust. Trust is a pre-requisite of social behavior ,specially regarding important decisions. It is primarily peoples disposition to trust that affected there trust in the vendor. Implications of research and practice are discussed. Grandson and Pearson (2003). By combining to independent research streams, we examined the determinants factors of strategic value and adoption of e-commerce as prescribed by top managers in small and medium sized enterprises in the mid west region of the US. The hypothesized a

casual link between the perceived strategic value of e-commerce and ecommerce adoption. To validate the research model we collected data from top managers/owners of SME by using an internet survey. Srinivasan, Anderson and Pronnavolu (2001). This paper investigates the anticidents and consequences of customer.Business to business context, data collected from1211 online customers demonstrate that all these factors, except convenience,impact e-loyalty. The data also reveal that e-loyalty has an impact on to customer related outcomes, word of mouth promotion and willingness to pay more.

Brodie and Johston (2007). While the recent international surveys conducted by Farley have lead them to claim that e-marketing is starting to come of age, there has been little empirical research about e-marketing sactual impact on marketing practice and performance. The success of emarketing largely comes from the support and enhancement of marketing practices.

Yeung (2001). A systematic cross country analysis of e-commerce activity reveals that although physical infrastructure explains much of the variations in basic internet use, e-commerce activity also depends on a supportive institutional environment.

Turowski (2002). The internet has created a tremendous opportunity to conduct business electrnically. Innovative business concept like virtual enterprises,supply chain management, one to one marketing and advanced competitive strategies such as mass customization are supported by the internet. An agent based system can automate procurement and inter company co-ordination of production cost the system implementation is described.

Jay and Agarwal (2009). The number of factors including development in internet based commerce and third party logistics, have lead many companies to consider engaging in direct sales. The latter two schemes could be beneficial in that they achieve a decision of labour according to each channels competitive advantage.

Zott, Amit and Donlevy (2000). This paper investigates strategies for value creation of e-commerce companies. Our main assumption is that ecommerce fundamentally affects the way business is conducted across many industries. To illustrate these two strategies, we give example of European companies that can be considered best practice company.

Wong (2003). This article provides a broad overview of the likely global/ regional contextual factors and unique national characteristics that influence e-commerce diffusion in Singapore. In liberlising the tele communication services sector & in promoting technology entrepreneurship. Our review of trend and pattern in Singapore appears to be consistent with this analysis.

Gibbs and Kreamer(2004). The internet & e-commerce have become increasingly diffused globally, bringing countries together into a global networked economy understanding global diffusion requires insight into the determinants of this process across countries. It confirms the importance of strategic benefits, external pressure and technology and financial resources in e-commerce use. It highlights important effects of the policy environment on scope of e-commerce.

Gunasesekaran,Marri&Nebhwani (2002). E-commerce is possibly the most promising application of information technology witnessed in recent years. Its revolutionising supply chain management and has enormous

potential for manufacturing and service operation. A framework of describing e-commerce components and their role in different areas of an organisation is proposed. Finally we summarised our findings and conclusions.

Lee(2001). E-commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. E-commerce is a paradigm shift.Its a descriptive innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. E-commerce planners and strategic managers will be able to use the framework to analyse & evaluate the critical successful factors for ecommerce success.

Butt&Sparks (2003). Views abound on the impact of the internet & ecommerce on traditional forms of trading. Scenarios range from on one hand, the almost total devastation of existing physical detailing on the other,limited if any impact upon relation retailing. Existing retails flour space will need enhancement in quality presentation.If its continue to provide retails function.

Mcknight & Chervany (2001). Trust is a vital relationship that needs clarification because researchers across discipline have define it in so many different ways. The effects of web vendor intervention on consumer behaviour are positioned to be partially mediated by consumer trusting belief and trusting intentions in the e vendor.

Schafer,Konslan & Riedl (2001). Recommender systems are being used by a never increasing number of e-commerce sites to help consumer fine products to purchase. Five commonly used e-commerce recommender applications models, describe several open research problems in the field of

recommender system and examine privacy implications of recommender system technology. Buhalis and Deimezi (2003). E-commerce revolutionizes both global economies and market places. A number of developed countries have demonstrated clear leadership in e-commerce. The paper provides essential background information for enterprises and policy makers interested in ecommerce in Greece and competitiveness of the country in general. Brodie, Heidi,Coviello and Johson (2007). While the recent international surveys conducted by Barwise and Farley (2005) have led them to claim that e-marketing is starting to come of age, there has been little empirical research about e-marketing actual impact on marketing practice and performance. The coming of age of e-marketing is, to a large extent, a consequences of its integration with other marketing practices. Lefebvre, Lefebvre, Elia and Beck (2005). The intent of this paper is to capture the gradual unfading of b2b e-commerce adoption n small and medium size enterprises. The cumulative and self reinforcing nature of both e-commerce initiativeness and the benefits derived there from paints to the existence of e-commerce adoption trajectories Anderson, Chatterjee and Lakshmanan (2003). This paper explores possible ways in which growth in internet retailing (e-retailing) may affect the spatial distribution of economic activities. The questions of whether eretailing ad brick &mortar retailing are truly substitutes are taken up in the next section, alongwith potential implications of multi-channel retailing. The final section of the paper defines some critical research directions. Santerelli and Altri (2003). As a specific institution of distributive trades, e-commerce displays similarities with retail stores and mail order companies. By the fourth quarter of 2003 nearly 50% of the population of firms in the geographical areas surveyed will have introduced e-commerce among ther marketing channels. Murillo (1970). Supply chain management, at least in the largest multinational corporate, is a global endeavour.The stages of e-commerce evolution, from rather primitive in incipiency to highly advance b2b forms,

are conditioned by factors which range from the availability of complimentary assets to institution consideration

CHAPTER -3
Research methodology The methodology followed for conducting the study includes the specification of research design, sample design, questionnaire design, data collection and statistical tools used for analyzing the collected data. Objectives of the study
To study e-commerce uses in Udaipur city To study the impact of various factors such as age, sex and work status on the use of e commerce To find out the knowledge level ,related to e-commerce in udaipur city

Scope of the study . Research Design: The research design used for this study is of the descriptive type. Descriptive research studies are those studies

which are concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular individual or a group. Sample Size: In this research only a few items can be selected form the population for our study purpose. The items selected constitute what is technically called a sample. Here out sample size is 50 Employees from the total population. Data Collection: The primary data was collected by using questionnaires. The questionnaire has 17questions. Questionnaire Schedule: Questions are framed in such a way that the answers reflect the ideas and thoughts of the respondents with regard to level of. Knowledge and uses of e-commerce. Some questions are open ended some question are close ended. The likert scaling techniques has been used for each question in the interview schedule. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Neutral 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree

Tools of Analysis: Here the simple percentage analysis is used for calculating the percentage of responses given by the respondents. Area of study The area of the study is the people of the udaipur city. Limitations of the study The study is also subjected to certain limitations such as Sample size is limited to 50 Due to the limitation of the time the research could not be made more detailed.
Due to confidentiality of some information accurate response was not revealed by some of the respondents. some replies of the respondents may be biased. Respondent had marked the answers in the questionnaire which may be socially incorrect irrespective of their actual feelings. Despite the above limitations we have tried our best through the entire study to provide a comprehensive, complete and detailed report, so that it can help To find out the scope and penetration of e commerce in udaipur city. .

Chapter 4 Analysis & Interpretations

QUESTION 1. E-commerce is a reliable source of buying and selling of products and services

QUESTION 2. Online shopping is a time saving activity for you

QUESTION 3. E-commerce provide accurate and valuable information to

you

QUESTION4. After sales services of goods and services procured from ecommerce satisfying

QUESTION 5. Quality of products and services are trustworthy

QUESTION6. E-commerce is a better option of trading than traditional

ways of services

QUESTION 7. E-commerce is a cheaper source of trading than traditional

way of commerce

QUESTION 8. E-commerce provides a wide range of product and

services

QUESTION 9. E-commerce is restricted only to buying and selling of

product and services

QUESTION 10. Easy accessibility of internet encourages you to use ecommerce

QUESTION 11. E-commerce has made whole world as a single market QUESTION 12. Prefer e-commerce over other ways of commerce QUESTION 13. . How frequently do you use e -commerce?

QUESTION 14. What is your future expectation from e commerce? QUESTION 15. For what purpose do you use e-commerce maximum?

Chapter 5 Facts and findings

Chapter 6 Conclusions

Chapter 7 Recommendations

REFERENCES
Turban Efraim, Lee Jae K, King David, Liang Ting Peng, Turban Beborrah (2010) Electronic Commerce 2010, ISBN (book) Gefen, David, Straub and Detmar W (2000), The relative importance of perceived ease of use in IS adoption ; A study of e-commerce adoption, Systems volume 1:iss 1.article 8 Harrision D, Knight MC, Choudhary Vivek and Kacmar Charles (2001) Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: An intrigative topology. Gefen David (1979) E-commerce:The role of trust,http://:dx.dol.org/10.1016/so305-0483(00)00021-9 familiarity and

Grandson Elizabeth E and Pearson J Michael (2003) E-commerce adoption:An empirical study of small and medium US businesses, http://:dx.dol.org/10.1016/j.im2003.12.010 Srinivasan Srinis, Anderson Rolph and Pronnavolu Kishore, Customer loyalty in e-commerce:An exploration of its antecedents and consequences, http://:dx.dol.org/10.1016/s0022-4359(01)00065-3 Brodie Roderick J, Winklhofer Heilgie, Coviello Liacole E and Johnston Wesley J online (9 jan 2007) Is e-marketing coming of age? An examination of the penetration of e-marketing and form performance J E Oxley and B Yeung (2001) E-commerce readiness: Institutional environment International comprtitiveness, Journal of International Business studies, Palgrave Macmillian, volume 32 number 4 pages 705-723 Turowski Klaus (2002) Agent based e-commerce in case of mass customization, International journal of production economic, vol.75 issue 12 pages 69-81 Tsay Andy A and Agarwal Narendra (2009) Channel conflict and coordination in e-commerce age,published online, Production and Operation management Vol.13 issue 1 pages 93-110 Zott Christoph, Amit Raphael and Donlevy Jon (2000) Strategies for value creation in e-commerce: Best practice in Europe, European Management Journal vol 18 issue 5 pages 463-475. Wong Poh-kan (2003) Global and National factors affecting e-commerce diffusion in e-commerce, The Information society: An International Journal vol 19 issue 1 pages 19-32 Gibbs Jeniffer and Kreamer Kenneth L (2004) A cross country investigation of the determinants of scope of e-commerce use: An institutional approach, Electronic markets vol 14 issue 2 pages 124-137 Gunasekaran A, Marri H B, Mcgaughey R E and Nebhwani M D (2002) Ecommerce and its impact on operation management, International journal of production economics vol 75 issue 1-2 Pages 185-197

Lee Chung-Shing (2001) An analytical framework for evaluating ecommerce business models and strategies, Internet research vol 11 issue 4 pages 349-359 Butt Steve and Sparks Leigh (2003) E-commerce and The retail process, Journal of retailing and Consumer Services vol 10 issue 5 pages 275-286 Mcknight D Harrison and Chervany Norman L (2001-2002) What trust means in E-commerce customer relationship: An interdisciplinary conceptual topology, International journal of electronic commerce vol 6 issue 2 pages 35-56 Schafer J Ben, Konslan Joseph and Riedl John (2001) E-commerce Recommendation application, Data mining and knowledge discovery vol 5 issue 1-2 pages 115-153 Buhalis Dimitrios and Deimezi Ourania (2003) Information technology penetration and e-commerce:Developments in Greece, with a focus on small to medium sized enterprises, Electronic market Vol 13 issue 4 pages 309341 Brodie Roderick J, Winkhofer Heide, Coviello Nicole E and Johnson Wesley J (2007) Is e-marketing coming of age? An examination of the penetration of e-marketing and firm performance, Journal of interactive marketing, first published online vol 21 issue 1 pages 2-21 Lefebvre Louis A, Lefebvre Elizabeth, Elia Elie and Beck Harold (2005) Exploring b2b e-commerce adoption transjectories in manufacturing SMEs, Technovation vol 25 issue 12 pages 1443-1456 Anderson William T, Chatterjee Lata and Lakshmanan T R (2003) Ecommerce, transportation and economic geography, growth and change: A journal of urban and regional policy, published online vol 34 issue 4 pages 415-432 Santarelli Enrico and DAltricoSamuele (2003) The diffusion of Ecommerce among SMEs:Theoretical implications and empirical evidence, Small Business Economics vol 21 issue 3 pages273-283

Hurillo Luis (1970) Supply chain management and the international dissemination of e-commerce,Industrial management and data systems,published online vol 101 issue 7 page 370 -377

Appendix Questionnaire
SCOPE AND PENETRATION OF E- COMMERCE IN UDAIPUR CITY 1. NAME2. AGE GROUP15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55and above

3. GENDER a) Male b) Female 4. OCCUPATIONStudent

Professional Business Service Others Scope and penetration of e-commerce in Udaipur city S.no 5 Strongly agree 4 Agree 3 Neutral 1 2 Disagree 2 3 1 Strongly disagree 4 5

S .no General Impression 1. E-commerce is a reliable source of buying and selling of products and services 2. Online shopping is a time saving activity for you 3. E-commerce provide accurate and valuable information to you 4. After sales services of goods and services procured from e-commerce satisfying 5. Quality of products and services are trustworthy 6. E-commerce is a better option of trading than traditional ways of services 7. E-commerce is a cheaper source of trading than traditional way of commerce 8. E-commerce provides a wide range of product and services 9. E-commerce is restricted only to buying and selling of product and services 10. Easy accessibility of internet encourages you to use e-commerce 11. E-commerce has made whole world as a single market

12.

Prefer e-commerce over other ways of commerce

Q13. How frequently do you use e -commerce?

Q14.What is your future expectation from e commerce?

Q15.For what purpose do you use e-commerce maximum?