UML - Secomd Internal Paper Solution 2012 (March)

Q-1: Attempt following queastions. (Attempt any 3)

a. Simplify, State diagrams by using subdiagrams with example. Ans.

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A state is a condition during the life of an object during which it satisfies some condition, performs some activity, or waits for some external event. A substate is a state that is nested in another state. Substates may be nested to any level.

(a) Vending Machine State diagram.

(b) Despemse Item- Submachine or Subdiagram of vending machine. In (a) initialy a cending machine is idle. When a person inserts coins, the machine adds the amount to the balance and validate some conditions, then person select an item. If item is not available or balance is insufficient than machine waits for another selection. Otherwise machine dispenses the item and perform changes. In (b) Nested state of vending machine is defined as DispenseItem. It also called a submachine. A submachine is a state diagram that invoked as a part of another state diagram.

OR You can also draw this diagram

If a transition is from a substate within the composite state, any exit action for the substate is executed followed by any exit action for the enclosing composite state. A transition from the composite state may occur from any of the substates and takes precedence over any of the transitions for the current substate.

b. What is Concurrency? Explain following. Aggregation concurrency. Concurrency within an object. Ans. A concurrency is when two or more operations are performed simultaneously within a computer. These processes typically are independent of one another. The state model implicitly supports concurrency among objects. Objects are autonomous entities that change independently of one another. Aggregation concurrency. An assembly is a collection of state diagrams, its aggreagation is combined states of all the parts. Aggreagation is and-relationship. The aggreagate state is one state from the first diagram, and second from other diagram and so on.

Example:

A Car as an aggreagation of parts states. Concurrency within an Object Concurrency within the state of single object occurs when this object can be partitioned into subsets of attributes or links. Each have their own subdiagram. The state of the object include one state from each subdiagram. The UML show consurrency within an object by partitioning the composite state into dotted region. Define name of the composite state in a separate tab. Here a Car shows the different states like Ignition, Transmission, Accelerator and Brake. Each parts of the car undergoes transitions in parallel with all others. Car will start moving when when upshift from neutral to first.

Example-1: In the given example final state is decomposed into two concurrent substates, Hardware and Software test, separating them with dotted line. Each of these concurrent substates (test ports and test modules) decomposed into sequential substates. When control passes from installation state to final state it forks to two concurrent flows Hardware nad software test.

Example-2: Sometimes it is necessary to model several independent abstractions of attribute values. For example, an undergraduate students have to complete both final year project and core subjects before he/she can be graduate.

c. What do you mean by Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? What are the phases (stages) of it? Ans. A software development process (SDLC) provide a basis for production of software, using predefined techniques and notations. SDLC (Water Fall Model) can be represent given as below,

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Here developers first get the requirements, then follow the design phase with analysis and System design, Then prepare class design (coding) , then testing of application and at last deployment. Each phase must be complete before next phase is begun. This model works well only after completion of all stages successfully. Most of the organizations follow the waterfall approach when huge requirement of application is there.

Phases: System conception: Get an idea and gather requirements about an application . Analysis: It specify What must be done not how it should be done . Understanding of requirements by constructing a model. System Design:Define architecture, choose global strategies(planning) and principles for class design. Class-Design: Create real-world models for computer implementation. Define algorithms for operations. Implementaion: Translate the design into programming code and database structure. Testing: Check whether the developed application is able for actual use and satisfy the requirements. Training: Help users to learn this new application Deployment: Keep the application for use by general users. Maintenance: Provide solution of problems, Upgradation of application, improve performance etc..

d. Explain term Swimlanes with example. Ans. There are different departments are available in an organizations such as Sales, finance, marketing, purchase etc. When design of system completed, the activity will be assigned to each person. At complex level these activites will be partitioned among organizations. Activity diagram will be divide into columns and lines. Each column is called swimlane. Placing an activity into the swimlane indicates that it is performed by a person. Swimlane boundaries indicate interaction amongs different organozations. Here the example of an airoplane is given, The flight attendants must clean the trash, the ground crew must add fuel, and catering provide service for food and drink.

Activity Diagrams with swimlanes

Q-2: Draw State and Use Case diagram for Restaurant System

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State Diagram For Resturant

vacancy

Sitting in resturant
provide menu

no vacancy

Wait

decide order

Give order
wait for food

Eating

Ask for other order by waiter

Provide Bill

Pay bill and tip

exit

OR Q-2: Draw the use-case diagram for Hotel Information System. There are two types of customers: Tour-group customers and Individual customers. Both can book, cancel, check-in and check-out of a room by Phone or via the Internet. There are booking process clerk and reception staff who manages it. A customer can pay his bill by credit card or pay utility bill. Ans.
In this example, consider a simple hotel information system for two groups of customers: Tour Group customers and Individual customers. Tour Group customers are those who have made advanced reservations through a tour operator, while Individual customers make their reservations directly with the hotel. Both groups of customers can book, cancel, check-in and check-out of a room by phone or via the Internet. Based on these requirements, there are four observable services as use cases: Make Booking, Cancel Booking, Check-in a Room and Check-out a Room. Figure shows the use case model for this simple hotel information system.

Q-3: Write down Scenario and Draw Activity diagram for Stock Broker System. Ans. Scenario:
User Log-in. System establishes secure communication. System display portfolio information. User order for 200 shares of Elicon at the market price. System verifies sufficient funds for purchase. System displays confirmation screen with estimated cost. User confirms purchase. System places order on securities exchange. System displays transaction tracking number. User Logs-out. System establishes insecure communication. system displays Good Bye screen. Securities exchange reports results of trade.

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Activity Diagram:

OR Q-3: Prepare an activity diagram for computing a restaurant bill. There should be a charge for each delivered item. The total amount should be subject to tax and a service charge of 18% for groups of six of more. For smaller groups, there should be a blank entry for a gratuity according to the customers discretion. Any coupons or gift certificates submitted by the customer should be subtracted.

Q-4: Draw a sequence diagram for Railway Reservation System.

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Steps :

1.Train Inquiry 2. Issue ticket 3. Payment 4. Cancel

OR Q-4: Exaplain the use of include and extends relationships in use-case diagram? Draw the use- case diagram for Online Admission Process for Engineering Students in Gujarat. Ans. For include and extends relationships chapter-8 Online Admission Process