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The Article
in
Theocritus
BY
3
IN
2E>ts#matioit
!7Y
BALTIMORE
H.
FURST COMPANY
1907
http://www.archive.org/details/articleintheocriOOIeutrich
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page.
Bibliography
5
9
11
Preface
Introduction
A.
Substantive Article
i.
24
Demonstrative
Relative
24
30
31
31
ir.
B.
Adjective Article
1.
With
" " "
2. 3.
"
" "
previously mentioned
present to the
32
34 35 35 38 38
mind
4.
5. 0.
marked
With
possessive value
"
Oaths
" divinities
of peoples in the plural
45 47
47 47 48 48 48 48 48
statues
c.
Names
" " "
d.
e.
f.
"cities
"rivers..
g.
M
" " " "
" "
h.
i.
k.
1.
48
49
m.
n.
o.
"constellations
49 49 49
50 50
" winds
p.
r.
7.
The
generic article
substantivized words and phrases
50
53 53
54
8.
With
a.
Adjectives
Participles
b.
Table of Contents.
Adverbs
Prepositional phrases
Infinitives
c.
56
57
d.
e.
57 58
60
attributive adjectives
9.
With
appositive nouns
10.
With
the predicate
11.
12.
61
65 67
reflexive pronouns.
13.
14. 15.
In genitive combinations
With
possessives
70 73 73
74
With With
interrogatives
<S\Xos
16.
17. 18.
and
trepos
With ^Karros
With
With
e/carepos, #/a0w,
and
and
ap-cpbrepos ixeivos
...
74
74
77
77
adjectives
With
and 6\os
78 79
79
With numerals
With
superlatives
With comparatives
80
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1
,
Ed. 1900.
Berlin, 1877.
Krueger,
K.
W.,
Historisch-philologische
Studieri,
Vol.
n.
Berlin, 1851.
Leipzig, 1875-1894.
Madvig,
J. N.,
Monro, D.
B.,
Syntax of the Greek Language. London, 1873. Homeric Grammar. Oxford, 1891.
Berlin, 1862.
Homerischen Dialektes.
Pader-
Special
Ameis,
C.,
Article.
den griechischen
Bukolikern.
Museum xliv
(1889), 101
ff.
(Reviewed
Amer. Jour.
in
den Indogermani-
No.
vi.
Leipzig, 1904.
Dornseiffen,
cato.
De
articulo
in praedi-
Amsterdam, 1856.
5
Bibliography.
vom
Artikel.
xxxvm,
399
ff.
vom
articulus postposi-
Wehlau, 1882.
Homer.
Magdeburg, 1861.
Fuller, A. L.,
De
articuli
in
antiquis Graecis
comoediis
usu.
Leipzig, 1888.
Gildersleeve, B. L., Amer. Jour, of Phil., in various places as
cited below.
ff.
xl, 374
ff.
bei
Namen von
schen Prosa.
xlix, 515
in
ff.
n.
bei Flussnamen,
bei 7ra?,
Philol.
bei Gebirgsnamen.
ovtos,
iKeivos
Der Artikel
Jahresh. des
und
Herodot.
ft'.
Middleton, T. F.,
Article, etc.
4th ed.
by Rose.
J.
London, 1841.
dissertation, 1900.
H. U.
XL,
Iff.
Der
griechische Artikel.
ff.
xvn, 101
Schmidt,
C, De
articulo
in
scriptores pedestres.
Stein, R.,
Kiel, 1890.
De articuli apud Pindarum usu. Breslau, 1868. Uckermann, "W., Ueber den Artikel bei Eigennamen in den Komoedien des Aristophanes. Berlin, 1892. Volker, F., Syntax der griechischen Papyri, I. Der Artikel. Munster (Program) 1903.
Zucker, A., Beobachtuugen
bei
ueber den
Personen namen in
Xen options
Nuernberg,
1899.
Bibliography.
Editions of Theocritus.
Ahrens, H. L., Theocritus, Bion, Moschus.
Leipzig, 1855.
I.
Text, n. Scholia.
Theocritus, Bion,
Moschus
Leipzig,
1902.
Cholmeley, R.
etc.
J.,
The
Fritzsche,
Arm.,
Theocriti
Idyllia.
Editio
altera
parabilior.
Leipzig, 1870.
3.
ed.,
by Ed.
Hiller.
London, 1829.
Lang, A., Theocritus, Bion and Moschus.
prose.
Rendered
3.
into
English
London, 1901.
ed.,
Berlin,
Oxford, 1873.
Oxford.
Gotha, 1830.
Wuestemann, E.
Carmina.
3. ed.,
Tuebingen, 1879.
Miscellanies.
Hiller,
Ed.,
Beitraege
zur
Textgeschichte
der
griechischen
Bukoliker.
Leipzig, 1888.
Paris, 1898.
Rumpel,
J.,
Lexicon Theocriteum.
v.,
Leipzig, 1877.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U.
schen Bukoliker.
Ziegler, Chr., Codicis
Berlin, 1906.
Ambrosiani 222.
Tuebingen, 1867.
PREFACE.
The
found
as genuine
idylls,
and the nine epigrams accepted by both Ahrens and Fritzsche. In referring to the the numbering employed by most editors, as found in
is
Fritzsche,
found in Ahrens,
most
editors, is
given in brackets.
"),
was
The treatment
given does not aim at completeness, and only the more important
features are pointed out.
OF THE
OF
UNIVERSITY
THE ARTICLE
IN
THEOCRITUS.
Introduction.
Before proceeding to the examination of the article as
it is
used
by Theocritus, it will be well to consider briefly the leading facts of its origin, and the development of its various functions. The demonstrative origin of the Greek article is a well recognized
the Indo-European family, as
early
force
by comparison with other languages of by the literary monuments of the language, and the persistency with which the demonstrative
fact, attested as
well
its
history.
who
the
article
among
the
pronouns.
It
appears,
p. 1 1 7 f.)
The
first
use of a demonstrative seems to be to point to someactually present to the senses, a function called
'
by That is, the demonApollonius Dyscolus a Setf t? ttj? cn/reo>?. strative is local, and has relatively strong emphasis, which is augmented by actual gesture. Out of this function develops naturally the one whereby appeal is made, not directly to the senses, but to the intellect and mental experience, called by
thing that
is
2
Apollonius
(1.
c.)
is
SeZft?
rod
vov.
The
to
reference
is
then to
something that
mention.
known, or assumed
or,
previous experience
It
is
more immediately,
irepl
(rvpT&Zews n. 3.,
page 99.
9,
Bekker.
p. 15.
11
12
The
ava<f>opd,
Article in
Theocritus.
avaTroXrjcns.
The element of
actual gesture
is
lost,
and the pronoun depends for its emphasis on the position it occupies, and the tone in which it is uttered. It was in this avatpopd, its most common function, that the grammarians saw the
real nature of the article.
places,
especially
.
Synt.
6.
r)
"Eo'Tiv ovv
lSlov
dpOpov
7rpoao)7rov irapaaTaTLKT}.
another
is
put.
When two
its
demonstrative, by virtue of
power of
first.
may
be used at
an antecedent contained
relation, this connection of
in
the
Originally a paratactic
relation, in
first,
the
In
o?, etc.,
Where
it
there
is
is
sometimes
its
head,
is
article is
demonstrative or
its
relative.
power of
which
it
stands
regularly follows the clause containing the antecedent, and that the antecedent
is definite.
4
Apollonius Synt.
25. 26, etc.
2
i.
6.
p.
26 (Bekker),
cf. i.
p. 48,
11.
26-28,
ir.
3. p. 98, 11.
pp. 255
3
Cf.
kinds of
ttpotciktiicSv,
ff.
postpositive,
43, p. 85,
1.
12
(Bekker)).
in this (Eichhorst,
"Die Lehre des Apollonius D. vom modern grammar no longer considers the
Apollonius saw difficulty in cases where the relative precedes, with an indefinite
when
5s is
o.
it
an
article
but an &6pi<TT0P
p.bpiov.
(See Eichhorst,
c, page 5.)
13
its
Mere
Clear indications of
It
is
of reduction
also
still
are seen in
its
Homer.
attended
tho
in
by a decrease
of
pure
demonstrative
1
value,
Homer
article,
this
is
well preserved.
adjective
demonstratives, so
the
demonstratives,
the
demonstration, Setft?
tt)?
and
mental demonstration,
Setfi?
Between these
Setft?
rod vov
may be made an
in dvacpopd the
xv.
63).
We
Greek
article.
What Apollonius included under from his own words, Synt. I, 6, p. 2G,
dpOpov
rj
14
ff
(Bekker).
:
There
l
dva<f>opd,
he continues
'
'
Avafa'perat, 8e
rd 6vop,ara
. . .
(1)
(2)
rjroi fear
t)
i^o^rjv, [our
piovaSLtcrjv
par excellence/
6
koX Kara
k.tt\o~iv.
yap
ravra
eVcu^cre,
ravra
icai icar
avro
by Krueger
:
in his
gram-
mar,
1,
50. 2. 3.
einem bevorschwebenden
iiblicher
Weise zukommend
The
essential difference
cases to
mark an
object as definite
article and the real Attic had become customary or obligatory in certain and known. In this sense the use of the adjec-
Homer.
1.
Cf. Apollonius,
page 71,
28
f.
14
Synt.
'MovaSi/cal ovcrau at
KTrjcrei*;
to
dpdpov
Compare
Milden,
9, to
u Limitations of
a similar intent.
the
But
Apol-
is
clear,
a comparison
lonius
is
by Krueger,
that
nouns accom-
panied
by possessives or genitives of personal pronouns (or nouns), and means to show that the articular noun in such
its
kind
8ov\6<?
6 8ov\6<; a-ov,
your
is
only slave.
More
to
may
be
As
is
a matter of fact,
is
what we
of the article
discovered,
in
for
known.
The
generic article
it
is
no exception,
for
it
2
picks out an
stand as typical of
its class.
The
ancient
3
says,
6 heLTrvr}<ras
cnWafi? yiverai rod dpdpov \ in cases, namely, irah /coifidcrda) ", and adds that the Stoics
article.
like
also
What marks
the difference
is that,
while
The use of
As
"Problems,
etc.", p. 122.
I.
3 5
Synt.
i,
34, p. 68 (Bekker).
c.
15
ff
(Bekker).
UNIV
The
15
Article in
Theocritus.
common
to
usage, and with these only he admitted the use of the adjective
article.
article
as a
pronoun
attributive.
is
used to distinguish
and
But the
as well as generic
logically equivalent.
It
Greek
a few
We
the
position of Theocritus.
The
substautive article has the widest range and the freest use
in the epic of
Homer.
In the
14 to
Iliad,
we
2 are told,
o,
rj,
to
is
used
as a demonstrative pronoun
times, or in the ratio of
3000
1
;
218
and
in the
preposi-
article
between
Homer and
Attic
prose.
Under
the
constantly
degrading
and more
article,
was reduced
in Attic to
the
On
tho rare in
Homer and
Hesiod, had
4
won
a secure foothold
that the later
and contained at
In Hesiod
p.
Theon Progymnasmata-Spengel Khetores Graeci, n, 83. Stummer, "Ueber den Gebrauch des Artikels bei Homer," Miinnerstadt, 1886, 56 quoted by Vogrinz, p. 198. 3 4 Bernhardy, p. 312. Kuehner, 458. 1.
Cf.
1G
The
Article in Theocritus.
Homeric
seem
1
use,
we
find
it
in Attic
is
Late epic
to the
article.
We
line.
is
When we come
to
we
The
life,
it
article is a rare
usually
lies
close at hand.
In the
little
lyrical
portions of tragedy
in dialogue it
article is
far
less
frequent
than
in
Attic
Late dithyrambic
excess,
writers
Telestes
carried
it
and
in
Comic
Not only
in
is
but the fragments of Epicharmus indicate the same for the old
Dorian comedy.
lyric
But even
comedy the
heroic.
differences between
of parody,
and mock
In prose,
its
it
need
highest develop-
ment and
who wrote
in Ionic,
we
find
is
if it
does not
When we
by a studied imitation of This imitation was earlier models, especially the epic of Homer. extended to departments not strictly epic, and is shown by the That revival of archaisms in form, vocabulary and syntax.
Alexandrian literature
is
characterized
Kuehner,
I.
c.
ci,
and
Stein's dissertation.
3
See table,
p. 19.
17
to
be expected.
idylls, it
must
fresh
own
suffer
The language of
these
true, is far
is to
fact for
which allowance
K. O. Muller's statement
Dorian dialect
In the epic
This
epic.
imitation
Any
must
and
The
differences between
and penetrate the metrical form as well and syntax. Karl Kunst 3 showed the differences obtaining between the Doric and the epic idylls in the
treatment of the hexameter.
It needs only a glance at the tables
how
is
two groups of
idylls so
concerned. 4
It
is
There may
p. 504.
of Aeolic
poems stands
i,
p. 1
is
vm,
116.
made
narrower
Kunst did for metrical study, since no sharp lines can be drawn between the two classes of poems in the treatment of the article. It
may
be noted, however, that the mimetic pieces, n, xiv, XV, xx, xxi,
Idyl xviii, which
xxvn,
for con-
Kunst puts
Edyllia mimica,' stands because of its dialect at the end of the Doric group in the table, but represents a different type of poetry from the other Doric pieces, while Id. xn, Ionic lyric, belongs dialectically to the epic group,
'
where Kunst
also puts
it.
IS
be
required,
The
because
Article in Theocritus.
of
the
form
of
the
character of the
may
which the form of the thought and the character of the nouns
ordinarily require the article.
That
is
to say, the
frequency or
may
thought
expressed.
Nevertheless, masses
from
show the
on the Greek
All the available figures that have been found are incor-
we
For the dramatic poets and by Fuller, which have personal count. For Homer the
1
by Stummer
as cited
by Vogrinz
(p.
From
drawn
tables
in
Theocritus.
The
Doric
show a
to
them
that
closer to Aristophanes.
It
is
be
remembered,
however,
in
the
case
of
the
made between
lyric
on the one
differences
same
may be
Comparison
in
Herondas
indeed
the
are not as
It
uo such
differences
Theocritus,
as
elements that go to
make up
the
mimes of Herondas
may
be
assumed then, that these two writers (Theocritus in the Doric idylls)
cannot be far apart in the use of the
of Theocritean idylls
follows the lines of
article.
For the
epic
group
we may
Diss. ? p. 117.
The Article in
Tlieocritus.
19
Table Showing the Frequency of the Article and the Comparative Frequency of Articular and Anarthrous Nouns. 1
's
73
*.
Doric
Idylls
tJOC
be
*<
u
13
c"J5
11 3*
go
>
11
<
142 139 29 24 93 36 190 91 59 37 70 54 119
9
1
194 202 54
61
u
a)
*.G
ii
in
IV
V
VI
VII VIII
IX
X
XI
14
6
3 10 8 3 5 3
1
2 2 2
1
2
4
1
80 84 42 57 124 29
52 64 6 52 38 24 76 6 19
4
1
XIV
XV
XIX
70 149
8
XX
XXI
XXIII
XXVII
XVIII Total-
45 67 63 70 58 1586
75 109 138 223 138 281 38 1002 37 25 40 32 97
5 54
2 2 2
3
1
2 4
1
54 43 24
10 884
66
3 5 12 25 9 37 3 94
2
2 32
.526 .506 .777 .904 .826 .630 .331 .688 .166 .896 .469 .342 .510 .75 .422 .805 .682 .342 .172 .557
52 63 25 37 83 19 34 54 6 37 27 12 48
5
49 69 66 77 79 1432
10 52 33 16
4 617
8 4
1
27.8
18.1
Epic
XII
XVI
XVII XXII
xx rv XXV
XXVI
Total..
1
1
20
6 6 12 8
.26
12
2 2 3 3
14
11
77
11
7.4 2.5
.5 .8
3 5
8 2
2.3
2.
4.6
2.1
31
Ion.Lyr.
XII
.054
2
1 1
42 37 25 24 86
9
3
2 6 13 21
1
45 39
31
6.6
Aeolic
XXVIII
2 5 7
1
1
XXIX
.05
XXX
Total..
.156 .072
.20 .018
14 17 36
1
5.1
37 107
10 62
BereNIKE
Epigr.
38
.20 .703
40
22
35.4
^n
the statistics for articular and anarthrous nouns (columns 8-11), proper
20
The
Article in
Theocritus.
43
<1>
>
03
Homer.
-3
jg
CO CD
<D
CD
fcJDc
CD
S3 1<
3
ID
*J
CD
Iliad.
Odyssey.
15693 12110
3000 2178
.191 .171
218
171
.013 .014
A
ve
*2~
irstl
a>
JJ =&- K
uller
CD h-1
T3
*-<
te
<j
* F*
?5
230 484 230 375 810
.206 .316 .162 .250 .527
3!=a
Aeschylus.
Prom. Vine.
Oed. Tyr.
Sophocles.
Theocritus*
n
{l^]ll
'
Herondas.*
Mime.
Number
Lines.
Adj.
Articles.
Average
per
Line.
ii
in
IV
V
VI
VII
Total.
48 70 73 64 47 57
70
429
The
Article in
Theocritus.
21
idylls the table
This
is
especially
noticeable
in
the
At one
pole
la
'
and corrupt ix, with an average of only .166. Or, to take a more legitimate example than ix, Id. vn, the regina eclogarum
'
as
Heiusius called
it,
of which large
portions
are
lyric
and
descriptive,
shows
an
average of
.361
per
line.
Id.
xviii
same
dialect, is so essentially
itself.
different
In
it
Between these extremes of the Doric group the tables show variety
and gradation.
We
will return
below
to a consideration of
some
To
it
xin
T\a?), however,
is
to
be noted
that twelve of the twenty adjective articles in the idyl are found
in the introductory verses (1-15), addressed to the poet's friend
Nikias
(at
an average of
.8
per
line),
).
rj
Ba/c^at),
were, contain
terrible
punishment
will
is
omitted.
In the
statistics
last
four
columns
of
the
table
(p.
19)
are
given
The
22
both counts proper nouns, and from the latter predicates and
vocatives).
The same
statistics.
objections
must be admitted
above
in the case of
these figures
as those mentioned
in connection
with the
preceding
We
them approxi-
In
this discussion
that,
we may
normal.
remark
Homeric
A few
is
result.
Among
xxx
shows any
The
others stand
In the Doric poems, on the other hand, in accordance with what has already been said, the omissions of the article are far less numerous and varied. They are not confined to the cases where Attic prose may omit the article, nor, on the other hand, do they seem to be as extensive as in the tragic poets and perhaps
even in Aristophanes, certainly far
less
extensive than in
Homer,
to indicate
no great difference between Theocritus and the author 23 f.) says simply that the
article is
of the mimes.
Ameis
(p.
omitted with
great freedom
in the case of
common nouns
unattended by attributives.
He
the
gives a
list
containing nearly
epigrams of Theocritus
be complete.
and
list is
He makes
and Doric
from epic
idylls,
idylls. In a second list of examples (also incomplete and apparently chosen at random) of cases where the article is omitted with nouns accompanied by attributives, Ameis includes But here again no less seventy-six examples from Theocritus. While it is true, of than fifty-one are citations from epic idylls.
makes use of
and
lists
omits
simple
and
figures
23
of the omissions
Many
is,
What
is
to
be noted here
to
into
the
cases
influence of metre
to
have
and so have
Within individual
Idyl
idylls
article.
may
serve as an example.
this
poem
45 lines) the article (11. 1-28, 57-63, 143-152 most freely (1 .0(3 per line) and omissions with nouns of
Contrasted with
this,
(11.
is
used
definite
line,
with a corresponding
definite reference).
nouns of
Commentators have long noticed the epic coloring shown in epic forms, words and expressions, and
of the substantive
article.
The
is
gS&j
(11.
Its tone
dialogue,
The
in this
idylls
xvm,
An
V, VI,
vn, viii, x) proves, that the song portions of the Doric idylls show no characteristic treatment of the article, different from other
parts of the poems.
Just so Legrand
(p.
24
The
Article in
Theocritus.
is
treated in the
same way
425).
For
(p.
Id. ii
may be
moon
there
is
But
in the
cited
In
by Legrand
girl in Id.
(/.
c.)
xxvn,
marked freedom in the omission of the article especially with names of parts of the body, nouns of relationship, and nouns accompanied by possessives or genitives of personal pronouns. For Id. ix we may note great unevenness in the use of the article. Introduction (1-6), Menalkas' song (15-21), and narrative (14, 22-27) lack the article the concluding address to the Muses (28a
;
38) has but one article (32) ; while the remaining five articles of the piece, all generic, are found in the seven lines of Daphnis'
song (7-13).
been
purpose.
We
The
article
as a demonstrative pronoun.
is
The
use of the
article as a
demonstrative pronoun
common
to
cases
that
are
peculiar
the
The
show a
much
25
It is
to
adjective articles
1.
is
unaccompanied by a
particle.
the least
it
in Theocritus, as
is
in
common use of the substantive article Homer and the Attic poets. Fifteen
in epic idylls.
them
It
is
(i,
xxv, 129) it is used with a preposition. In all cases save xvi, 40 the article stands in the thesis of the foot, and in eight at the I, 29, 37, head of the line. The occurrences are the following xvn, ix, (twice); xvi, vn, 103; 85; 33; 40; 60, 91; vi, 43 xxn, 53, 161, 195; xxv, 129, 278. The dative of the substantive article, unsupported by a particle
:
is
occasionally used
;
28, 38
xxv, 186
all
an adverb. 3 So, tw, "therefore,'' xvn, " turn," xxix, 11 ; tt}, "there," xxv, ra
as
159.
One
xxix, and
2.
The substantive
accompanied by a
particle.
This
is
far the
commoner use of
Srj,
Most frequently
fiev,
yap,
A
.
use, characteristic as
it is
common,
a\a>7re/ce?,
is
clause of o fiev
and
8e,
o Be:
I,
48 Sv
.,
a B\ Here
a uev
word signifying
73,
cf.
the whole
Ameis,
p. 9), as in
Od. 18.95.
12, the
found in a Skolion
u?
/xev e^et
fjuev
p. 20.
2 4
Ameis,
p. 9.
Smyth,
Greek Melic
26 where the
The
lirst line is
Article in
Theocritus.
Dorian (Smyth).
that in
An
:
Id xxu, 112
I
IBpwn avvL^avov,
i/c
I
fieydXov Be
aTyjr
0X4709
j ever avBpos
Xpoty Be
S' alel
irdcraova yvla
t' afielvco.
Instead of
a shift
u but
o fiev
6 Be in
balanced clauses
;
v,
94
VI, 2,
43
xi, 58
. .
.
xv, 128
some,"
.
49
we find xxx, 4.
fiev
o Be:
xvn, 30
.
.
"part
part,"
In place of either
a noun
fiev or
:
may
6
be used
rj
fiev
.
.
o? Be
xxvn,
138.
68.
to> fiev
. .
Be XXII, IX, 4.
XII, 13.
182.
/juev
. .
.
fiev
iya>
Be
II,
0$ fiev
. .
.
epXv Be
avrap
.
6 fxev
ff.
rbv
fiev
.
B*
.
erepov
.
fiev
aWbs
. .
.
Be
XXV, 102
xxvi,
apes
a Be
XIV, 20.
nev0ev?
fiev
at Be
16.
is
first
6 Be, o2 6Y,
etc.,
without
a preceding
This
by no means
is
limited to the
epic
As
in
Attic, the
article here
regularly
marks a
change of subject.
in Attic,
Theocritus.
The
I,
ov
cf>pevb<;
airTerai aura?
ra Be
refers to the
rivalries of the
two
The
neuter plural
referring
to
the
general context of an
is
. .
immediately preceding
sentence or clause
181.
1,
37. ot 8'
.
I
11.
102. a
all
the
preceding
line.
In
27
is,
an oblique
IX,
;
case,
or
clearly
;
implied:
;
VI,
10,
15,
;
26;
53
VII,
;
128, 156;
XI, 13
xnr, 47, 70
xv, 57
;
xvi, 8
;
xvn,
32, 62, 63
27; xix,
xxm,
xxiv, 12,
no certain example
61
is
in Theocritus
A
is
possible case
iroiel.
is II,
e/c
Ovecov BeBerai
Be
/Jbev
Xoyov ovBeva
reading
But
BeBeficu
and
if this
retained, o Be
is,
marks a new
The
In two instances,
in dialogue,
command
and
so subject of
an imperative
or in the nominative
by
o Be
v.
The
a corresponding 6
to refer to persons
or things previously
The antecedent
:
is
n, 48
vi,
20
vn,
27,
90
vm,
to
xxn, 88
xxm,
59 xxv, 1, 42, 51, 68, 126, 235. In three instances an oblique case of 8 Be refers
:
an antecedent
T Kal
RvBd/U7T7rov lovras
tois
eki'xpvcroLO yeveids.
fjLe'ya
(in
Iphikles)
(sc.
tow
.
B
.
e\a/3' vttvos.
.
XXIV, xxvi,
10.
.
|
B*
irdpage
Avtovoo)
1
opyia Bd/c%(o,
ra
8'
ov% opeovri
/3e/3rj\oc.
relative sentences
Homer and
an
2
the
subordinate
clause (also
in
oblique cases
).
mss. t&
5'.
but Fritzsche
to
vn. 59
correctly
notes
cet."
2
"nunquam
videlicet Theocritus dixit toLtc, ralre, r&re cet. pro olVe, atre
1, 11,
II.
xi, 409.
28
The
Article in
Theocritus.
also be
cited for
|
Theocritus in
the following
yadevaau
17, KOI
rj
(sc.
fJL6V
Molaai),
(TV
row
'
7TOTft>
XXIX,
evdv<;
pedos
Be
is
alveaaij
tw
8'
rnrXeov
rpieTr}?
The
kcli
In n,
24
fju
(where
tcLS' is
preferred
by
some
editors),
ra 8e
may
under 2
I, 35, discussed above you had received me, that had been dear to me." Compare the scholiast ad loc. /cal ravra civ /caXw? el^ev (vf ^,v)
b.)
"
if
JL
>
and
rjv
av tovto irpocrfyikh}
the relative conditional clause follows the
is
When
the case
main
clause,
ice
slightly different, as in
xvn, 74
6 8' eifoxos, ov
fyCkriar) (sc.
c.
Zeu?) yetvofxevov
tcl
irp&ra.
8e,
o'i
without a corresponding o
8e9
etc.,
in
the
nominative
is
case
mentioned and
same or of another
particles
The nominative
is
namely
;
&?.
in Theocritus:
;
I, 138; vn, 90; xx, 17; xxi, 46; xxv, 45, 223 xxvi, 3 xxvn, 66. The oblique cases of o fiev so used, with one exception (xxi, 58),
Of
In most
the
demonstrative refers
to
The occurrences may simply be noted. They are, xxi, 58; xxn, 102,131, 1,57; ix, 22; xn, 25; xvn, 36 196; xxv, 73, 92, 138, 145, 204, 250, 262. Tap The The substantive article with other particles. d. substantive article with yap, frequent in Homer, found occasionsentence.
;
:
cited
:
even for
xvn, 4
to
This is a more natural interpretation than that of Fritzsche who refers tA 5^ " Amici quasi dicas vernacule 'das Volkchen' (those good fellows) V. 119." 3 2 Krueger, n, 50, 1, 2, See commentators to Thuc., i, 69, 2 vi, 36, 2.
1
. . .
.
The
Article in
Theocritus.
29
At;
xxv,
e.
5, 44,
to
877,
VII, 29.
Avrdp
article
avrap
o,
xxii, 105
XXV, 232.
to
The
in
as a substantive antecedent
relative clause is
it
found
In Attic prose
occurs
with some
Even
in epic
from epic
tq) /lev
idylls:
&)
valovaiv.
XXII,
fie
182,
...
yeverj irpofyepeaicov.
XXV, 193,
i/c
to fxev ottc
irpoiTOv avrjpev.
In
o5
VII, 94,
aXka
to y
<sc. Si8ai;av^>,
Toy or t68\
tv yepaipeiv apgevp,
is
<at>,
his own words and The relative clause takes the Compare Plato, Euthyd. 291 a.
The noun
It
to
which
fiev
or o 8e refers
may
be
added in
remains
apposition.
interval.
is
by a considerable
Homer and
the
Callimachus.
everyday
life
and, hence,
more frequent
and
most
In Homer
is
it is
found also
mostly in
in all save
The occurrences
111,
in Theocritus,
and
;
three instances to
he
44
xin, 17
xvn, 71
;
xxn,
27, 76,
153.
xxiv, 26, 51 xxv, 86, 148, In most cases the noun referred to by the article is clear
An
iv
/jlo-o-g)
yefrcov
ireXev a 8e
avTav
OaXaaaa. 4
The
x
indefiniteness of
oY,
and
its
Krueger,
I, 5,
ir,
50, 2, 5,
and
1,
50,
1,
20.
Cf.
A,
2
8.
Foerstemann, page
the Aldine ed.
6.
6.
is
tt&vtt] of
30
no
difficulty.
1
The
Article in
Theocritus.
to a
Greek.
ii.
The
article as
pronoun.
The
article as relative
pronouus
That
its
use in this
evidenced
in the
The usage was continued modern Greek. 3 In old Ionic it was frequent, but o? and 01 are more common than 6 and to/. 4 It was common also in Aeolic, Doric, and Neoionic. Herodotus so uses
by
its
/coivrj
t,
and with
tj?
tho
Homer shows
6Vt?,
offer
use
is
freely imitated,
and
of the relative
more common.
article is in general restricted in
Theocases
Homer, 6
Two
I,
Homer where
140).
7
125,
Od.
iv,
349
(= xvn,
forms of the
With one
possible
exception (xv, 86), only forms with initial t are used as relatives
by Theocritus. The antecedent is indefinite in but one instance XXIX, 3, KTJyco fih ra cfrpe'vcov ipe'co /cear iv pvyuf. The article
as relative, with
definite,
preceding antecedent
is
found
as
follows:
i,
8, 11,
93;
47,
VII,
1.
53; xin, 57; xiv, 34; xv, 86, o Tpt^iXrjro^ "A6Wj? o 'Kxepovn faXeirai, 8 117; xvi, 102; XVII, 5, 128; xvin,
1
25,
Cf. Pindar, O,
,
Meisterhans 2 123,
xi (x), 19, and Gildersleeve, ad loc. " Syntax d. gr. Papyri," cf. Volker
;
i,
p. 6.
3 5 8
Brugmann, 642.
Krueger, n, 25,
5.4.
6
Monro, 262.
7
Monro, 262.
Brugmann, 642,
(For
.
.
p. 550.
in
The only example of a form without initial t used Homer, cf. Krueger, n, 15, 1, 2). For the vulg. 8
MS. p.
. .
as relative.
.
this use
0i\etrai,
Ahrens wrote
6s after 6
.
<Pi\t)t6s,
in
some minor
mss.,
Theocritus
may have
The
37; xxi, 38, 62
4,
Article in
Theocritus.
31 58
29
(?),
55,
2,
183
34,
(?)
xxm,
9, 43, 46,
xxvm,
XXIV, 10
5.
With
From
article, it is clear
names of
was
still
When
the article
its
With
the
uses
1
was
can
The Alexandrian
poets,
we
If this
In Attic and
its
when
its
use
than any of
This
is
true of our
own
definite article
and that of modern German and German use the article in this way
It
to
with far
less
stronger demonstratives.
into
" present to the mind," etc., is merely convenient categorization, and does not imply that there was to a Greek any difference in meaning between the article in one case and in another. Among the examples to be cited under the present category there are
comparatively few where the simple article in English will not
article.
For
instance,
when Battos
(Id. IV,
1) asks Corydon,
is
by
no means equivalent
to aihe or avrat.
32
at as was intended.
The
Article in
Theocritus.
Similarly, Id.
I,
2, ttotI rais
ira^alcri is
not
" by yonder spring," or " by this spring/' but simply " by the
spring," the one, namely, in the landscape before us and the only
one at
laid
this
moment
of special interest.
Where emphasis
is
is
actually
upon the
much
(in,
38; IV,
51), relSe
(i,
21
XXVII, 10,
noun
where
immediate vicinity
13, 23
v. 63, 101).
In some
69,
xxn,
Amycus
The
following cases of
have been
13, 21,
xxn,
1,
i,
1, 2, 8,
44
45
v, 3,
24 (two,
tov
13
48,
;
v/3otov &fiv6v), 32, 47, 48, 49, 1 63, 75, 78, 99,
100 (ra?
11,
viii,
kotivov), 101,
102 (ras
;
Spvos),
110 (tov
(to
138
vil,
43
vin,
!
;VI,
27 (two), 44
14, 27
3
(%<w wotynqv
vdfia),
2
= iyco
81, 89,
cf.
xxn, 69);xv,
o-ocj)Q)Tpov
Xpnpa
2.
Epigram,
With
line
I, (i), 1,
65,
145
(to
10, 12,
57;
2.
IV,
I,
(top TpiiroSa)
(xxi),
categories
By
is
tov
vov
is
mental presence
1
is
either
due to the
11.
45-47.
vdw,
2
11
"sewing."
Na/m from
liquid matter,"
common
in the
xxm,
61
it is
8 T6 XPVP- ; in the speech of the Syracusan woman refers to the singer of the Adonis song. The line is doubtful, but this reading and the interpretation of Fritzsche seems most reasonable. See for a discussion of the line, Legrand, p. 308.
The
Article in
Theocritus.
33
and
is
it is
due more
That Apollonius uses the term avafyopd in its is clear not only from his
narrower sense, as a
will take
recall
We
this
up
first
The
article
was used
for
this article
and
later
Greek
it is to be noted that no small number of the examples to be cited here are found in epic idylls, and a large proportion of the others occur in narrative
passages.
I,
41, 6 Trpecrfivs,
i.
e.
1.
39,
50,
; n,
36, 72,
159;iv,
22
(6 Safios, the
dcme of
52 a w6pTi^\
v, 24, 30,
149; vir, 34, 42, 128 ; vm, 28 (two), 29 (two), 84, 88;xi, 17; xm, 14, 46, 59; xv, 129 (o
"AScovk,
1.
1.
/cevTa<T<re,
1.);
:
XXI, 4
128),
148;
sleep
xix, 5 (rav
he does
oSvvav, implied
iwifjiiKTorycn
" the
little
i.
snatch."),
14
(rots
aXievo-cv), 20,
26
(o Katpos,
e.
57,
"some
gold," and
tq>
XP V<T <?
again,
1.
60, with
2 5. Synt, p. 26, 12. Ostermann [Jahnii Ann. 1. c] notes, "jener Greis, wie der Artikel oft bei den Alexandrinern demonstrative Bedeutung hat." This note is quoted (ad loc.) by Fritzsche, and Hiller refers to Krueger, n, 50, 3, 4, where the Homeric use of the article in such cases is referred to. As a matter of fact Attic Greek would have nothing else here but 6 irptafivs, and it is scarcely conceivable that an Alexandrian should interpret the article here differently from an Attic writer. The mere fact that epic influence can be seen in the present passage is not sufficient to force an Homeric emphasis upon the article.
Synt., p. 29,
To
this
6 (rrpaTubras of
xiv, 56
is
pointless, unless
he
34
The
Article in
Theocritus.
dream
xxin,
in
TroXvfaXrpos,
rjparo,
1, cfriXeovTa,
3,
tov
"E/og)t<z,
1,
1.
4), 11,
6eov,
58),
63.
84;
xxvn,
2,
5 (to fylXaiia).
Epigram
is,
seven
1,
51,
(xiii), 1.
6eov).
3.
With
objects present
to
the
mind, that
that are
referred to simply as
known,
either
Here the anaphoric power of the article has its widest scope. Minute analysis of this type of anaphora into subsidiary categories would be unprofitable. It is sufficient and
general report.
approximately alike. 1
are
set
doion as
known or
known and
Under
:
mentioned or implied
the so-called
of these three
They
6,
Kcopa
ii,
Priapus
Se
pretends to
know
her),
105
152;
4 (two), 29 (two), 40, 43 (two) ;iv, 4 (two), ,35, yvval^), 37, 58, 61 ;V, 12 (rav alya), 42, 97, 123 VII, 67, VI, 45; (rav KV/cXdfiivov), 133 (rav <j)daaav), 135; 8' oXoXvycov), 145 a vScop, TeTTiyes, rol (to ff. 136 78,
74;in,
36 (ral
is
(rol op-raices)
VIII,
87;
x,
55;
;
XI, 12;
which Hylas
3 usually pictured),
16;xv,
7, 24,
37
(rofr 8>
epyoi^),
vvov, quoting a
proverb or custom), 98
;
43 (two), 52, 63, 77 (rav xxi, 31 (rav xix, 8 Epigram, xxx, 29 xxix, 37
;
See Krueger,
i,
50, 2, 4.
past,
and now
Theocritus
Textg., p. 175,
a picture of the boy in mind. and Naber, Mnem. xxxiv, (1906), p. 169.
Wilamowitz,
The
VI (xx),
6.
Article in
Theocritus.
is
used with
a.
noun
whose identity
first
The
point
and
to follow.
1
(pvXdcraa)
40;
xxn,
.
64;
xxni,
.
58;
xxv,
The
re
;
IV, 28,
211.
:
Once we
6
find
.
the
.
article
/nerpelv
xvi, 60,
po^Oo?
vl^eiv
irapeXOelv.
article is
1.
"A
<fxovd
(fycovd is
Awpios
%(ovr]p
tclv
evpcbv 'E7rt%a/0fio?.
defined only
when we
etc.
Tho
category, as
was
said above,
is
convenience.
II, 1
,
The same
implement
begin
;
charm
in the
mystic
rite
about to
86,
rites.
85).
vin, 17
XI,
to
fF.
xiv, 52, to
xxn,
oo
64, 6
(jllo-Oos,
xxni,
24, to
Xa^o? may be looked upon as an appositive to to c^dp/xaKov; 38, ftpaxy fcXavaov, e7rto-7retcra? 8e to Bd/cpv. Fritzsche aptly compares
Horace, Od. n,
6,
23
but
Lang
"weep
a little; and
when thou
value.
hast
made
this libation of
thy tears."
5.
The
to
article with
possessive
article
seems
have belonged
and
if
some of the
it
replaced by conjecture
seems
Krueger,
i,
50, 2, 7.
See Vogrinz,
p. 194.
36
impossible to deny
The
it
Article in Theocritus.
to
Homer
altogether.
Here, as in other
own
definite article
is
may
unduly
seen,
emphasized.
as
we have
made no
from
2
really belongs,
namely
avacfropd.
The
definite article in
We
<
fie
may me by
when
no
perfectly intelligible
fails
Ill,
us
we
Pa
(^-
xv
>
66),
and we resort
the article
to the possessive.
Even
it
the
Greek
When
is
is
directly indicated in
the
No
from epic
idylls.
In the other
body,
articles
idylls,
appears freely in
of
the
this function,
names of parts
of
relationship.
of
dress,
and
nouns
article
With
parts
of the
in thirty-nine (39)
which
twenty-one (21) are prepositional phrases, and a number of others formulae like irocral %opevo-ai, TroBas eX/cet?, %etpo? e^ayjrafie'va.
It
may
is
rare
in narrative portions.
for here there
a.
is
least
danger of ambiguity.
With parts of the body : afi<\>r}v (Aeol. yao-Trjp xxi, 41 yeveiov VI, 36, XX, 8
;
= civxv v
;
xxx, 28
yews XXIX, 33
XX, 24
5
;
/ce(j>d\Ti
34
/cporacjios XI,
fierooirov
fiveXos
See Foerstemann,
p. 28.
2 4
Compare above,
Cf.
Introd.
1.
See Volker,
(ifiol) Xevicbv
o. c., p. 7,
and footnote
<?7r'
5.
Foerstemann,
c.
rb fitrcoTrov
tion
we
but t6
(rrdfia,
and again
k ctoh&twp, (pupa.
37
IV,
xxx, 21
bhovs vi, 37
viii,
ofi/xa v,
36
6w%
;
54;
crrrXd iv,
36; oS<%>
xxiii, 13
;
TrapavaXXX, 5
XX, 26
xv, 66
(v.
;
1.
(<B?) v, 133 ;wj>0a\/juk xi, 53; Trpoacoirov II, 140 XX, 12; XXX, 3 (?) o-To/ia I, 146 viii, 82; xi, 9, 56 TTcoyoyv x, 40 teal o-TOfia); XXI, 57 o-cfrvpov iv, 51 %t/> x, 55
69; ofc
(?);
7rou?
xxi,
9,
48
xxvn,
18.
The
here: tv 8
II,
y
may
best be treated
the sense of
. .
"mind"
yv(bfjiav
;
&
;
%eve
epeiSe
rav
;
I8ea
voos,
XXX, 14;
xxi, 32.
2
83
poppet
xx,
3
;
14
xxiii,
I,
2
;
fcdWos
irvev^a
o-Qivos
;
44
779071-09,
;
" x, 37
xi,
xxiii, 2
cfrprjv
;
n, 19
;
XI, 72;
x, 37
i/rin^a
52
xv,
4,
37
xxiii, 55
xxvn,
;
61.
:
b.
As with
;
II,
53,
156
c.
in, 25
xxvn,
54.
is
Where
the reference
clear
the article
may be
omitted.
the value
In Theocritus Attic
the
usage
is
generally followed.
possessive article
idylls.
similarly "Wuestemann
)
and
:
Hartung.
renders
"iam animum
stand
it
ut
somnum
epei.de, it is
For the possessive article similarly used after an imperative, with reference to the subject compare x, 55 xv, 21, 66 xxvn, 18. In two cases, in, 3, and viii, 63, where the reference is
"your."
;
;
is
no ambiguity,
ed
yap av
eiK<iais
' '
Kara rbv
vbov.
Whatever the
the
mind "
is else-
where anarthrous with or without a possessive pronoun. 3 KbeV a <po}va ras irbprtos, a80 rb 7rvevp.a. The presence
'
and
its
own
is
"her breath."
irvev/xa,
l
Fritzsche's objection to
to be applied
He
8.
interprets rb
ras dXefidro}
\pvxa.s.
note
1,
m,
A.
Kuehner,
462, d.
38
sense
is
;
fidrn p iy, 9;
;
vm,
xix, 7
vui, 20
re/cwv
substantivized and
was
xv, 47.
Here
we may put
X<tsvr)p
also heairoTn^ v,
10 and SovXa
II,
94.
In xv, 148
is
not "
my
to Ato/cXet'Sa?,
"that man."
Outside the sphere of words above enumerated, Theocritus
free in the use of the article with possessive value.
is
The
is
identity
of the possessor
is
Cases occur,
not directly
in dialogue,
This
is
the
more common
because the reference was at once clear to the listener, and the
possessor need not be indicated to
listed.
The
i,
14,
28
v, 28,
;
vn,
vm,
x, 2
34
xn,
xxi,
"its
14
(twice),
27,
33,
67
3
;
130; xx, 28, 40, 42, 44; xxni, 13, 18 {rav ^Xidv,
;
xxvn,
33, 37
4
;
xxviii, 23.
6.
The
article with
proper names,
a.
Few
difficulty
of persons.
Impor-
7rcus
rq.
K&\iri5i.
'
my
:
girl.
'
'
So Fritzsche, noting
t
<rov
' : '
alii
icdXindi is
Cf. schol.
ras tcaXas
a?7as.
x/>u<ro?0-ti> ovetpoLs.
Kal
16)
kclLtoi.
Hermann
and
so Fritzsche
and Hiller.
4
The
' \
with anaphora,
'
rd
the present
best taken
The reference of t& is ambiguous. With "iny flocks," with *a\d adverbial as in 1. 47.
39
free
employment.
effect
by Professor Gildersleeve in the American Journal of Philology, xi, 483 ff. The facts to be noted are the following. We know that classical Greek poetry outside of comedy had little use for the articular proper name. It is
stated in their general
excluded from
in
Homer and
In tragedy
was led
is
to
deny
its
use
in that department.
In Aristophanes there
by no means
rare.
He
is
followed by the
The meaning of
can be nothing
is to
else,
name
The home of
its
name
is
familiar language,
is
and
tone, therefore,
where
it is
freely used,
familiar.
The mere
Greek
is itself
an indication of
to be
In Theocritus
epic (Ionic),
it is
ff.,
Thucydides
(see A. J. P.
for
541)
C.
M. xliv,
Iff.
(see
A.
J. P. xi, 107),
Demosthenes
Schmidt, "
De
i, Philol. xlix (N. F. hi) 1890, 515 ff., Landern, Stadten und Meeren in der griechischen Prosa," n, Berlin Program 1891, "Der Artikel bei i, Flussnamen und n, Gebirgsnamen ;" and Ad.
Namen von
study of Uckerraann,
In poetry there is the den Komodien des Aristophanes," Berlin Pr. 1892, which has remained uncompleted. 2 3 Cf. Prof. Gildersleeve, ad loc. In a note to Euripides, Phoen. 147.
"Der
Artikel bei
Eigennamen
in
Diss., p. 35.
40
The
Article in
Theocritus.
article
with
in the
following instances
;
1) with an
;
xm,
xvn, 26
xxn,
xn, 35
(Ionic "lyric)
1,
a MiSeans,
generic;
is
the article
The Aeolic
(lyric)
with an attributive (xxviii, 17), against five without the article. 2 In the Doric idylls the situation is different. There Theocritus
we
names of persons used with considerable Taking the Doric group as a whole, we find sixty-eight proper names of persons with the article, one hundred and eighty
find articular proper
freedom.
without the
it
article,
or 27.41
articular.
With
is
interesting to
single
mimes showed
eighty-five
20.5
articular.
tt}?
Of
type o Mara/civr)?
Marauciov
^vWos, where
the proper
name
(17)
genitive
appellatives.
It
is
is
name
less
In the epigrams
proper
Ameis
(p.
14
"
f.)
in
discussing
the
articular
name
in
Hermann
3
:
Nimirum
celebratum
est"
the
familiar
and remarks,
p. 23,
"Nominibus
strict
epic interpretation
makes the
article
demonstra-
tive.
2 3
For names
Euripides, Iphig.
AuL,
praef,, p. xvii.
41
part
is true,
may
in
the poet's choice, whether or not he shall use the article, and the
metre
may
in
is
some
that
The
best that
can be said
where the
known
The
Id.
to the
first to
be
7roTa/jLei/3eTo. Aa</>w?, the subject of " this shepherd song, ra AdfotBos akyea" occurs but once more in
this idyl
with the
article, line
140.
The name
:
1.
19 in the
1.
title
"to,
66
as predicate,
120, 121
in apposition, 113,
116
I,
This
is
and the
line is
open
to question.
is
mentioned
figures in
article.
in line
The
article
may
be contemptuous.
we
AfiapvWcSa, the Amaryllis of the speaker's dreams and hopes, almost " my Amaryllis." 2. o TiTvpos. 41, a 8' AraXdvra, 47, coSoovls. In these lines (40 to 51) five
Id. in,
1.
'
tclv
'
In the
first
we
find 'liriropbevr)^
Arakavra with
the apposition 6
Me\a^7rou? (43), itself anarthrous, is preceded by /jbavris, while Pero is described as a 8e /jLarrjp
. . .
a yapieaaa
we
" storied,"
might do for a
S'
^AraXdvra and
but
42
The
the
Article in
Theocritus.
we have
equally well
known
'liriro^evrj^,
MeXd/Jurov^ and
'A\(ea-/3(H?7? ? as
we ll
as Biaz/ros (44)
the article.
Id. IV, 21, t<m AafjL7rpid8a.
Id. v, 88.
idyl.
90
Kpa-rtSa?.
In both
Id. VI, 6.
fldXXei tol
I ioXixfyafie
to
ttoi/jlvlov
a TaXdreua
TaXdreia
.
fiaXoco-iv.
In
Polyphemus
idyl,
.
always has the article except xi, 76, TaXdretav aXXav, " another Galatea.'' 42. rbv Adcfrviv 6 Aa/Wra? i(f>C\rjae. Else.
(11.
1, 5,
Aa^yt? once,
Id.
1. 1, where it has the appositive 6 fiovicoXos added. vn, 55. tov AvklSclv, " hunc hominem, me, Lycidan,"
(Fritzsche)
but
1.
this is the
name
1
article.
of the
72.
6
legend, (v.
Adifivis.
%avQas
v.
in schol.).
Id. VIII, 8.
%a>
1,
where we have
Ad<f)vi8i ra
(5,
%apievTi, this
name
is
31, 36,
38 =
670), 71,
name of
33
39, 62).
In
line 8
we
in other cases
is
where
31, 71.
Daphnis
3
referred to
13.
92).
Id. xi. 8.
his/'
It
is
rds
VI,
cf. to
a Be Kwio-tca
e/cXaev.
|
her lover
who
is
speaking.
He
KvvLcr/ca (8)
contrast
in this
and a Be (21). Here the noun stands in a strong and a Be is almost demonstrative. Other articular names idyl are proper adjectives, and names accompanied by
attributives.
It
Compare
(Kofidras)
2 3
;
1,
103;
v,
9,
14,
86, (Ad/cwi>),
96
Anz.
515.
Wilamowitz, Textg.,
p. 234.
43
"the Adonis,"
i.
e.
Of
name
and
109
line
in, 47
article,
namely
Id.
111 of this
follow
:
The
lpai
"thy
XV
olov tol
tov" AScovlv
ayajov
(Aphrodite's
1.
statue of
Adonis was
i,
set
p. 101).
up at this festival (11. 127-128, Bekker, Charikles, But this fact will not account for the article, tho
128),
is
names of
p. 16), for
(1.
without
Elsewhere
Bellerophon
Id.
accompanied by attributives.
6 BeXXe/oo^wy,
92. KopivOiai,
elfies avcodev,
ek koX
whom
/cal
xx, 35.
ov
tov,
tov "AScovlv
cett.
;
<f)C\.7)o~ev
(s. c.
Ku7T/9t9), (vv.
11.
avTov vulg.,
;
Fritzsche,
kclv
Wilamowitz).
1,
Compare
xv, above.
Anarthrous are
used with
;
JLvvei/ca,
article
is
proper
14, 6
adjectives
refer
to
persons
II,
96, o MvvSlos
1.
xn,
97.
article
is
name.
name of
the person
n, 29
v, 2, 72,
73
xxiv,
'EXi/crjOev
165).
appositional
is attended by an noun are comparatively rare. When the proper name precedes, it is set down as well-known and the apposition is added 2 with little emphasis in, 31, a Tpacco /coo-/civ6fjLavTi<;. v,
name with
the article
See Kuehner,
462,
A.
Anm.
1.
For
Wilamowitz, Textg.
p. 135,
plausibly defended.
In the reading given above, the addiafter the intervening raXadea finds no parallel
I,
TfTl/xrja-
apTjTfjpa.
44
2, ttjvov
tt>8'
The
Article in
Theocritus.
6 /3ovko\os
6 Av/ca)7ra$ (v.
o>Se),
143,
tw Ad/cwvos tw
7'
Troifievos.
VI, 1,
o fxavTis
6 TiJXeyLto?,
con-
tov itot
Avdirw
toi>
|
icpaTepov
Odyssey ix, 509. vn, 152, rrjvov tov iroijueva compare XI, 7, 6 TloXvcfra/jLov
cf.
:
In the
For
are
articular proper names in the nominative in apposition with an expressed or implied vocative see below under " article with
'
so used
names of animals.
With proper names of persons, accompanied by an
attributive the
article is
Of
thirty-two
where the
article is omitted,
twenty-seven
is
The
first
attributive position
the most
common
(26 cases), far behind follows the third (6 cases), and last
Four
instances of the
first
position
and one of the third position. position: II, 102-103, ay aye tov XiTrapo^pcov
AeXfytv,
2
115; in, 32; V, 4; VI, 40; VII, 47; x, 41; xi, 8; XII, 35; xiii, 7 (in the introduction, not the epyllion proper where, excepting "TXa? 6
ek
efia
ScofjLaTa
vm,
%av06<;,
1.
36, proper
8,
30; xv, 86, 128; xvn, 26, (epic); xvm, 5, 28, 31 34, 140, (epic); XXVI, 1, (epic); XXVII, 1, tclv ttlvvtclv
the only articular
xxn,
'Eke'vav,
name of
xiii, 5,
('
xxviii, 17.
Here
is
as in v, 62
{Sivdpwiros),
"Wilamowitz,
first
name
1,
vu, 132 xxn, 34, 140 xxvi, article, are found elsewhere in Theocritus and similarly in the (spurious) epigram xi (in), 3. 2 This is the only place in the idyl where AA.0is is articular, tho 1. 29 we do find Most of the occurrences of the name are the name in apposition with 6 Mtvdios. in the ritualistic chant of the girl (21, 23 (twice), 26, 29, 50, 53, 62) and the rest
has the
;
;
is
anarthrous
as MeveXdy, also
1),
45
An
name
added
more
xiii,
loosely as
an afterthought.
The
occurrences follow
vn,
the
So
also once
name of
proper
a divinity, n, 148.
five cases
In only
understood
the article
is
II,
G6,
rcovfiovXoio
Ava^co.
names of
b.
divinities
with
With names of divinities. In the case of names of divinities Theocritus shows much the same latitude in the use of the article
as in the case of personal names.
In
fact,
we
and
expect.
Four
where the
(xxvi,
article is used,
(11.
epyllion proper
in
The Aeolic group furnishes two 6), examples, both forms of "E/ocw? (xxix, 22 xxx, 25), and in the epigrams considered, four such articular names are found. In the
a contrast.
;
is
frequency.
Of
the
article.
Muses,
patrons
of
themes of
many
most prominently
We may
Nymphs, of
the
Pan and Dionysus were a common sight And groves where many of the pastoral scenes are laid.
Priapus,
as
so
ever
and
statues,
when named,
which the
One
of the
common
cases in
used
is
after verbs of
sacrifice
ment
is
46
'
The
AfufyLTphr]
Artiole in Theocritus.
xxi, 55
'AttoXXcqv
v,
82
anarthrous in epics.
;
<S>ot/3o?
and
<1>.
XVII, 67
Ilataz/,
articular,
epigram
(vn),
1.
'AfypohiTa
n, 7; x, 33; xix,
Kv7r/)t9, articular five
Epigram
v,
Kvirpoyeveta anarthrous,
55.
xxx,
31.
XX, 33 (?) XXVI, 6 tg>? rpels (sc. ftwixovb) to, 'ZepeXa, to>? evvea tw Aiovvaa> anarthrous, xxvi, 9, 27, 33, 37 'E/cara: n, 12. "Ejo&>? tov "Epcora, spoken by i, 97; (epic).
:
Atowcro?
his
(?).
A^eo:
98
Kvde'peia artic;
xiii, 11
anarthrous
vii, 3.
;
AafjLarrjp anarthrous,
;
mother (but
v
:
1.
E/9<wto?
apyaXeco).
n,
7, 6 t'
"Epw?,
x, 20, axftpovTiaTos
xiii,
1; xxiii, 4;
AnarIV, 43,
Zev?
22
;
epigram, VI (xx),
of these
twenty-five
in epic idylls.
"Hpa
:
IV,
anarthrous
Moio-ai
I,
9,
MotVa?, 144; v, 80
6
;
ix, 32,
a Molaa
icai <ba y
"
my muse;"
xi,
and
I,
2,
we
1
find
vn. rah
In epigram
part
NvfjLcjzai:
In
this
idyl
statues
of
of the
setting.
Nvficjxu,
In
I, I,
22,
we
find
statue.
naz/:
16; V, 58.
which see below. It is anarthrous but twice I, and iv, 63, in the plural. IlXoOro? x, 19, avrd?
3, /xera llara,
6 II. (clvtos
;
"alone").
sits
IIpir}7ro$:
I,
fy&
viii,
the speaker
^lefieXa
Upoarev^
;
52
(?).
xxvi,
1
See Wuestemann, to
1.
17,
cf.
Fritzscke.
Of the names
accompanied by an
The
Article in
Theocritus,
47
In
Names of
noun
it
divinities in oaths.
1.
37) the
article,
tho in comedy
I,
is
68,
37, 2):
ttoti,
in v, 70.
2.
In
a
XXIV, 73,
V, 141
3.
is
>val
yap
II,
160.
In the following
;
cases
the
article is
vi, 21
Ov and
:
anarthrous
;
vn, 39
xi, 29.
articular in
:
y, 14, 17
xxvn,
35.
used
2
vi, 22,
kov
c.
fi
e\a6\ ov top
oprj/u.
Names
Of
the
forty-seven occurrences of
idylls)
names of
article
Doric
only two
|
have the
8'
1.
XV, 93.
rot?
Iie\oirovva<ncrTl
i
XaXeO/xe?
hcopiahev
ef eari,
91),
So/cw,
AcopLeeao-i,
we are
if
Corinthians (Dorians,
The
is
not
other case
XV, 141,
d.
ol en,
wporepov KairCQai
cities
/cat
Names of
in general
In
Ka\a
ttoXl?
d re Zd/cvvOos.
Without the
(i,
,
article
attributive position
;
xni, 11
1
xx, 33
(?)
xxi, 55
xxx, 25)
Fritzsche interprets
meum unicum
dulcem
(oculum)," and so most editors. Two passages in Herondas, cited ad loc. by Cholmeley for a different purpose, support the interpretation which makes oi rbv
iixbv k.
t.
i.
an oath,
viz., V,
59,
/id
vi, 23,
yXvKias,
3
sc. 6<pda\ixofc.
Compare
73.
xuv,
48
eighteen times in
idylls.
e.
eleven
in
Doric,
and twice
in Aeolic
Names of
rivers.
uses the
idylls, in referring
to
neighboring
VII, 1.
124,
'
1 fie pa anarthrous);
Names
f.
in epic, even
when
iroTafios is added, as in
Names
of mountains
this
IV,
Names
Names
125,
vao-ov tclv
^iKeXdv
XV, 126,
tclv
*2afiiav
<
sc.
vaaov or
yav >.
h.
Names of
the
article.
Doric idylls
xiv,
:
68
XVIII, 20,
i.
in Doric
tclv
litee\dv
aka.
The
five
stand
without the
article.
Of
in
men-
spring
:
is
mentioned with
the article,
its
name
adjective form
v,
126, a
Su/Sapm?
vii, 6,
115
xvi, 102.
k.
Names
is
of vessels
2
and
statues,
with the
nauts,
article.
In Theocritus the
Argo'Apyv,
article, lines
fiev
the article
is
Names of
have
cd.
cf.
2
But here a temple of Hera on the promontory may be meant. Cf. Schol. in Med. 37, Ziegler, " Scholia," p. 100, and for iroraQov (-rrpoarjcpov) of a temple
Plut. Themistocles, viii, 2, 10.
The Article in
Theocritus.
49
In
we
atvrjp
xwvrjp
of which are
Names
(e/x* oyiroWcov t Be faXeei fieya) Kdpvea (Apollo's festival) tcai 8rj tyepirei. The SaXvaia are mentioned, vn, 3, without the article. m. Names of constellations are anarthrous save in vii, 54 XcopCav, and here corruption is easy for /ea>ptW <Morelius ed., ap. Ahrens>. In the same idyl "A/3/cto? is anarthrous (112). Other names of constellations occur only in epic idylls. n. Names of winds are anarthrous (vn, 53; ix, 11 x, 46),
with the
article:
V, 83,
top re
Tho
In Theocritus
:
de'pos
;
Doric idylls
vi,
16
vin, 78
article, ten
times in Doric
and
wf
and
:
a/jLap.
Afiap
octoi
is
plural
XXI, 23,
ras vvktcls
Zevs,
tw
Oepeos /juvvdetv,
<f>epei,
where the
article is generic.
Of
five are
p. 228.
Krueger, Krueger,
i,
I,
and
47, 2, A. 1
and
2.
50
The
Article in
Theocritus.
Nvf
XI, 77.
So
in
1
comedy the
article
in this construction.
xi,
44
(generic)
and
in the plural,
Nuf
is
also xpovos,
OaXaaaa and
land
is
777,
which, like proper names, are definite, and do not require the
article,
particular
time,
:
sea,
or
indicated.
X/00V0?
11,
(f>ev<ycov,
xiv,
tion.
70
SdXaaaa
cf. cf. 1.
. .
.
article
VII,
57 (generic, of
OaXaacrav,
17,
In xxi,
In Doric
he
OaXaao-a,
the
article
is
substantival.
;
OaXaaaa is twice anarthrous (vi, 27 XI, 49). r^ (7a) XI, 79, ev tcl 7a fcrj<yd)v rt? (j>aivofjLaL elfMev. Here Ameis (p. 15), and Fritzsche "in hac terra;" cf. Hiller. But Kiessling better:
idylls
: :
"
Non
quam
opponit mari, in
But
ev 7a,
"on
land,"
is
and the
article
XIX,
4, tclv
xxx,
is
3,
earth."
With
word
twice anarthrous in
Doric idylls
r.
53
xvm,
20).
occurs
twice
in
Doric
is
idylls,
22,
51.
^aaiXeia (BaaiXiao-a)
The generic
article*
With
noun
Fuller, p. 46.
1,
Compare
;
etc.,
2
15
iv, 3
v, 113, 126
/.
;
x, 48,
1,
and rb
Kav/ia,
Kuelmer,
462,
Krueger,
50, 2, 15.
Compare above,
introd.
The
Article in Theocritus.
51
its
article is
of a nature that
its class,
all
When
In
all cases
there
is
anaphora
have previously
to
experience
entirely
of the hearer.
unknown, the
article.
The exact
Theocritus uses the article with nouns in this sense freely and
at times
I,
133
ff.
vm,
76
(cf.
IF.
ix,
7-8
x, 30-31).
The
fact that
it is
never obligatory
Gildersleeve,
" Problems,"
p. 122),
makes
its free
employment
l
in the
Doric idylls
In
Homer
is
rare
and
so
we
to find that
Theocritus.
a.
This
is
I,
the
72,
87; 132
a
;
III,
13
IV,
16
v,
130
VI, 7
VIII,
76
ra fiaXiSi
(/-taXa),
;
ra
ftol,
x, 28 (2),
(2), 79-80, ra Spvl (ral fiakavoi), a ixoa^os, ra> ftov/coXcp (at fides) ; 3031, a atf, tclv /cvtmtov, 6 Xu/co?,
;
XII,
14
(preceded
by
lttttov
without article
;
the
article
;
visualizes,
xxi, 33, 6Q
xxvn,
:
3, 9.
I,
90, 135,
136; n, 35;
m,
26,
53;
IV,
11,
^rueger, n,
50, 4.
52
to)?
V, 111,
;
114, tq>?
Kavddpo?, 1 125
VI,
vm,
79; X, 29,
a\X
efJLiras
arefydvoL?
ra irpara Xeyovrai, 2
XV, 28, ai ya\eai (perhaps, however, a term of reproach applied to the awkward* Eunoe) xxx, 15 xxi, 22, 23 Berenike fr., 2, ra SUrua.
44
c.
As with
concrete
nouns,
it
so
with
is
impossible
differences
The
article
may
of the
abstract
with
anaphora, but also all phases and relations gathered into a single
concept
The sphere
of Theocritean poetry
tendency to personiis is
distinct anaphora.
alphabetical,
e/)a>?
n, 63; XI,
1,
80;
xxiii, 9
xxx,
Otherwise
;
I,
93
n, 69,
etc. (refrain)
x, 57
XIV, 26
xxiii, 43.
As
common noun
e/>a>? is
anarthrous twelve
fcdWos
XaOos
xxiii, 32 (with
attrib.).
In n, 83, /cdWos
irevia
is
concrete.
xxiii, 24 (anaphora)
poxOos xxi,
xxi,
1,
16 (personification in both)
two nouns are causal, and in 112
(si
The
relative clauses
last
5a<rvK4picos is
2
an epithet.
:
nexas
to
Objection to
it
rots,
-and
its
receives
Hermann (Opusc,
tu
a-T<pdpo})
emend
and so Ameis
But Fritzsche
/j.Tras
shows (ad loc. and to viii, 5) that the verse is to be read with a caesura after and after arecp&vois. On the other hand iv rots with superlatives seems to be decidedly a prose use. See Krueger, i, 49, 10, 6. 3 Cf. Krueger, I, 50, 3, 3 and 4 and Hist. Philol. Studien, n, p. 461, 1, 2.
60,
and
see Gildersleeve,
1. c.
53
ttoOos
xxx, 21
(semipersonification)
>
<tXoT??<?
xn, 20 (with
(
possessive).
66
epi)
xviii,
54.
(frpovrfc
%a/w? V, 37
?
(generic-semipersonification)
xviii, 4) the
word
is
concrete.
1.
epigram
8.
vm (xvn),
article with
The
substantivized words and phrases was by Apollonius in all cases save apparently with 1 participles. The use is so familiar that it requires no detailed discussion here. With substantivized words and phrases the article appears in all its functions, particular and generic. In the idylls of Theocritus the particular use is far the more common one. In
use
recognized
the epic idylls cases of this use of the article are infrequent,
especially in the
two
idylls
where Homeric
are
lines are
most
closely
followed,
a.
xxn
and xxv.
With
adjectives.
Most frequent
II,
article stands
a.
Particular: Masculine.
;
waTopyos.
;
in,
4,
rbv
ivop^av
24, 6 Svo-aoos.
96, o SetXo?;
119, o Svo-nopos. 3
18,
xn, 23; xiv, 29; xv, 8, 12, 42, 53; xx, 44; xxin, 37; xxix, 20. Epigram, vi (xx). 2, rbv
I,
Feminine.
V, 51,
(sc. crra^vXrjv).
4,
II,
72,
138
100
xviii, 4.
are not
i/ceo
5
Neuter.
used
20,
article
included here).
Moio-as.
/cal
t&$ ftovtcoXacas
eirl
to
irXeov
Here
as in
vm,
Cf. introduction
.
participles
Cf Gildersleeve, Syntax, 28 ff. Ameis cites rbv &lvov from this passage and elsewhere as a substantivized
Its use as
adjective.
it
was no longer
felt as
here used.
4 It is unnecessary to take the article here as Fritzsche (ed. 1869) took it, "seine Appetitstraube, die zum Essen bestimmte Traube," comparing t&
.
. .
didaKTpa,
5
vm,
86.
on the vine
(1.
46).
d/cpo^
(Haupt,
Opusc,
312), but expresses simply a degree definitely higher than that reached
54
II,
IV,
;
45
V,
71
vin, 17
S'
xiv, 11
fi
xv, 78
ra
aarifcd
ov/c
ifylXwo-ev
"
4.
xvi, 42
xvn, 118
xx, 31,
that baggage
(Euneike) with
4)
xxiv,
Generic : Singular.
The
:
generic singular
:
is
rare
and outside
The neuter
an
xx,
abstract
noun
xxix,
Epigram,
IV (xn),
4, to tcaXov.
Plural.
XXI, 44.
19
5.
:
I,
/za/eaSa?.
The
neuters
;
vn, 127
vin, 42
xiii, 3
xiv, 50
xxvi, 32.
b.
With Participles.
Apollonius did not recognize the use of the article with substantivized participles except in the case of a
As
is
used as an
by
is
according to
as v, 71.
That
a confusion of superlative
ever, also
and comparative is shown by Legrand (p. 311), who cites our passage. See, howWilamowitz, Textgeschichte, p. 50, note. Taken in connection with the preceding, the meaning is clear: "you sang rb. Ad<pvi5os <\7ea and won the
prize
(t'fcco
aorist)
for pastoral
minstrelsy"
tu
with
Fritzsche
erit
is
"ad
te
quod
attinet,
quod
sentis
/c,
<t6
re6p^>
suave, hilare,
laetum
<d5i> ttvktoll>."
Compare
schol. cd.
struction
common enough
(cf.
Pyth., xi, 41
Pyth., v, 72).
"tua tibi voluptaseffectaest," connecting rb rebv ctStf, and similarly Ameis (p. 11) and Snow. Cholmeley objects to this version on the ground that rb rebv AM " could only mean 'your sweetness.' " But Aristotle, (BheL, i, 1354, b. 11) furnishes an exact parallel in iirnxKoireip
2
rrj Kpicrei
rb Ulov
r}bi> 1)
\vir-qpbv.
Like etvos, /x-qKds, "the bleating one," had practically become a noun. In the Thesauros of Stephanos but one instance is cited where /^/cds is used as an Nauck Fr. 466, adjective of something besides a goat, Soph., Frg. Amphiar.
nr)K&8os
/3o6s.
55
TifjLcLo-Oco
'
he
illustrates a
generic
2,
use
he
characterizes as TrpoXwTrTiK&Tepov.
In Theocritus substantivized
do not
be
occur in the strictly epic idylls and they were probably not used
by Homer.
a.
As
article
appears
in all its
phases, with
fyiXeovra.
persons or things
XI,
19,
tov
68, tcov
irapeovTwv.
This
is
the
only idyl of the epic group that shows examples of this type.
Two
low.)
(See be-
xv, 47,
6 tkq)v,
54, 77.
9,
6 fucrwv, ol /Mo-evvres.
xxix,
xxin, 3, 62-63, toI tyXeovTes, 18. Here belong also those cases
article is
I,
noun or pronoun.
120, 121.
So with nouns
;
xni, 7
With pronouns
proper
viii (xvn), 1.
xxix, 32.
be mentioned, where
name
ill,
32,
%a
|
'Evi//lmW
Of
these the
and the
at the
last
have
remaining
head of
was
felt as
an
Generic: Singular,
viii, 17,
6 vi/cwv,
(=
The
xxin,
to
fieWov, and
epigram iv (xn),
1
4, to Trpocrfj/cov.
Syntax I, 34, p. 68, Bekker. Synt, p. 27. A TK&v had become so thoroughly substantivized as to be construed with a dependent genitive f. L, Eur. Elec, 335; Ion., 308 Ale, 167.
2
;
;
56
Plural,
The
Article in Theoci'itus.
x, 8, tcov aireovrayv
XII, 2, oi 8e 7ro0evvT<;
15.
(epic); xxiii,
this article
Actual
XIII,
66
omissions of
may
note
in,
47,
iirl
irXeov
XiWa?
XV, 27,
e? fjueaov,
both phraseological
vm,
is
QQ.
With adverbs.
first,
when
the adverb
used as
preserves
its
adverbial character.
Used as nouns.
article is denied to
Homer.
Where forms
infrequent,
as demonstratives. 1
two
;
in epic.
S'
x, 3,
tw
Tfkarlov, 9,
twv eKToOev
p.
6, as
xiii, 4, to
demonstrative, in the
Homeric manner)
fieo-nyv.
/3.
Used as
One
at
instance of
and the
first
position
is
cited
:
from Homer,
38,
II.
xiv, 274.
virevepOev
Two
|
cases appear
in
epic
idylls
xxn,
XaXkai
where
o
;
the article
may
xxv, 236,
vn, 136
find
irplv (sc.
;
oto-To?).
The remaining
cases are
3.
xv, 141
xxx,
1
21.
Epigram, vi (xx),
II. ix,
24 Once we
I,
appositive use in
The
7.
case in
xxn,
is
220.
5,
xa ^ v
v eTrdvcodev.
This use
frequent
enough
found in
Homer, and with adverbial accusatives of adjectives is Pindar. 3 The article is not restricted to local and
cover most cases.
idylls,
In
frequent in Doric
and three
Foersteinann, p. 19.
2 3
Krueger,
1,
50, 5,
10 and 13.
11,
50, 5, 10
and
11.
Kuehner,
461, 6.
Stein, p. 40.
The
the most
i/julv
Article in
Theocritus.
57
Ill, 3,
common.
I,
41,
1
kclijlvovtl
ill,
to tcaprepov.
TiTvp
to kclXov
7re(f)i\r)fjLve.
:
Other
Temporal: I, 15 II, 144 IV, 3 V, 13, 48; xv, 15; xvn, 75; xx, 21; xxn, 4; xxv, 240; xxiii, 40. Adverbs of manner : in, 18; vii, 59, xv, 58. Omission of the article may be noted in I, 34, 98
113, 126; x,
2,
29,
fieo-afjLeptov
2
;
With prepositional
jihrases.
to designate persons
The
Trap
purely
x, 14,
to, irpo
xxvin,
25,
to,
<f>CX(p.
tcl
777909
/3.
The appositive use of articular prepositional phrases, found Homer, occurs in Theocritus as follows I, 1, a 7rn-t>?
:
.
also in
ttjvcl
V, 52,
65
4.
VII, 40,
y.
151
xi, 7
xxvi, 4
(epic).
Epigram, vi (xx),
/car' clvtov
Most
II,
common
first
attributive position
v, 47,
;
I,
30, a 8e
;
e\tf,
72
33
49',
57
vi, 18
vn,
7,
130, 138
xxv, 180
(epic)
xxvin, 17
e.
xxx,
27.
With
the infinitive.
We
In
ipebv
tw
Se Oepeos <j>pvyovTO<;
i<yay
too-gov fxeXehalvct)
oaaov
No
certain parallel has yet been cited for such a use of the infinitive
for a concrete
irielv
noun
iyxevvTa.
l
.
ire<f>i\.
7}
tov xaXws
fj
5ia t6 koXov
1,
J)
to KaXbv
tov \tav.
Editors
Cholme-
Amor.
26,
voucivdois
t6 ko\ov avdovaiv
Herondas, 1, 54, Anthol. Pal., vn, 219, Callim., Ep. 52, and others (see Legrand, p. 308), which show that the construction is late. As in the case
Cf.
1,
34,
where the
/j.e<r.
article
is
omitted.
2 3
Now
fxea.
by Wilamowitz
for tv
58
The
Article in
Theocritus.
el? efyepev
to
<j>ayelv,
eh
Se irielv eSiBov,
article,
do to
;the
ya
velv
/jbepLadev/jLcu,
similar forms.
9.
The
article
a.
When
a noun
it
is
used
does not
Apollonius
lays
it
tol
Be eirideTiKa
tcl inrap/CTLfcd
t&v
pn/JLctTcov eirKpepotTo.
This
is
too general
without the
article.
As
names followed by an
is
a Tpaioo
fcocr/av6/JLavTL<;
(?).
teal
<>pao-i8afJL0$
;
'AvTiyevvs Svo
;
TeKva
Epigr.,
Avfcvpeos.
vili,
93
XIV, 24
XXVIII, 6
vn,
2,
and
others, besides
many
in epic idylls.
two
has the
article, xiii, 5,
epyllion proper.
article, see
a.
and 19, of which the former is not in the For cases where the proper name also has the
The
:
may
precede,
and then
it
emphasis
IV, 33 V, xix, 1. 120; 80; xiii, 19; xiv, 1, 12; xv, 11, 18, 22, 110, Epigram, (xvn), 1 ix (xxi), 1.
vi/cco Ad<f>viv.
ill,
43
vm
*&. A.
2
3
4
59
is
The
appositive
may
it
;
follow,
tw Aa/JtTrptdSa rot BafioTcu "the people (descendants) of Lampriades, the demesmen" (cf. iv, 33; xm,5). v,10,15, 64 vi,44 vn,73 viii,34 xiii,5 xiv,13,24 XV, 138, 139 XXI, 9 ff. rd ratv yetpotv aOXruxaTa, rol KaXa6t(Ticot,
IV, 21, rol
;
Ta? afias
rd
(frvfctdevra
SeXwra
|
/cat
o-'Xpivwv
XaBvptvOot
|
fxrjptvOot
/coma
eir
ipeia/jLCMrt
\e/x/3o?).
Here
is
noteworthy.
The omission of At
the article
a picture
by
itself:
" the baskets, the rods, etc.," of their trade, and then in
a rapid sweep are added, in a confused heap, " lines, wells, traps,
cords, an oar
stays."
xxiii, 21.
article
Epigram,
with nouns
VII,
IV (xn),
11
Omissions of the
also occur.
idylls.
is
in apposition with
;
common nouns
type
So n, 121;
xv, 97,
in
etc.,
b.
A common
apposition
that
where a noun
expressed
in
stands
apposition
with
or
personal
pronoun
the
or
this
is
understood.
relation
noun
substantivized
the
article,
word standing
appositive
:
generally
takes
because
reference
necessarily definite in
most
cases.
it
The
may
;
precede
belongs
I,
116, 6 fiov/c6\o$
III,
;
iycD Adfois.
fxe
II,
72, iya)
... a
x
)
peyaXoiTOSj 138
;
19,
irpoGTTTV^ai
56.
is
top
aliroXov
v,
90
XI, 39
XII,
23
to
XIV,
XVIII, 22,
generally
a/i/xe? 8' at
irdaai o-vvofAdXuces.
avvo/jidXiKes
Here
at irdaai
d/jL/ues.
taken
with
as
predicate
It
irdarat
alone, in
apposi-
'
: '
caprarium, h.
dum.
Aliquoties Theocritus
ita
quum
facit,
genere praedicat,
officium eius
cum
conscientia
notum significetur. " He compares v, 88, 90; xiv, 56. It cannot however be maintained that in all these cases there is dvacpopa /far' k^oxhv for that is what Fritzsche' s note seems to say for this instance.
60
tion
xx,
2.
18;
xxm,
37;
xxvm,
8; xxix, 32.
Epigram, iv (xn),
find
or understood
an articular appositive
we Here belong
the nominative
more common
is
in the
plural,
where
singular of
so,
common
similarly found
ib.,
Upo/cvrj
eicfiaive
cf.
1628;
Plut.,
1100
Lucian Deor.
ov
Following
151, at
Vili,
Theocritus:
I,
Be
;
fir}
o-KipTvarelre
xxin, 62, 63. In the singular are found names of animals IV, 45, gitO' 6 Keirapyos
:
V, 100,
108
(?),
110;
67
the
folloAving,
all
a Kvfiaida
10.
(v.
1.
v K.)
is
In
I,
151, the
name of an animal
The
usually adds
something previously
it
and
is
without the
article.
is
to be regarded as
known and
itself is
the same
way
as other
nouns, and subject and predicate are equivalent. anarthrous the predicate cannot take the
is
If the subject
the
article, unless
such as to make
is
it
definite
without the
or the predicate
its
complete
meaning.
13, aide
yevoifiav
fieXto-cra.
Editors usually
call
the
article
deictic,
article,
and
1
since there
13
Krueger,
i,
45, 2, 6
n, 50,
7, 4.
2 8
Ameis,
p. 17.
o.
c, and A. Proksch,
o.
c,
who
eliminated
many
nouns falsely understood as predicates. has however yielded little that is not in the grammars.
The
deixis,
it
Article in
Theocritus.
61
seems better to
7r<z?
here generic.
xxi,
article
is (like)
14,
The
has
xxi,
36,
aW*
u he
an
light in the
is
Prytaneum."
Ameis,
(p. 4),
reading to Be (mss.
to re
Kaupt's correction),
\vyyiov predicate.
Hermann, Opusc. v, 112). In other cases that have been cited as instances of articular predicates, the articular noun is to be taken as subject (so where
one member of a sentence
2, tl Be tol to
fjbeXrjfia).
is
an interrogative pronoun,
is
f. i.
xiv,
This
vovs,
which Ameis,
(p. 19),
etc.,
renders
est
'O faMcr/cako?
In x,
b).
Somewhat
verbs.
ifkeov So,
Here
ti
is
while rC to irXeov
" what
in,
7.
Compare
viii,
86 and
11.
The
article with
is
nouns accompanied by
attributive adjectives.
When
the article
may occupy
second and
stands
attributive
position respectively, as
the
adjective
between the
article
articular
noun
with an article of
anarthrous noun. 1
simplest,
b.
own, or with
its
own
the
Of
these positions
first
logically the
and
is
therefore designated
by
Aristotle (Rhet.
1407,
which contributes
to o-vvTOfjuia in composi-
62
tion.
The
Article in Theocritus.
own
it
value.
Aristotle
line 36) as
one of the
has been
known,
after-
article is
added much
like
an
the position
is,
out that
interpretation depends
the language.
"
When
the article
largely implicit,
when
vuh
is 6
= 6 wo? o
eyuo?.
When
it is
explicit,
then vlos 6
o ifjuk
is
effect,
the afterthought
a grata
Since poetry can omit the article, can resort to the implicit article,
may
is
second position.
This
attributive, as,
it/,
xvi, 44,
far
126.
Of
first
is
the most
common
the third
in
is
the least
common, and
position
is
common
Where
in
possessive, the
regular
found.
a.
ii,
First
attributive
position
I,
3,
7, 13,
m,
5, 46, 49,
13
(parti-
ciple);
(twice),
59;
101, 112;
VI, 11,
16
36
vn,
152
vm,
;
xiv, 8, 12, 26 53; xn, 20, 28, 35; xm, 5, 7, 11, 16, 19 xv, 4, 33, 34, 51, 58, 81, 86, 110, 128; xvi (epic), 22; xvn (epic), 26; xvm, 5, 19, 28, 31; xx, 5, 33; xxi, 10, 14, 19,
26, 55, QQ, 67;
xxn
I,
(epic),
34,
140, 189;
xxm,
56o
51; xxiv
Apollonius Synt.,
40,
p.
80,
12,
Bekker,
twp
8ia<popovs SrfkotivTuv.
2
6,
A. J. P.,
vi, 262,
xvn,
518.
63
61 (aWos), 63
xxvm,
see
23
xxix,
16, 37
in this position
d.
b.
No
examples of
found
epic idylls save xiii, 6, and this does not stand in the
epyllion proper.
vn, 98
viii,
27
xiii, 6
xv, 127.
Epigram,
/jlol
I,
1.
Here may
ttouciXov,
to Kpo/cv\o<;
irolov
.
eBw/ce, to
voucos.
is
The
adjective takes
accompanied by a
(x), 2.
demonstrative:
once with
I,
23; v, 147.
v, 14.
Epigram, in
instances
Similarly
<zuto'?,
Four
where a prepositional
1
yS.
Third
attributive position.
The
addition to proper
names of
an adjective
end).
in this position
I,
124
in, 37
;
v,
36
viii, 74,
\6yov
11.);
X, 18
a
;
yXv/cv/capiros
2
;
xxi, 8
xxni, 32;
xxv
II,
(epic)
27
xxix, 19
ceding demonstrative,
d.
30. 3
When
the articular
noun
is
that,
when two attributives without a conjunction are joined to a noun by means of the article, usually either both stand between the article and noun, or one (or even both) follows the noun with the article repeated. According to Krueger, when both attributives
are adjectives, they are usually both inserted in the first position
For
cases
where one
of
under 2 In
to eat
d.
mouth
nouns
is
noteworthy.
English also
3
par excellence
the grape).
For participles, adverbs and prepositional phrases in this position see above under 8, and for cases where the noun has more than one attributive see below. 4 Krueger, i, 50, 9 ff Kuehner, 464, 7.
.
64
The Article in
Theocritus.
only when one adjective forms a single concept with the noun, and
the other adjective modifies the complex.
and
in
article
also the
in Theocritus.
:
adjectives
we
n, 3, tov ipov
< fiapvv
modifier
.
evvray*
is
<f>i\ov
XV, 138.
found
Where one
:
138; xvi, 90
ical
(epic); xviii, 6.
:
In
1
xxx,
^aXeiro)
is
In
V, 84, a predicate
adjective
inserted
afxeXyco
by hyperbaton
(cf.
irXav hvo
to'/co? al<ya<;
Ameis,
p. 15).
In one instance two attributive adjectives, each with an article, Compare precede the noun VI, 22, tov ifibv tov eva yXv/cvv. Thuc, 8, 23, 4, raZ? yu,e#' eavTod vavcrl teal Tah Tpurl tclIs Xtat? iraperrXei, and other examples cited by Kuehner, 464, 7, c. (cf.
:
Ameis,
tov Xlv
p. 21).
vTrefjLeive,
In xin,
5, oo/JLcjiLTpvcDvos 6 %a\;eo*;a/?Sio?
wd?, o?
o %a\/e.
vl<h is in apposition
with the
elliptical
(dflfaTpVCDVOS.
article,
while
avBpa, tov ov
Tpo(j>6<;
Nv/jlcJxilo-iv
|
a7re^^.
II,
a et^a/Jt'Sa
VII,
in
Opaaaa
7.
iLoucaplTis
ayxfflvpos vaiovcra;
39;
XIII,
In in, 45, an
I,
adjective
the third
attributive position.
Twice we
by
prose usage:
126, alirv
aa/xa
ttjvo
Avicaovihao, to koX
Anm.
name as some editors take argument for /xcucapTris as a proper name, on the ground that the girl here speaking would scarcely call " na/capiTis" an old woman who had MaKaplrrjs, fern. brought all her woe upon her, cannot be taken seriously. naicapiTis seems to have been commonly used of the dead with about as much 6 paKaplrifjs lias yhp X^yei tis sincerity as "derseelige" in modern German. orx"cu' (Stobaeus Flor. 121, 18, cf. Hiller ad loc). Compare Herondas, vi, 55,
because of
its
it.
Fritzsche's
Ku\cu0ts
i}
p,aKap?Tis.
The
ticucdpeao-Lv ayrjTov,
Article in Theocritus.
65
and xvi,
where
poetical.
The
attributive position, in
is
a personal pronoun.
adjective modifier either precedarticle
is
Predicative position. 1
An
its
The
nouu
is
noun thus attended by a predicative adjective is not distinguished from other individuals of its class, but its In present attribute is contrasted with other attributes of itself.
understood.
translation the article
is
often omitted.
Simple cases of
case are the
a)%ero.
this construction
:
following
IV,
5,
Avto?
a<t>avTO<; 6
1.
/3ov/c6\os
;
xxi,
XV, 53
is
XX,
24
xxiii, 24
xxv, 236
(epic).
an
ellipsis
Such
ellipses are
very
common
calling,
Of
by Milden
&>?
no examples occur
VI, 7
Of
been noted
BovkoXov
koucov eitpov
x, 2
xix, 8
xxi, 23, 47
is
xxix,
18.
(In
xxvn,
37, ra 8e irwea
KaXa
vo/jLevco, kclKcl
Add
to
these three instances of oblique predication in the accusative with parts of the
body
XX,
8, fxaXafcov
to yevecov e%ei?
XXIX, 33
xxx,
28.
The
trouble.
four cases
remaining have
I,
Here
be
cited,
Legrand,
we must admit
faulty
66
None of the
difficulty.
Cholmeley
viravTid^aLG-a
/cpdrei.
which Ameis,
must be assumed.
ical
The
Xevicdv to
fxercoTrov
iirel /cal
en
oc^pvai Xd/jare
vofievei,
is
109,
a>/?ato?
x&Scovls
paXa
we
we
to
ellipsis
predicate
6^779,
to
There remains
to
>
r)v fioi
poi/cov to Xay(o/36Xov
P.).
(tl for
Hermann,
the
opOrjv
Wilamowitz, to codd., tv
position
The
fir)
of
poL/cov,
explains
fancifully
pd/38ov
ovaav
The
parallels cited
The same
is
is
true of the
latter's
suggestion
Pot/eoV,
"my
staff
unsupported.
To
suit,
is
naturally poacov
(cf.
XaycoftoXov
Of
xx, 24 and xxi, 23, have been disposed of above. Two others remain to be mentioned xv, 145, to XP^H10, aocj)(OTpov, where evTi is to be supplied, and xxvn, 58,
sees difficulty,
:
^n
' '
Am.
On
67
see
pd/cos,
for
which
below under
Among
13.
participial modifiers
In the case
Attributive position.
generally treated as an
and stands
in
an attributive position.
its
The
it
is
proper noun.
position
(most edd.
now
dvdpdiirwv).
xvi,
&)?
fivdos
/jlt/Xcov
avdpiOfioi
|
But the
ai
re).
epic
and at
8'
may
1.
xxvn, 46, ra /SoukoXco epya, where fiovfcoXco is generic. Genitives of proper nouns are more numerous: I, 19; II, 8, 21, 62 (ra AeXfaSos Sana, tho parts of the body usually stand in the
partitive
position), 70,
146, a
re
$>iXl<7Ta<s
|
fidrvp
6.
tcls
afxas
V, 20,
114; XVIII,
In two
i.
e.,
vii, 10.
Krueger,
i,
47, 9, 9
Studien,
it,
p. 78.
Kuehner,
464, 3.
2
3
Apollonius Syntax,
i,
42, p. 84,
Bekker.
shows that, in spite of the re .... re, one woman, Changes in the text and assumption of a lacuna (Fritzsche) are unnecessary. Parallels with similar repetition of the article with connectives can be cited. So Cholmeley cites Xen. Anab., m, 117 Plato
context, esp.
1.
The
154,
mother of both
girls, is
meant.
Rep., 334
4
Ant,,
i,
21
Dem. De
Cor., 205
I,
Add
Dem. In
21.
consuetudini Theocr.
an articular genitive
of a proper
noun
in
and notes: u congruit But a parallel for such a position cannot be cited from
68
Once
HI, 45.
attributive
:
position.
;
Two
of the
genitives
are
:
common
xv, 97.
!
nouns
x,
Epigram,
b.
nouns
Partitive
position.
dependent
genitive,
articular
or
is
position.
such
genitives
governing noun. 2
cited (see
With
is
xvn, 2, 12 xvin, 4 xxiv, xxv, 216. Epigram, iv (xn,) 2. Five of these stand in I, 20 xxix, 5. It is articular twice epic idylls. With parts of the body and analogous nouns the genitive, /3. The in partitive position, is articular, save in xxvi, 20 (epic). The genitive IV, 15, 44-45 x, 46. articular genitive precedes
genitive
37, 72
follows
VIII,
76
(cf.
Kock
to
xv, 33
xxvi, 20
(epic),
%a
^a
fiiv tclv
in
Kuehner,
23-24.
464, 3
1),
where
In one
the
(?),
genitive
is
articular:
;
V, 1
c.
73
xiv, 52
xxm,
Omission
Theocritus,
who
nouns
i,
of relationship.
in xxi, 55,
and
20,
1
added
attributives.
i,
Apoll. Synt.
10, p. 35,
2 3
Krueger,
I,
47, 9, 11.
cf.
J. B.
1892, 312.
69
articular.
Most
may
a noun
is
naturally articular.
In a few
is
poetical.
:
opyas
:
XXVIII, 23.
follows
VI, 10,
hrerat
<r/co7ro<?
2,
55
d.
xxin,
Here
xxvn,
14.
pro-
nouns.
is
more
used.
But most of the omissions are found this group where the
states
it
partitive genitive
and
7T(uo?,
unless
is
a pronoun,
article.
is
The following
:
articular
v,
148
vn, 5
ti? in
Forms of
if
dependent genitives.
Here
it
there
need not,
indeed
can,
noun unexpressed, followed by ellipsis which The most be supplied in all cases.
is
always a familiar
common
the
type in Theocritus
is
article,
II,
76,
rd
Av/ccovos,
4>u07ea>,
not).
rd
Uvppo)
(sc.
/JLeXrj.
IV, 23,
Cf.
Arist.
112;
vm,
xxvi, 38
(epic).
with nouns of
Syntax,
Cf.
I,
37, p. 76,
1.
12
ff.
Bekker.
Herondas, v, 52, and for parallels in Attic, where this form of expression is rare, Dem., 54, 7, tQv HvdoSdpov 43, 62 (p6fios), ra rod &irodav6vros. Arist. Wasps, 1432, tA UittAXov. Lysias, 12, 12, Jf t' d5e\<f>o0 rod i/xov.
;
70
The
Article in
Theocritus.
found as follows
H, 66, 146
HI, 35
(?)
IV,
21; V, 15; x, 15; xiv, 53 (?). x 14. The article with possessives and
pronouns.
reflexive
genitives of personal
and
a.
With possessives.
The
article
with nouns
may
by the pronoun, as
in
his
distinct
from other
or (3)
same kind
kind (xxi,
This last is the (avafyopa) Kara fJiovaSiicrjv kti)(tlv according which Apollonius and other Greek grammarians account for the
2
If there
is
article
may, according
is
to Apollonius, be omitted.
we
have
seen, this
article in this
form of
is
expression.
Only one
used
rr)?
<rri<;
(%a)/?r;?).
With
the
exception of two
cases,
the
possessive
occupies the normal position between the article and noun, 3 the
first
attributive position.
. . .
The two
exceptions are
v, 108, rdv
|
<f>pay/iov
tov
first
cl/jlov,
iv irpoQvpoHJi
:
rolai
3, 39,
Teolaiv.
The
;
attributive position
found
I,
n,
xiv, 30, 38
6.
vm, 75; x, 57; xn, 20 xv, 11 ; xxi, 27, 30 xxiii, 21, 26, 27, 41 xxix, The noun is to be supplied from the context in xv, 18
; ; ;
xxvii, 59 ; xxn, 59. In one passage the manuscripts show the possessive
predicative
7roL7)(Ta<f
in the
position,
pdfcos.
after
the
noun
i/jibv
This,
for
this
683,
p. 33.
p. 177, to
2 8 4
Sophron
frg. 145.
See introduction.
See Milden,
o. c.
The
have been emended
in the
Article in
Theocritus.
71
position
in various ways.
The same
is
c.
found
1
:
next to the
last line
of Id.
xxvn,
contained in MS.
rdv
article
Of the
of Id.
ii,
Of these,
thirty-
idylls,
With
genitives
2 of pronouns.
article
is
post-Homeric. 3
sonal
When
the article
eius,
regularly
take
the partitive
When
an attributive
is
may
There are
in Attic,
of
fiev in
v, 2 (see below).
epic.
No
article
are
found in
a.
cedes,
With genitives of the personal pronouns. 5 The pronoun preand in a few cases is separated from the article by interven-
ing verbs: n, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99, 105, 111, 117, 123, 129,
v, 4, 19, 109 vi, 36 xv, 31, 69 xx, 5 xxm, xxix, 16 xxx, 9. The pronoun follows, occasionally separated from the noun: n, 126; vn, 119; vin, 15, 63, 82 (cdd. rot) x, 36 XI, 55, 70 xv, 71 xxvn, 5. In in, 37, the genitive stands between the noun and an adjective added in
135
;
(refrain)
43
6(f>6a\fji6s fiev 6
Sefuk*
In V,
2, to
vd/cos,
we
p. 91, n. 1.
464, 4.
<rev
. . . .
Krueger,
i,
47, 9, 12
n, 47,
9,
3 and
5.
Kuehner,
x a ^w
rbv fivdov
*
&Ko6<ras, <rev
4 5
30, 7.
Only
nev (Znedev),
and
<Tv
occur.
72
The
examples of
Article in
Theocritus,
Few
from
classical
them a
103,
alfia
particle or attributive
is
added,
(Meineke
See
Fuller,
7,
p.
fiev
for
;
other
Herondas, V,
position
to
The
may be
l
In the
New
Testament
/3.
an emphatic
may
With genitives of
2
;
reflexives.
There
:
is
I,
no exception
92, rov avrco
to the
|
awe
XV, 131
V,
61
XXVii, 13.
:
The genitive of the demonstrative follows the same rule n, 60. The genitive of a relative precedes in x, 4, a? rov iroha.
article
Omission of the
pronouns
is
and seven
The
as a dative of possession
may
of
noun.
There
is
much
use
this dative in
is is
Homer. 4
In Herodotus
this use
is
and position of
the dative
the dative
also found
5
when
where
In Attic prose
position
demand the
to be
Few
datives stand between the article and noun, and scarcely one
certainly a dative of possession
IV, 62, to tol yevos
;
:
in,
1,
ral 8e
p,oc
al7? ftoo-Kovrai-,
airoppel.
koXov avdos
In
other xcases of this position the pronoun certainly goes with the
'Blass, N. T. Gram., p. 171. 'Cholmeley (and Wilaraowitz), writes airCo, ipsius, ''according to epic usage. Monro, Horn. Gram., 252." But if avrG> is Homeric, rbv avrQ> w. %p. is not Homeric (Monro, 1. c.
1 4
Krueger,
Dyroff
'
, '
11,
48, 12,
'
Krueger,
48, 12, 2.
73
Other positions
is
(cf.
22.
no case
VI, 6
;
the possessive
;
demanded
i,
146
n,
XV, 55
XX, 28,
interrogatives.
In combination with an
to one that is to be
by prolepsis
1
more
struction twice,
article points
5,
back
to an object
8,
v,
to
vdtcos,
16.
The
article
aWos and
is
erepos.
first
The
article is
used with
attributive position, as
when
2
the reference
to the
"the
rest."
xvin, 17
erepov)
;
xxiv, 61
(epic), rbv
aXXov
xxvi, 24
(epic).
is
Omission of the
3
with aXXos
found: xiv, 60; (xxn, 178 (epic), coXXot, v. 1. aXXoi; xxvi, 15 (epic), aXXai, vulg. aXXai) XXII, 205, rbv aXXov ( rbv erepov), with anaphora, " that other."
substantively, the article
With
In Homer the
sense erepos
article is
found occasionally. 4
In a generic
may
or
may
In Theocritus the
:
vn, 36; vni, 91; xi, 32; xn, 14, (Ionic lyric); xxv, 255 (epic). Omission of the article is confined to epic idylls, save
xxix, 15
1
(Aeolic).
Krueger, 50,
4, 7.
i,
Kuehner,
11, p. 38,
461,
1.
A.
6.
;
Bekker Krueger, I, 50, 4, 9. Tn Theocritus occasional shifting between &Wos and Zrepos is noticeable. *The grammars tell us that oi &X\oi is found everywhere in Homer, (Monro, 260, a, "passim"), but many of the examples are disputed, and the schol. to
Cf. Apoll. Synt.,
21
ff.
B, 1 says
eMptpei.
article
4
"AAXot] 8n ZrjvdSoros ypdcpei <3\\oi (or wXXot). 6 5 TroirjTrfs aaw&pdpios Where Homer has ol dXXoi, etc., demonstrative interpretation of the may be applied, as in the two examples quoted above from epic idylls.
:
Kuehner,
465, 10.
74
17.
the article
is
noun, in epic,
XX v,
195,
to.
occurs but once outside the epic idylls (xiv, 19), without the
article.
18.
With
6/caTepos, afx^xo
articular
position.
in Attic
prose,
The
omission of the
109,
<
107
the
>
xxv, 260.
Elsewhere
it is
used substantively,
without
article.
noun,
xxn,
(13, 30,
130), and
is
used
and eiceivos. When are used with a noun, the noun usually has the
19.
With outo?,
88e, ty/vo?,
It
is,
Demonstratives point to
defiuite,
known
objects,
articular.
2 of the demonstrative.
The
pronouns
to
the
accompanying nouns
appositives,
In regard to the
may
is
occasional
poetic omissions
prose.
permitted in
Ameis,
^rist. Eccl., 837, Fuller, p. 114. Kuehner, See Krueger, I, 50, 11, 19 ff.
465,
4. Fr.
Blass,
otiros in
H. Kallenberg,
demonstratives in Herodotus.
Jahresb. des Phil. Ver. zu Berlin, xxni, 1897, pp. 204 ff., on the article with L. Herbst, Philol. xxxviii, 503 ff., 6 wSXefxos 85e
and
Thucydides summarized, A. J. P., i, 241. B. L. Gildersleeve "Problems in Greek Syntax," A. J. P., xxni, pp. 8 and 123 ff.
68e 6 7r6Xe/xos in
;
75
clvtos, 7ra?,
eo'?,
ktL) in the
and
/ceti/09,
attributives,
The pronoun
noun (second position). Intervening words often separate the demonstrative from the noun. First position: ovto$, II, 28, 53 x, VIII, 39 Yii, 51 V, 102 41, 42, 45; xv, 44. S8e, I, 65 (?) v, 72. Epigram, vi (xx),
precede
or follow the
; ;
;
may
1.t^
1,
w
:
ii,
62
iv,
xxvin,
;
24.
;
15 ; v, Second
position
59
Epigram,
vn
(xvi),
1.
v, 30, 32
oSe,
vin, 23
xiv, 4
XXI, 65.
;
iv,
;
vtii,
;
tt/i/o?, ii,
153
xv, 8
xvi, 42 (epic)
b.
attributives.
When
the articular
noun
in Attic,
abandon
its
adjective modifier
So
I,
may be
roles,
As shown by
ticeivos is
play important
(10
rijvos in
n), while
unimportant.
Summary.
Without nouns.
W. articular nouns.
W. anarthrous nouns.
oOtos...
51
in epic).
89 (11 in epic).
68 (22 "
61
(
",
88e
T7JV0S...
30 25
"
"
" " "
).
11
"
"
"
"
).
).
28(2
" M "
"
).
).
).
27(14
" 8(none u
).
). ). ).
).
).
"
" "
4 "
" "
"
iKUVOS.
8( 6 "
114(21
2 (none "
3( "
53(20
" "
3( 6 "
231 (20 "
).
).
Total..
"
).
64(2
).
[t is to be noted especially, that of the cases of anarthrous nouns accompanied by a demonstrative, a large percentage (20 in 53) are found in epic idylls (con-
fined to o&tos
and
;
88e),
is
used in
epic (xvi, 42
Doric
rrjvos.
frequency of
ttjvos
76
ye&Xocfrov
I, 1.
The
n, 116
Article in
Theocritus.
v, 101.
xxx,
1.
X,
xiv, 26.
Epigram,
v, 17
;
In
all
position.
The
may
stand in the
first
:
attributive position,
iv,
59
viii,
or follow
it
xv, 34.
The
adjective
may occupy
the second
:
attributive position
147
vn, 151.
and the demonstrative precede the complex v, Epigram, in (x), 1 f. or stand between the noun
I,
1/2,
22/23
v, 64/65.
The
adjective, finally,
may
n, 30, oBe
attributive
/3o'//./3o?
I,
120.
In two
alrrv
cases,
article is
I,
126
f.
re
ttjvo
|
Av/caoviSao,
ficucdpeo-GLv
|
aynrov
Epigram,
f.
rep^lvOov rpcbyow.
is
The omission of
c.
poetical.
68e,
Omission of the
rrjvos
and
eiceZvos.
As was
stated above, a
article,
noun which of
itself
remains anarthrous
case, for
when used with a demonstrative pronoun. This is the example, when ovtos (etc.) is subject, the noun predicate,
the noun
is
or
when
to the demonstrative in
;
xxin, 21, 35 xxvii, 55). Besides these constructions, there are a number of cases where the omission of the article is more or less general in Attic Greek. This is true
the accusative case
1), in
V, 17 a
and
102
2),
clause, as in xvi,
relative
;
(epic)
3),
when
xxn,
54, 62 (epic);
xxv,
ii,
18,
29
xxvii, 49.
tt)i>o?
Epigram, 98
;
(vn), 4;
68e
is
ovto?
15,
132;
in, 6
vii,
4),
when
used with
(x), 3.
is
much
the same
force as roioaEe:
vn, 125.
Epigram, in
categories,
Of
the remain-
cannot
be
twelve occur in
two
in the Ionic
xn
The
the Berenike fragment.
ovto<;
ii,
;
Article in
Theocritus.
77
The
65.
88e vii,
;
V,
v.
43
1.
vii,
63
XV, 15
xvm,
58.
1-771/09
e/cetvos
1, 36; IX, 29
11,
84;
(tceivoiai
ttjvolo-l).
article in
Doric idylls
comparatively small.
adjectives' TOioOro?, to to?, roioaSe, roaos,
20.
The demonstrative
the
roaoorhe, roao-rjvos
without
article,
Of
Of
idylls only
XXIII,
1 6,
roaav
one would in Attic Greek require the article, namely (f>\6ya t<x? Kvdepeias, " the fire of Aphrodite, so
The
11,
161
21.
xvm,
avros.
the noun.
Hence
if the
noun
is
articular, avrfc in
this
sense
The
article is
noun
cf.
refers to a definite,
known
x, 19
1 person or object.
The examples
2
;
5,
15/16
V, 14
xxvii, 35.
Ai/ro'?,
vin, 80;
(?),
xi, 12
xxvn,
61.
is
an
In Attic Greek, proper nouns, and common nouns used az/ro'9, " idem." In Theois
auTo?
confined
almost entirely to
the
intensive
:
use
discussed above.
Two
were found
xvm,
xxvi, 23 (epic), teal Avrovoas In xi, 34, covtos is a doubtful variant for outo?. Nouns with avros, " ipse," are anarthrous eight times outside
(dvtos.
Of these,
vii, 5,
100; xxx, 31. The others are: xxvn, 63. Epigram, v (xni), 6.
^rueger,
2
1,
avrb.
T&o-Tta,
fxdvos cf.
For out6s
Kuehner, 465, 4, Anm. 6 and f. " only her bones," cf. II, 89, airrh 3<rrta, "only bones." iv, 15 v, 85 x, 19 xi, 12 xvni, 12.
.
. .
78
22.
The
airas, (jv\iira%
etc.,)
and
oko<;.
noun
it is
used with
with ovtos,
normally articular without 7ra9. A noun used with 7ra? (etc.,) in the sense " whole " or " all " takes the article, therefore, in Attic
when
is
there
is
definite reference to
no such
generic article
may
also be used.
When
is
used indefinitely
noun
anarthrous.
If the noun
article,
When
7ra9
whole
is
When, on
the
it
7ra?
is
in Theocritus
as
follows
xxvn, 33
;
xxviii, 25
b. following the
;
Vin, 16
XIII,
xxiv, 38, the last two in epic. Without accompanying noun 7ra? may have the article, individual or generic. Of the cases found in Theocritus none stand in epic idylls. They are in, 18, to irav, adverbial cf. VII, 98, ra
;
:
xxn, 22
nrdvra.
XIV, 50
xviil, 22.
roi<; is
9.
In XVI,
a relative, and in
is
a substantive pronoun.
used in this
way
When Omission of the article with nouns accompanied by 7ra?. 7ra? every " is used with a noun the article is omitted in Attic.
="
So
also in Theocritus:
I,
50,
102
vn, 26
fifty
xxi, 45
these,
xxv, 53
(epic).
instances in Theocritus
where
Of
twenty-nine
the twenty
plurals), the
xn.
Of
Krueger,
i,
50, 11, 8
n, 50, 10,
2.
Kallenberg on
irar
xxm,
The Article in
Theocritus,
79
may be noted in the ; " all my hair " VII, n, 89, iraaai rpix&y following instances " XI, 31 ; XIX, 3 ; IX, 33 109, tcara xpoa iravra, " all thy skin
anarthrous.
xxiii, 56
xxvn,
33.
Epigram,
olttos
(vn)
6.
Nouns accompanied by
always anarthrous in
reference, as in
(epic)
;
and
o-vfiTras
(once,
xn,
is
1
7),
are
there
.
definite
alfia
airav;
xvii, 41
in
;
predicative
Epigram,
:
vn
once with an
a variant for
anarthrous noun
ov/c
xxix, 4
where a/co\as
is
oXas.
23.
The
article with
well
known
or previously mentioned
y\v/cvv, cf.
eva
xi, 6
xiv, 29
xvin, 19.
Add
the
xvi, 90
(epic),
article
may
be substantival.
Hence,
|
article is
been mentioned
T/aeZ?
. .
.
xxvi, 6
to>?
Tft)?
ivvea.
Nouns accompanied by ordinals are frequently anarthrous. 2 A noun so used is articular but once in Theocritus I, 3, /xera Hdva
:
Elsewhere the
article
appears only
xvn, 75 xvin, 4 xxn, 4 ; xxv, 240. With superlatives, as with ordinal numerals, omission of the
; ;
article is easy
and frequent.
With nouns
is
used
vn, 10, cf. xxi, 19. vin, 62 xi, 35 xxiv, 63 (epic). Without accompanying nouns, superlatives with the article are found a, as substantives II, 143 VII, 98. Epigram, IV (xn), the last two being appositives b, as 2, ab verbs vn, 59 xv, 58 xxiii, 40.
:
The only
John Thompson,
CI.
R,
xx,
6,
304.
80
25.
The Article
in
Theocritus.
anaphora.
(apposition)
xvm,
20
;
6 (anaphora to
1.
1.)
xx, 43
(apposition).
we
find the
I,
v, 71
vm,
17
xxiv, 72
xxvi, 32
(the
two
in epic).
OF
UNIV
OF
LIFE.
Winfred George Leutner was born
1,
in Cleveland, Ohio,
March
1879.
He
University in 1901.
In the
fall
Greek, Latin,
and Sanskrit.
in
Greek
at Adelbert College.
He
of
He
this
attended
the
lectures
of Professors Gildersleeve,
all
K. F.
of
whom
To
for
he takes
Professors
express
his
is
indebtedness.
he
in
especially grateful
constant
and guidance
the
prosecution
of his principal
May, 1905.
THIS Bo k is
Book
STAMPED
DUE N THE
Bliow
fa
DATE
Santas'' *y-
*3;
JM20
1983
J
IECC!R.4[g
33
15w-4 '24
t
VC 00551