Math 156Sat: HW #4

Name:

1. What is the difference between x and ? Between s and ?

(10 points)

2. Explain the difference between and x and between and x ?

(10 points)

3. Suppose that a random sample of size 64 is to be selected from a population having = 40 and standard deviation 5. (a) What are the mean and standard deviation of the x sampling distribution? Can we say that the shape of the distribution is approximately normal? Why or why not? (10 points) (b) What is the probability that x will be within 0.5 of the population mean?
points) (5 points) (5

(c) What is the probability that x will differ from the population mean by more than 0.7?

4. In the library on a university campus, there is a sign in the elevator that indicates a limit of 16 persons. Furthermore, there is a weight limit of 2500 pounds. Assume that the average weight of students, faculty, and staff on campus is 150 pounds with a standard deviation of 27 pounds, and that the distribution of weights of individuals on campus is approximately normal. If a random sample of 16 persons from the campus is taken: (a) What is the mean and standard deviation of the x = sample mean distribution? Can we assume the x distribution is normal? Explain. (10 points) (b) What average weights of for a sample of 16 people will result in the total weight exceeding the weight limit of 2500 pounds? (5 points) (c) What is the chance that a random sample of 16 persons on the elevator will exceed the weight limit? (5 points)

5. A random sample is to be selected from a population that has a proportion of successes = 0.65 . Determine the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p for each of the following sample sizes. (5 points each) (a) n = 10 (b) n = 20 (c) n = 29 (d) n = 200

6. For which of the sample sizes above in #5 would the sampling distribution of p be approximately normal when = 0.65 ? (10 points)

7. The article Should Pregnant Women Move? Linking Risks for Birth Defects with Proximity to Toxic Waste Sites (Chance [1992]) reported that in a large study carried out in the state of New York, approximately 30% of the study subjects lived within one mile of a hazardous waste site. Let denote the proportion of all New York residents who live within 1 mile of such a site, and suppose that = 0.3 . (5 points each) (a) Would p based on a random sample of only 10 residents have approximately a normal distribution? Explain why or why not. (b) What are the mean and standard deviation of p based on a random sample of size 400? (c) When n = 400, what is P( 0.28 < p < 0.32) ? 8. A random sample of 10 houses in a particular area, each of which is heated with natural gas, is selected, and the amount of gas (in therms) used during the month of January is determined for each house. The resulting observations are as follows: (5 points each) 103 156 118 89 125 147 122 109 138 99

(a) Let J denote the average gas usage during January by all houses in this area. Compute an unbiased point estimate of J . (b) Let J denote the proportion of houses in this area that use more than 100 therms during January. Compute a point estimate of J . 9. The article Doctors Cite Burnout in Mistakes (San Luis Obispo Tribune, March 5, 2002) reported that many doctors who are completing their residency have financial struggles that could interfere with training. In a sample of 115 residents, 38 reported that they worked moonlighting jobs and 22 reported a credit card debt of more than $3000. Suppose that it is reasonable to consider this sample as a random sample of all medical residents in the United States. (a) Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of U.S. medical residents who work moonlighting jobs. (10 points) (b) Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of U.S. medical residents who have credit card debt of more than $3000. (10 points) (c) How many medical residents should be sampled in order to build a 99% confidence interval with an error of no more than 4%? (5 points) 10. The airborne times of United Airlines flight 448 from Albuquerque to Denver on 10 randomly selected days are shown below. You may assume that the flight times of all such flights are normally distributed. (10 points each) 57 54 55 51 56 48 52 51 59 59 (a) Find a 90% confidence interval for the mean airborne time for flight 448. (b) Repeat part (a) if it is known that the standard deviation of such flights is 1.7 minutes. 11. The eating habits of 12 bats were examined in the article Foraging Behavior of the Indian False Vampire Bat (Biotropica [1991]). For these 12 bats, the mean time to consume a frog was x = 21.9 minutes and the standard deviation was 7.7 minutes. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the mean time it takes this bat to consume a frog. What assumption(s) must be made here? (10 points) Math 156Sat: HW #4 - Solutions

1.

x is the mean of a sample whereas is the mean for the entire population s is the standard deviation of a sample whereas is the standard deviation of the entire population

2.

is the mean for the entire population whereas x is the mean of the x distribution is the standard deviation of the entire population whereas x is the standard deviation of the x distribution

3. (a) x = = 40 5 5 x = = = = 0.625 10 64 8 By the Central Limit Theorem, since the sample size is large (> 30), we can assume the sampling distribution is approximately normal. (b) normalcdf(39.5, 40.5, 40, 0.625) = 0.5763 (c) 1 P(within 0.7 of the mean) = 1 normalcdf(39.3, 40.7, 40, 0.625) = 0.2627 4. (a) x = = 150 pounds 27 27 x = = = = 6.75 pounds 4 n 16 Even though the sample size is only 16, we can assume the sampling distribution is approximately normal because we are given that the population is normal. (b) 2500 = 156.25 pounds 16

(c) normalcdf(156.25, 1e99, 150, 6.75) = 0.1772 5. Regardless of the value of n, p = = 0.65 (a) p =

(1 ) 0.65( 0.35) = 0.1508 n 10 (1 ) 0.65( 0.35) = 0.1067 n 20 (1 ) 0.65( 0.35) = 0.0886 n 29 (1 ) 0.65( 0.35) = 0.0337 n 200

(b) p =

(c) p =

(d) p =

6. In order to be allowed to assume that the distribution of p is approximately normal, we need n 10 and n(1 ) 10 . So we check this for each n. (a) 10(1 0.65) = 3.5, so no good for n = 10 (b) 20(1 0.65) = 7, so no good for n = 20 (c) 29(1 0.65) = 10.15 and 29(0.65) = 18.85, so we can assume normality for n = 29 (d) Since it worked for n = 29, it will work for any larger value of n, so we can assume normality for n = 200 also. 7. (a) Again, to able to assume a normal distribution of p, we need n 10 and n(1 ) 10 . But in this case we have 10(0.3) = 3. Thus we cannot assume normality. (b) p = = 0.3

p =

(1 ) 0.3( 0.7 ) = 0.0229 n 400

(c) normalcdf(0.28, 0.32, .3, .0229) = 0.6175 8. (a) J x = 120.6 therms (b) J p = 8 = 0.8 10

9. (a) 1-PropZInt: ( 0.24447, 0.4164) We are 95% confident that the proportion of all U.S. medical residents who work moonlighting jobs is in this interval. (b) 1-PropZInt: ( 0.13097, 0.25163) We are 90% confident that the proportion of all U.S. medical residents who have credit card debt of more than $3000 is in this interval. (c) The sample size required to estimate a population proportion to within an amount B with 99% 2 2.58 confidence is n = (1 ) where the 2.58 is invNorm(0.995), and since is unknown, we B 2.58 use = 0.5. So we would get a value of n = 0.5( 0.5) = 1040.0625 . So choose n = 1041 0.04 10. (a) TInterval: (b) ZInterval
2

( 52.069, 56.331) ( 53.316, 55.084 )

11. TInterval: (17.908, 25.892) Since the sample size is small (only 12), for this process to be valid, we must assume that the time it takes to consume frogs by this bat is normally distributed.