WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM With rapid growth in wind energy technologies, it is demanded that the wind energy

conversion system (WECS) should be efficient and cost effective. These WECS are classified based on integration of wind energy with the grid or standalone applications. The different generators are employed both for fixed and variable speed operations of these WECS. At present the penetration of wind energy is a fraction of total grid capacity. Therefore, the change in wind power does not have much effect on stability of the grid. Rapid development in the area of power electronics, microcontrollers and digital signal processors (DSPs) has made it possible to apply new control techniques in the wind energy conversion system (WECS). Apart from grid connected systems, the isolated wind power generation systems are gaining popularity in remote places where feasibility of grid connections are not yet possible due to geographic and economic issues. Emphasis is being given to the cost-effective utilization of wind energy resources for quality and reliable power requirements. Wind energy is intermittent in nature and wind power output at any time is not controllable. At present the penetration of wind energy is a fraction of total grid power does not have much effect on stability of the grid. However, it is increasing at very sharp rate and it is expected that these WECS will affect grid system. In view of these issues, wind energy conversion systems integrated with batteries are used to ensure grid discipline. The growth of WECS can be seen in the largest a wind turbine installations along with their manufacturers. However, in stand-alone WECS, energy storage devices are must with driven generators to improve the voltage and frequency control. Fixed speed stand-alone wind turbine installations have been quite attractive for small ratings due to less initial investments and simple controller. The isolated asynchronous generators (PMSG) are mostly used in these kinds of installations. However, these schemes do not provide the maximum power extraction from available wind energy potential. Variable-speed wind turbine installations can offer attractive option in capturing the energy from available wind energy potential over a wider range of wind speeds. However, the high initial investment and high level

of control complexity are the concerned issues. The squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), wound field synchronous generator (WFSG), permanent magnet brushless DC generator (PMBLDCG) & switched reluctance generator (SRG) based WECS are reported in the literature for power generation with variable speed wind turbines. Induction generators are increasingly being used nowadays with WECS, because of their relative advantages over conventional synchronous generators. These features are brush-less and rugged construction, low cost, maintenance and operational simplicity, self-protection against faults, good dynamic response, and capability to generate operation in stand-alone mode to supply remote areas where extension of grid is not economically viable. Along with benefits of the IAG, there are some fundamental problems, in its operation to control the voltage and frequency under varying load conditions and the speed of the wind turbine. CLASSIFICATION OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSTION SYSTEM

Grid Connected WECS Presently, most of the WECS are feeding the power to the grid. These WECS have been realized using classified wind generators such as squirrel cage induction generator, wound field synchronous generator, doubly fed induction generator. The permanent magnet brushless DC generator and switched reluctance generators ored recently for WECS technologies. have also been expl Stand-alone WECS To feed the power to the consumers far away from the grid supply and located in small groups, stand-alone reliable and cost effective solutions. To improve the reliability of such WECS, the use of energy storage is reported in the literature. In the present study, the battery energy storage systems (BESS) are considered for load leveling.

Fixed Speed Stand-alone Wind Turbine Technologies In these